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文体篇 高频考查四　
专题强化训练
专题强化训练16　说明文和议论文
A
(2024·江苏三模)If you think you haven't got what it takes to achieve your goals, you must remember that hard work beats talent every time!
______________ is the natural ability or capacity to perform a function. When you _____________ talent in an area, you are gifted with the “knack (诀窍)” or “instinct” needed to perform a skill or _____________ a specific quality. But this only means you have the “_____________ qualities”. So, you have the equipment or tools needed to perform the skills.
B．Talent
A.possess
C．display
D．raw
According to a study by Angela Duckworth, a leading researcher, hard work and ______________ are more important _____________ of success than talent.
Duckworth found that ______________ who showed more grit (defined as perseverance and passion for long term goals) were more likely to achieve their _____________ than those who were simply talented but lacked the _____________ drive to succeed.
A.perseverance
C．predictors
B．individuals
A.objectives
B．necessary
However, ______________ you learn how to efficiently use, manage, and control these resources, you cannot perform or use your talents at the highest levels. This is where “hard work” ______________. “Hard work” applied to your natural talents and instincts will take you to levels others may never ______________ . But talent alone will not do it...you must ______________ your “talents” through “hard work”—practice, training, and exerting effort.
C．until
B．steps in
D．attain
D．perfect
If you do not _____________ to gain experience, education, and training as it relates to your talent, your ______________ ability will not shine. Soon, others will surpass your accomplishments. Hard work beats talent.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于努力和才能之间的关系，强调了即使缺乏天赋，通过勤奋努力仍然可以取得成功。
A.take steps
C．natural
1．A.Extinction　 B．Talent
C．Insight D．Perseverance
B　解析：根据下文中的“natural ability or capacity to perform a function”可知，与生俱来的自然能力是天赋(talent)。
2．A.possess B．overcome
C．lack D．enhance
A　解析：根据下文中的“you are gifted with the ‘knack’ or ‘instinct’ needed to perform a skill”可知，你被赋予了诀窍或本能时意味着你拥有(possess)了某项天赋。
3．A.learn B．master
C．display D．practise
C　解析：根据上文中的“you are gifted with the ‘knack’ or ‘instinct’ needed to perform a skill”可知，“诀窍”意味着你能够执行某项技能，“本能”意味着你能够展示(display)出某个特定的品质。
4．A.rare B．unique
C．extraordinary D．raw
D　解析：根据上文中的“is the natural ability or capacity”及下文中的“So, you have the equipment or tools needed to perform the skills.”可知，你有执行技能所需的设备或工具，即这些品质是天然(raw)具备的。
5．A.perseverance B．skills
C．performance D．efficiency
A　解析：根据上文中的hard work及下文中的defined as perseverance可知，努力和毅力(perseverance)对于成功而言是很重要的。
6．A.evidences B．instruments
C．predictors D．categories
C　解析：根据上文中的“you must remember that hard work beats talent every time”可知，努力是比天赋更重要的成功因素，努力和毅力是成功的预示物(predictor)。
7．A.intellectuals B．individuals
C．creatures D．managers
B　解析：根据下文中的“who showed more grit”及“than those who were simply talented”可知，此处把“表现出更多勇气的人(individual)”和“仅是有天赋的人”作比较。
8．A.objectives B．happiness
C．richness D．functions
A　解析：根据上文中的achieve your goals可知，此处讲的是影响目标(objective)实现的因素。
9．A.critical B．necessary
C．optimistic D．awkward
B　解析：根据上文中的“who were simply talented”可知，只拥有天赋而缺乏必要的(necessary)动力是很难成功的。
10．A.when B．because
C．until D．although
C　解析：根据下文中的“you cannot perform or use your talents at the highest levels”可知，直到(until)你学会如何有效地使用、管理和控制这些资源，你才能在最高水平上执行或使用你的才能。
11．A.breaks up B．steps in
C．pays off D．leaves out
B　解析：根据下文中的“‘Hard work’ applied to your natural talents and instincts will take you to levels”及语境可知，努力加天赋能够帮你进入到高水准，这就是努力发挥作用(step in)的地方。
12．A.require B．dream
C．seize D．attain
D　解析：根据上文内容及语境可知，此处指有些人无法达到(attain)高水准，即只有天赋而不努力的人。
13．A.drop B．abandon
C．generate D．perfect
D　解析：根据上文中的“But talent alone will not do it”可知，只拥有天赋是不能成功的，你需要让自己的才能通过不断的努力和训练得到完善(perfect)。
14．A.take steps B．back down
C．play tricks D．give in
A　解析：根据上文内容及语境可知，你需要让自己的才能通过不断的努力和训练得到完善，即采取措施(take steps)去获得经验、教育和培训。
15．A.painstaking B．knowledgeable
C．natural D．overall
C　解析：根据上文中的“______ is the natural ability or capacity to perform a function.”可知，天赋是一种与生俱来的自然(natural)能力。
B
(2024·七省新高考二模)The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind: We enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. Some people regard a borrowed book as a ____________ in the house. It must be treated with care and considerate formality(遵守礼节). ____________ attitudes are forbidden.
