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Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
写一篇表达对“善意的谎言”理解的文章
　　本单元要求写一篇表达对“善意的谎言”理解的文章，属于表达观点类议论文。表达观点类议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。在写作时，主要通过摆事实、讲道理使读者接受作者的观点。写作步骤是：第一段开门见山，描述现象或表明立场，提出自己的观点。中间段落说理论证自己的观点。为了使论证的层次更清晰，可以使用to begin with、what’s more、besides、in addition等衔接性的词语。最后一段再次表达自己的观点。具体写作结构为：
一、写作常用词汇
1.lie vi.& n.　　　　　　　撒谎，谎言
2.awful adj. 糟糕的
3.avoid vt. 避免
4.honest adj. 诚实的
5.truth n. 事实，真相
6.forgive vt. 原谅，宽恕
7.hurt vt. 伤害
8.a crisis of trust 信任危机
9.warmth and encouragement 温暖和鼓励
10.contribute to 有助于
11.the depressing situation 沮丧的现状
12.feel cheated 感到被欺骗
二、写作常用句式（注意加黑部分的表达）
1.What’s the difference between a white lie and a lie？
善意的谎言和谎言之间有什么不同？
2.White lies refer to the little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
善意的谎言指的是我们为了保护他人不被真相所伤害而撒的小谎。
3.We tell a friend his new haircut is cool even if we think it’s awful.
我们告诉朋友他的新发型很酷，即使我们认为它很糟糕。
4.Telling a white lie can not only avoid hurting others’ feelings， but it has also magic power to give people much warmth and encouragement.
说善意的谎言不仅可以避免伤害别人的感情，而且它还有魔力，可以给人很多温暖和鼓励。
5.Telling white lies contributes to keeping others from being affected by our depressing situation.
说善意的谎言有助于让别人不受我们沮丧处境的影响。
6.People being lied to may feel cheated and depressed.
被骗的人可能会感到被欺骗和沮丧。
7.If a white lie is discovered， it can lead to a crisis of trust and possibly damage the relationship.
如果善意的谎言被发现，可能会导致信任危机，并可能损害关系。
8.When we tell a white lie， we had better take into consideration what the occasion at that time is and what the result it brings about.
当我们说善意的谎言时，我们最好考虑到当时的情况和它会带来的结果。
9.So I hold the idea that it is necessary to tell white lies in some special situations.
所以我认为在某些特殊情况下说一些善意的谎言是必要的。
10.White lies are harmless and useful and they make this world a more harmonious place.
善意的谎言是无害和有用的，它们使这个世界成为一个更和谐的地方。
　　假定你是李华，今天你班同学就“是否应该对得了不治之症的病人说善意的谎言”的话题展开讨论，同学们意见不一致。请你根据以下要点写一篇文章。
　　1.反对说善意的谎言的同学的观点及理由；
　　2.支持说善意的谎言的同学的观点及理由；
　　3.你的观点。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第一步：审题谋篇，合理布局
第二步：遣词造句，规范得体
◎核心词汇
1.告知某人某事　　　　　　　　　　
2.事实，真相 　　　　　　　　
3.作出决定 　　　　　　　
4.可以接受的 　　　　　　　　
5.失去希望 　　　　　　　　
6.使情况更糟糕 　　　　　　　　
7.取决于 　　　　　　　　
8.积极的态度 　　　　　　　　
◎遣词造句
1.如果一个病人得了不治之症，他/她是否应该被告知真相？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.有些学生反对。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.他们坚持认为，病人应该被告知他们病情的真相，以便他们能够根据自己的健康状况作出适当的决定。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.与上述观点相反，一些学生认为善意的谎言是可以接受的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.他们担心一旦被告知病情，病人可能会失去希望，这将使情况变得更糟。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.在我看来，人们是否应该说善意的谎言取决于病人是什么样的人。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
7.如果病人有强烈的生存意志和积极的态度，告诉他们真相将有助于治疗。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第三步：词句升级，彰显文采
1.用定语从句合并句2和句3
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.用非限制性定语从句改写句5
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：检查誊写，连句成篇
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【即时演练】　
　　假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Anne虽不喜欢朋友送的节日礼物，但仍对朋友说非常喜欢，因此感到不安。她发来邮件询问你对“善意的谎言”的看法和理解，请你给她回复一封邮件。内容包括：
　　1.举例说明什么是“善意的谎言”；
　　2.解释人们说“善意的谎言”的原因；
　　3.提出建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Anne，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 1　Section Ⅲ
4 / 4Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
After Twenty Years
　　[1]The policeman on the beat① walked along the street as he always did.It was barely②ten o’clock at night.When he had walked about halfway around a certain block， the policeman suddenly slowed down③. [2]In the doorway of a store stood a man， with an unlit④ cigar in his mouth.As the policeman walked up to him the man spoke up quickly.
　　“It’s all right， officer，” he said.“I’m just waiting for a friend. [3]It’s an appointment⑤ made twenty years ago. [4]There used to be a restaurant where this store stands—‘Big Joe’ Brady’s restaurant.”
　　[1]句中as he always did为as引导的方式状语从句，as意为“正如……”。
　　[2]表示地点的介词短语置于句首时，常用完全倒装结构，本句的主语是a man。正常语序为A man， with an unlit cigar in his mouth， stood in the doorway of a store。
　　[3]过去分词短语made twenty years ago作后置定语，修饰名词appointment。
　　[4]There used to be ...意为“过去常常有……”；where引导地点状语从句。
　　“It was here until five years ago，” said the policeman.“It was torn down⑥ then.”
　　The man in the doorway struck a match⑦ and lit his cigar.The light showed a pale face， with keen⑧ eyes， a square jaw and a little white scar⑨ near his right eyebrow⑩.His scarfpin was a large diamond ， oddly set.
　　“Twenty years ago tonight，” said the man， “I dined here with Jimmy Wells， my best friend.He and I were just like two brothers.I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty.The next morning I was to leave New York and travel to the West to make my fortune .[5]Well， we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time， no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have built a life and made our fortunes.”
　　“It sounds pretty interesting，” said the policeman.“Rather a long time between meetings， though.Haven’t you heard from your friend since you left？”
　　“Well， we kept in touch for a year or two， and then we lost contact.[6]But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive， for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world.He’ll never forget.I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight， and it’s worthwhile if my old partner turns up .”
　　[5]第二个that引导宾语从句，作agreed的宾语；该宾语从句中no matter what引导让步状语从句。that night用作时间状语。
　　[6]句中for意为“因为”，为并列连词，连接表示因果关系的两个并列分句；第一个分句中I know是主句，Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中if引导条件状语从句。
　　The waiting man pulled out a handsome watch， set with small diamonds.It was three minutes to ten.
　　“I’ll be on my way，” said the policeman.“Hope your friend turns up.”
　　“I’ll give him half an hour at least.Bye， officer.”
　　[7]The man who had come a thousand miles to keep an appointment with the friend of his youth smoked his cigar and waited.[8]About twenty minutes later， a tall man in a long overcoat， with collar turned up to his ears， hurried toward him.
　　[7]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词man；动词不定式短语to keep an appointment with the friend of his youth作目的状语。
　　[8]with复合结构“with＋宾语＋过去分词短语（宾语补足语）”作状语。
　　“Is that you， Bob？” he asked， doubtfully.
　　“Is that you， Jimmy Wells？” shouted the man in the doorway.
　　“Bless my heart！” cried the new arrival.“Well， well， well！[9]Twenty years is a long time！ How has the West treated you， old man？”
　　“It has given me everything I asked it for.You’ve changed lots， Jimmy.I never thought you were tall by two or three inches .”
　　“Oh， I grew a bit after I was twenty.Come on， Bob；we’ll go to a place I know and have a good long talk about old times.”
　　The two men walked up the street， arm in arm .The man from the West was beginning to outline the history of his career.[10]At the corner stood a drugstore， brilliant with electric lights.Each of them turned to stare at the other’s face.The man from the West stopped suddenly and released his arm.
　　[9]时间复数名词Twenty years作主语时，作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
　　[10]表示地点的介词短语At the corner置于句首，句子使用完全倒装。形容词短语brilliant with electric lights用作后置定语；正常语序为A drugstore， brilliant with electric lights， stood at the corner。
　　“As I suspected ， you’re not Jimmy Wells，” he said， impatiently with anger.[11]“Twenty years is a long time， but not long enough to change the shape of a man’s nose.”
　　“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one，” said the tall man， taking charge of the situation.“You’ve been under arrest for ten minutes，‘Silky’ Bob.Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us.They want to have a chat with you.Before we go to the station， here’s a note for you.It’s from Patrolman Wells.”
　　The man from the West unfolded the paper.The note was rather short.
　　“Bob： I was at the appointed place on time .[12]When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago.Anyhow I couldn’t arrest you myself， so I got a plain-clothes man to do the job.JIMMY.”
