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(共33张PPT)
主
旨
大
意
阅读理解
每套题都有一或两道道题要求考生归纳文章主旨
1-2题
段落/文章大意
题干中含有main idea; mainly about 如：
What is the first/second paragraph mainly about
What is the main idea of the text
What is the text mainly about
文章标题
题干中含有title如：
What is the best title for the text
What can be a suitable title for the text
写作意图
题干中含有purpose如：
The purpose of this article is to …
The author intends to...
What’s the purpose of the passage
Type 1
段落大意
Type 2
文章大意
Type 3
文章标题
Type 4
写作意图
1.主题句法
How
1.仔细阅读篇章首段/段落首句（a.直接开门见山表明）
（b. 问题/现象/故事/例子等引入后的内容）
(c. 某些信号词后）
2. 仔细阅读篇章尾段（尤其是记叙文，一般在尾段揭示价值观）
3.关注某人说的话（援用名人名言时为了证明观点的）信号词：according to sb; as sb says
In summary
Overal
In conclusion
Therefore
In a word
All in all
表总结性的词
but, yet, still
instead,
however,
nevertheless, in fact, actually,
in deed
表转折类的词
for example,
for instance,
take ... as an example,
such as,
like,
表举例子词前
find，discover, uncover 发现
suggest, show, showcase, demonstrate, illustrate表明
indicate, 暗示
reveal, disclose揭示
提示研究发现/结果
B(25一卷）
In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's,and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,who'd created these people,knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay,which was about the question:“Why is writing important ”Most of the essays filled less than one page,and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点)statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn't strike them as important.This would have to change.
记叙文
As a new unit started,I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments,a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop,I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁)and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However,my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June,I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance—the ability to connect people,to put us in another's skin,to teach us what it means to be human.
27.What does the author's experience show
A.Teaching is learning.B.Still waters run deep.
C.Knowledge is power.D.Practice makes perfect.
B
B（25.10江南十校）
Harold Simmons never intended to become a neighborhood legend (传奇). At 73, he was just a retired worker with too much time and an empty backyard. What started as a simple garden railroad project quickly became something extraordinary.
It began with a single circular track and an old steam engine he'd rescued from a sale. Each day, he would add tiny details - a tiny general store, a little church and some handcrafted trees. The neighborhood children would sometimes look over the fence, their eyes wide with wonder.
One particularly curious 10-year-old named Maya started visiting regularly after school. Her working parents appreciated that Harold didn't mind her watching him work. He'd explain each tiny detail. Word spread. Neighbors who had previously just waved politely stopped to admire Harold's growing landscape. Children brought their parents. Retired workers shared stories about the real trains and towns the models represented.
When the local elementary school heard about Harold's project, they asked if he'd be willing to host a field trip. Harold was surprised. Suddenly, classrooms of children were learning history, engineering, and creativity through his tiny railroad.
Maya convinced her uncle to create a website showing Harold's railroad. It went popular locally and then regionally. People started sending him miniature (微型的) pieces like a tiny water tower from Wisconsin. Soon the railroad became a living history museum, a classroom, and a gathering place.
On weekends, Harold would let children control the trains, their small hands carefully managing the controls and their faces lit up with pure joy. Some parents noticed their kids were learning patience, precision, and storytelling through this simple hobby.
By the time Harold turned 80, his backyard had become a community landmark. Local schools included visits into their curriculum (课程). Retirement homes organized group trips. Artists and historians turned to him. The tiny tracks became something magical, showing how passion, creativity, and openness could build connections far bigger than anyone could imagine.
27.What lesson can we learn from the text
A. One is never too old to learn.B. Many hands make light work.
C. Education knows no boundaries.D. Small things make a big difference.
D
25江淮十校
French scientists from France's Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) have announced their experiment——carried out on February 12—— has set a new record of1,337 seconds for keeping or maintaining hydrogen atoms in a state called plasma（等离子体）,25 percent longer than the previous one, which was set in China last month.
