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(共29张PPT)
阅读理解之
词义猜测题
Strategies for guessing word meanings
Learning aims
1. Master some tips of guessing the meanings of unfamiliar words, phrases or sentences from context.
2. Develop your ability to analyse, compare and summarize.
3. Be brave and confident in face of difficulty.
Lead-in
Lucy married a man who owns a big company and has millions of dollars. He is really a fat cat.
Peter is very lazy and he never does his homework. He can go to a university when pigs fly.
a rich man
Impossible
Lead-in
月考中词义猜测题的得分率
01
考纲解读
02
合作探究
04
课堂小结
03
当堂训练
目录
CONTENTS
01
考纲解读
Part
4. 简单推理和判断
5.理解文章基本结构
6. 理解作者意图和态度
1. 理解主旨要义
2. 理解文中具体信息
3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的意义
高考对阅读理解的考查要求
2021-2024年高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表
2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年
新高考全国I卷 1短语 shine through 1单词 declutter 1短语 embark on 1单词
decimate
新高考全国II卷 1短语 In the wrong hands 1短语 relate to 1短语 hit home for me 1短语
get up to mischief
全国甲卷 1短语 take this behavior up a notch 1短语 a dab hand 1短语 take the plunge 1短语
safe! safe! safe!
全国乙卷 -------- 1单词 conversation 1单词 maintenance 1单词
concede
常见的设问方式
1. What does the underlined word “...” in paragraph X probably mean/ refer to
2. The word "..." in paragraph X means ______
3. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “...”？
4. The underlined word “...” could be replaced by “______”.
5.What does the underlined word “this/that/it/they...” refer to
02
合作探究
Part
1
2
4
3
解释说明法
定义，举例，定语，同位语，标点
语境法
分析句子成分，上下文语境
逻辑关系法
转折，并列，因果关系
构词法
合成，派生，转化
How to guess
Logical relation
Explanation
Word formation
Context
Tip 1: 根据对比关系猜测词义。句中有
______________________________________________________________ ___________________________等表转折的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可猜测生词词义。
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother in contrast, is quite modest.
Example 1 逻辑关系法
but , yet, however, while, unlike, instead (of), on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary
傲慢的
Tip 2: 根据______关系猜测词义。表示_____关系的信号词有：_______________________________________________________等。
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator（管理者） because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
Example 2 逻辑关系法
因果
独裁的；专制的
因果
because, so, therefore, thus, as a result, so...that
Tip 3: 由生词后的_________(从句)或定语从句可猜词义。常见信号词有________________________________________________________
______________等。
The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing.
Example 3解释说明法
注意：同位语有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等表示。
同位语
be, mean, refer to, namely, that is (to say), in other words, like
听诊器
Tip 4: 根据_______猜测词义。这类信号词有 __________________________________________________________ 等短语。
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machine, fridge and color TV sets.
Example 4 解释说明法
举例
电器
for example, such as, for instance, consist of, include, especially
Tip 5: 根据_____________猜测词义，叫做构词法。
Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools
Example 5构词法
构词法知识
男女同校的
根据 educational（教育的），结合前缀co-(共同，一起）和 single-sex schools,可推测 co-educational 的意思是“男女同校的”
Tip 6: 上下文法：俗话说，“词不离句，句不离文”。特定的 ________往往是推测词义不可忽视的重要因素。
The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting.
Example 6 语境法
上下文
聚集
03
当堂训练
Part
这些场景可能在数百年前被绘制，距离现在已经十分久远，后一分句与前一分句构成转折关系，表示但是我们现在仍然能够理解画中描绘的那些时刻。故选A。
逻辑关系法---转折关系
Practice
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·C片段] In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed（描绘） alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean ( )
A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform.
A
解释说明法即用上下文的定义、从句（同位语或定语从句）或例子来猜测词义;另外逗号，破折号，冒号等标点也能帮助定位解释句来推断词义。
根据下文的“by ensuring that all participants use the same equipment”可知,确保所有参赛选手在相同的环境背景下使用相同的设备来保证比赛的公平性,因此该短语表示“公平竞争”。
解释说明法
Practice
[2024·皖北协作区·B片段]With weather conditions as bad as they are during this unique race, any kind of technical advantage can make a huge difference. Therefore, organizers try to level the playing field by ensuring that all participants use the same equipment --- a single-speed aluminum Gazelle city bike with back-pedal brakes. The only things that can provide an advantage are fitness and endurance(忍耐力).
