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Section Ⅲ　　Grammar and usage
(语法项目——现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态)
语境中体悟
The Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival was created in 2018.It is the first time that a national festival has been set up specially for farmers.① The festival is being celebrated annually to show the whole society's attention to Chinese farmers, who work hard to strengthen the country's development.② The festival also shows respect for traditional 24 solar terms which have been followed by Chinese people since about 2,200 years ago.③ The festival is very important to China and more attention has been paid to agriculture and farmers throughout history.④
[语法入门]
句①：句型“It is the first time that ...”中谓语动词应用现在完成时，又因主语festival与谓语set up之间为被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动语态。
句②：根据时间状语“annually”可知，应使用现在进行时的被动语态，既强调动作在现阶段正在发生，又表示被动关系。
句③：根据时间状语“since about 2,200 years ago”可知，应使用现在完成时的被动语态，既表示被动关系，又表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。
句④：根据时间状语“throughout history”可知，应使用现在完成时的被动语态，既表示被动关系，又表示时间上的延续性。
学案中理清
一、现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。
(一)结构
1．肯定式：主语＋be (am/is/are)＋being done ...
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
公园里的一些树木正在被砍伐。
2．否定式：主语＋be (am/is/are)＋not being done ...
It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now.
据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
3．一般疑问式：Be (Am/Is/Are) (not)＋主语＋being done ...
Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse
这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
4．特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋be (am/is/are) (not)＋主语＋being done ...
Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest
谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛接受训练？
(二)用法
1．表示说话时正在进行的被动动作或状态。句中常用now、 right now、 at this moment、 at present等时间状语。
My younger sister is now being interviewed.
我妹妹现在正在接受采访。
2．表示现阶段发生的被动动作(说话时该动作不一定在进行)。
Preparations are being made for the coming Olympic Games.
(人们)正在为即将到来的奥运会做准备。
3．表示一种习惯性的被动行为，常与always、 constantly、 often等词连用，往往带有说话人的赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感彩。
Tom is always being praised by the teacher.
汤姆总是被老师表扬。
|名师点津|
(1)stay、 love、 have、 want、 belong to等一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态。
(2)“be＋under/in等介词＋名词”结构可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
The telephone is in use.
＝The telephone is being used.
电话正在使用中。
[对点练]　(句型转换)
①At the moment people are carrying out further research into the virus.
→At the moment further research into the virus ________________________.
②Don't worry! We are taking measures at present to stop such a thing from happening again.
→Don't worry! Measures ______________ at present to stop such a thing from happening again.
③Listen! Tom's mother is punishing Tom for his breaking Mrs Green's window.
→Listen! Tom __________________ by his mother for his breaking Mrs Green's window.
二、现在完成时的被动语态　
(一)结构
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？
特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？
(二)用法
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already、 yet、 just、 never、 recently等副词连用。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已被完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
|联想发散|　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already　　　　　　　　　 已经
yet 已经
recently/lately 最近
since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来
ever 曾经
so far 迄今为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
by now 到现在为止
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years　 在过去的几年里
[对点练]　(用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子)
①Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack ________________________ by his boss for his devotion to work.
②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
→A good place ________________________ to build a temple in the village.
③We haven't decided how to solve that difficult technological problem yet.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem ________________________ yet.
应用中融通
用括号内动词的适当形式完成短文
At present electronic payment ①__________________ (apply) widely in Sweden. So far only about 20% of all consumer payment in Sweden ②________________ (make) in cash, compared with an average of 75% in the rest of the world.And even cash ③________________ (not offer) in many of the country's banks in the past few years.However, not everyone is joyful.More Internet crimes ④________________ (cause) because of Sweden's electronic payment up to now.Also, elderly people who use cash ⑤________________ (ignore) in Sweden now.But certainly cash isn't dead. The Swedish central bank predicts the use of cash ⑥________________ (reduce) fast but still be working in 20 years. Anyway, for more and more consumers, using cash is no longer their habit.
1．We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again！　
我们很高兴地宣布，社区体育中心将很快再次向公众开放！
★announce vt.宣布，宣告；通知
|用|法|感|知|
It was announced that our team took the first place.　