C
It might seem odd to think of fat as an organ, in part because many of the organs we think about are so contained. There is only one liver, only two kidneys. But adipose tissue (脂肪组织), which communicates with stomach, brain and immune system, is stored all over the body. The most abundant form, white adipose tissue, is beneath the skin. We wrongly associate this tissue with laziness. Instead, it is full of energy. Each cell contains a large drop of liquid filled with multichained molecules (多链分子), which it releases as fuel. The tissue’s ability to grow and shrink is a feature, not a bug. It is constantly swelling and draining, taking up energy and sending it out again multiple times per day. Thanks to fat, our biochemistry function smoothly. (26芜湖师大附中）
13. What’s the main idea of paragraph 3
A. The functions of fat in our body.
B. The harm of fat caused to our body. C. The communication of organs in our body.
D. The components of adipose tissue in our body.
A
2.段首句（尾句）串线法
把每段的首句和尾句串起来，你会发现作者在“埋线索”。
方法：首先提取文章中每段的开头和结尾句，然后把这些句子串联起来，形成
一个文章的大意。转折处尤其要注意，因为转折通常代表了文章立场或核心思想
的变化。
C(25一卷）
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian( 行 人 ) mobility,especially among young children.Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In their new book Movement:How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives,they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长)to champion“New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.”Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor cars.The cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty--six million people,among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through,but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right:it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
31.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Why the Rush B.What's Next C.Where to Stay D.Who to Blame
A
C（25二卷）
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn't have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1, 200 orders in June of2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70, 000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now, ” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone（激素） in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants, ” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces. ”
If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one （or a few!） doesn't make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one, ” Detrinidad says.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood
C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home
B
合肥最后一卷
D
3.高频词法
哪些词出现频率高？哪些词用不同方式反复出现？
方法：文章中反复出现的关键词通常与文章的主旨密切相关。尤其注意文章中
的同义改写，重复出现的主题词就是文章的中心思想。比如，文章反复提到
“climate change”，那么这篇文章的主旨可能与气候变化有关。
25江南十校
D
4.题干串联法
题干中反复提到的词一般就是主题词或主题事物
D（25.10江南十校）
In Costa Rica, even small areas of tree cover can reduce the presence of invasive (入侵的) mosquito species known to spread diseases like dengue fever (登革热), according to a Stanford University-led study published on May 28 in Landscape Ecology. The findings can inform land use decisions and tree-planting strategies in rural areas, according to the researchers.
Using field observations and satellite data on land cover for an area of forests, farms, and residential areas in southern Costa Rica, the researchers found the presence of the Aedes albopictus mosquito, a dengue vector (媒介), decreased in areas with more tree cover while the total number of mosquito species increased. More species demand more space and resources, making it harder for an invasive species to find unoccupied space or resources.
Costa Rica has numerous mosquito-borne diseases and two invasive mosquito species serving as vectors. The forests surveyed in the study hosted a high diversity of mosquito species, none of which were the dengue vector Aedes albopictus. Residential areas, by contrast, had much fewer mosquito species and were far more likely to hold the invasive, disease-spreading species. Agricultural areas fell somewhere in between, with outcomes seemingly tied to the intensity and type of land use.
Natural habitats exist alongside agriculture and development in rural areas. In Costa Rica and beyond, these areas can provide pathways to conserving biodiversity. The study shows that protecting trees can help conserve biodiversity while also reducing the likelihood of disease spread. That's good news in the face of warmer temperatures, changes in rainfall, and human activity that are enabling the spread of mosquito-borne illnesses to new places.
The researchers emphasize the need to do more research to understand how other vector species react to increased tree cover. "We need to know more about what drives dengue in rural areas," said study senior author Erin Mordecai, associate professor of biology in Stanford University. "This work shows forests and tree cover can reduce risk, but intensifying this work is critical to sustaining the progress of fighting this rapidly expanding disease."