25. What do the underlined words " level the playing field " in paragraph 4 mean
A. Keep the race fair. B.Grade the race.
C. Make the field flat. D. Hold the competition.
A
利用构词法猜测词义，即根据合成，派生和转化法。
intelligible adj. 易懂的，容易理解的 加un形容词的否定前缀，意为“难以理解的”；
comprehend v. 理解 comprehensible adj. 可理解的 加un形容词的否定前缀，意为“难以理解的”
构词法
Practice
[2024·阜阳统测·B片段]My wish to write, however, made me unintelligible to my mother. She couldn't understand why I'd spoil other better chances. I'd tried to communicate with her in Chinese, searching my mind for sentences: How could I describe my gratitude for a path to self-fulfillment when all I could say was “kai xin”or “happy” Without the words to bridge the gap between our worldviews, our dissatisfaction and worry turned into stubbornness.
25. What do the underlined word " unintelligible " in paragraph 2 mean
A. Sensitive B. Sympathetic C. Grateful D. Incomprehensible
D
根据第二段第一句“When I was young, fashion was my world.”可知，作者对时尚非常感兴趣，所以会在书店里“认真阅读(read attentively)”各种时尚杂志，故选B。
语境法——上下文
Practice
[2024·江南十校·C片段]When I was young, fashion was my world．I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore, desiring to be tall, thin, and have long, shiny hair to fit the ideal．I wanted to be like those models, so I stopped eating．It was a tough time; my eating disorder consumed me．It took years to break free from its control, allowing me to focus on my true passions.
28．What does the underlined phrase “pored over” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Classified carefully. B．Read attentively.
C．Compared thoroughly. D．Recommended sincerely.
B
根据 “one of the first to … Residents really welcome the idea of the project 和We are looking forward to the benefits …..可知是“开始”的意思。故C选项正确。
语境法——上下文
Practice
[2022·新高考·全国I卷·C片段]Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street,
one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
C
根据第二段第一句“shrink and grow older”可知，喜欢爵士乐的观众在减少，年龄也趋于高龄化，而Jason Moran要帮助改变这一切，故选C。
代词指代——“就近原则”
Practice
[2]Despite the celebrations, though, in the US，the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
[3]It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
29. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
C
04
课堂小结
Part
Summary
Locate the underlined word
Analyse the relation with codes
Compare and choose the answer
Reread and confirm the answer
核查
对比
分析
定位
确认需猜测的词、短语或句子在文中的位置
仔细对比，找出与原句意思吻合的选项
细读与画线句有意义关联的信息句，合理推断画线句的句意
将初选定的答案代入原句，再读以确定答案
Unfamiliar words are just like setbacks in our life.
You can choose to ignore it or turn to others for help, but most of time you will have to overcome it on your own.
No matter what difficulty you come across in your life, remember that as long as you don’t lose heart, you are sure to find a way out.
Homework
Xiaomi: Chinese smartphone giant takes on Tesla
Chinese smartphone maker Xiaomi has launched its first electric vehicle (EV) and started taking orders.
At the event, the technology giant's chief executive Lei Jun said the standard SU7 model would be priced at
215,900 yuan ($29,872; 23,663). The Max version would cost 299,900 yuan.
The firm says it got over 50,000 orders within the first 27 minutes of sales.
Xiaomi's entry into the electric car market comes as sales growth has slowed globally. This has triggered a
price war.
The move sees the technology giant taking on EV rivals including Tesla and BYD. The starting price in China
for Tesla's Model 3 is 245,900 yuan.
Mr Lei also said the SU7 would have a minimum range of 700km (435 miles). This beats the Tesla Model 3's
567km.
The firm is hoping that the SU7's shared operating system with its phones, laptops and other devices will
appeal to existing customers.
"While getting this far is itself quite an achievement, the ultimate achievement would be to demonstrate that
there is a consumer market for Xiaomi as a smart EVs brand," said Bill Russo of Automobility.
In an indication of the challenges facing technology firms who want to make electric cars, iPhone maker Apple last month reportedly cancelled its plans to build an EV. ( From BBC NEWS)
A. employs
B. accepts
C. competes against
A. caused
B. reduced
C. settled
A. sales
B. opponents
C. technologies
Thanks

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