据宣布，我们队得了第一名。
Please announce to students that the holidays will begin next Monday.
请向学生宣布下周一开始放假。
An announcement was made that the amusement park would be closed.
一则通知宣布游乐园将被关闭。
[归纳点拨]
(1)announce sth.to sb.＝announce to sb.sth.　 向某人宣布某事
It is announced that ... 据宣布……
(2)announcer n. 宣告者；播音员
announcement n． 布告，通告，声明；宣布，宣告
make an announcement 宣布；发布通知
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It ________________ (announce) that there will be a meeting in the auditorium at 8：00 tomorrow morning.
②She was planning to announce her marriage to Peter ____________ her friends.
③____________________________________， all the students cheered up.
当比赛结果被公布时，所有的学生都欢呼起来。
④I will __________________ to remind them that they should check their belongings.
我会通知他们，提醒他们检查一下自己的物品。
2．...our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment.
……我们的健身室已经更新了现代化设备。
★update vt.使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n．最新消息
|用|法|感|知|
Our software, unless updated on a regular basis, may not serve us well in our work.
我们的软件，除非定期更新，否则可能不能很好地服务于我们的工作。
Each day, we can get updated information of other countries or places via the Internet.
每天，我们都可以通过网络来获得一些其他国家或地方的最新消息。
[归纳点拨]
(1)update sb.on sth. 向某人提供有关某事的最新消息
(2)updated adj.　　　　 更新的，现代化的
|应|用|融|会|(单句语法填空)
①He was back in the office, ____________ (update) the work schedule on the computer.
②I called the office to update them __________ the day's developments.
③Do you know where to buy an ____________ (update) edition of the Chinese dictionary
3．In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance.
为了满足公众的喜好，我们的有氧运动课程已经停开，取而代之的是一些有趣的课程，包括现代舞。
★replace vt.用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新；把……放回原处
|用|法|感|知|
Please replace the books on the shelves before you leave.
在你离开之前，请把书放回到书架上。
It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
不吃饭而用零食代替不是个好主意。
After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video in place of an album.
经过一番激烈的讨论，我们同意制作视频来代替相册。
[归纳点拨]
(1)replace sb./sth.　　　　 取代某人/某物
replace ...with ... 用……替换……
(2)in place of sb./sth.＝in sb.'s/sth.'s place
＝take the place of sb./sth. 取代/代替某人/某物
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/同义句转换
①The newly ____________ (replace) engine doesn't work well.
②The old photo on the wall has been replaced ____________ a new drawing.
③A new stadium has been set up to host large events to take the place of the previous one.
→A new stadium has been set up to host large events ______________________ the previous one.
(2)替换加黑词汇
④Smartphones have replaced televisions as the most popular form of entertainment.________________
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
语法专题突破
学案中理清
一、①is being carried out　②are being taken
③is being punished
二、①has always been praised　②has been found
③hasn't been decided
应用中融通
①is being applied　②has been made　③has not been offered
④have been caused　⑤are being ignored　⑥is being reduced
新知深化学习
1．①is announced　②to
③When the result of the race was announced
④make an announcement
2．①updating　②on　③updated
3．①replaced　②with　③in place of　④taken the place of
6 / 6(共69张PPT)
Grammar and usage
Section Ⅲ
(语法项目——现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态)
语法专题突破
新知深化学习
课时检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
01
语法专题突破
语境中体悟
The Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival was created in 2018.It is the first time that a national festival has been set up specially for farmers.① The festival is being celebrated annually to show the whole society's attention to Chinese farmers, who work hard to strengthen the country's development.② The festival also shows respect for traditional 24 solar terms which have been followed by Chinese people since about 2,200 years ago.③ The festival is very important to China and more attention has been paid to agriculture and farmers throughout history.④
[语法入门]
句①：句型“It is the first time that ...”中谓语动词应用现在完成时，又因主语festival与谓语set up之间为被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动语态。
句②：根据时间状语“annually”可知，应使用现在进行时的被动语态，既强调动作在现阶段正在发生，又表示被动关系。
句③：根据时间状语“since about 2,200 years ago”可知，应使用现在完成时的被动语态，既表示被动关系，又表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。
句④：根据时间状语“throughout history”可知，应使用现在完成时的被动语态，既表示被动关系，又表示时间上的延续性。
学案中理清
一、现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。
(一)结构
1．肯定式：主语＋be (am/is/are)＋being done ...