B．guest
C．Casual
Because the book is borrowed, and it tolerates no damage which means it must not ______________ while under your roof. While reading the book, you are not allowed to make any mark or underline the important ______________ when a flash of creative idea emerges. This is huge ___________________ to one's imagination.
A.suffer
D．points
B．discouragement
______________， your own books belong to you and you can treat them with so much closeness that you are not afraid to mark it up or to place it in a dirty place. Your own books are there for use, not for ______________. You don't need to display them in front of others. Private ownership also encourages ______________ marking. A good reason for marking instructive passages in books is that this practice enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to ____________ them quickly and then review them more frequently in the future.
A.Oppositely　
C．show
D．meaningful
B．refer to
Given the importance of owned books to a man, everyone should begin collecting a private library, making up his own ______________ property. One should have his own bookshelves, which should not be having doors, glass windows, or keys. They should be free and _____________ to the hand as well as the eye. Like the jewellery to people, the best moral ____________ to people is books. They are more varied in colour and appearance than any wall -paper. Their variety
C．intellectual
D．accessible
B．decoration
indicates ______________ out of brains of different book writers. The knowledge that books are in plain view is also stimulating. Your body and mind are both ______________. With books at hand, your mind is free to land any ____________ or even strange possibility, which eventually gives birth to new discoveries or inventions.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了如何对待借来的书和自己的书，以及阅读的一些益处。
B．creativity
D．excited
A.fresh
1．A.teacher B．guest
C．relative D．servant
B　解析：根据下文中的“It must be treated with care and considerate formality.”可知，此处指对待借来的书就像对待客人(guest)一样。
2．A.Continual B．Usual
C．Casual D．Gradual
C　解析：根据上文中的“It must be treated with care and considerate formality.”可知，应该用谨慎和彬彬有礼来对待借来的书，而不是随意的(casual)态度。
3．A.suffer B．store
C．destroy D．describe
A　解析：根据上文中的“Because the book is borrowed, and it tolerates no damage”可知，借来的书不允许在你家里变得糟糕(suffer)。
4．A.trends B．goals
C．definitions D．points
D　解析：根据上文中的“make any mark or underline the important”及常识可知，此处指在要点(point)下画线。
5．A.discipline B．discouragement
C．relief D．reminder
B　解析：根据下文中的“A good reason for marking...remember more easily the significant sayings”可知，不能做标记或对要点画线是对想象力的阻止(discouragement)。
6．A.Oppositely　 B．Fortunately
C．Immediately D．Definitely
A　解析：上文说明如何对待借来的书，下文说明如何对待自己的书，因此这是一个正好与上文内容相反(oppositely)的问题。
7．A.benefit B．profit
C．show D．excuse
C　解析：根据下文中的“You don't need to display them in front of others.”可知，自己的书不是用来展示(show)的。
8．A.tough B．secondary
C．sufficient D．meaningful
D　解析：根据下文中的A good reason for marking可知，自己的书上可以做有意义的(meaningful)标记。
9．A.stick to B．refer to
C．devote to D．adapt to
B　解析：根据上文中的 “enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings”可知，书中的标记可以让你快速查阅(refer to)。
10．A.public B．economic
C．intellectual D．imaginary
C　解析：根据上文中的“Given the importance of owned books to a man, everyone should begin collecting a private library”及常识可知，书是知识(intellectual)财产。
11．A.familiar B．effective
C．flexible D．accessible
D　解析：根据上文中的“which should not be having doors, glass windows, or keys”可知，书架上的书应该是容易接触到的(accessible)。
