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八年级英语下册Unit11知识点-Grammar in Use讲义
第一部分：Conversion（词的转化）
一、语法讲解
词的转化（Conversion）
在英语中，一个单词可以在不改变形式的情况下，从一种词性转化为另一种词性。这种现象称为词的转化。常见的转化类型有：
1. 名词转化为动词
- water (n. 水) → water (v. 浇水)
- ship (n. 船) → ship (v. 运送)
- hand (n. 手) → hand (v. 递给)
- name (n. 名字) → name (v. 命名)
2. 形容词转化为动词
- clean (adj. 干净的) → clean (v. 打扫)
- tidy (adj. 整洁的) → tidy (v. 整理)
- warm (adj. 温暖的) → warm (v. 使温暖)
- free (adj. 自由的) → free (v. 释放；使自由)
- cool (adj. 凉的) → cool (v. 使冷却)
3. 形容词转化为名词
- present (adj. 现在的) → present (n. 礼物) （注意：present 作名词时读音不同）
- cool (adj. 凉的) → cool (n. 凉爽) （较少见，通常还是形容词）
4. 动词转化为名词
- dress (v. 穿衣) → dress (n. 连衣裙)
- trade (v. 交易) → trade (n. 贸易)
注意： 转化后的词义通常与原始词义相关，但有时会引申。需要通过上下文判断词性。
二、重点句型解析
1. "In ancient China, farmers used waterwheel to water their crops."
- 意思：在古代中国，农民用水车给庄稼浇水。
- 知识点：waterwheel 水车（名词）；water（动词）浇水
- 仿写：Please __________ the flowers every day. (water)
2. "People began to ship goods through the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal centuries ago."
- 意思：几个世纪前，人们开始通过京杭大运河运送货物。
- 知识点：ship（动词）运送，由名词 ship（船）转化而来；goods 货物
- 仿写：The company will __________ the products to Europe. (ship)
3. "We always clean and tidy our houses before the Spring Festival."
- 意思：我们总是在春节前打扫整理房屋。
- 知识点：clean（动词）打扫（来自形容词 clean）；tidy（动词）整理（来自形容词 tidy）
- 仿写：You should __________ your room every day. (tidy)
4. "Confucius said, 'To make a mistake and not correct it — this is a real mistake.'"
- 意思：孔子说：“过而不改，是谓过矣。”
- 知识点：correct（动词）改正（来自形容词 correct）；make a mistake 犯错误
- 仿写：If you find a mistake, please __________ it. (correct)
5. "One kind word can make people warm in winter."
- 意思：一句善言能让人在冬天感到温暖。
- 知识点：warm（形容词）温暖的；make + 宾语 + 形容词 使某人……
- 仿写：The fire made the room __________. (warm)
6. "Some Chinese women like dressing themselves in qipao for the party."
- 意思：一些中国女性喜欢在聚会上穿旗袍。
- 知识点：dress（动词）穿衣，来自名词 dress；dress oneself 给自己穿衣服
- 仿写：She __________ her baby every morning. (dress)
7. "Businessmen traded silk and other goods with different countries along the Silk Road."
- 意思：商人在丝绸之路上与不同国家进行丝绸和其他商品的贸易。
- 知识点：trade（动词）交易，来自名词 trade；trade with 与……交易
- 仿写：China __________ with many countries. (trade)
8. "She chose some colorful paper-cuts and a pair of Spring Festival couplets, and handed them to her mother."
- 意思：她选了一些彩色剪纸和一副春联，递给了妈妈。
- 知识点：hand（动词）递给，来自名词 hand；hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
- 仿写：Please __________ the book to me. (hand)
9. "After a day's hard work, Ms. Li wanted to free her mind by enjoying Beijing Opera."
- 意思：辛苦工作一天后，李女士想通过欣赏京剧来放松心情。
- 知识点：free（动词）使自由，释放，来自形容词 free；free one's mind 放松心情
- 仿写：Listening to music can __________ my stress. (free)
三、配套练习
Activity 2 选词填空
用方框中的词的正确形式填空。
warm free dress trade hand
1. A Chinese saying goes, “One kind word can make people ______ in winter.”
2. Some Chinese women like ______ themselves in qipao for the party.
3. Businessmen ______ silk and other goods with different countries along the Silk Road.
4. She chose some colorful paper-cuts and a pair of Spring Festival couplets, and ______ them to her mother.
5. After a day’s hard work, Ms. Li wanted to ______ her mind by enjoying Beijing Opera.
Activity 3 词性讨论
阅读短文，讨论每个下列词是名词、形容词还是动词。
For Chinese people, tea presents Chinese culture. Tea is usually one of the first choices for presents during traditional festivals. There are many types of tea, such as green tea, black tea and white tea. These names come from the colors of the tea leaves. For example, we name it white tea because there is something white covering tea leaves. We use hot water to make tea instead of cool water. However, hot tea can cool you down.