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
公园里的一些树木正在被砍伐。
2．否定式：主语＋be (am/is/are)＋not being done ...
It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now.
据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
3．一般疑问式：Be (Am/Is/Are) (not)＋主语＋being done ...？
Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse？
这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
4．特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋be (am/is/are) (not)＋主语＋being done ...？
Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest？
谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛接受训练？
(二)用法
1．表示说话时正在进行的被动动作或状态。句中常用now、 right now、 at this moment、 at present等时间状语。
My younger sister is now being interviewed.
我妹妹现在正在接受采访。
2．表示现阶段发生的被动动作(说话时该动作不一定在进行)。
Preparations are being made for the coming Olympic Games.
(人们)正在为即将到来的奥运会做准备。
3．表示一种习惯性的被动行为，常与always、 constantly、 often等词连用，往往带有说话人的赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感彩。
Tom is always being praised by the teacher.
汤姆总是被老师表扬。
|名师点津|
(1)stay、 love、 have、 want、 belong to等一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态。
(2)“be＋under/in等介词＋名词”结构可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
The telephone is in use.
＝The telephone is being used.
电话正在使用中。
[对点练]　(句型转换)
①At the moment people are carrying out further research into the virus.
→At the moment further research into the virus _______________
____.
②Don't worry! We are taking measures at present to stop such a thing from happening again.
→Don't worry! Measures ______________ at present to stop such a thing from happening again.
is being carried
out
are being taken
③Listen! Tom's mother is punishing Tom for his breaking Mrs Green's window.
→Listen! Tom ________________ by his mother for his breaking Mrs Green's window.
is being punished
二、现在完成时的被动语态
(一)结构
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？
特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？
(二)用法
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already、 yet、 just、 never、 recently等副词连用。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已被完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
|联想发散|　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already　　　　　　　　　　 已经
yet 已经
recently/lately 最近
since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来
ever 曾经
so far 迄今为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
by now 到现在为止
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里
[对点练]　(用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子)
①Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack _____________________ by his boss for his devotion to work.
②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
→A good place ______________ to build a temple in the village.
③We haven't decided how to solve that difficult technological problem yet.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem ___________
________ yet.
has always been praised
has been found
hasn't been
decided
应用中融通
用括号内动词的适当形式完成短文
At present electronic payment ①_______________ (apply) widely in Sweden. So far only about 20% of all consumer payment in Sweden
②______________ (make) in cash, compared with an average of 75% in the rest of the world. And even cash ③___________________ (not offer) in many of the country's banks in the past few years. However,
is being applied
has been made
has not been offered
not everyone is joyful. More Internet crimes ④________________ (cause) because of Sweden's electronic payment up to now. Also, elderly people who use cash ⑤________________ (ignore) in Sweden now. But certainly cash isn't dead. The Swedish central bank predicts the use of cash ⑥_______________ (reduce) fast but still be working in 20 years. Anyway, for more and more consumers, using cash is no longer their habit.
have been caused
are being ignored
is being reduced
02
新知深化学习
1．We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again！　
我们很高兴地宣布，社区体育中心将很快再次向公众开放！
★announce vt.宣布，宣告；通知
|用|法|感|知|
It was announced that our team took the first place.
据宣布，我们队得了第一名。
Please announce to students that the holidays will begin next Monday.
请向学生宣布下周一开始放假。
An announcement was made that the amusement park would be closed.
一则通知宣布游乐园将被关闭。
[归纳点拨]
(1)announce sth.to sb.＝announce to sb.sth.　
向某人宣布某事
It is announced that ... 据宣布……
(2)announcer n. 宣告者；播音员
announcement n． 布告，通告，声明；宣布，宣告
make an announcement 宣布；发布通知
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It ____________ (announce) that there will be a meeting in the auditorium at 8：00 tomorrow morning.
