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八下U2知识点
Starting out
grow up 长大
at the same time 同时
get along with 与...相处
learn from failure 从失败中学习
have confidence in sth. 有对...的信心
Understanding ideas
I should always keep my promises. 我应该始终信守承诺。
(in a low voice) I promised to be back before 9 tonight. 我答应今晚9点前回来。
语法点: promise n. 承诺 v. 保证
keep/break sb's promise 遵守/打破某人的诺言
make a promise to do sth. 承诺做某事
promise to do 保证/承诺做某事
promising adj. 有前途的
in a low voice 低声地
The son runs through the door, out of breath.
语法点: through the door/storm/forest/window 穿过门/暴风雨/森林/窗户
out of breath 喘不过气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
take a deep breath 深呼吸
(interrupting) A deal is a deal!
语法点: interrupt sb. 打断某人(的话)
a deal is a deal 一诺千金，说到就要做到
deal n. 协议v. 处理
How to deal with sth. 如何处理某物
I was heading back at 8:30. 我8:30就要回去了。
语法点: head n. 头 v. 朝...行进
head back/home 回去/家
Where are you heading 你要去哪里？
On my way back, I realise that my phone was at Jiacheng's house.
语法点: on one's way back/home 在回去/回家路上
on one's way to sp. 在去某地的路上
realise that +句子 意识到...
Why did it take that long to get your phone
语法点: take v. 花(时间)
it takes (sb.) time to do sth. 花时间做某事
I asked her if she needed help.
语法点: if 是否(引导宾语从句)
I ask sb./wonder if +句子. 我问某人是否..../我想知道是否...
She said she was lost.
语法点: be/get lost 迷路
So you sent her home
语法点: send -sent -sent v. 送，派，寄
send sb. home 送某人回家
send sb. to sp. 送某人去某地
send sb. to do 派某人去做某事
I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist.
语法点: that 无意思，作连词，在动词后引导宾语从句，可省略。
主语+谓语动词+that+宾语从句.
sth. be attached to ... 某物被绑/系/附在...上
attach sth. to.. 把某物绑/系/附到...上
sb. attach importance to sth. 某人重视某物
So I gave her my jacket and took her to the nearest police station.
语法点: take sb. to sp. 带某人去某地
I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman.
语法点: wait for sb. 等待某人
until conj. 直到(引导时间状语从句)
not... until 直到...才...
E.g. I didn't go home until it stopped raining.
sb. be taken home 某人被带回家
take sb. home 带某人回家
After that I ran to pick up my phone and came home.
语法点: pick up 捡起，学会(某种语言)，接某人，接电话，身体恢复
I feel sorry for being cross with you.
语法点: be/feel sorry for sth. /doing sth. 为(做了)某事感到抱歉
be cross/angry with sb. 对某人感到生气
I was so worried.
语法点: be worried about ＝worry about 担心
I didn't think of that.
语法点: think of 想到;认为
think highly of 高度评价
think about 思考;考虑
I'm very proud of you.
语法点: be proud of ＝ take pride in 为...自豪
Remember what I taught you.
语法点: what 事情，东西(在动词后作连词，引导宾语从句)
teach -taught-taught v. 教
teach sb. (not) to do 教某人(不)做某事
To give good advice to others, you should try to understand their point of view.
语法点: from sb's point of view 在某人看来，以某人的角度来看
Grammar
Betty's dad didn't allow her to have a lazy day on the sofa.
语法点: allow sb. to do 允许某人做
allow doing 允许做
Robert's mum turned down his idea of hiking alone in the mountains.
语法点: turn down 拒绝;调低(音量)
turn up 调高(音量)
turn on/off 打开/关闭(电气)
I actually use it for many important things.
语法点: use sth. to do ＝ use sth. for sth. 用某物做...
It helps me stay in touch with my friends after school.
语法点: help sb. (to) do sth. ＝help sb. with sth. 帮某人做某事
stay/keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系
get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系
But now I am cut off from them.
语法点: be cut off from sb. 被切断与某人的联系
I'm afraid that too much of your time was spent on your phone.
语法点: I'm afraid that +句子. 恐怕...
sb. spend time on/doing sth. 某人花时间在某物上
time is spent on/doing sth. 事件被花在某物上
That's bad for your eyes.
语法点: be bad for 对...有害
be bad at 不擅长
be good for 对...有好处
be good at 擅长
At times, your attention is drawn away during family meals.
语法点: sb's attention is drawn away 某人的注意力被转移
sth. draw sb's attention 某物吸引某人的注意力
sb. be drawn to sth. 某人被某物吸引
at times＝sometimes＝from time to time 有时
Developing ideas
Many teens have experienced peer pressure.
语法点: experience v. 经历 n. 经历(可数)，经验(不可数)
pressure n. 压力
press v. 按压 n. 报刊，新闻报道
They sometimes do a thing just because they don't want to be left out.
语法点: be left out 被排除在外
be left behind 被抛在后面
Colin agrees with Kate on the importance of hobbies.
语法点: agree with sb. on sth. 赞同某人关于某事的看法
agree to do 同意做某事
I just feel that I don't fit in.
语法点: fit in 融入，合群
Reading for writing
From pain to gain.
语法点: from... to... 从...到...
pain n. 伤痛，痛苦(C,U)
painful adj. 痛的
gain n. 好处;获益(C,U) v. 获得
I tried out for the basketball team, but the coach said I wasn't tall enough.
语法点: try out for sth. 参加...的选拔;竞争某个职位/角色
try on 试穿
try one's best to do 尽某人最大努力做某事
adj. enough to do sth. 足够...做某事
This has been my dream since I was a little girl.