　　（Adapted from O.Henry’s short story of the same title）
　　[11]句中long enough to change ... 为“形容词＋enough＋to do sth”结构。
　　[12]句中When引导时间状语从句，动词不定式短语to light your cigar用作目的状语；主句谓语动词saw之后接省略that的宾语从句it was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago。
【读文清障】
①on the beat （警察）值勤，当班，巡逻
②barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才
③slow down 放慢，减速
④unlit adj.未点燃的
⑤appointment n.约定，约会；任命，委托；职务
appoint vt.任命，委任；安排，确定（时间、地点）
⑥tear down 拆毁，拆除
⑦strike a match 擦/划火柴
⑧keen adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于
⑨scar n.伤疤；（精神上的）创伤；污点
⑩eyebrow n.眉毛
scarfpin n.围巾夹，领带别针
diamond n.钻石
make one’s fortune 发财
reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖
worthwhile adj.值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉快的
turn up （常指出其不意地或经长久等待后）出现，到来，露面
keep an appointment赴约，践约
collar n.衣领；颈圈；圈，箍
bless vt.（表示惊奇）；祝福
blessing n.祝福；幸运
blessed adj.有福的
inch n.英寸；少量，短距离
arm in arm 臂挽着臂
outline vt.概述，略述
n.概述；轮廓线，略图
suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得
n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象
take charge of 负责；控制，掌管
arrest n.& vt.逮捕，拘捕
under arrest 被逮捕
wire vt.给（某人）打电 报；接通（电源）
n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网
on time 按时，准时
criminal n.罪犯
adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的
crime n.犯罪活动；不法行为
anyhow adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地
plain-clothes adj.穿便衣的
【参考译文】
二十年后
　　当班巡逻的警察像往常一样沿街走着。差不多要到晚上十点了。当他绕着一个街区走了大约一半时，突然放慢了脚步。一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。当警察向他走来时，那个男人立马大声开口说话了。
　　“没什么事，警官，”他说，“我只是在等一个朋友。这是二十年前定下的一个约定。这家店的位置以前是一家餐馆——‘大乔’布雷迪餐厅。”
　　“直到五年前它还在这里，”警察说，“后来被拆掉了。”
　　门口那个男人划了根火柴，点燃了雪茄。火光映出他苍白的脸，他有一双锐利的眼睛，方下巴，右边眉毛附近还有一道小小的白色伤疤。他的领带夹是一颗硕大的钻石，镶嵌得有些古怪。
　　“二十年前的今晚，”那个男人说，“我和我最好的朋友吉米·韦尔斯在这里吃饭。他和我就像兄弟俩。那时我十八岁，吉米二十岁。第二天早上，我就要离开纽约，出发去西部发财。好吧，那天晚上我们约定，二十年后的同一日期、同一时间，我们将再次在此相聚，不管我们的处境将会如何，也不管来的路程会有多远。我们觉得，二十年的时间里，我们两个都会拥有自己的生活，并且发家致富。”
　　“听起来很不错，”警察说，“不过两次会面间隔了相当长的时间。自从你离开后，你难道没有收到过你朋友的信息？”
　　“哦，我们联络了一两年，然后就断了联系。但是我知道如果吉米还活着就一定会来这里见我，因为他一直是这个世界上最真诚、最可靠的伙伴。他绝对不会忘的。我千里迢迢赶过来，就是为了今晚能站在这个门口，如果我的老伙计出现，那一切都是值得的。”
　　等待的男人掏出一块镶有小钻石的精致手表。还有三分钟就到十点了。
　　“我得走了，”警察说，“希望你的朋友出现。”
　　“我至少会再等他半小时。再见，警官。”
　　那个千里迢迢赶来与年少时的朋友赴约的男人抽着雪茄，等待着。大约二十分钟后，一个高个子男人急匆匆地径直向他走来。那人穿着一件长大衣，衣领竖着，翻到耳朵边。
　　“是你吗，鲍勃？”他迟疑地问道。
　　“是你吗，吉米·韦尔斯？”门口的男人喊道。　　“老天保佑！”新来的人大声说，“啧，啧，啧！二十年可真久啊！西部对你怎么样，老伙计？”
　　“它给了我想要的一切。你的变化不小啊，吉米。我根本没想到你长高了两三英寸。”
　　“哦，二十岁过后我又长了点个儿。来吧，鲍勃，我们去一个我知道的地方，好好叙叙旧。”
　　两个人臂挽着臂沿街走着。那个西部来的男人开始讲起他的事业成功史。街拐角处有一家药店，电灯通明。两人都转过身来仔细看着对方的脸。西部来的男人突然停了下来，松开了他的手臂。
　　“正如我所怀疑的，你不是吉米·韦尔斯，” 他愤怒且不耐烦地说道，“二十年确实很长，但还没长到改变一个人鼻子的形状。”
　　“二十年的时间有时候会把一个好人变成坏人，”高个子男人一边说着，一边掌控住了局势。“你已经被捕十分钟了，‘滑头’鲍勃。芝加哥警方料到你可能会顺道来我们这里，给我们发了电报。他们想和你聊聊。在我们去警局之前，这还有张便条给你，是巡警韦尔斯写的。”
　　那个西部来的男人展开了纸条。这张便条相当短。
　　“鲍勃：我准时到了约定的地点。你划火柴点雪茄时，我发现这就是芝加哥被警方通缉的那个罪犯的脸。无论如何，我自己不忍心逮捕你，所以我找了一位便衣警察来做这件事。吉米。”
　　 （改编自欧·亨利的同名短篇小说）
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.For what purpose did Bob travel to the West twenty years ago？（　　）
A.To make his fortune.
B.To meet his friend.
C.To enjoy the scenery.
D.To join the army.
2.What do we know about “Big Joe” Brady’s restaurant from the passage？（　　）
A.It was run by Bob and Jimmy together.
B.It was still in business after twenty years.
C.It was a famous restaurant in the neighbourhood.
D.It was the place where Bob and Jimmy had promised to meet.
3.What can be inferred from the man’s words about Jimmy？（　　）
A.He felt disappointed at not seeing Jimmy.
B.He firmly believed Jimmy was a reliable person.
C.He and Jimmy never contacted each other before.
D.Jimmy was too far away to arrive on time.
4.When did Jimmy know Bob was the criminal wanted in Chicago？（　　）
A.When Bob was arrested.
B.After they had a long chat.
C.When he saw Bob at the first sight.
D.When Bob struck a match to light his cigar.
5.What was Jimmy’s career？（　　）
A.He was a businessman.
B.He was a policeman.
C.He was a criminal.
D.He was a restaurant owner.
6.Why did the tall man turn up his collar to the ears？（　　）
A.Because it was too cold.
B.Because he didn’t want to see Bob.
C.Because he was afraid of seeing the policeman.
D.Because he didn’t want to be recognised by Bob.
7.What is Jimmy’s attitude towards Bob’s current situation？（　　）
A.Broken-hearted. B.Satisfied.
C.Indifferent. D.Optimistic.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
由barely联想-ly副词构词法
barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才“bare＋-ly”，表示一种程度。
后缀 用法及意义 例词
-ly 加在形容词之后 表示某种状态 cheerfully、slightly、simply、possibly、excitedly
表示某个方面 economically、technically
表示程度或范围 completely、deeply、highly
表示时间 recently、regularly、usually
表示次序 firstly、secondly
表示方向 eastwardly、northwardly
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
伏笔是文学创作中叙事的一种情节安排技巧，指作者对将要在作品中出现的人物或事件，预先作的提示或暗示。伏笔用得好，可使全文前后呼应，结构更严谨，情节发展更合理，前因后果更分明。
课文After Twenty Years的结尾既在意料之外，又在情理之中，这是因为作者在文中早就埋下了伏笔。请从课文中找出使用伏笔的句子。
（1）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
appointment n.约定，约会；任命，委托；职务
【教材原句】　It’s an appointment made twenty years ago.这是二十年前定下的一个约定。
【用法】
（1）make/have an appointment with sb　　　　　　　　　　　 　与某人约定/约会 keep/break an appointment 守/违（爽）约 （2）appoint vt. 安排，确定（时间、地点）；任命，委任 appoint sb as/to be ... 任命/委任某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 指定/委派某人做某事 （3）appointed adj. 约定的，指定的 at the appointed time/place 在约定的时间/地点
【佳句】　A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and never breaks an appointment.一个守时的人有在适当的时间做一件事的习惯，从不违约。
【点津】　appointment表示“约会”时，通常用作可数名词；表示“任命；任职”时，多为不可数名词。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Yesterday， Sam 　　　　　　　　（appoint） as manager of the engineering department.
②I was appointed 　　　　　　　　（take） charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
③At this time， the judge will appoint a court lawyer 　　　　　　　　（defend） the suspect if he can’t afford one.
④I regret to tell you that I can’t go for a walk together with you at the 　　　　　　（appoint） time this weekend.
【写美】　句式升级
⑤He was appointed as president of the university yesterday.He is giving a speech on the platform now.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he is giving a speech on the platform now.（分词作状语）
reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
【教材原句】　But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive， for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world.但是我知道如果吉米还活着就一定会来这里见我，因为他一直是这个世界上最真诚、最可靠的伙伴。
【用法】
（1）reliable sources　　　　可靠消息来源 reliable information 可靠的信息 reliable quality 质量可靠 （2）rely vi. 依赖，依靠，信赖 rely on/upon sb/sth 依靠/依赖/指望某人/某事 rely on/upon sb to do sth 依靠/依赖/指望某人做某事 rely on/upon it that ...　相信/指望……（it为形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语） （3）reliability n. 可靠性
【佳句】　Actually， he is an honest and reliable person， whom you can depend on.实际上，他是一个诚实、可靠的人，你可以信赖他。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①You can rely on 　　　　　　that he will stick to his own principles.
②Relying too much 　　　　　　computers makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
③Most working women have to rely on parents 　　　　　　　　（look） after their children.
④Everyone would agree that not all information on the Internet is 　　　　　　（rely）.
【写美】　句式升级
⑤You may rely on him to act like a decent guy.
→You may 　　　　　　　　　　he may act like a decent guy.（it作形式宾语）
worthwhile adj.值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉快的
【教材原句】　I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight， and it’s worthwhile if my old partner turns up.
我千里迢迢赶过来，就是为了今晚能站在这个门口，如果我的老伙计出现，那一切都是值得的。
【用法】
值得做某事 （2）be worthy （3）be worth
【佳句】　Though the book is a bit dear， it is worthwhile buying/to buy it.
虽然这本书虽然有点贵，但值得买。
【点津】　（1）worth一般用作表语，其前可用程度副词well修饰，不能用very修饰。be worth doing为主动形式表示被动意义；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
（2）worthy作定语修饰名词时，表示“值得尊敬的，值得敬仰的”，作表语时表示“值得（或应得）……的”。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①These stories in this column are worthy of 　　　　　　　　（read）， because they can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons.
②Even though you disagree with the principles， they are still worth 　　　　　　（listen） to.
【写美】　一句多译
③这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。
→The reference book 　　　　　　　　　　， because it is a great help for your study.（worth）
→The reference book 　　　　　　　　　　， because it is a great help for your study.（worthy）
→The reference book 　　　　　　　　　　　　　， because it is a great help for your study.（worthy）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 the reference book， because it is a great help for your study.（worthwhile）
suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象
【教材原句】　“As I suspected， you’re not Jimmy Wells，” he said， impatiently with anger.
“正如我所怀疑的，你不是吉米·韦尔斯，” 他愤怒且不耐烦地说道。
【用法】
（1）suspect （that）...　　怀疑/认为…… suspect ... of （doing/having done） sth 怀疑……（做了）某事 suspect sb/sth as/to be ... 怀疑某人/某物是…… （2）suspicious adj. 怀疑的；可疑的 be suspicious of/about 对……怀疑 （3）suspicion n. 怀疑，可疑；嫌疑
【佳句】　—Do you think she’ll have told them？
—I suspect not/so.
——你认为她会不会已经告诉他们了？
——我想不会/会的。
【联想】　用于“动词＋sb/sth＋of ...”结构的常用动词还有inform、advise、remind、cure、heal、warn、convince、accuse、relieve、rid、rob等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Anyone suspected 　　　　　　drunk driving should be stopped and take an alcohol test.
②If you see something 　　　　　　（suspect）， inform the police at once.
【写美】　句型转换/句式升级
③We suspect that he is ill， for we haven’t seen him for a long time.
→We 　　　　　　　　　　　　， for we haven’t seen him for a long time.
④Because she was suspected of being involved in the attempted murder， she was questioned by the police.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， she was questioned by the police.（过去分词短语作状语）
under arrest 被逮捕
【教材原句】　“You’ve been under arrest for ten minutes， ‘Silky’ Bob ...”
“你已经被捕十分钟了，‘滑头’鲍勃……”
【用法】
under attack　　　　受到袭击，受到攻击 under control 处于控制之下，被控制住 under threat 受到威胁 under pressure 在压力下，承受压力 under construction　　　　正在建设之中 under discussion 在讨论之中
【佳句】　The man was under arrest on suspicion of murder.
这个男人因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。
【练透】　根据汉语提示完成句子
①When an animal is 　　　　　　　　（受到攻击）， it can run away or fight back.
②The fire is still burning but it is 　　　　　　　　　　（被控制住） now.
③Tropical rainforests are 　　　　　　　　（受到威胁）because of global climate change and human activities.
④Put your hands in the air. You’re 　　　　　　　　（被逮捕了）.
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
keen adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于
【教材原句】　The light showed a pale face， with keen eyes， a square jaw and a little white scar near his right eyebrow.