- presents (第一处) __________
- presents (第二处) __________
- name (第一处) __________
- name (第二处) __________
- cool (第一处) __________
- cool (第二处) __________
拓展练习
一、写出下列句子中划线单词的词性和中文意思
1. Farmers use water to water the plants.
第一个 water：__________，中文：__________
第二个 water：__________，中文：__________
2. Please hand me that book.
hand：__________，中文：__________
3. The room is clean. Let's clean it.
第一个 clean：__________，中文：__________
第二个 clean：__________，中文：__________
4. She dressed quickly and put on her new dress.
第一个 dress：__________，中文：__________
第二个 dress：__________，中文：__________
5. We trade with many countries. This trade is important.
第一个 trade：__________，中文：__________
第二个 trade：__________，中文：__________
6. The answer is correct. Please correct the wrong ones.
第一个 correct：__________，中文：__________
第二个 correct：__________，中文：__________
7. The water is cool. Let it cool down.
第一个 cool：__________，中文：__________
第二个 cool：__________，中文：__________
8. He is free now. He wants to free the bird.
第一个 free：__________，中文：__________
第二个 free：__________，中文：__________
二、用所给词的适当形式填空（注意词性转换）
1. My mother asked me to __________ (tidy) my room.
2. Please __________ (hand) in your homework on time.
3. They __________ (ship) the goods to Shanghai yesterday.
4. You should __________ (water) the garden every morning.
5. The students __________ (name) their team "The Eagles".
6. We need to __________ (clean) the classroom after school.
7. The song __________ (warm) my heart.
8. She __________ (dress) her little sister every morning.
9. The company __________ (trade) with many countries.
10. Can you __________ (free) some time to help me
第二部分：Object clause (I)（宾语从句 I）
一、语法讲解
宾语从句（Object Clause）
宾语从句是在主句中充当宾语的句子。本单元学习由 that 引导的宾语从句。
结构： 主句 + that + 从句（陈述句语序）
连词 that： that 在宾语从句中没有实际意义，只起连接作用，在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。
时态规则：
一般现在时 根据实际情况使用任何时态 I know (that) he is a teacher.
一般现在时 根据实际情况使用任何时态 She says (that) she will come tomorrow.
一般过去时 从句需用相应的过去时态 He said (that) he was busy.
一般过去时 从句需用相应的过去时态 They told me (that) they had finished.
注意：
- 当主句是过去时，从句通常要将时态改为相应的过去时（一般现在时→一般过去时，现在进行时→过去进行时，一般将来时→过去将来时，现在完成时→过去完成时）。
- 如果从句表达的是客观真理、自然现象、名言警句等，即使主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。
- 例：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
二、重点句型解析
1. "Lingling told me that you wanted to visit the museum."
- 意思：玲玲告诉我你想去参观博物馆。
- 知识点：主句 Lingling told me 是一般过去时，从句用 wanted（一般过去时）保持一致。
- 仿写：He said that he __________ (like) playing basketball.
2. "I heard that there was going to be a show about the Silk Road there."
- 意思：我听说那里将有一场关于丝绸之路的展览。
- 知识点：主句 I heard 是一般过去时，从句用 was going to be（过去将来时）。
- 仿写：They thought that it __________ (rain) the next day.
3. "The museum is open every day except Mondays."
- 意思：博物馆除周一外每天都开放。
- 知识点：except 除……之外；be open 开放（状态）
- 仿写：The shop is open every day __________ Sundays.
4. "Lingling says (that) she is learning to make spring rolls from her mom now."
- 意思：玲玲说她现在正在跟妈妈学做春卷。
- 知识点：主句 Lingling says 是一般现在时，从句用现在进行时 is learning（根据实际情况）。
- 仿写：My mother says (that) she __________ (cook) dinner now.
5. "The teacher told us (that) there was going to be a qipao show next week."
- 意思：老师告诉我们下周将有一场旗袍展。
- 知识点：主句 told 是过去时，从句用 was going to be（过去将来时）。
- 仿写：He told me that he __________ (visit) the Great Wall the next day.
6. "I know (that) swinging is a traditional Chinese folk sport."
- 意思：我知道荡秋千是中国传统的民间运动。
- 知识点：主句 I know 是现在时，从句用一般现在时 is（客观事实）。
- 仿写：We know (that) the earth __________ (go) around the sun.