35.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Mosquito-borne Disease Risks IncreaseB. Protecting Trees Improves Life Quality
C. Disease-spreading Species Are ComingD. Tree Cover Limits Invasive Mosquitoes
32.How does increased tree cover prevent invasive mosquitoes
33.What can be known about residential areas
34.What is the significance of the study
5.反向否定
撇开原文,拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容,然后和原文对照,一一排除不符选项;
6.排除干扰项
范围过大或过小：干扰选项通常是范围过大或过小的内容，例如：某段的主旨，而不是整篇文章的主旨。
举例：如果文章讨论了多个话题，而干扰选项只集中在某一个小范围的讨论（如某段的主旨），那么这个选项就是干扰项。
不要画蛇添足：解答主旨题时，要特别小心避免选择“过度解读”的选项。文章中的主旨应该简洁明了，而不是过于复杂的解释或不必要的细节。
B（芜湖师大附中2026，10月）
A 16th-century painting, Madonna and Child by Venetian artist Antonio Solario, has become the focus of an international legal battle after resurfacing in Britain. Stolen in 1973 from a museum in Belluno, Italy, the artwork was recovered in Austria alongside other stolen pieces but later acquired by Barbara De Dozsa, a British woman, whose late husband purchased it “in good faith” that year.
De Dozsa refuses to return the painting, citing Britain’s Limitation Act 1980, which ensures legal ownership to buyers of stolen goods if purchased innocently and held for over six years. However, Italian authorities and art lawyer Christopher Marinello argue the work remains stolen property. The painting was identified in 2017 when De Dozsa attempted to auction (拍卖) it, drawing special attention from Inter-police and Italian police databases. Due to the delays for some unstoppable reason, Italy missed the deadline to submit legal documents, leading British police to return the painting to De Dozsa in 2020.
7. What is the best title of the passage
A. The Challenges of Art Heritage Preservation
B. A Stolen Painting’s Recovery Through Europe
C. Ownership Dispute Under Different Legal Systems
D. A legal Battle Over a 16th-Century Stolen Masterpiece
D
4. What happened to the painting Madonna and Child
5. What empowers De Dozsa to defend her legal ownership
6. According to Marinello, why can’t De Dozsa sell the painting
A. It remains stolen property under law.
D. The museum has already reclaimed it through legal means.
7. What is the best title of the passage
C
Jack Strange, a passionate writer, had dreamed of landing a publishing deal for years. When it finally happened, he was overjoyed. However, his excitement was short-lived when he discovered that some of his self-published books had been pirated (盗版) and appeared on LibGen, a shadow library that hosts millions of books and papers taken without permission. His works, along with those of many other authors, were being used to train AI systems like Meta’s Llama, which raised serious concerns about copyright and compensation (补偿).
Llama is a large language model that, like other AI systems such as ChatGPT, uses vast amounts of data to predict and generate text. While tech companies argue that such data is essential for improving AI, many authors, including Jack, believe they should be paid for the use of their intellectual property.
Meta claims that the “fair use” of copyrighted materials is crucial for innovation and that the positive impact of generative AI can be felt by all fields of society. But writers feel their works are being exploited (利用) without recognition or payment, especially as AI threatens to replace human creativity in various industries.
The issue has sparked a growing movement among authors and creative professionals worldwide. Organizations like the Society of Authors are calling for stronger protection and fair compensation for creators whose work is used to train AI systems. Abie Longstaff, a representative of the Society of Authors, argues that AI is not only taking creative content but also imitating an author’s unique style without permission, further reducing the value of their work. “It’s about the recognition,” Abie says. “We want compensation and transparency (透明度).”
11. What does the text mainly talk about
A. The emergence of pirated books worldwide.B. The rising threat of AI to creative industries.
C. The impact of LibGen on modem publishing.D. The fight of writers against AI’s unfair practice.
Governments are now involved in the debate. The UK government, for example, is exploring policies that would give tech companies automatic access to creative works unless creators choose out. However, many, like Abie, argue that this approach puts the burden on creators rather than companies. For Jack and many others, the rise of AI poses a real threat to their livelihoods and the future of creative industries. （26合肥八中）
D
谢谢欣赏~
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