②She was planning to announce her marriage to Peter ___ her friends.
is announced
to
③______________________________________, all the students cheered up.
当比赛结果被公布时，所有的学生都欢呼起来。
④I will _____________________ to remind them that they should check their belongings.
我会通知他们，提醒他们检查一下自己的物品。
When the result of the race was announced
make an announcement
2．...our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment.
……我们的健身室已经更新了现代化设备。
★update vt.使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n．最新消息
|用|法|感|知|
Our software, unless updated on a regular basis, may not serve us well in our work.
我们的软件，除非定期更新，否则可能不能很好地服务于我们的工作。
Each day, we can get updated information of other countries or places via the Internet.
每天，我们都可以通过网络来获得一些其他国家或地方的最新消息。
[归纳点拨]
(1)update sb.on sth. 向某人提供有关某事的最新消息
(2)updated adj.　　　　 更新的，现代化的
|应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空)
①He was back in the office, _________ (update) the work schedule on the computer.
②I called the office to update them ___ the day's developments.
③Do you know where to buy an ________ (update) edition of the Chinese dictionary？
updating
on
updated
3．In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance.
为了满足公众的喜好，我们的有氧运动课程已经停开，取而代之的是一些有趣的课程，包括现代舞。
★replace vt.用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新；把……放回原处
|用|法|感|知|
Please replace the books on the shelves before you leave.　
在你离开之前，请把书放回到书架上。
It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
不吃饭而用零食代替不是个好主意。
After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video in place of an album.
经过一番激烈的讨论，我们同意制作视频来代替相册。
[归纳点拨]
(1)replace sb./sth.　　　　 取代某人/某物
replace ...with ... 用……替换……
(2)in place of sb./sth.＝in sb.'s/sth.'s place
＝take the place of sb./sth. 取代/代替某人/某物
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/同义句转换
①The newly _________ (replace) engine doesn't work well.
②The old photo on the wall has been replaced _____ a new drawing.
replaced
with
③A new stadium has been set up to host large events to take the place of the previous one.
→A new stadium has been set up to host large events __________ the previous one.
(2)替换加蓝词汇
④Smartphones have replaced televisions as the most popular form of entertainment. ________________
in place of
taken the place of
03
课时检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Running on the beach is completely different from running on the pavement (人行道), a track or trails with soft surfaces.
For starters, sand can be a challenge because it has an uneven (不平的) surface and constantly moves under your feet.As you push off, you're going to lose some of your push as the sand moves, so you're not going to be able to push yourself forward as you would on a track or pavement！But this unevenness has _________: It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise the muscles that don't get as much use as runs on firm surfaces.
an upside
You also might feel painful afterward because beaches tend to slope (倾斜) downward, toward the water.If you're going for a long run on the beach, you might notice that one side of your body including your ankle, leg or knee might feel more painful because you're putting more pressure on it due to the slope.
Some beach runners tend to run barefoot. However, if you're not used to barefoot running, start slowly and run short distances at first. That's because running barefoot uses different muscles than running with shoes does, and it's important to strengthen these muscles and adapt your feet.
Despite these challenges, running on sand can be a smart choice for athletes because running on it can decrease the bad influence on your body during high-intensity workouts.This could potentially lead to less muscle damage and less pain.Women had less myoglobin (肌红蛋白), which can cause muscle pain, in their blood after running on the sand than they did after running on grass.This suggests running on softer ground surfaces, such as sand, may reduce muscle damage.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在沙滩上跑步和在人行道、跑道上跑步的不同，以及在沙滩上跑步的好处。
1．Why do the starters feel hard while running on sand？
A．The surface is even.
B．The beach is near water.
C．The runners lack muscles.
D．The surface of the sand is soft.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For starters, sand can be a challenge ...as you would on a track or pavement！”可知，沙子的表面不平坦，会在脚下不断移动，蹬地时人会因为沙子的移动而失去一些推力，即初学者觉得很吃力是因为沙子的表面很软。
√
2．Which of the following best explains “an upside” underlined in paragraph 2？
A．A positive aspect.　　 B．A wide roadside.