7. "The article tells us that swinging usually happens during the Dragon Boat Festival."
- 意思：文章告诉我们荡秋千通常发生在端午节期间。
- 知识点：主句 tells 是现在时，从句用一般现在时 happens（客观事实）。
- 仿写：The book tells us that water __________ (boil) at 100°C.
拓展练习
一、单项选择
( ) 1. I know ______ he is a good student.
A. what B. that C. if D. when
( ) 2. She told me ______ she would come to the party.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 3. He says ______ he has finished his homework.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 4. The teacher said that the earth ______ around the sun.
A. goes B. went C. go D. going
( ) 5. I heard that there ______ a football match tomorrow.
A. will be B. would be C. is D. was
( ) 6. My mother told me that she ______ cooking at that time.
A. is B. was C. will be D. would be
( ) 7. We think that you ______ right.
A. are B. were C. will be D. have been
( ) 8. He said that he ______ to Beijing the next week.
A. will go B. would go C. goes D. went
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. I think (that) she __________ (be) a good teacher.
2. He said (that) he __________ (like) playing football.
3. They told me (that) they __________ (visit) the museum the next day.
4. We know (that) light __________ (travel) faster than sound.
5. My sister says (that) she __________ (read) a book now.
6. The teacher told us (that) we __________ (have) an exam next week.
7. I heard that they __________ (win) the game yesterday.
8. She thought that he __________ (be) waiting for her at that moment.
三、合并句子（用 that 连接）
1. He is a doctor. I know.
→ I know __________ he __________ a doctor.
2. She will come tomorrow. She says.
→ She says __________ she __________ come tomorrow.
3. They were playing basketball. He told me.
→ He told me __________ they __________ playing basketball.
4. The earth is round. The teacher told us.
→ The teacher told us __________ the earth __________ round.
5. I have finished my work. I think.
→ I think __________ I __________ finished my work.
四、翻译句子
1. 我知道他是一名好学生。
________________________________________________
2. 她说她会来参加聚会。
________________________________________________
3. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
________________________________________________
4. 我听说明天会有一场足球赛。
________________________________________________
5. 他认为他能在考试中取得好成绩。
________________________________________________
教师版（含答案）
第一部分：Conversion
句型解析答案
1. Please water the flowers every day.
2. The company will ship the products to Europe.
3. You should tidy your room every day.
4. If you find a mistake, please correct it.
5. The fire made the room warm.
6. She dresses her baby every morning.
7. China trades with many countries.
8. Please hand the book to me.
9. Listening to music can free my stress.
配套练习答案
Activity 2
1. warm
2. dressing
3. traded
4. handed
5. free
Activity 3
- presents (第一处)：动词，意为“展现”
- presents (第二处)：名词，意为“礼物”
- name (第一处)：名词，意为“名字”
- name (第二处)：动词，意为“命名”
- cool (第一处)：形容词，意为“凉的”
- cool (第二处)：动词，意为“使冷却”
拓展练习
一、写出下列句子中划线单词的词性和中文意思
1. 第一个 water：名词，水；第二个 water：动词，浇水
2. hand：动词，递给
3. 第一个 clean：形容词，干净的；第二个 clean：动词，打扫
4. 第一个 dress：动词，穿衣；第二个 dress：名词，连衣裙
5. 第一个 trade：动词，交易；第二个 trade：名词，贸易
6. 第一个 correct：形容词，正确的；第二个 correct：动词，改正
7. 第一个 cool：形容词，凉的；第二个 cool：动词，使冷却
8. 第一个 free：形容词，自由的；第二个 free：动词，使自由
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. tidy
2. hand
3. shipped
4. water
5. named
6. clean
7. warms
8. dresses
9. trades
10. free
第二部分：Object clause (I)
句型解析答案
1. He said that he liked playing basketball.
2. They thought that it would rain the next day.
3. The shop is open every day except Sundays.
4. My mother says that she is cooking dinner now.
5. He told me that he would visit the Great Wall the next day.
6. We know that the earth goes around the sun.
7. The book tells us that water boils at 100°C.
拓展练习
一、单项选择
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. is
2. liked
3. would visit
4. travels
5. is reading
6. would have
7. had won
8. was
三、合并句子
1. I know that he is a doctor.
2. She says that she will come tomorrow.
3. He told me that they were playing basketball.
4. The teacher told us that the earth is round.
5. I think that I have finished my work.
四、翻译句子
1. I know that he is a good student.
2. She said that she would come to the party.
3. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
4. I heard that there would be a football match tomorrow.
5. He thinks that he can get good grades in the exam.

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