火光映出他苍白的脸，他有一双锐利的眼睛，方下巴，右边眉毛附近还有一道小小的白色伤疤。
【用法】
be keen to do sth　 　渴望做某事 be keen on ... 喜爱；对……着迷/有兴趣 have a keen interest in ... 对……有强烈兴趣 have a keen eye for ... 对……有敏锐的眼光
【佳句】　She has a keen eye for talent.
她慧眼识才。
I got quite keen on the idea.
我对这个想法产生了极大的兴趣。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①They are keen 　　　　　　　　（get） the negotiating process back on the rails as soon as possible.
②She doesn’t likes Biology， but she’s very keen 　　　　　　Physics.
③He 　　　　　　　　　　　　politics and current affairs.
他对政治和时事极感兴趣。
lose contact失去联系
【教材原句】　Well， we kept in touch for a year or two， and then we lost contact.
哦，我们联络了一两年，然后就断了联系。
【用法】
（1）contact vt.　　　　 　联络，联系 n. 联系；接触 contact sb at ... 通过……与某人联系 （2）get in/make contact with 与……取得联系 lose contact with 与……失去联系 keep in contact with 与……保持联系 be in/out of contact with 与……有/没有联系
【佳句】　I got in/made contact with the soldier ten years ago， so we have stayed/kept in contact with each other for ten years.In my view， we will never lose contact with each other again.
我十年前和这位士兵取得联系，因此我们已经彼此联系十年了。 在我看来，我们再也不会失去联系了。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Whenever I have difficulty with my studies， 　　　　　　（contact） my teachers is what I will do first.
②Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact 　　　　　　someone who shares your interests.
【写美】　完成句子
③If you want to know more details about the activity， 　　　　　　　　　　　　 123456543@.
如果你想了解这个活动的更多细节，请通过123456543@联系李华。
④The Internet helps me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　my friends.
互联网帮助我与朋友们保持联系。
innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人
【教材原句】　How I wish he were innocent！我多么希望他是无辜的！
【用法】
（1）be innocent （of sth） ... ……是无辜的 an innocent child一个天真无邪的孩子 （2）innocence n. 天真；单纯；无罪 （3）innocently adv. 纯洁地；无罪地
【佳句】　Under the law， everyone is considered innocent until proved guilty.根据法律，所有人在证实有罪前都被认为是清白的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①“Have I done anything wrong？” she asked 　　　　　　（innocent）.
②He firmly believes that she is innocent 　　　　　　the crime.
③Her 　　　　　　（innocent） and frankness when being interviewed added to her appeal.
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：完全倒装句
【教材原句】　In the doorway of a store stood a man， with an unlit cigar in his mouth.
一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。
【用法】
常见的完全倒装的情况： （1）表示地点的介词短语置于句首强调地点概念，谓语动词为be、stand、lie、hang、come、walk、sit等不及物动词，且句子的主语是名词时。 （2）There be句型。其中be可以换为exist、lie、live、stand、remain等动词。 （3）副词here、there、now、then等置于句首，谓语动词是be、come、go等，且句子的主语是名词时。 （4）表示运动方向的副词in、out、up、down、away、off、back、over等置于句首，谓语动词是come、go、follow、rush、run、fly等表示运动的不及物动词，且句子的主语是名词时。
【品悟】　Out of the cave rushed a tiger.
一只老虎从山洞里冲出来。
Present at the concert were many famous actors.
很多著名的演员都出席了音乐会。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
【点津】　（1）在完全倒装句中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数保持一致。
（2）完全倒装句的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词，则用正常语序。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①Once upon a time there was a poor old fisherman， in front of whose house 　　　　　.
从前有一位贫穷的老渔夫，他的房子前面有一条河。
②In front of our school 　　　　　　　　　with a long history.
我们学校前面矗立着一座历史悠久的塔。
③Then 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at the end of the year.
年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。
④Once upon a time 　　　　　　　　　　　known by the name of Hua Tuo.
从前有个名医叫华佗。
⑤Our library lies in the centre of our school.Our library is between the garden and the teaching building.
→In the centre of our school 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（完全倒装句；非限制性定语从句）
⑥The teacher’s sweet voice came into the complete silence of the waiting class.
→Into the complete silence of the waiting class 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 1　Section Ⅰ
5 / 12UNIT 1　Honesty and responsibility
单元话题
　导入
　　本单元的话题是“诚信和责任”。通过本单元的学习，可以启发学生思考、分析、理解和领悟生活中的人与事，培养正直诚信的优秀品质，提升责任意识，树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，塑造良好的品格，弘扬中华民族优秀文化，传承优秀传统美德。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。truthful， virtue， responsible， reliable， principle
1.Honesty and responsibility are connected to good 　　　　　　.For example， when you make friends， you always keep your promises， and you are showing you’re a 　　　　　　person.
2.One important virtue that is admired in nearly every culture is honesty.Most people around the world prefer that others should be 　　　　　　to them.Another is responsibility — most people admire someone who is 　　　　　　.
3.It is necessary to educate students about the 　　　　　　of right and wrong behaviour.They help us make choices that bring benefits to ourselves and everyone else.
1 / 1Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
Taking responsibility
　　[1]Honoured guests， teachers and students， it is my pleasure and privilege① to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion②.
　　Students， the time has arrived for you to fully accept your passage③ into adulthood.[2]I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students into confident young adults， who sit before me today， ready to embrace④ the next phase⑤ of your lives. You must be both excited and anxious about the new experiences that are in store for⑥ you.[3]Don’t worry， for you are all responsible young people， well prepared and well equipped to successfully manage the challenges of the years ahead.
　　[1]it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to welcome ...and present ...。
　　[2]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词young adults；形容词短语ready to embrace the next phase of your lives作状语。
　　[3]for为并列连词，意为“因为，由于”； are all responsible ...， well prepared and well equipped ...是并列谓语。
　　At school， you have gradually understood the importance of a well-developed sense of responsibility⑦. You accept that you are responsible for⑧ your successes and your failures.[4]Hopefully， you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens⑨ you， but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.A ship without an anchor⑩ is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise ， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
　　[4]该句结构较复杂，treat responsibility后面接了两个由介词as引出的短语，由并列结构not ... but ...连接。每个as短语里又含有一个定语从句，that burdens you修饰a weight，而which will support your future development修饰a foundation。
　　As students， you must take your studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning. This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork， following your teachers’ guidance ， and of course， always aiming for academic excellence. However， your responsibilities go far beyond your studies.[5]As you go through your daily life， you will encounter many difficult situations where things may go wrong . Instead of being quick to blame others， analyse the problem， and if it is indeed your own fault ， be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it. This way， you practise the virtue of courage.[6]Always give your best in whatever you set out to do， however difficult that might be. This way， you practise the virtue of determination. Be honest by saying what you mean and by meaning what you say.This way， you practise the virtue of integrity .Taking responsibility in all aspects of your everyday life， therefore， will help build a strong character.
　　[5]As引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”；where引导定语从句，修饰抽象名词situations。
　　[6]whatever引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语；however引导让步状语从句。
　　Apart from personal development， assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment of society.Society is an organic whole， and as social beings， we have a responsibility to make a contribution.[7]You may have heard the story of a small boy who tried to save starfish left on the beach after a storm， by throwing them back into the sea.Passers-by told him that he was wasting his time， for he could not possibly save them all. [8]However， the boy was not discouraged ， believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved.As a result， the passers-by felt inspired and joined him in saving the starfish.Similarly， the little things you do can make a difference！For example， picking up garbage around your neighbourhood contributes to a cleaner environment.Reporting a speeding car helps ensure road safety.Being energy-efficient leads to savings of our precious natural resources.Doing volunteer work at a local nursing home brings love and warmth to the elderly.Just like the “starfish boy”， you may even inspire people around you to do the same， which is an added bonus .[9]Working together， we have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society.
　　[7]may have done结构表示对过去情况的推测；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a small boy；过去分词短语left on the beach after a storm作后置定语，修饰名词starfish；by throwing ... 为“by＋动词-ing形式”构成的介词短语，在句中作状语。
　　[8]动词-ing短语believing ...作伴随状语；第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ones。
　　[9]动词-ing短语Working together作状语。
　　[10]So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you.Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on you.[11]However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.”A man cannot be perfected without trials.[12]Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.I wish you every success in your adult life！
　　[10]so that引导结果状语从句。
　　[11]as引导非限制性定语从句；if not carved为条件状语从句的省略，完整句子应为if it is not carved。
　　[12]本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。
【读文清障】
①privilege n.荣幸；特殊利益vt.给予特权，特别优待
②on this special occasion
在这个特别的场合
③passage n.章节，段落；通道，走廊
④embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱
⑤phase n.阶段，时期
⑥in store （for sb） 即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（某人）
⑦a well-developed sense of responsibility 一种高度的责任感
⑧be responsible for 对……负责
⑨burden vt.使担负（沉重或艰难的任务、职责等）；负重
⑩anchor n.锚；给以安全感的人（或物）
vi.& vt.抛锚；使固定
mercy n.仁慈，宽恕
at the mercy of sb/sth
任……处置，对……无能为力
likewise adv.同样地；也，而且
take ...seriously 认真对待……
deadline n.最后期限，截止日期
guidance n.指导；导航
follow sb’s guidance 听从某人的指导
go far beyond 远远超过……，远远不止于……
encounter vt.遭遇；遇到（尤指令人不快或困难的事）
go wrong （情况）出岔子，出差错
instead of 而不是
fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点
virtue n.美德；正直的品性；优点
integrity n.诚实正直；完整，完好
betterment n.改进；改善；改良
organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的
starfish n.海星，星鱼
discouraged adj.灰心的
make a difference to ...
对……有影响，改变……
garbage n.垃圾；废话
contribute to 有助于，促进；对……作出贡献
lead to 导致，带来；通往
saving n.节省物，节省；储蓄金
bonus n.意外收获；奖金，红利
rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的
weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
jade n.玉，碧玉
be good-for-nothing
一无是处，不中用；无用之人
sow vt.& vi.（sowed， sown）播种，种
harvest n.收成，收获量；收获季节，收割
vt.& vi.收割，捕猎
【参考译文】
承担责任
　　尊敬的各位来宾、老师和学生们，我很高兴也很荣幸能够欢迎大家出席今天的典礼，并在这个特殊的时刻分享我的一些想法。
　　同学们，你们已经到了完全接受自己即将步入成年的时候了。我见证了你们从紧张的高一新生成长为自信的青年。今天，你们坐在我面前，准备好迎接你们生命的下一个阶段。对于即将到来的种种新体验，你们一定感到既兴奋又焦虑。不用担心，因为你们都是负责的年轻人，你们已经作好了充分的准备，能够成功应对未来的挑战。
　　在学校里，你们已经逐渐认识到具有高度责任感的重要性。你们明白你们应该为自己的成功和失败负责。希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。
　　作为学生，你们必须认真对待自己的学业，并且对自己的学习负责。这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上的卓越。然而，你们的责任远远不止学习。在日常生活中，你们会遇到许多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。与其急着责怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正。这样，你们就践行了勇气的美德。无论你们打算做什么，无论会有多困难，都要全力以赴去做。这样，你们就践行了决心的美德。心口如一，言出必行。这样，你们就践行了正直的美德。在你们日常生活的各个方面承担责任，如此一来，将有助于你们塑造坚强的品格。
　　除了个人发展，为自己的行为承担责任对社会进步也很重要。社会是一个有机的整体，并且作为社会的一员，我们有责任作出贡献。你们可能听说过一个小男孩的故事，他试图把风暴过后留在海滩上的海星扔回海里，以拯救它们。路过的人们告诉他，他是在浪费自己的时间，因为他不可能拯救所有的海星。然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。结果，路人们受到了启发，纷纷和他一起拯救海星。同样，你所做的一件件小事也能有所影响！ 例如，在你们的邻里周围清理垃圾有助于建设一个更加清洁的环境。举报一辆超速行驶的汽车有助于确保道路安全。节约能源就是节约我们宝贵的自然资源。在一家当地养老院做义工能给老人们带去爱和温暖。就像“海星男孩”一样，你们甚至可能激励你周围的人也这么做，这就是一项额外的收获。如果我们共同努力，我们就有能力逐步而持续地推动我们的社会进步。
　　所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一步吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有益的经历。有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。然而，正如中国谚语所说，“玉不琢，不成器。”一个人不经历考验就不可能完美。今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。祝福你们的成年生活一切顺利！
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Whom does the speaker deliver the speech to？（　　）
A.Teachers. B.Parents.