C．An extra workout. D．A bad influence.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的“It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise the muscles that don't get as much use as runs on firm surfaces.”可知，此处讲的是沙子表面不平坦的好处。故可猜测an upside意为“好的一面”。
√
3．What should beach runners pay attention to when trying barefoot running？
A．Starting quickly.
B．Not running too long.
C．Using the same muscles.
D．Increasing their paces.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, if you're not used to barefoot running，start slowly and run short distances at first.”可知，沙滩跑步者尝试光脚在沙滩上跑步时，应注意不要跑太长的距离。
√
4．How does the author explain the benefit of beach running to female runners？
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparisons. D．By offering facts.
解析：写作手法题。根据最后一段第三句可知，作者通过比较女性在沙滩上跑步和在草地上跑步后的肌红蛋白含量来向女性跑步者解释沙滩跑步的好处。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
My mother turned ninety. I knew I needed to find a senior ____ center. Not for her — for me. If I were at her age, I would want to stay in shape to ____ life, getting a lot of pleasure. Yes, walking in local parks was my ____， but I wasn't so active as before.
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I called a nearby center, “Do you have aerobics (有氧运动) classes ____ for seniors？” “e and check us out! We start at 10 a．m.，” the receptionist (接待员) replied and ____.The next morning, I went there. One part of me was ____ that the class was too easy, not doing me any good. The other part feared it was too hard for me to ____.
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When I came into the room, a woman ____ me, “Oh, you're new. Welcome.” Then the music started. The hour-long workout woke up the muscles I didn't often ____ in daily walks, suiting me fine. I became a member there. My classmates ranged in age from fifty to ninety. Most gave the exercises their own ____， doing as much or little as they could. ____， no one kept score. Soon I learned physical well-being wasn't the only ____ there. During breaks, people chatted happily. Whenever some people were ____ we asked around. Were they busy？ Were they in hospital？ Moreover, we signed cards for those who were ill.
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I ____ to be in good shape now as I've hoped.Still, I'm grateful for things more valuable from the class — close friendships and new social ____.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了自己在老年时能够保持身体健康和活力，寻找并加入了一家老年健身中心的经历。
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5．A.leisure　　　　　　　 B．fitness
C．community D．learning
解析：根据下文“I called a nearby center，‘Do you have aerobics classes ________ for seniors？’”可知，作者是想找个地方健身。
√
6．A.change B．remember
C．wait D．enjoy
解析：根据下文“getting a lot of pleasure”可知，作者是想享受生活，获得乐趣。
√
7．A.exercise B．aim
C．challenge D．plan
解析：根据空前“walking in local parks”可知，这是作者的锻炼
方式。
√
8．A.attached B．familiar
C．suitable D．important
解析：根据下文“‘e and check us out! We start at 10 a．m.，’ the receptionist replied”以及常识可知，作者打电话是询问是否有适合老年人的运动。
√
9．A.comforted B．invited
C．promised D．welcomed
解析：根据上文“Come and check us out! We start at 10 a．m.”可知，这位接待员是对作者发出邀请，让作者前往健身中心看看。
√
10．A.sure B．disappointed
C．anxious D．hopeful
解析：根据空后“the class was too easy, not doing me any good”以及下文“feared”可知，空处指的是作者的担心。
√
11．A.make up for B．look down on
C．get down to D．keep up with
解析：根据上文“One part of me was ______ that the class was too easy, not doing me any good.”可推知，本句与上文的内容是相反的；上句指的是作者担心课程太简单，由此可知，本句指的是另一方面作者又担心课程太难自己跟不上。
√
12．A.greeted B．recognized
C．helped D．introduced
解析：根据空后“Oh, you're new.Welcome.”可知，这位女士是在和作者打招呼。
√
13．A.relax B．pull
C．work D．use
解析：根据空前“the muscles”以及上文“Yes, walking in local parks was my _________， but I wasn't so active as before.”可知，空处指的是作者在平常的散步中不常使用肌肉。
√
14．A.acceptance B．agreement
C．understanding D．conclusion
解析：根据下文“doing as much or little as they could”可知，作者的同学们可以根据自己对自己的了解，选择适量的运动。
√
15．A.Luckily B．Suddenly
C．Naturally D．Surprisingly
解析：根据下文“no one kept score”可知，这家老年健身中心的会员可以自行选择运动的量，没有人记分，作者觉得这是幸运的。
√
16．A.problem B．contribution
C．standard D．focus
