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gap-filling
——说明文
说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式，对事物、事理、方法、程序等进行客观解释、介绍或阐述的文体。其核心目的是传递知识、解释现象、说明规律，而不是表达情感或讲述故事。
以下是说明文的主要特征：
一、写作目的明确
· 知识性：旨在向读者传授知识、解释概念或说明方法。
· 实用性：常用于指导操作、解释规则、介绍产品等。
· 客观性：注重事实与逻辑，不掺杂作者个人情感或主观评价。
二、结构清晰有序
· 逻辑性强：常按时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如因果、分类、对比）或重要性顺序组织内容。
· 条理分明：常用小标题、分点列举、序号等使内容层次清晰。
结构常见形式：
· 总分总：先总述，后分述，再总结。
· 递进式：由浅入深，逐步推进。
· 并列式：分点平行说明。
三、语言简洁准确
· 客观严谨：避免夸张、抒情，多用中性词、专业术语（必要时解释）。
· 简明扼要：直接表达，不赘述。
· 常用句式：
· 判断句：“……是……”。
· 陈述句：直接说明事实。
· 被动句：突出客观性（如“实验结果表明……”）。
While technology addicts teens to their devices, they are not helpless against the draw of it.Here are five ways educators can support their students' digital well-being.
Explore design tricks companies use.The technology we use daily is designed to catch and hold our attention.Companies know what keeps our eyes on the screen.To help, teachers can unpack design tricks and explain how companies employ features like auto-play to get users to stay on their apps. (1) ------
Talk about how technology can increase feelings of anxiety.The decline in youth mental health is associated with an increase in social media use. (2)___We can help our students by allowing them to consider the benefits of technology and then to think about changing the habits that aren't serving their well- being.
(3)___Social media can bring the feeling:"All my friends have better lives than me."Plus, design features like"read receipts" can lead to teens knowing their messages have been seen and stressing about why friends haven't yet replied.These are classic examples of thinking traps.Identifying them can help teens get rid of some negative thoughts.
Uncover the ways that Al can play a role in misinformation.Al is rapidly transforming the world.Recommendation algorithms(算法), which determine what we do and do not see on our feeds and in our search results, can have very real consequences. (4)_____By understanding how these technologies work, students can start to enjoy more benefits of technology
Encourage families to have meaningful conversations with their child.Take the time to share with families the topics and resources you're teaching in class. (5)___Knowing we're all in the same boat is crucial.
A. Social media is ruining our life.
B.Connect them with their inner world.
C. Build their awareness of thinking traps.
D. This by no means indicates all technology is bad.
E. They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views.
F. It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being.
G. Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention.
1. 标题句的特征及解题技巧
1.解题技巧：
段落标题句：1.观察其他段落标题的表达形式；2.段落标题句的特点：短小且语言精炼，以祈使句或短句为主；3.阅读段落内容，提炼中心句，留意体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词。
Four Study Habits You Should Be Practicing
With exams, essays, projects, and many deadlines for different things, effective study habits are necessary.___1___If you are in need of a bit of an improvement, keep reading for the top four study habits that you should be practicing.
1. Make and use flash cards. …
2. Revise,revise, revise!….
3. ___4___.…
4.Re-write your notes.
These are the four most effective study habits, and something all successful students do. Make sure you are on top of your game by following these study methods!
Task:小标题
A. Watch related lectures and videos.
B. One method of revising is to make a mind-map.
C. Use these graded tests to create a new practice test.
D. Having these great study habits can make things easier.
E. However, it's actually an ineffective method of preparing and studying.
F. Flash cards are designed to improve active memory recall of information.
G. You will be able to picture your written notes
when you are taking the exam. .
keep reading for the top four study habits that you should be practicing.
1. Make and use flash cards. …
2. Revise,revise, revise!….
3. ___4___.…
4.Re-write your notes.
Task:小标题
B
2.段首句
段首题具有鲜明的语言特征，要么是段落标题句(主旨句)，要么就是段落主题句。
1.段落小标题：概括段落大意，特征突出，短小且语言精炼
2.段落主题句：段落主旨概括性，与其它段落承上启下
首先应当采取形似原则，观察与其他段落首句是否出现相同结构，一般考查祈使句的相同结构居多。其次应当研读上一段的内容，尤其是上一段结尾的内容，结合本段内容，看选项是否符合逻辑上的紧密衔接
While technology addicts teens to their devices, they are not helpless against the draw of it.Here are five ways educators can support their students' digital well-being.
Explore design tricks companies use......
Talk about how technology can increase feelings of anxiety.......
(3)___Social media can bring the feeling:"All my friends have better lives than me."Plus, design features like"read receipts" can lead to teens knowing their messages have been seen and stressing about why friends haven't yet replied.These are classic examples of thinking traps.Identifying them can help teens get rid of some negative thoughts.
A. Social media is ruining our life.
B.Connect them with their inner world.
C. Build their awareness of thinking traps.
D. This by no means indicates all technology is bad.
E. They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views.
F. It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being.
G. Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention.