C.Senior 1 students. D.Senior 3 students.
2.How do we treat responsibility properly？（　　）
A.We can consider responsibility as a weight which burdens us.
B.We can consider responsibility as a foundation to support our future development.
C.We can consider responsibility as an obstacle to our future development.
D.We can consider responsibility as a challenge to our future development.
3.Which of the following statements is RIGHT？ （　　）
A.As students， we only need take responsibility in our studies.
B.When you admit your mistake bravely， you practise the virtue of determination.
C.You can practise the virtue of integrity by keeping on doing challenging tasks.
D.Taking responsibility contributes to building a strong character.
4.What does the word “betterment” in the fifth paragraph mean？（　　）
A.Improvement. B.Peace.
C.Stability. D.Harmony.
5.What does the story of a boy who threw the starfish back into the sea show？（　　）
A.It shows the starfish deserves saving.
B.It shows the importance of protecting the ocean.
C.It shows anyone can make a difference to the world.
D.It shows the boy is very brave and clever.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）动词＋-ing构成名词
①save→saving 节省物，节省；储蓄金
②understand→understanding 理解
③suffer→suffering 痛苦；苦难
④train→training 训练
⑤say→saying 谚语
⑥warn→warning 警告
⑦park→parking 停车
（2）表示负面情绪的动词-ed形式的形容词
①discouraged 灰心的，泄气的
②frustrated 受挫的，沮丧的
③worried 担心的
④annoyed 恼火的，生气的
⑤depressed 消沉的；沮丧的
⑥disappointed 失望的，沮丧的
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）类比：类比是通过比较两个事物之间的相似特征来论证其中较复杂的事物，这样可以把抽象的事物变得具体，把深奥的道理变得浅显。
请从课文中找出使用类比的句子。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）引用：文中使用了引用的修辞手法。在演讲稿中使用谚语或名人名言，可以增加文章的文采和说服力。
请从课文中找出使用引用的句子。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
mercy n.仁慈，宽恕
【教材原句】　A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。
【用法】
（1）beg/ask for mercy　乞求/请求宽恕 对……怜悯或宽恕 without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地 at the mercy of sb/sth　任……处置；对……无能为力 It is/was a mercy that ...　幸运的是…… （2）merciful adj. 宽大的，仁慈的 be merciful to/towards sb 对某人仁慈
【佳句】　At the mercy of the strong wind， the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn’t stand up straight.
在强风肆虐中，山顶上的小树根本无法挺立。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy 　　　　　　people who are in trouble.
②They asked her to be 　　　　　　（mercy） to the little girl.
③Having lost engine power， the crew on the boat found themselves 　　　　　　the mercy of the wind.
【写美】　句型转换
④It was lucky that she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue team arrived.（用mercy 改写）
→　　　　　　　　　she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue team arrived.
fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点
【教材原句】　Instead of being quick to blame others， analyse the problem， and if it is indeed your own fault， be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it.与其急着责怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正。
【用法】
（1）find fault with 对……吹毛求疵；挑……的错 be at fault 有过错；应当负责 be one’s fault 是某人的过错 find fault and make trouble　寻事惹非 （2）faulty adj. 不完美的，有缺陷的；有错误的 faultless adj. 完美无缺的；无缺点的；没有错误的
【佳句】　Life can be greater than before when you are not busy finding fault with it.
如果你不忙于挑剔生活，生活可以比以前更美好。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It is better to make an apology， even though the company is not 　　　　　　fault.
②There was not a single thing about her that one could find fault 　　　　　　.
③He’s proud of his children and blind to their 　　　　　　（fault）.
【写美】　完成句子
④You have been doing excellently and 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你一直做得很好，你的失败不是你的错。
discouraged adj.灰心的
【教材原句】　However， the boy was not discouraged， believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved.然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。
【用法】
（1）be/get discouraged　　　 变得灰心，泄气 （2）discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 （3）discouraging adj. 令人泄气的 discouragement n. 泄气；灰心；使人泄气的人或事物
【佳句】　His words were discouraging， which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人沮丧，这使许多人感到沮丧。
Do not let any failure discourage you， for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.
不要因任何失败而灰心，因为你永远不清楚自己离成功可能有多近。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①To his disappointment， his parents tried to discourage him 　　　　　　being an actor.
②It is really 　　　　　　（discourage） for us to stand in line for more than one hour and then be told that we can’t see the manager until tomorrow.
③The unfavorable reviews of his first novel were a great 　　　　　　（discourage） to him.
【写美】　翻译句子
④他发现自己非但没有泄气，反而充满了成就感。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
【教材原句】　Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on you.
有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。
【用法】
（1）weigh up　　　　权衡，斟酌 weigh up the pros and cons 权衡利弊 weigh sth against sth 认真考虑某事，权衡某事 （2）weigh （sb） down 使（某人）烦恼，使（某人）忧心忡忡；使（某人）负荷太重 （3）weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句
【佳句】　Something was weighing on her mind.她心事重重。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The responsibility of her new job weighed heavily 　　　　　　her mind.
②You’d better weigh 　　　　　　the pros and cons before settling on your choice.
③Those costs must be weighed 　　　　　　the environmental benefits.
【写美】　完成句子
④I must 　　　　　　　　to avoid any misunderstanding.
我必须字斟句酌以免发生误解。
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
deadline n.最后期限，截止日期
【教材原句】　This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork， following your teachers’ guidance， and of course， always aiming for academic excellence.
这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上的卓越。
【用法】
deadline for ...　　　　……的最后期限 meet/miss a deadline 按时/未按时完成 before the deadline 在最后期限之前
【佳句】　The deadline for applications is this Friday.
申请截止到本周五。
【练透】　完成句子
①They failed to 　　　　　　　　　　because their time was limited.
由于时间有限，他们没能如期完成。
②I hope we can finish this work 　　　　　　　　　　.
我希望我们能在最后期限之前完成这项工作。
guidance n.指导；导航
【用法】
（1）ask/look for some guidance　寻求一些指导 seek guidance from sb 向某人寻求指导 provide guidance 提供指导 under sb’s guidance＝under the guidance of sb 在某人的指导下 （2）guide vt.指导，引导 n.向导，导游 guide sb （to/through/around/sth） 给某人领路（或导游）；指引 （3）guided adj. 有向导的，有导游的
【佳句】　Under your expert guidance， we have had a better command of English than before and have achieved satisfactory results in recent examinations.在您的专业指导下，我们的英语比以前掌握得更好了，并在最近的考试中取得了令人满意的成绩。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He guided the chairwoman 　　　　　　the hall to attend the great wedding.
②The plan was drawn up under the chief engineer’s personal 　　　　　　（guide）.
③If it had not been 　　　　　　your guidance， I wouldn’t have won the prize.
【写美】　句式升级
④We were guided by a local guide and visited the splendid statue.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， we visited the splendid statue.（用with复合结构改写）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， we visited the splendid statue.（用独立主格结构改写）
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：not ...but ...不是……而是……
【教材原句】　Hopefully， you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you， but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.
希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。
【用法】
（1）not ...but ...连接两个并列的成分，表示意思上的转折，not后面接被否定的内容， but后面接被认可的事实。 （2）not ...but ...连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近谓语动词的名词，即遵循“就近一致”原则。
【品悟】　I work not because I have to， but because I want to.我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想工作。
【写美】　完成句子
①I realize the secret to success is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不在于你出生于何时何地，而在于你在生活中的所作所为。
②Not you but Tom 　　　　　　　　　　　because he is the manager of the department.
不是你而是汤姆要为这个错误负责，因为他是这个部门的经理。
句型公式：so that引导结果状语从句
【教材原句】　So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you.所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一步吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有益的经历。
【用法】
（1）so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”，主从句之间有时用逗号隔开。 （2）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中通常有may、might、can、could等情态动词，主从句之间不能用逗号隔开，意为“为的是……；以便于……”。 （3）so that引导目的状语从句时可以与in order that互换，但so that不能置于句首。
【品悟】　We are very interested in Kunming so that we have decided to pay a visit to the city.
我们对昆明很感兴趣，所以我们决定去参观一下这个城市。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
①The heavy rain lasted for about a week 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　until the next month.大雨持续了大约一周，结果运动会不得不推迟到下个月。
②While walking， John checked his smartphone， 　　　　　　　　　　　　into a tree.
约翰走路时看手机，结果撞到一棵树上了。
③He set out early so that he could arrive there in advance.
→He set out early 　　　　　　　　arrive there in advance.
→He set out early 　　　　　　　　arrive there in advance.
句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句
【教材原句】　Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。
【用法】
（1）“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。 （2）“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋not＋条件状语从句＋主句”。 （3）“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more、another、further、earlier等词。
【品悟】　Work hard and believe in yourself and you’ll succeed one day.
努力学习，相信自己，总有一天你会成功的。
【写美】　完成句子/一句多译
①　　　　　　　　　　　　 you’ll be really tired tomorrow.
现在上床睡觉吧，否则明天你会很累的。
②再给我一个小时，我就把工作做完了。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， and I’ll get the work finished.（祈使句）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， and I’ll get the work finished.（名词短语）
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 1　Section Ⅳ
4 / 11单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词写对
1.　　　　　　 n.钻石
2.　　　　　　 n.衣领；颈圈；圈，箍
3.　　　　　　 vt.概述，略述
n.概述；轮廓线，略图
4.　　　　　　 n.& vt.逮捕，拘捕
5.　　　　　　 vt.给（某人）打电报；接通（电源）
n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网
6.　　　　　　 n.罪犯
adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的
7.　　　　　　 n.病房
8.　　　　　　 n.矿物，矿物质
9.　　　　　　 adj.极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的
10.　　　　　　 adv.同样地；也，而且
11.　　　　　　 n.诚实正直；完整，完好
12.　　　　　　 n.垃圾；废话
13.　　　　　　 n.意外收获；奖金，红利
14.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.播种，种
Ⅰ.根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式
1.The film ended most satisfactorily： vice punished and v　　　　　　 rewarded.