解析：根据下文“During breaks, people chatted happily ...for those who were ill.”可知，这里的人们互相关心，互相陪伴，由此可知，身体健康并不是他们唯一关注的。
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17．A.lonely B．absent
C．unhappy D．tired
解析：根据下文“we asked around”可推知，有人缺席的时候，其他人都会打听情况。
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18．A.fail B．manage
C．try D．continue
解析：根据下文“Still”可推知，本句与下一句之间存在转折关系。由此可知，作者的状态并不如自己原本希望的那样好。
√
19．A.backgrounds B．connections
C．skills D．duties
解析：根据上文“During breaks, people chatted happily ...for those who were ill.”可知，作者在健身中心认识了新朋友，建立了新的社会联系。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)
Table tennis first appeared in Victorian England. Table tennis didn't become a competitive sport ____ 1988.Now table tennis not only is ____ matter of competition but also provides an opportunity for people to play together no matter what their ages are. There is a day for people ____ love table tennis to spread their love for the sport. It is called World Table Tennis Day.
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So far, with the help of the International Table Tennis Federation, table tennis ____ (improve) to a completely new level. ITTF tries to help table tennis get its ____ (recognise) around the world. ____ (achieve) this goal, in 2015, ITTF created World Table Tennis Day to get people ____ (attract) to table tennis. Since then it has been celebrating the day so that more people can learn about the sport.
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World Table Tennis Day is celebrated by ____ (organize) activities in the streets, clubs, bars, schools, workplaces, etc. People can register ____ all these events on the Internet to join in the worldwide celebration. If you're looking for other ways to celebrate World Table Tennis Day, you can choose to watch the ____ (amaze) table tennis games on TV on the day and tell your friends what day it is.
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语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界乒乓球日的来历、庆祝活动等。
20．until　考查连词。not ...until ...意为“直到……才……”，为固定用法。
21．a　考查冠词。a matter of意为“一个……的事情/问题”；此处表泛指，应用不定冠词。
22．who/that　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
23．has been improved　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句首的时间状语“So far”可知，应用现在完成时；又因为句子的主语table tennis与improve之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语也应用第三人称单数形式。
24．recognition　考查名词。设空处前面的its是形容词性物主代词，后面需用名词。
25．To achieve　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语created，设空处应用非谓语动词；由语境可知，此处表示目的，应用不定式。
26．attracted　考查非谓语动词。由语境可知，此处表示“使人们被吸引”，get ...done意为“使……被……”，为固定用法，因此应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
27．organizing　考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词“by”可知，空处应用organize的动名词形式作by的宾语。
28．for　考查介词。register for意为“登记，注册”，为固定搭配。
29．amazing　考查形容词。设空处修饰空后的名词短语table tennis games，应用形容词；由语境可知，设空处表示“令人惊叹的”，故选amazing。UNIT 2　课时检测(三)　Grammar and usage
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Running on the beach is completely different from running on the pavement (人行道), a track or trails with soft surfaces.
For starters, sand can be a challenge because it has an uneven (不平的) surface and constantly moves under your feet.As you push off, you're going to lose some of your push as the sand moves, so you're not going to be able to push yourself forward as you would on a track or pavement！But this unevenness has an_upside: It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise the muscles that don't get as much use as runs on firm surfaces.
You also might feel painful afterward because beaches tend to slope (倾斜) downward, toward the water.If you're going for a long run on the beach, you might notice that one side of your body including your ankle, leg or knee might feel more painful because you're putting more pressure on it due to the slope.
Some beach runners tend to run barefoot.However, if you're not used to barefoot running, start slowly and run short distances at first.That's because running barefoot uses different muscles than running with shoes does, and it's important to strengthen these muscles and adapt your feet.