12．A.truth B．decoration
C．training D．expense
B　解析：根据上文中的“Like the jewellery to people”可知，书对于人们来说是道德装饰(decoration)。
13．A.simplicity B．creativity
C．experiment D．life
B　解析：根据下文中的“which eventually gives birth to new discoveries or inventions”可知，书的多样性显示了作家的创造力(creativity)。
14．A.conscious B．calm
C．wild D．excited
D　解析：根据上文中的“The knowledge that books are in plain view is also stimulating.”可知，书籍知识也很有启发性，书让你身心兴奋(excited)。
15．A.fresh B．resourceful
C．purposeful D．memorable
A　解析：根据上文内容及语境可知，读属于自己的书的时候，你的大脑是自由的，这样可以产生很多新的(fresh)想法。
C
“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say except me. When I try to join in, I get anxious and have a struggle _____________ words. This happens at parties or meetings with parent groups and I feel ______________—as if I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am？”
B．pronouncing
D．judged
Individuals experiencing this type of social ______________ often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel ____________ and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often frustrating. It prevents these individuals from defending and ______________ for themselves in social environments, though they may be _____________ at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than ______________．
B．discomfort
A.transparent
C．sticking up
B．effective
D．socialization
Fitting into groups of people requires ______________. You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you ______________ some of your individuality in order to accept others' ______________ and values.
D．agreement
A.sacrifice
C．views
Some individuals are like chameleon (变色龙) in that they _____________ pick up the patterns of different groups and _________________ themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don't even come to the ______________ that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feels _________________ in most social group settings, it may be because you __________ changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group and this shouldn't be a weakness or a failure.
A.naturally
D．accommodate
B．awareness
C．disconnected
A.resist
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了为什么在社交场合中有些人会感到不适。
1．A.reading　　　 B．pronouncing
C．seeing D．writing
B　解析：根据上文“I feel like everyone knows what to say except me”可知，作者觉得不知道和别人说(pronounce)什么。
2．A.exposed B．ignored
C．considered D．judged
D　解析：根据此处语境及下文“because it makes them feel ______ and judged”可知，当聚会和与家庭成员会面的时候，好像是在面试工作一样，所以作者感觉自己被评判(judge)。
3．A.status B．discomfort
C．event D．response
B　解析：根据上文“When I try to join in, I get anxious and have a struggle ______ words.”可知，有这种社交不安(discomfort)的人总是避免和别人有眼神交流。
4．A.transparent B．urgent
C．frustrated D．disappointed
A　解析：根据上文“Individuals experiencing this type of social______ often avoid eye contact”及常识可知，他们经常避免眼神交流，因为这让他们感觉被看穿(transparent)和被评判。
5．A.insisting on B．breaking down
C．sticking up D．taking over
C　解析：根据下文for themselves in social environments及语境可知，社交不适感会阻止一些不擅长社交的人在社会环境中捍卫和维护(stick up for)自己。
6．A.creative B．effective
C．attractive D．tentative
B　解析：根据下文“holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than ______”及语境可知，在专注于任务而不是社交(socialization)的环境中，不擅长社交的人能有效(effective)坚持自己的观点。
7．A.contribution B．requirement
C．assignment D．socialization
D　解析：参见上题解析。
8．A.attention B．honesty
C．affection D．agreement
D　解析：根据下文“You need to be interested in the topics...talk about them the way they do.”可知，要想融入大多数群体需要与其他人达成共识(agreement)。
9．A.sacrifice B．give
C．examine D．present