2.Is it w　　　　　　 quarrelling with him over such a small matter？
3.She is said to be four i　　　　　　 shorter than her sister.
4.It is a shame for John to c　　　　　　 in the exam.
5.　　　　　　 （有机的） vegetables taste more delicious than those treated with chemical fertilizers.
6.We worked day and night so that we could meet the 　　　　　　（截止日期）.
7.Why should I say sorry when it’s not my 　　　　　　（过错）？
8.I want to withdraw 500 CNY from my 　　　　　　（储蓄金） account.
9.Activities all take place under the 　　　　　（指导） of an experienced tutor.
二、拓展词汇用活
1.　　　　　　 n.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务→appoint vt.安排，确定（时间、地点）；任命，委派→appointed adj.约定的，指定的
2.　　　　　　 adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依赖，依靠→reliability n.可靠性
3.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象→suspicious adj.怀疑的；猜疑的→suspicion n.怀疑，猜疑；嫌疑
4.　　　　　　 adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→illegally adv.非法地
5.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.辞职，辞去→resigned adj.逆来顺受的，顺从的；无可奈何的→resignation n.辞职；辞呈
6.　　　　　　 adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n.内疚，悔恨；犯罪，罪行；罪责，罪过
7.　　　　　　 adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n.羞愧；羞愧感；让人遗憾的事 vt.使羞愧；使丢脸
8.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除（债务）→forgiveness n.原谅，宽恕
9.　　　　　　 adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使人失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望；让人失望的人或事
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Henry was 　　　　　　as headmaster and wanted to tell his girlfriend the good news at the 　　　　　time， but she missed their 　　　　　　somehow.（appoint）
2.He is so 　　　　　　（rely） everyone here is fond of him.
3.In the USA， people who sneak 　　　　　　into the United States are called 　　　　　　immigrants， who， if caught， would be sent back to their home countries.（legal）
4.John had a 　　　　　　（guilt） look on his face because he didn’t hand in his work on time.
5.I feel very 　　　　　　（disappoint） that you are unable to support me on this project.
6.When you have done something wrong， admit it and ask for 　　　　　　（forgive）.
三、重点短语用准
1.　　　　　　　　 　　　拆毁，拆除
2.　　　　　　　 发财
3.　　　　　　　　 失去联系
4.　　　　　　　 臂挽着臂
5.　　　　　　　　 被逮捕
6.　　　　　　　　 任……处置，对……无能为力
7.　　　　　　　 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
Ⅲ.选用左栏短语并用其适当形式填空
1.The city will 　　　　　　　　the old building and create a park.
2.He left school early and went to a big city to 　　　　　　　　.
3.He was rather depressed after his unemployment and 　　　　　　　with his former colleagues.
4.The young couple walked away， 　　　　　　　　.
四、经典句式写美
1.句型公式：完全倒装句
教材原句：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （一个男人站在一家店门口）， with an unlit cigar in his mouth.
2.句型公式：“形容词/副词＋enough＋to do sth”结构
教材原句：Twenty years is a long time， but 　　　　　　　　　　（没有长到改变） the shape of a man’s nose.
3.句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句
教材原句：　　　　　　　　　　　　 （今天播下成功的种子） and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.On the ground 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
地上放着一些空调。
2.The ice on the river is 　　　　　　　　　　　　on it.
河上的冰厚得足够能在上面行走。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 you will have a good idea.
动动脑筋，你就会想出一个好办法。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
夯实素材储备·注重续写体验
情感描写 ①virtue n.美德；正直的品性；优点 ②guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 ③merciful adj.仁慈的，宽恕的 ④ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 ⑤disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 ⑥discouraged adj.灰心的
动作描写 ①bow n.蝴蝶结；弓 vi.鞠躬；低（头） ②forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除（债务） ③cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗 vi.作弊，舞弊 ④embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱
其他 burden n.（义务、责任等的）重担，负担
一、连词成句
　　根据教材语料中所给词汇及汉语提示翻译下列句子。
1.汤姆来自一个贫困家庭，他试图获得奖学金，以减轻家庭的经济负担。（并列句；非谓语动词）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.在奖学金的诱惑下，他在考试中作弊了，这使他陷入了极度痛苦中。（非限制性定语从句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.他觉得他应该用美德去美化自己的心灵。（宾语从句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.他决定把真相告诉老师。（非谓语动词）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.他一走进办公室，就向老师鞠了一躬，说：“我为我的所作所为感到羞耻，我只是……请原谅我……”（语言描写；时间状语从句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.他的眼泪涌了出来。（过去进行时）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
7.老师很仁慈。他理解汤姆并且原谅了他，而且紧紧地拥抱了他！（并列动词）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
二、连句成文
　　用适当的过渡词将上面的句子合并成一个小语段。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4 / 4学习讲义部分
UNIT 1　Honesty and responsibility
【单元话题导入】
1.virtues； reliable　2.truthful； responsible　3.principles
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.friend　2.appointment　3.realised　4.arrested　5.note
第二步
1－7　ADBDBDA
第三步
2.（1）The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar.The light showed a pale face， with keen eyes， a square jaw and a little white scar near his right eyebrow.His scarfpin was a large diamond， oddly set.
（2）“It has given me everything I asked it for.You’ve changed lots， Jimmy.I never thought you were tall by two or three inches.”
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①was appointed　②to take　③to defend　④appointed　⑤Appointed as president of the university yesterday
2.①it　②on/upon　③to look　④reliable　⑤rely on it that
3.①being read　②listening　③is worth buying； is worthy to be bought； is worthy of being bought； It is worthwhile buying/to buy
4.①of　②suspicious　③suspect him to be ill
④Suspected of being involved in the attempted murder
5.①under attack　②under control　③under threat
④under arrest
Part Ⅱ
1.①to get　②on　③takes a keen interest in
2.①contacting　②with　③please contact Li Hua at　④keep in contact with
3.①innocently　②of　③innocence
Part Ⅲ
　①lay a river　②stands a tower　③came the final awards ceremony　④there lived a doctor　⑤lies our library， which is between the garden and the teaching building
⑥came the teacher’s sweet voice
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）条件　（2）时间　（3）地点　（4）原因　（5）结果
（6）让步
即时演练1
①as/when 　②before　③until　④when/than
即时演练2
①If you’re interested in the Chinese folk art
②Wherever he went　③Now that/Since you’ve grown up
④unless she asks us to
即时演练3
①as/though　②However； how　③that　④if
⑤if/though
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①to　②from　③resignation　④handed in my resignation
2.①of　②shameful　③To　④a　⑤I’m ashamed to say that I lied to her.
3.①for　②forgiveness
③will forgive you for your being late
4.①disappointing　②to learn　③disappointment
④disappointed　⑤how disappointed she was
5.①to be　②to have known　③to be listening
④pretended not to know me
Part Ⅱ
　①about/at　②of
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
【典例体验·提素能】
第二步
核心词汇
1.inform sb of sth　2.truth　3.make a decision/decisions
4.acceptable　5.lose hope　6.make the situation worse
7.depend on　8.positive attitudes
遣词造句
1.If a patient is suffering an incurable illness， should he or she be informed of the truth？
2.Some students are against it.
3.They insist that the patients should be informed of the truth of their illness， so that they can make proper decisions according to their health.
4.Contrary to the above belief， some students hold the view that a white lie is acceptable.
5.They worry that once told about their condition， patients may lose their hope， and this will make the situation worse.
6.In my view， whether people should tell a white lie or not depends on what kind of person the patient is.
7.If the patient has a strong will to live and a positive attitude， telling them the truth will be helpful to the treatment.
第三步
1.Some students who are against it insist that the patients should be informed of the truth of their illness， so that they can make proper decisions according to their health.
2.They worry that once told about their condition， patients may lose their hope， which will make the situation worse.
第四步
　　If a patient is suffering an incurable illness， should he or she be informed of the truth？ Today our class have a discussion about it.
　　Some students who are against it insist that the patients should be informed of the truth of their illness， so that they can make proper decisions according to their health.Contrary to the above belief， some students hold the view that a white lie is acceptable.They worry that once told about their condition， patients may lose their hope， which will make the situation worse.
　　In my view， whether people should tell a white lie or not depends on what kind of person the patient is.If the patient has a strong will to live and a positive attitude， telling them the truth will be helpful to the treatment.But if the patient is the opposite， we had better not do so.
即时演练
Dear Anne，
　　I’m sorry to hear that you feel depressed now.What’s a white lie？ For instance， when someone cooks a meal for us that we dislike， we lie and say that the food is delicious.That is a white lie.
　　One main reason for telling a white lie is to make others feel better and another one is to give encouragement.If your friend asks you what you think of his singing， perhaps he wants some comments from you so that he can make himself improved gradually.But you may give him some encouragement and build up his confidence by telling a white lie.Besides， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news.Therefore， we may find white lies are well intended.So why not smile at a white lie？
Yours，
Li Hua
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.opening　2.speech　3.importance　4.responsibility
5.society　6.first step
第二步
1－5　DBDAC
第三步
2.（1）A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
（2）However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.”
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①on　②merciful　③at　④It was a mercy that
2.①at　②with　③faults　④your failure is not your fault
3.①from　②discouraging　③discouragement　④Instead of being discouraged， he found himself filled with a sense of achievement.
4.①on　②up　③against　④weigh my words
Part Ⅱ
1.①meet the deadline　②before the deadline
2.①to　②guidance　③for
④With a local guide guiding us； A local guide guiding us
Part Ⅲ
1.①not when or where you were born， but what you are doing　②is responsible for the mistake
2.①so that the sports meeting had to be put off
②so that he knocked　③in order to； so as to
3.①Go to bed now or
②Give me one more hour； One more hour
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.diamond　2.collar　3.outline　4.arrest　5.wire
6.criminal　7.ward　8.mineral　9.superb　10.likewise
11.integrity　12.garbage　13.bonus　14.sow
Ⅰ.1.virtue　2.worthwhile　3.inches　4.cheat　5.Organic　6.deadline　7.fault　8.savings　9.guidance
二、1.appointment　2.reliable　3.suspect　4.legal
5.resign　6.guilty　7.ashamed　8.forgive　9.disappointed
Ⅱ.1.appointed； appointed； appointment　2.reliable
3.illegally； illegal　4.guilty　5.disappointed
6.forgiveness
三、1.tear down　2.make one’s fortune　3.lose contact
4.arm in arm　5.under arrest　6.at the mercy of sb/sth
7.weigh on sb/sth
Ⅲ.1.tear down　2.make his fortune　3.losing contact
4.arm in arm
四、1.In the doorway of a store stood a man
2.not long enough to change
3.Sow the seeds of success today
Ⅳ.1.lay some air conditioners
2.thick enough to walk
3.Use your head and
夯实素材储备
一、1.Tom comes from a poor family， and he is trying to obtain a scholarship to reduce the financial burden on the family.
2.Tempted by the scholarship， he cheated in the exam， which plunged him into extreme pain.
3.He felt that he should decorate his soul with virtue.
4.He determined to tell his teacher the truth.