Despite these challenges, running on sand can be a smart choice for athletes because running on it can decrease the bad influence on your body during high-intensity workouts.This could potentially lead to less muscle damage and less pain.Women had less myoglobin (肌红蛋白), which can cause muscle pain, in their blood after running on the sand than they did after running on grass.This suggests running on softer ground surfaces, such as sand, may reduce muscle damage.
1．Why do the starters feel hard while running on sand
A．The surface is even.
B．The beach is near water.
C．The runners lack muscles.
D．The surface of the sand is soft.
2．Which of the following best explains “an upside” underlined in paragraph 2
A．A positive aspect.
B．A wide roadside.
C．An extra workout.
D．A bad influence.
3．What should beach runners pay attention to when trying barefoot running
A．Starting quickly.
B．Not running too long.
C．Using the same muscles.
D．Increasing their paces.
4．How does the author explain the benefit of beach running to female runners
A．By listing data.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By offering facts.
Ⅱ.完形填空
My mother turned ninety.I knew I needed to find a senior __5__ center.Not for her — for me.If I were at her age, I would want to stay in shape to __6__ life, getting a lot of pleasure.Yes, walking in local parks was my __7__， but I wasn't so active as before.
I called a nearby center, “Do you have aerobics (有氧运动) classes __8__ for seniors？” “e and check us out! We start at 10 a．m.，” the receptionist (接待员) replied and __9__.The next morning, I went there.One part of me was __10__ that the class was too easy, not doing me any good.The other part feared it was too hard for me to __11__.
When I came into the room, a woman __12__ me, “Oh, you're new.Welcome.” Then the music started.The hour-long workout woke up the muscles I didn't often __13__ in daily walks, suiting me fine.I became a member there.My classmates ranged in age from fifty to ninety.Most gave the exercises their own __14__， doing as much or little as they could. __15__， no one kept score.Soon I learned physical well-being wasn't the only __16__ there.During breaks, people chatted happily.Whenever some people were __17__ we asked around.Were they busy Were they in hospital Moreover, we signed cards for those who were ill.
I __18__ to be in good shape now as I've hoped.Still, I'm grateful for things more valuable from the class — close friendships and new social __19__.
5.A.leisure　　　　　 B．fitness
C．community D．learning
6．A.change B．remember
C．wait D．enjoy
7．A.exercise B．aim
C．challenge D．plan
8．A.attached B．familiar
C．suitable D．important
9．A.comforted B．invited
C．promised D．welcomed
10．A.sure B．disappointed
C．anxious D．hopeful
11．A.make up for B．look down on
C．get down to D．keep up with
12．A.greeted B．recognized
C．helped D．introduced
13．A.relax B．pull
C．work D．use
14．A.acceptance B．agreement
C．understanding D．conclusion
15．A.Luckily B．Suddenly
C．Naturally D．Surprisingly
16．A.problem B．contribution
C．standard D．focus
17．A.lonely B．absent
C．unhappy D．tired
18．A.fail B．manage
C．try D．continue
19．A.backgrounds B．connections
C．skills D．duties
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)
Table tennis first appeared in Victorian England.Table tennis didn't become a competitive sport 20.__________ 1988.Now table tennis not only is 21.__________ matter of competition but also provides an opportunity for people to play together no matter what their ages are.There is a day for people 22.__________ love table tennis to spread their love for the sport.It is called World Table Tennis Day.
So far, with the help of the International Table Tennis Federation, table tennis 23.__________ (improve) to a completely new level.ITTF tries to help table tennis get its 24.__________ (recognise) around the world. 25.__________ (achieve) this goal, in 2015, ITTF created World Table Tennis Day to get people 26.__________ (attract) to table tennis.Since then it has been celebrating the day so that more people can learn about the sport.
World Table Tennis Day is celebrated by 27.__________ (organize)　activities in the streets, clubs, bars, schools, workplaces, etc.People can register 28.__________ all these events on the Internet to join in the worldwide celebration.If you're looking for other ways to celebrate World Table Tennis Day, you can choose to watch the 29.__________ (amaze) table tennis games on TV on the day and tell your friends what day it is.