A　解析：根据上文Becoming a part of these groups及常识可知，成为群体的一部分需要牺牲(sacrifice)自己的一些个性，接受他人的观点(view)和价值观。
10．A.hobbies B．approaches
C．views D．promises
C　解析：参见上题解析。
11．A.naturally B．partly
C．vaguely D．merely
A　解析：根据上文“Some individuals are like chameleon”可知，有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地(naturally)接受不同群体的模式。
12．A.explain B．support
C．help D．accommodate
D　解析：根据上文“they ______ pick up the patterns of different groups”可知，有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地习得不同群体的模式，并相应地适应(accommodate)自己。
13．A.conclusion B．awareness
C．decision D．point
B　解析：根据上文“this is automatic”可知，对于这些擅长社交的人来说，他们并没有意识到(awareness)自己正在改变自己来适应整个群体。
14．A.attached B．removed
C．disconnected D．connected
C　解析：根据下文“it may be because you ______ changing the way you think...a weakness or a failure”可知，此处指在社会群体环境中感到与世隔绝的(disconnected)人。
15．A.resist B．allow
C．miss D．suggest
A　解析：根据上文“If you are one of those people who feels ______ in most social group settings”可知，此处指抵制(resist)为了融入集体而改变自己的思维方式。
高考必 备词汇 [A篇] perform a function 发挥功能　gifted adj. 有天赋的　specific adj.特定的；具体的　perseverance n. 毅力　step in 介入；发挥作用　category n. 类别；种类　awkward adj. 尴尬的　break up 分裂；解散　leave out 不包括；不提及　back down 退缩；让步　
高考必 备词汇 [B篇]resource n. 资源；财富　imagination n. 想象力　significant adj. 重要的　property n. 财产　accessible adj. 容易接触到的　plain adj. 显而易见的　stimulating adj. 令人兴奋的　definition n. 定义　secondary adj. 次要的　sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的　
高考必 备词汇 [C篇]interview v. 面试　contact n. 接触；联系　fit in with 与……适应　frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的　stick up for 维护　hold on to 坚持　socialization n. 社交 　accordingly adv. 相应地　automatic adj. 自动的
四六级 桥梁词汇 [A篇] instinct n. 本能　exert v. 施加；运用　surpass v. 超过；胜过　accomplishment n. 成就　efficiency n. 效率　intellectual n. 知识分子　[B篇]considerate adj. 考虑周到的；体贴的　casual adj. 随意的　instructive adj. 富有教益的；增长知识的　jewellery n. 珠宝　resourceful adj. 机敏的；足智多谋的 　[C篇]transparent adj. 易看穿的　sacrifice v. 牺牲
individuality n. 个性；个人　status n. 地位；身份　tentative adj. 不确定的　vaguely adv. 模糊地
合成词、 派生词 [A篇]predictor n. 预示物　long -term adj. 长期的　painstaking adj. 辛苦的；需专注的　
[B篇]discouragement n. 阻止　ownership n. 所有权　
[C篇]loner n. 不合群的人　awkwardness n. 尴尬；笨拙　disconnected adj. 与世隔绝的
熟词 生义 [A篇]raw (熟义) adj. 生的 (文章义) adj. 天然的　drive (熟义) v. 驾驶 (文章义) n. 动力　
[B篇]suffer (熟义) v．受苦 (文章义) v. 变糟　flash (熟义) v. 闪光 (文章义) n. 突现　land (熟义) n. 大地 (文章义) v. 获得
长难句 分析 [A篇]If you think you haven't got what it takes to achieve your goals, you must remember that hard work beats talent every time！
[分析]　本句是复合句。句中If引导条件状语从句，其中含有what 引导的宾语从句；主句中含有that引导的宾语从句。
[译文]　如果你觉得你没有实现目标所需要的能力，你必须记住，勤奋总能战胜天赋！
长难句 分析 [B篇]A good reason for marking instructive passages in books is that this practice enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to refer to them quickly and then review them more frequently in the future.
[分析]　本句是复合句。句中介词短语for marking instructive passages in books作后置定语，修饰reason；that引导表语从句；并列的动词不定式短语“to remember...sayings, to refer to...and then review...more frequently”作宾语补足语。
[译文]　在书中标注有启发性的段落的一个很好的理由是，这种做法能让你更容易记住重要的言论，快速查阅它们，并在未来更频繁地回顾它们。
长难句 分析 [C篇]It prevents these individuals from defending and sticking up for themselves in social environments, though they may be effective at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than socialization.
[分析]　本句是复合句。句中though引导让步状语从句，其中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰 environments。
[译文]　尽管他们可能在专注于任务而非社交的环境中能够有效地坚持自己的观点，但这一特点会阻止这些人在社交环境中捍卫和维护自己。

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