5.The moment he came into the office， he bowed to his teacher saying that “I am ashamed of what I did. I only ...Please forgive me ...”
6.His tears were welling up his eyes.
7.The teacher was merciful.He understood Tom， forgave him and embraced him tightly！
二、
　　Tom comes from a poor family， and he is trying to obtain a scholarship to reduce the financial burden on the family. Tempted by the scholarship， he cheated in the exam， which plunged him into extreme pain. He felt that he should decorate his soul with virtue. At last， he determined to tell his teacher the truth. The moment he came into the office， he bowed to his teacher saying that “I am ashamed of what I did. I only ...Please forgive me ...” Then his tears were welling up his eyes. The teacher was merciful.He understood Tom， forgave him and embraced him tightly！
UNIT 2　Understanding each other
【单元话题导入】
1.straightforward； encodes； mail　2.knowledgeable； tone　3.exchange
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.how　2.cycle　3.style　4.message　5.adjust
6.interactions
第二步
1－5　ADCCD
第三步
2.（1）Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver.
（2）What is their age or position？ What is their relationship with you？ What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have？
（3）For example， if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal， you should do it face to face， using formal language in a straightforward manner.
（4）Seek to understand the other person’s emotions， by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①reaction　②with　③against　④to　⑤how they react
2.①in　②into　③put yourself in my shoes/are in my shoes
3.①for　②in　③sympathetic
④Out of sympathy for the earthquake victims
4.①on　②for　③On　④take； into account/consideration
5.①of　②trying　③approval　④approving　⑤approved　⑥approve of her daughter going out
Part Ⅱ
1.①Not only the students but also the teacher was
②will all kinds of paper-cutting works be on display
③can practicing Chinese kung fu build up one’s strength
2.①did I realize　②can we spend
③can the children grow up
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）逗号　1、3　（2）逗号　2、4、5、6　that
即时演练1
①which　②who/that　③whose　④that　⑤that
⑥that/which
即时演练2
①when I first met him　
②where states were often at war with each other　
③why my favourite sport is playing basketball
即时演练3
①to which the Greens are devoted　②As is reported in the newspapers　③when/on which I was admitted into a university　④some of whom will offer help to him
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①to exercise/exercising　②surfing
③She prefers to walk to work rather than drive a car.
She would rather walk to work than drive a car.
2.①to visit/visiting　②is intended　③intention　④to study
⑤had intended　⑥intended for international students
3.①to/with　②corresponding　③correspondence
④we corresponded with each other
4.①to/towards　②behaviour　③on④behave myself before the guests
Part Ⅱ
①embarrassing　②embarrassed　③embarrassment④was very embarrassed to hear
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
【典例体验·提素能】
第二步
核心词汇
1.contribute to　2.Chinese economy　3.invest
4.do business with　5.communicate　6.long and rich culture
7.inspire sb to do sth　8.keep booming
遣词造句
1.It is true that more and more foreigners are learning Chinese.
2.There are two main reasons which can contribute to Chinese learning craze.
3.Firstly， with the development of Chinese economy， more and more foreigners would like to invest in China， do business with Chinese people and travel around China.
4.Of all these can be done better by communicating in Chinese.
5.The long and rich Chinese culture inspires foreigners to learn more about China.
6.It can be predicated that with the continuous development of China， the Chinese learning craze will keep booming.
第三步
1.There are three main reasons contributing to Chinese learning craze.
2.Firstly， with the development of Chinese economy， more and more foreigners would like to invest in China， do business with Chinese people and travel around China， all of which can be done better by communicating in Chinese.
第四步
Dear Tom，
　　It is true that more and more foreigners are learning Chinese.There are two main reasons contributing to Chinese learning craze.
　　Firstly， with the development of Chinese economy， more and more foreigners would like to invest in China， do business with Chinese people and travel around China， all of which can be done better by communicating in Chinese.The long and rich Chinese culture inspires foreigners to learn more about China.That is another reason for Chinese learning craze.
　　It can be predicated that with the continuous development of China， the Chinese learning craze will keep booming.
Yours，
Li Hua
即时演练
Dear Henry，
　　Our school will hold a cultural activity themed “The Beauty of Chinese Characters” in the stadium on Tuesday. I’m glad to invite you to attend it.
　　There are a lot of events in the activity， including watching movies about the development history of Chinese characters and writing ancient poems and so on. Participating in this activity will make you more interested in the Chinese language.As is known to all， the Chinese language is playing a very important role in the world. Learning it well will help us to have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
　　Hope you can be present at this activity on time！
Yours，
Li Hua
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Borrowed words　2.reasons　3.process　4.attitudes
5.Welcoming　6.gone out of style
第二步
1－5　DADCB
第三步
2.For example， English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language include “bacon”， “tank” and “golf”.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①into　②integration　③Writing about a topic helps you integrate new knowledge with what you already know.
2.①building　②to　③being treated　④firmly oppose/am firmly opposed to using disposable chopsticks
3.①to be trapped　②to/towards　③tend to decrease； have a tendency to decrease
Part Ⅱ
　①pessimistic　②pessimism　③are pessimistic about
Part Ⅲ
　①the harder； the more likely　②The more； the more interesting　③The more difficult； the less likely　④The more books； the more knowledge　⑤The fewer； the harder
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.enterprise　2.straightforward　3.friction　4.tone
5.gain　6.somewhat　7.intervention　8.pessimistic
9.linguist　10.canteen　11.contest
Ⅰ.1.slipped　2.mail　3.jam　4.accent　5.handwriting　
6.feedback　7.vocabulary　8.sympathy　9.obtain　
10.knowledgeable
二、1.react　2.gentle　3.competent　4.suit　5.approve
6.precisely 　7.preference　8.embarrassed　9.intention
10.correspond　11.behave　12.tolerate　13.recite
14.fluent　15.cooperate　16.reject　17.tendency
18.sincerely
Ⅱ.1.preference　2.fluency　3.rejected　4.embarrassment
5.intention　6.reaction　7.gently　8.precisely
9.suitable　10.approval　11.sincerely　12.cooperation
三、1.put yourself in sb’s shoes　2.account for sth
3.approve of　4.broaden one’s mind　5.function as
6.attract one’s attention　7.face to face　8.refer to
Ⅲ.1.accounts for　2.Putting yourself in their shoes
3.approve of　4.broaden your mind　5.function as
四、1.not only； but also
2.The longer； the more
3.It is also through those words that
Ⅳ.1.not only clever but also very humorous
2.The more； the greater
3.It was in China that
夯实素材储备
一、1.One day， a speech contest was held in a kindergarten.
2.The first one to come onto the stage was a beautiful and competent girl， whose name was Rose.
3.She recited a poem clearly，fluently and full of emotion， gaining warm applause.
4.Just at that moment， she slipped and fell down.
5.She felt embarrassed and pessimistic， and even wanted to give up.
6.I gave her a gesture， encouraging her to go on.
7.To my relief， she stood up and finished her speech successfully.
二、
　　One day， a speech contest was held in a kindergarten. The first one to come onto the stage was a beautiful and competent girl， whose name was Rose. She recited a poem clearly， fluently and full of emotion， gaining warm applause. Just at that moment， she slipped and fell down.She felt embarrassed and pessimistic， and even wanted to give up.I gave her a gesture， encouraging her to go on. To my relief， she stood up and finished her speech successfully.
UNIT 3　Careers and skills
【单元话题导入】
1.salary； earning a living　2.attained； prejudice； lawyers； servants　3.consideration； career
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.earning　2.attained　3.personal growth　4.health
5.make a life
第二步
1－5　ACBDC
第三步
2.At the most basic level， different types of jobs are like gears in a machine.They work to ensure that the machine we call “society” functions properly.
①The Sun is burning the Earth like fire.
②I reached out to touch her face， which was as cold as the ice.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①of　②fondly　③with　④on　⑤I’ve always been fond of poetry
2.①receiving　②anticipation　③in　④It is anticipated that
3.①on　②operator　③operation　④come/go into operation in May this year
Part Ⅱ
　①for　②with　③passionate　④be full of passion
Part Ⅲ
1.①whoever/no matter who you are talking to　②No matter what you say　③No matter which road you take
④Whenever I’m in trouble
2.①it no good reading in bed　②feel it pleasant to work
③makes it possible for us to travel around the world
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）名词　that　（2）主语　宾语　同位语　表语　（3）it
即时演练1
①that　②that　③whether　④that　⑤if/whether　⑥that
即时演练2
①whatever　②how　③When　④what　⑤who
⑥Whichever　⑦whoever　⑧whose　⑨where　⑩whom
即时演练3
①it　②when　③that　④whether　⑤It
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
【典例体验·提素能】
第二步
核心词汇
1.dream of　2.chef　3.meet people’s taste
4.advantage　5.broad horizons　6.create new tasty food
7.realize one’s dream　8.passion
遣词造句
1.I dream of being a chef in the future.
2.The chef makes various delicious foods to meet people’s taste.
3.I have some advantages to be a chef.
4.On the one hand， my experiences of travelling to different places provide me with broad horizons of food culture.
5.On the other hand， creating new tasty food brings me a lot of fun.
6.However， it’s not so easy to realize my dream.
7.In order to be a top-class chef， I will need to work hard to learn more knowledge and keep on trying more.
8.With my great passion and efforts， I believe I can have a bright future！
第三步
1.I dream of being a chef in the future， who makes various delicious foods to meet people’s taste.
2.On the one hand， it is my experiences of travelling to different places that provide me with broad horizons of food culture.
第四步
My Career Plan
　　I dream of being a chef in the future， who makes various delicious foods to meet people’s taste. I have some advantages to be a chef. On the one hand， it is my experiences of travelling to different places that provide me with broad horizons of food culture. On the other hand， creating new tasty food brings me a lot of fun. However， it’s not so easy to realize my dream. In order to be a top-class chef， I will need to work hard to learn more knowledge and keep on trying more.
　　With my great passion and efforts， I believe I can have a bright future！
即时演练
Dear Sir or Madam，
　　I am Li Hua， a college student.Knowing that volunteers are needed to teach foreigners Chinese， I am writing to apply for this position.
　　I’m convinced that I will be the right person for the position.To start with， not only do I have a good knowledge of Chinese， but I’m also fluent in English， which enables me to communicate with foreigners more easily.In addition， I’m quite familiar with some traditional Chinese arts like paper-cutting and calligraphy， thus giving me an opportunity to introduce Chinese culture to foreigners.Therefore， I think I’m qualified and suitable for the position.
　　I would appreciate it if you could give me the chance.Looking forward to your early reply.
　　 Yours，
Li Hua
【核心知识·巧突破】
　①to take　②for　③qualified　④qualifications
⑤am qualified for this job
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.what to do　2.job interview　3.before　4.during　5.after
6.one step closer
第二步
1－5　DACBA
第三步
2.（1）Asking questions not only gives you a better picture of the company， but also allows you to address any strengths you weren’t able to bring up naturally. For example， “Japanese was a minor subject I took and I know that expanding into Japan is part of your corporate plan.Will this position provide opportunities to work in emerging markets there？”
（2）①处于有利地位，有优势　②熟能生巧
③早起或早到的人　④全力以赴　⑤理想的彼岸
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①to join　②Applying yourself to the job in hand； Apply yourself to the job in hand， and you’ll soon finish it.