UNIT 2　课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在沙滩上跑步和在人行道、跑道上跑步的不同，以及在沙滩上跑步的好处。
1．选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For starters, sand can be a challenge ...as you would on a track or pavement！”可知，沙子的表面不平坦，会在脚下不断移动，蹬地时人会因为沙子的移动而失去一些推力，即初学者觉得很吃力是因为沙子的表面很软。
2．选A　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的“It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise the muscles that don't get as much use as runs on firm surfaces.”可知，此处讲的是沙子表面不平坦的好处。故可猜测an upside意为“好的一面”。
3．选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, if you're not used to barefoot running，start slowly and run short distances at first.”可知，沙滩跑步者尝试光脚在沙滩上跑步时，应注意不要跑太长的距离。
4．选C　写作手法题。根据最后一段第三句可知，作者通过比较女性在沙滩上跑步和在草地上跑步后的肌红蛋白含量来向女性跑步者解释沙滩跑步的好处。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了自己在老年时能够保持身体健康和活力，寻找并加入了一家老年健身中心的经历。
5．选B　根据下文“I called a nearby center，‘Do you have aerobics classes ________ for seniors？’”可知，作者是想找个地方健身。
6．选D　根据下文“getting a lot of pleasure”可知，作者是想享受生活，获得乐趣。
7．选A　根据空前“walking in local parks”可知，这是作者的锻炼方式。
8．选C　根据下文“‘e and check us out! We start at 10 a．m.，’ the receptionist replied”以及常识可知，作者打电话是询问是否有适合老年人的运动。
9．选B　根据上文“Come and check us out! We start at 10 a．m.”可知，这位接待员是对作者发出邀请，让作者前往健身中心看看。
10．选C　根据空后“the class was too easy, not doing me any good”以及下文“feared”可知，空处指的是作者的担心。
11．选D　根据上文“One part of me was ________ that the class was too easy, not doing me any good.”可推知，本句与上文的内容是相反的；上句指的是作者担心课程太简单，由此可知，本句指的是另一方面作者又担心课程太难自己跟不上。
12．选A　根据空后“Oh, you're new.Welcome.”可知，这位女士是在和作者打招呼。
13．选D　根据空前“the muscles”以及上文“Yes, walking in local parks was my ________， but I wasn't so active as before.”可知，空处指的是作者在平常的散步中不常使用肌肉。
14．选C　根据下文“doing as much or little as they could”可知，作者的同学们可以根据自己对自己的了解，选择适量的运动。
15．选A　根据下文“no one kept score”可知，这家老年健身中心的会员可以自行选择运动的量，没有人记分，作者觉得这是幸运的。
16．选D　根据下文“During breaks, people chatted happily ...for those who were ill.”可知，这里的人们互相关心，互相陪伴，由此可知，身体健康并不是他们唯一关注的。
17．选B　根据下文“we asked around”可推知，有人缺席的时候，其他人都会打听情况。
18．选A　根据下文“Still”可推知，本句与下一句之间存在转折关系。由此可知，作者的状态并不如自己原本希望的那样好。
19．选B　根据上文“During breaks, people chatted happily ...for those who were ill.”可知，作者在健身中心认识了新朋友，建立了新的社会联系。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界乒乓球日的来历、庆祝活动等。
20．until　考查连词。not ...until ...意为“直到……才……”，为固定用法。
21．a　考查冠词。a matter of意为“一个……的事情/问题”；此处表泛指，应用不定冠词。
22．who/that　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
23．has been improved　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句首的时间状语“So far”可知，应用现在完成时；又因为句子的主语table tennis与improve之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语也应用第三人称单数形式。
24．recognition　考查名词。设空处前面的its是形容词性物主代词，后面需用名词。
25．To achieve　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语created，设空处应用非谓语动词；由语境可知，此处表示目的，应用不定式。
26．attracted　考查非谓语动词。由语境可知，此处表示“使人们被吸引”，get ...done意为“使……被……”，为固定用法，因此应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
27．organizing　考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词“by”可知，空处应用organize的动名词形式作by的宾语。
28．for　考查介词。register for意为“登记，注册”，为固定搭配。
29．amazing　考查形容词。设空处修饰空后的名词短语table tennis games，应用形容词；由语境可知，设空处表示“令人惊叹的”，故选amazing。
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