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沪教（牛津）英语八上Unit4 Inventions
重要知识点讲解
一、重点单词
1. central / sentr l/ adj. 在中心的
核心讲解：形容词，意为“在中心的”。其名词形式为 centre/center（中心；中央），常用短语：in the centre/center of…（在……的中心）。
例句：Our classroom is in the central building of our school, so it is very convenient.
2. invent / n vent/ v. 发明
核心讲解：及物动词，意为“发明”，指创造以前未曾有过的东西。
易混辨析：
invent：发明以前不存在的新事物。
discover：发现客观上已存在但之前不为人知的事物。
例句：Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, which changed the world.
3. avoid / v d/ v. 避免；防止
核心讲解：及物动词，意为“避免；防止”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
例句：We should avoid eating too much junk food if we want to keep healthy.
4. notice / n t s/ v. 看（或听）到；注意到
核心讲解：及物动词，常见结构：
notice sb do sth 注意到某人做了某事（强调全过程）
notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事（强调动作正在进行）
notice + that 从句 注意到……
也可作名词，意为“布告；通告”。
例句：I noticed a small cat sleeping under the bench when I walked past the park.
（图1四会词补充3个重点）
5. although / l / conj. 虽然；尽管；即使
核心讲解：连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，不能与 but 同时使用。
例句：Although it was raining heavily, the football match still took place as planned.
6. benefit / ben f t/ n. 益处；优势
核心讲解：可数名词，意为“益处；优势”，也可作动词，意为“有益于”。
例句：The new traffic rules will bring many benefits to the people in our city.
7. distance / d st ns/ n. 距离
核心讲解：名词，意为“距离”，常见短语：at a distance（在远处）、from a distance（从远处）。
例句：The distance from my home to the school is about three kilometres.
二、重点短语
1. steam locomotive 蒸汽机车
核心讲解：名词短语，指以蒸汽为动力的早期火车头。
例句：The steam locomotive was one of the most important inventions during the Industrial Revolution.
2. crewed spacecraft 载人航天器
核心讲解：名词短语，指可搭载宇航员进行太空任务的航天器。
例句：China sent its first crewed spacecraft, Shenzhou 5, into space in 2003.
3. on foot 步行
核心讲解：介词短语，意为“步行”，表示出行方式。
例句：I usually go to school on foot because my home is very close to the school.
4. a number of 几个；若干
核心讲解：意为“几个；若干”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。
易混辨析：
a number of：意为“几个；若干”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。
the number of：意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。
例句：A number of students are waiting outside the library to borrow new books.
5. take place 发生；进行
核心讲解：意为“发生；进行”，通常指非偶然性事件的发生，强调事先安排或计划好的事情。
易混辨析：
take place：指事先安排或计划好的事件发生。
happen：指偶然事件的发生。
例句：The school sports meeting will take place next Friday if the weather is fine.
6. for instance 例如；比如
核心讲解：介词短语，意为“例如；比如”，用于举例说明，相当于 for example。
例句：Many countries, for instance Japan and South Korea, have developed high-speed trains.
7. large amounts of 大量
核心讲解：介词短语，意为“大量”，后接不可数名词，谓语动词用复数。
例句：Large amounts of plastic waste are polluting our oceans, which is a serious problem.
8. international trade 国际贸易
核心讲解：名词短语，指国家之间的商品和服务交换。
例句：International trade has become more and more important in the global economy.
9. depend on 依靠；依赖
核心讲解：动词短语，意为“依靠；依赖”，后可接名词、代词等作宾语，介词 on 可替换成 upon。也可意为“取决于”。
例句：We should learn to depend on ourselves instead of our parents all the time.
10. 3D printer 3D打印机
核心讲解：名词短语，指可以打印三维物体的设备。
例句：A 3D printer can be used to make small models of buildings or other objects.
11. without doubt 毫无疑问
核心讲解：介词短语，意为“毫无疑问”，用于强调某事的真实性或重要性。
例句：Without doubt, the invention of the Internet is one of the most important events in modern history.
12. of all time 自古以来；有史以来
核心讲解：介词短语，意为“自古以来；有史以来”，用于强调某事物在历史上的地位。
例句：Michael Jackson is considered one of the greatest singers of all time.
13. make fun of 取笑；拿……开玩笑
核心讲解：动词短语，意为“取笑；拿……开玩笑”，后接名词或代词作宾语。
例句：It is not polite to make fun of other people’s mistakes or shortcomings.
14. traffic jam 堵车；交通阻塞
核心讲解：名词短语，意为“堵车；交通阻塞”，指道路上车辆过多导致的拥堵。
例句：We were late for the concert because we were stuck in a traffic jam for an hour.
三、重点句式
1. not only… but also… 结构
核心讲解：意为“不但……而且……”，用于连接两个并列成分，also 有时可省略。当 not only 位于句首时，前一分句常用倒装语序。
例句：
The Internet not only makes our life more convenient, but also helps us learn more knowledge.
Not only can we chat with friends online, but we can also take online courses.
2. so that 引导目的状语从句
核心讲解：意为“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词 can, could, may 等。也可引导结果状语从句，意为“所以；结果”。
例句：
We should take a map with us so that we will not get lost in the forest.
He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the airport.
四、核心语法
1、形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化
常见不规则变化：
good/well → better → best
many/much → more → most
bad/badly → worse → worst
far → farther/further → farthest/furthest
易混辨析：
farther：作副词时，意为“更远地；在更大程度上”；作形容词时，意为“更远的”。
further：作副词时，意为“更远地；在更大程度上”；作形容词时，意为“更多的；附加的”。
例句：
This movie is much better than the one we saw last week.
I can run farther than my best friend in the 1000-meter race.
2、“as… as…” 的用法
核心讲解：意为“和……一样……”，两个 as 中间加形容词或副词的原级，表示同级比较。
肯定形式：as… as… 和……一样……
否定形式：not as/so… as… 和……不一样……；不如……
例句：
This new mobile phone is as thin as a credit card, which is very convenient to carry.
He does not study as hard as his deskmate, so he always gets lower marks in exams.

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