③There were over 500 applicants for the job.
2.①to　②priority　③to　④prior to planting
3.①relevance　②relevantly　③to
④turn in the relevant materials
Part Ⅱ
　①telling　②for　③to inform us in advance of his delay
Part Ⅲ
1.①what to do to keep calm　②which to buy hasn’t been decided yet　③how to cut paper
2.①when exercising　②as if painted yesterday
③When asked why he came here
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.attain　2.fond　3.prejudice　4.consultant　5.budget
6.loan　7.client　8.institute　9.label　10.profile
11.criterion　12.shave　13.mode　14.infer　15.genuine
16.duration　17.premier　18.convey
Ⅰ.1.servants　2.hire　3.salary　4.delay　5.lawyer
6.swing　7.rainbow　8.candidates　9.seize
10.temporary　11.labour　12.superior　13.justify
二、1.passion　2.anticipate　3.operate　4.commercial
5.detective　6.qualification　7.applicant　8.prior
9.refreshed　10.rude　11.relevant　12.firm　13.corporate
Ⅱ.1.operation　2.anticipated　3.firmly　4.qualified
5.applicants； applied； application　6.relevant
7.refreshed　8.rudely　9.commercial　10.Detectives　11.corporation
三、1.earn a living　2.be fond of　3.comfort zone　4.weigh up
5.put sth on the line　6.swing into action　7.gain the upper hand　8.prior to　9.for the duration　10.put one’s best foot forward　11.in the direction of　12.adapt to　13.be satisfied with　14.look back on　15.make a list of　16.set off
Ⅲ.1.weigh up　2.gain the upper hand　3.are fond of
4.put your best foot forward　5.for the duration
6.look back on　7.set off　8.make a list of
四、1.Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be
2.makes it necessary for us to keep up and develop new skills
3.what to do
4.When answering
Ⅳ.1.Whatever happens
2.makes it difficult for us to hear
3.how to get there
4.Although/Though built
夯实素材储备
一、1.Amy is fond of painting and her ambition is to be a great painter.
2.Her parents’ divorce put her dream on the line.
3.Having weighed up the pros and cons， she decided to earn a living by herself to help her mother support her family.
4.She dropped out of school and she was hired by a firm as a clerk.
5.She is determined not to give up her dream and in her spare time， she will stick to painting and put her best foot forward to achieve her goal.
二、
　　Amy is fond of painting and her ambition is to be a great painter. But her parents’ divorce put her dream on the line. Having weighed up the pros and cons， she decided to earn a living by herself to help her mother support her family. So she dropped out of school and she was hired by a firm as a clerk. But she is determined not to give up her dream and in her spare time， she will stick to painting and put her best foot forward to achieve her goal.
UNIT 4　Never too old to learn
【单元话题导入】
1.self-worth； verbal　2.inquire； cease
3.bound； educator； wisdom
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.understand　2.rapidly　3.environments　4.knowledge　5.mind　6.opportunities　7.improvement　8.cease
第二步
1－5　DDCBA
第三步
2.（1）Also， as the great educator Confucius stated， “When you know a thing， to recognize that you know it； and when you do not know a thing， to recognize that you do not know it—that is wisdom.”
（2）①Indeed， you may one day do jobs that do not yet exist， use technologies that are not yet developed and resolve problems that are not yet problems！
②Therefore， know what you know and use it； know what you do not know and embrace it； know that you will never know all there is to know and wonder at it.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①for　②in　③by　④with　⑤are bound to favour you
2.①resolution　②resolved　③resolved an early start； resolved on making an early start/to start early； made a resolution to start early
3.①with　②refreshment　③refreshed　④refreshing
⑤make us refreshed
4.①of　②into
③Whenever a customer would inquire about my book
5.①assumption　②It　③to be　④that
⑤Assuming （that） you are interested in it
Part Ⅱ
　①to　②subscription　③for
④subscribed to the view that
Part Ⅲ
1.①to be held the next day　②have anything to be taken to your son　③the only artist to achieve four number ones　④have the opportunity to ask any questions
2.①It was his best friend that/who　②Was it in the park that　③What was it that　④it was not until the early 19th century that
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1、2　4　3、5　6
即时演练1
①SV　②SVA　③SVO　④SVP　⑤存现句　⑥SVOA　⑦SVOO
即时演练2
①but　②and　③and　④while　⑤so
即时演练3
①where the Yangtze River and the Han River meet
②Because I like it　③Whatever/No matter what I suggest　④as if/though nothing had happened　⑤when we’ll go to the zoo， but he doesn’t know
【核心知识·巧突破】
　①Occupied　②occupation　③Occupying themselves （in） making and selling popcorn； Occupied （in） making and selling popcorn
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
【典例体验·提素能】
第二步
核心词汇
1.as Bacon said　2.broaden our horizons
3.call on sb to do sth　4.be accessible to
5.make it convenient for sb to do sth
6.prefer　7.be supposed to　8.swing into action
遣词造句
1.As Bacon said， reading makes a full man.
2.Reading can not only broaden our horizons， but also make us clever and happy.
3.I am writing to call on all of you to read more.
4.Smartphones are easily accessible to people， and make it convenient for the young to read online.
5.Seniors prefer to read/show preference for these printed books.
6.You all are supposed to find a way to read.
7.Whatever book you like， and wherever you get it， it is of equal benefit as long as the book is of nutrition and suitable to read.
8.It’s time for you all to swing into action， ready to read more books.
第三步
1.Not only can reading broaden our horizons， but it also makes us clever and happy.
2.Smartphones are easily accessible to people， making it convenient for the young to read online.
3.These printed books are what seniors prefer to read/show preference for.
4.It’s time that you all swung into action， ready to read more books.
第四步
　　As Bacon said， reading makes a full man.Not only can reading broaden our horizons， but it also makes us clever and happy， so I am writing to call on all of you to read more.
　　With technology developing， smartphones are easily accessible to people， making it convenient for the young to read online， while these printed books are what seniors prefer to read/show preference for.Therefore， you all are supposed to find a way to read.Whatever book you like， and wherever you get it， it is of equal benefit as long as the book is of nutrition and suitable to read.
　　It’s time that you all swung into action， ready to read more books.
即时演练
Good morning， dear friends，
　　The advance of new technologies has changed our reading habits， but we still need libraries in the digital age.Here are the reasons.Firstly， in libraries we can search published books for more reliable information because we cannot make sure the information we find online is accurate.Secondly， in libraries we can enjoy not only comfortable seats but also a quiet space for deep thinking.Besides， when many people still don’t have access to the Internet， libraries are there for every individual in the community， free of charge.
　　To sum up， even in the digital age， libraries still have their advantages.
　　Thanks for your listening！
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.graduation　2.certificate　3.campus　4.assignment
5.projects　6.professor　7.preparation　8.ready
第二步
1－5　ABCDD
第三步
2.（1）I was happy and relieved， yet worried and anxious about the future.What was my first job going to be like？ This short walk was going to launch me into a whole new world.How would I manage？ Would I be able to carve out a career for myself？
（2）The campus was alive with people.Anxious parents and excited students were talking in small groups， carrying suitcases or walking in and out of dormitory buildings.I wondered if the first day of school was always such a circus.I took a deep breath and carried on into the heart of the campus.Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①composer； compositions
②is composed of； is made up of； consists of
2.①reference　②referring　③as
④is not allowed to refer to the notes
Part Ⅱ
1.①before he found water　②before you forget it
③had not waited long before　④It was not long before
⑤Before I could think of a reply　⑥It was three days before　⑦it’ll still be some time before
2.①did I have　②did they actually break
③had David arrived at the finish line when
④Never have I heard such a strange thing
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.bound　2.objective　3.concrete　4.reasoning
5.prospect　6.institution　7.tablet　8.certificate
9.breast　10.dormitory　11.sneeze　12.draft　13.polish
14.cafeteria
Ⅰ.1.blank　2.abstract　3.paragraphs　4.composition
5.librarian　6.mature　7.curtains　8.drawer　9.motor　10.laptop
二、1.educator　2.resolve　3.refresh　4.criticize　5.inquire
6.register　7.subscribe　8.comprehension
9.assumption　10.occupation　11.qualify　12.competence　13.random　14.tight　15.reference　16.presentation
Ⅱ.1.qualified　2.refreshed　3.tightly　4.education
5.registration　6.comprehension　7.competence
8.occupies； occupation　9.assumed； assumption
10.presentations； presented　11.inquired； inquiries
12.reference； refer
三、1.be bound to　2.keep pace with sb/sth　3.subscribe to
4.in a flash　5.compose oneself　6.bounce ideas off sb
7.point out　8.reflect on　9.be responsible for
Ⅲ.1.are bound to　2.keep pace with　3.subscribe to
4.point out　5.reflect on
四、1.The ability to admit this
2.make yourself open to new knowledge and ideas
3.when I would walk out onto the stage to receive my degree certificate
4.Before I knew it
Ⅳ.1.his ability to do the job
2.make me nervous
3.when I reunite with you
4.before I go out
夯实素材储备
一、1.Having been told his father passed away，Tony’s mind went blank in a flash.
2.Regret and shame occupied him， tears streaming into his eyes.
3.He criticized himself for his previous naughty behaviour.
4.Gradually， he composed and refreshed himself.
5.He resolved to study hard to get a certificate earlier to help Mom earn money and support his family.
6.His professor and roommates believed he was bound to achieve his objective.
二、
　　Having been told his father passed away， Tony’s mind went blank in a flash. Regret and shame occupied him， tears streaming into his eyes. He criticized himself for his previous naughty behaviour. Gradually， he composed and refreshed himself. He resolved to study hard to get a certificate earlier to help Mom earn money and support his family.His professor and roommates believed he was bound to achieve his objective.
1 / 3Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
状语从句复习
阅读下列句子并体会加黑部分连词的用法。
1.He knew that if he came back， he could help advance science in China.
2.When he had to go away on business， he always chose the midnight flight so that he did not miss any work in the daytime.
3.Huang excelled where he was working and made substantial contributions to his country.
4.Since he spent so much time on work， he was unable to see his family very often.
5.In fact， he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health.
6.Although he spent many years in the UK，Huang’s heart never left his homeland.
【我的发现】
（1）句1是 　　　　状语从句；
（2）句2是 　　　　状语从句；
（3）句3是 　　　　状语从句；
（4）句4是 　　　　状语从句；
（5）句5是 　　　　状语从句；
（6）句6是 　　　　状语从句。
　　状语从句在主从复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开；放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用一般可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句和地点状语从句九种。
一、时间状语从句
1.when、while与as引导的时间状语从句
连词 从句谓语动词 用法
when 延续性动词或非延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生，意为“一边……一边……；随着”
When I was at school， I loved history.
我上学时就喜欢历史。
While I played the piano， my elder sister did her homework.
我弹钢琴时，姐姐做她的家庭作业。
As it gets warmer and warmer， the trees begin to come to life.
随着天气越来越暖和，树木开始有了生机。
2.before与since引导的时间状语从句
连词 词义 常用句式
before 在……之前；还未……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及…… it will be＋一段时间＋before ...“过……（时间）才……”
it won’t be long before ... “不久就……”
it was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了……（时间）才……”
since 自从……以来 it is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...（从句用一般过去时）“自从……以来已经有……（时间）了”
It will be half a year before I come back.