Task:段首句
C
3.段中句
设空处在段中，是文中起到承上启下作用的句子。
具体解题步骤如下：
第一步：寻找下句中是否出现人称代词或指示代词，该词与选项存在指代关系。
第二步：瞻前顾后，关注段落小标题。同时重点关注上下句之间的逻辑关系是否存在如例证、解释、递增、转折等关系，寻找表示逻辑关系的衔接词或过渡词。同时，寻找与上句之间是否出现相同或相似的句式结构。
第二步：将选项代入设空处，看与上句和下句之间是否符合逻辑。
段中设空题通常考查过渡句和细节句。
段中句若位于主题句后，很可能是说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主题、解释前面句中的某个概念等；位于段落中间可能起衔接作用。要重点阅读空前一句和空后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系，或者根据意义的连贯性得出答案。解题时要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的语篇标志词(关联词)。
常考逻辑关系
①总分关系：指选项是中心句；
②并列关系：指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；
③递进关系：指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；
④转折关系；指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图；
⑤例证关系：指后句是前句的具体实例。
⑥概括阐释：指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；
⑦因果关系：指选项与前后句构成因果关系。
While technology addicts teens to their devices, they are not helpless against the draw of it.Here are five ways educators can support their students' digital well-being.
Explore design tricks companies use......
Talk about how technology can increase feelings of anxiety.The decline in youth mental health is associated with an increase in social media use. (2)___We can help our students by allowing them to consider the benefits of technology and then to think about changing the habits that aren't serving their well- being.
A. Social media is ruining our life.
B.Connect them with their inner world.
C. Build their awareness of thinking traps.
D. This by no means indicates all technology is bad.
E. They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views.
F. It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being.
G. Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention.
Task:段首句
D
While technology addicts teens to their devices, they are not helpless against the draw of it.Here are five ways educators can support their students' digital well-being.
Explore design tricks companies use......
Talk about how technology can increase feelings of anxiety.The decline in youth mental health is associated with an increase in social media use. (2)___We can help our students by allowing them to consider the benefits of technology and then to think about changing the habits that aren't serving their well- being.
A. Social media is ruining our life.
B.Connect them with their inner world.
C. Build their awareness of thinking traps.
D. This by no means indicates all technology is bad.
E. They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views.
F. It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being.
G. Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention.
Uncover the ways that Al can play a role in misinformation.Al is rapidly transforming the world.Recommendation algorithms(算法), which determine what we do and do not see on our feeds and in our search results, can have very real consequences. (4)_____By understanding how these technologies work, students can start to enjoy more benefits of technology
Encourage families to have meaningful conversations with their child.Take the time to share with families the topics and resources you're teaching in class. (5)___Knowing we're all in the same boat is crucial.
A. Social media is ruining our life.
B.Connect them with their inner world.
C. Build their awareness of thinking traps.
D. This by no means indicates all technology is bad.
E. They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views.
F. It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being.
G. Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention.
Task:段首句
E
F
4.段尾句
段尾句通常具有，应当注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词。有时，段尾句和段首句呈现出首尾呼应的现象，也是检查选项的一个重要参考。
如何应对段尾句考查
1．细节句：①与上文是转折或对比关系；②与上文是并列或递进关系。
2．总结句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语，如therefore、 as a result、 thus、 to sum up、 to conclude、 in a word等。
3．段落过渡句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。
While technology addicts teens to their devices, they are not helpless against the draw of it.Here are five ways educators can support their students' digital well-being.
Explore design tricks companies use.The technology we use daily is designed to catch and hold our attention.Companies know what keeps our eyes on the screen.To help, teachers can unpack design tricks and explain how companies employ features like auto-play to get users to stay on their apps. (1) ------
A. Social media is ruining our life.
B.Connect them with their inner world.
C. Build their awareness of thinking traps.
D. This by no means indicates all technology is bad.
E. They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views.
F. It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being.
G. Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention.
Task:段尾句
G
做7选5阅读常用的技巧
1.利用词汇关系解题
词汇复现法是为了保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同位置反复出现。在做题时考生要注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。
词汇复现：原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、反义词复现、同源词复现。
识别词汇复现的方法：1.着重阅读空前、空后两句，锁定关键词，在选项中查找关键词。2.正确选项中的关键词一般重复前一句中的关键词，且与下一句的关键词呼应。
做7选5阅读常用的技巧
2.利用一致关系解题
一致性原则包括：①句式一致：如果文章有小标题，其句式往往统一，多为祈使句或名词短语。通过观察前后段落的小标题句式，可以确定设空处的正确选项。若无小标题，可依据前后段的句首句式，利用句式一致原则进行判断。同样，段中句也可通过上下句式结构的一致性来判断正确答案。
②指代一致：句子中的代词与上下文的名词之间存在一致的指代关系。通过仔细分析空白处前后的名词，可以明确这种指代关系，从而确定正确选项。
③问答一致：在解答7选5题目时，如果选项或文章中出现了疑问句，我们可以通过下文的答语来确定上文的问句内容，反之亦然。
④主从句一致：在考查含状语从句的复合句时，如果空在前，则空白后部分以小写字母开头。找到备选项中不能独立成句的选项，再根据主从句一致原则确定正确答案。
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