语法点: since +时间状从/时间点/doing sth. 自...以来
现在完成时+since+一般过去时
I have practised so much.
语法点: practise doing sth. 练习做某事
practice n. 练习(U)
Back then, I was so disappointed at being too short and failing to get on the basketball team.
语法点: back then 当时
be disappointed at 对...感到沮丧/灰心/失望
disappointment n. 失望，沮丧
to one's disappointment 让某人失望的是
fail to do sth. 做某事失败
I couldn't help laughing at my heartbreaking words then.
语法点: can't help doing 忍不住做某事
laugh at 嘲笑
heartbreaking adj. 令人心碎的
heartwarming adj. 暖心的
Basketball was really a big deal for me.
语法点: be a big deal for sb. 对某人很重要，对某人来说是个大事
"Why not try something else,like swimming or skiing "suggested my best friend.
语法点: why not do sth 为什么不做某事
why don't sb. do sth. 某人为什么不做某事
something else/adj. 其他东西/...的东西
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
suggest that + sb. +动原 建议某人做
At first, I swam just to take my mind off things.
语法点: take one's mind off sth. 把注意力从某物上移开
take off 脱下，起飞，卸载
But soon, I fell completely in love with the sport.
语法点: fall- fell- fell 落下
fall in love with 爱上
fall ill/asleep 生病/睡着
I've won several competitions now and I've made a lot of friends.
语法点: win competitions 赢得多项比赛
enter a competition 参加比赛
several adj. 几个，一些(+可数名词复数)
It's great to look back and see my pains and gains with fresh eyes.
语法点: be + adj. + to do sth. 做某事...
Growing up will never be an easy thing.
语法点: grow up 长大，成长
grow into 长成
We need to look at challenges the right way.
语法点: look at sth. (in) the right way 用正确的方式看待某物
challenge n/v. 挑战
challenging adj. 挑战性的
rise to challenges 迎接挑战
It may fall upon us at any stage in our lives.
语法点: fall upon sb. 降临在某人身上
stage n. 舞台，阶段
on the stage 在舞台上
at the stage of doing sth. 在做某事的阶段
I know clearly that failure lasts just a moment.
语法点: clearly adv. 清楚地，清晰地
I clearly remember the day when +句子. 我清楚地记得...的那天
last v. 延续，持续
lasting adj. 持续的
sth. last for a long time 某物持续了很久
语法部分
被动语态的过去式: 主语+ was/were done by sb. ...(主语)被某人做/由某人所做
E.g. The room was cleaned by my dad. 这房间是我爸爸打扫的。
主语+ wasn't/weren't done by sb. ...(主语)没被某人做
E.g. The room wasn't cleaned by my dad. 这房间不是我爸爸打扫的。
Was/Were +主语+ done by sb. ...(主语)是被某人做的吗？
E.g. Was the room cleaned by your dad 这房间是你爸爸打扫的吗？
特殊疑问词+ was/were + 主语+ done (by sb.)
E.g. When was the room cleaned by your dad 这房间是你爸爸在什么时候打扫的
被动语态用法总结
不同时态的被动
一般现在时: am/is/are done by
一般将来时: will be done by
am/is/are going to be done
一般过去时: was/were done by
现在进行时: am/is/are being done by
过去进行时: was/were being done by
现在完成时: have/has been done by
过去完成时: had been done by
过去将来时: would be done by
was/were going to be done by
主动语态变被动语态
只有一个宾语的主动句变被动。
口诀: 宾语提前变主语，原主变宾by后见
动词心脏变be done，时态be变done不变
双宾语主动句变被动，有两种变法，直宾提前or间宾提前。
主动: I give my friend a cake.
被动: A cake was given to my friend by me.
My friend was given a cake by me.
有情态动词的主动句变被动，保留情态动词。
主动: He should clean his room.
被动: His room should be cleaned by him.
注意:当不知道或不强调动作的执行者时，可以不写出by sb.
要强调动作的执行者时，要写by sb.
没有被动的情况
系动词没有被动形式。(look，sound，smell，stay，remain，get，turn等)
The cake smells nice.
不及物动词没有被动形式。(不需要宾语或不可以直接跟宾语的动词为不及物动词)
I arrived.
发生类的动词/短语无被动。(happen，take place等)
A disaster happened.
主动形式表被动的意思
用来描述主语特征的一些词(如sell，write，wash，read等，后跟副词)，没有被动。
The pen writes smoothly. 这钢笔写起来很丝滑。
The books sell well. 这些书卖得很好。
want/need/require/deserve doing sth. ＝ want/need/require/deserve to be done
想要/需要/需要/值得被做
The car needs washing. ＝ The car needs to be washed.
sth. be worth doing. 某物值得被...
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
被动的一些特殊情况
使役动词(make、let、have)的主动用法里省略to，变被动时要加回to
主动: make/let/have sb. do sth. 让某人做
被动: sb. be made/let/had to do sth.
The teacher makes students join a club.
Students are made to join a club.
某些感官类动词的主动用法省略to，变被动时加回to
feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事
watch/see/notice sb. do sth. 看/看见/注意到某人做某事
↓
sb. be felt to do sth.
sb. be heard to do sth.
sb. be watched/seen/noticed to do sth.
E.g.主动:We hear a boy sing happily.
被动: A boy is heard to sing happily.
谓语是“动词+介词”结构时，变被动要保留介词。
主动: Jack took good care of his baby sister.
被动: Jack's baby sister was taken good care of by him.
常见的一些被动搭配
据说..... It is said that ...
据报导.. It is reported that ...
据推测..... It is supposed that ...
希望.... It is hoped that ...
众所周知..... It is well known that ...
普遍认为..... It is widely considered/thought that ...
有人建议..... It is suggested that

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