要过半年我才能回来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.
用不了多久我们就会再见面。
It was three days before he came back.
三天后他才回来。
It is/has been ten years since the criminal was arrested.
那名罪犯被捕已经十年了。
3.表示“一……就……”含义的词（短语）引导的时间状语从句
（1）引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as、the moment、the minute、the instant、immediately、directly、instantly、hardly/scarcely ...when、no sooner ...than ...等。
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.
吃完早饭，我将立即到那里去。
We will leave the minute you are ready.
你一准备好，我们就出发。
（2）在hardly/scarcely ...when、no sooner ...than ...中，主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner ...和hardly/scarcely ...置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就哭了。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
我们刚到火车站火车就开走了。
4.until与till引导的时间状语从句
（1）until与till引导时间状语从句的区别
连词 位置 用法
until 可以放在句首 not ...until可用于强调句
till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句
We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河边散步，一直走到天黑。
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.
直到教授来了，我们才开始实验。
（2）not until置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.
直到看到礼物她才感到高兴。
（3）until/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词；用于否定句时，表示“直到……才”，主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。
They waited until/till I returned.
他们一直等着，直到我回来。
He didn’t know anything about it until/till I told him.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
5.引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词（短语）
（1）其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）还有after、whenever、every time、each time、next time、the first/last time、any time、by the time、the day/year等。
Every time I express an opinion， she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
（2）by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。
By the time you come back， we will have finished the job.
到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。
By the time we got there， the rain had stopped.
我们到那里时，雨已经停了。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①Over time， 　　　　　　the population grew， people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
②If you miss this chance， it may be years 　　　　　　you get another one.
③As far as I know， it is not 　　　　　　he returns home every evening that his mother will go to bed.
④Hardly/No sooner had we got to the destination 　　　　　　we set out to do some volunteer work there.
二、地点状语从句和条件状语从句
1.地点状语从句
地点状语从句常由where、 wherever等引导，从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。where与wherever 意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。
Where there is a will， there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Put the money wherever we can see it.
把钱放在任何我们能看见的地方。
2.条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词（短语）有if、only if、unless、as/so long as、in case、once、on condition that、provided/providing （that）、supposing/suppose （that）、assuming that等。
You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.
除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
Supposing that they refuse us， who else can we turn to for help？
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁呢？
3.在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。
In case there is a fire， what will we do first？
万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？
三、原因状语从句和目的状语从句
1.because/as/since/now （that）引导的原因状语从句
连词（短语） 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调
because 主句前或后 直接原因 强 能 能
as 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能
since/now （that） 通常位于主句前
The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.
那位老人让露西坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着他的妻子坐。
I can’t go with you， as I have a lot of work to do.
我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。
Now that/Since everyone is here， we can begin our discussion.
既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。
2.in order that 引导的目的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。目的状语从句中常含有can、could、may、might等情态动词。
My old father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that he might keep up with times.
我的老父亲六十岁时开始学习电脑，以便跟上时代的步伐。
3.for fear that/in case引导目的状语从句时，从句一般要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“（should＋）动词原形”。
He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he （should） forget it.
他把名字写下来以免忘记。
【即时演练2】　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， please e-mail me.
如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请发邮件给我。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　， he carried a notebook around with him.
不管走到哪里，他都随身携带一个笔记本。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， you must learn to stand on your own two feet.
你既然已经长大成人，就必须学会独立生活。
④She’s very strict — we don’t dare to say a word 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
她很严厉——如果她不要求，我们连一句话也不敢说。
四、结果状语从句
1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that、so ...that ...、 such ...that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ...that ...、such ...that ...引导的句子中的that可以省略，其结构为：
so＋＋that从句
such＋＋that从句
Everybody lent a hand so that the work was finished ahead of time.
由于大家帮忙，所以工作提前完成了。
Our English teacher explains English grammar so clearly that all the students can understand it.
我们的英语老师把英语语法解释得如此清晰，以至于所有的学生都能理解。
There are so many things in the shop that it is difficult to know what to buy.
商店里的东西太多，不知道买什么好。
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.
＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.
迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。
2.为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such之后，that之前的内容置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.
他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于能够解出所有难题。
五、让步状语从句
1.although、though、as与while引导的让步状语从句
（1）although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序； as也可以引导让步状语从句，常用于倒装句型，即要把从句中作表语的名词或形容词、作状语的副词或作谓语的实义动词置于句首，若表语是单数可数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Although/Though he may be troubled， he always presents a calm smiling face.
尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。
Much as/though I have traveled， I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。
Child as/though he was， he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，他却帮助我很多。
Try as/though he might， he could not open the door.
不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。
（2）although与though都可以与yet、still连用，但不能和but连用。
（3）while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
While I admit that there are problems， I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。
2.even if与even though引导的让步状语从句
even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。
I’ll do it， even if/though it takes me all the afternoon.
我要做这件事，即使它花去我整个下午的时间。
3.“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句
（1）“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋-ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。
Don’t trust him， no matter what/whatever he says.
无论他说什么都不要相信他。
（2）whoever、whatever、whomever、whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。
4.whether ...or （not） ...引导的让步状语从句
We’ll go on with the work， whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.
不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。
六、其他状语从句
状语从句类型 从属连词
方式状语从句 as、 as if、as though
比较状语从句 as ...as、not as/so ...as、比较级＋than
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
He is taller than any other student in our school.
他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①Poor 　　　　　　they are， they still do their best to help those homeless children.
②　　　　　　/No matter 　　　　　　angry you feel， you shouldn’t shout at your children.
③He earned so little money 　　　　　　he couldn’t support his family.
④He acted as 　　　　　　he hadn’t heard any of it.
⑤Even 　　　　　　I were in your place， I wouldn’t take the job.
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；听任，顺从
【教材原句】　Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun.最终，他辞去了在英国的职位，回到中国，在长春的吉林大学工作。
【用法】
（1）resign from　　　　　从……辞职 resign as 辞去（某职务） resign one’s post/position 辞职 resign oneself to 听任，顺从，只好接受，使自己安于…… （2）resignation n. 辞职；辞呈；辞职信 a letter of resignation 一封辞职信
【佳句】　He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.他从这家公司辞职以便能够从事更有挑战性的工作。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①At sixteen， I resigned myself 　　　　　　the fact that I’d never be a dancer.
②Ten years ago， he resigned 　　　　　　a company in Beijing and went to Shenzhen to set up his own company.
③Yesterday Mr Smith went into the manager’s office with a letter of 　　　　　　（resign）.
【写美】　完成句子
④I 　　　　　　　　　　　　this morning.
我今天上午提交了辞职信。
ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
【教材原句】　I was so ashamed of myself.我为自己感到羞愧。
【用法】
（1）be/feel ashamed of sb/sth　　　　为某人/某事感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth 耻于做某事；因惭愧而不情愿做某事 （2）shame n.　　羞愧；羞愧感；让人遗憾的事 vt. 使羞愧；使丢脸 to one’s shame　　　　令某人惭愧的是 it’s a shame that/to do ... 真可惜…… （3）shameful adj. 可耻的；丢脸的 shameless adj. 无耻的；没廉耻的
【佳句】　She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.
她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We are often ashamed 　　　　　　our shortcomings， our mistakes and our failures.
②It is 　　　　　　（shame） to break school rules from time to time.
③　　　　　　 her shame， she gained back all the weight she’d lost.
④That is the only French phrase I mastered， and it’s 　　　　　　shame that I don’t have much use for it.
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。（ashamed）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
forgive vt.& vi.（forgave， forgiven） 原谅，宽恕；免除（债务）
【教材原句】　I hope my fans can forgive me.我希望我的粉丝们能原谅我。
【用法】
（1）forgive sb sth　　　　原谅某人某事 forgive one’s doing sth 原谅某人做了某事 forgive sb for （doing） sth原谅某人（做了）某事 forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌，不念旧恶 （2）forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕 ask/beg/pray for （sb’s） forgiveness 请求/祈求（某人的）宽恕
【佳句】　I’ll never forgive her for what she did.我绝不会原谅她做的事。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Forgive me 　　　　　　interrupting， but I really don’t agree with that.
②Guilty and ashamed， he came into his teacher’s office to beg for his 　　　　　　（forgive）.
【写美】　完成句子
③Although Chinese families 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I suggest you should arrive on time.虽然中国家庭会原谅你迟到，但我建议你要准时到达。
disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
【教材原句】　Frankly speaking， I was disappointed but I smiled as broadly as I could.
说实话，我是失望的，但我还是尽量让自己笑容满面。
【用法】
（1）be disappointed at/by sth　对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb 对某人感到失望 be disappointed to find/see/hear ...失望地发现/看到/听说…… （2）disappointing adj. 令人失望的，令人沮丧的 （3）disappoint vt. 使人失望 （4）disappointment n. 失望；让人失望的人或事 in disappointment 失望地 to one’s disappointment 使某人失望的是
【佳句】　They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game.
他们对比赛结果极为失望。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①His refusal to come to our English evening party was very 　　　　　　（disappoint）.
②We were all disappointed 　　　　　　　　（learn） that the picnic had been cancelled.
③To his great 　　　　　　（disappoint）， his car broke down on the way to the beach.
④There was a 　　　　　　（disappoint） look on David’s face when he knew he didn’t pass the driving test.
【写美】　完成句子
⑤She tried her hardest not to show 　　　　　　　　　.她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。
pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
【教材原句】　Then I walked away， pretending not to have heard anything.
然后我走开了，假装什么也没听到。
【用法】
pretend to be＋名词/形容词　假装是…… pretend to do sth 假装要做某事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth 假装已做过某事 pretend （to sb） that 假装……
【佳句】　She opened a book， pretending to read， with tears dropping on the open page.
她打开一本书，假装在看书，眼泪掉在打开的那一页上。 （读后续写之心理描写）
【点津】　pretend后接动词不定式时，一定要注意动词不定式时态的变化。根据句意可用一般式、进行式或完成式。类似用法的动词还有happen、appear、seem、claim等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She pretended 　　　　　　　　（be） dead when she met a bear and succeeded in escaping from being attacked.
②In order not to be punished， he pretended 　　　　　　　　（know） the answer to the maths problem already.
③She pretended 　　　　　　　　（listen） to the manager， but actually she was thinking about something else.
【写美】　句式升级
④She pretended she didn’t know me when we met in the street， which really upset me.
→She 　　　　　　　　　　　　when we met in the street， which really upset me.
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
【教材原句】　Lily was not happy about the photos， though.“I was feeling guilty because I was cheating my fans，” she said.
不过，莉莉对这些照片并不满意。“我感到内疚，因为我欺骗了我的粉丝，”她说。
【用法】
（1）feel guilty about/at　　　对……感到内疚 （2）be guilty of （doing） sth 犯有……错误的；犯有……罪行的
【佳句】　I still feel guilty about things I said to my mother when I was a teenager.我至今还在为我十几岁时对妈妈讲的话感到内疚。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I feel really guilty 　　　　　　forgetting her birthday again.
②The evidence shows that the man is guilty 　　　　　　robbing the bank.
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 1　Section Ⅱ
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