2026届高考二轮复习:主动语态和被动语态 课件(共75张PPT)

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2026届高考二轮复习:主动语态和被动语态 课件(共75张PPT)

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(共75张PPT)
高中语法点常考集
——主动语态和被动语态
CONTENTS
目录
01
语态基本概念
02
被动语态结构
03
被动语态的特殊情况
04
主动被动转换
05
综合应用与辨析
练习
06
语态基本概念
01
【什么是语态?】
核心定义:语态表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
两种语态:
1主动语态:主语是动作的执行者
2被动语态:主语是动作的承受者
【什么是语态?】
主动语态: 猫 → 吃 → 鱼
(主语) (动作) (宾语)
被动语态: 鱼 → 被吃 → 被猫
(主语) (动作) (by+执行者)
一句话理解:谁做的 → 主动 谁被做 → 被动
【为什么要用被动语态?】
——被动语态的四大使用场景
1 不知道动作执行者
My bike was stolen yesterday.(不知道谁偷的)
2 不必指出执行者
English is spoken in many countries.(不必说谁讲英语)
【为什么要用被动语态?】
——被动语态的四大使用场景
3 强调动作承受者
The Great Wall was built over 2,000 years ago.(强调长城)
4 出于礼貌或委婉
Some mistakes were made in the report.(避免指出责任人)
被动语态结构
02
被动语态结构
核心公式:be + 过去分词
例句展示:
- 一般现在时:The room is cleaned every day.
- 一般过去时:The window was broken yesterday.
- 一般将来时:The work will be finished tomorrow.
被动语态结构
核心公式:be + 过去分词
注意:
1.be动词:随时态、人称变化
2.过去分词:规则变化+ed,不规则需记忆
重要原则: be动词随时态变,过去分词永不变
不同时态的被动语态
含情态动词的被动语态
结构: 情态动词 + be + 过去分词
常见情态动词被动形式:
- can → can be done
- must → must be done
- should → should be done
- may → may be done
- might → might be done
含情态动词的被动语态
例句对比:
- 主动:We must finish the work today.
- 被动:The work must be finished today.
否定形式:
- 主动:You should not do it.
- 被动:It should not be done.
疑问形式:
- Can the problem be solved
被动语态的特殊情况
03
不及物动词与被动语态
不能用于被动的动词类型
1不及物动词(无宾语)
The accident was happened last night.
The accident happened last night.
不及物动词与被动语态
不能用于被动的动词类型
2连系动词
The flowers are been beautiful.
The flowers are beautiful.
不及物动词与被动语态
不能用于被动的动词类型
3表示"拥有"的动词
A car is had by him.
He has a car.
不及物动词与被动语态
不能用于被动的动词类型
4表示"适合"的动词
This dress isn't fitted by me.
This dress doesn't fit me.
快速判断:动词后面没有宾语 → 不能用被动语态。
双宾语动词的被动语态
双宾语结构: 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
两种被动形式:
1间接宾语变主语(更常见)
主动:He gave me a book.
被动:I was given a book (by him).
双宾语动词的被动语态
2直接宾语变主语
主动:He gave me a book.
被动:A book was given to me (by him).
常见双宾语动词:
give, lend, tell, teach, show, buy, send, offer等
注意:直接宾语变主语时,间接宾语前要加to或for。
短语动词的被动语态
常见短语动词被动:
1动词+介词
主动:They looked after the child.
被动:The child was looked after.
短语动词的被动语态
2动词+副词
主动:They put off the meeting.
被动:The meeting was put off.
短语动词的被动语态
3动词+副词+介词
主动:We must do away with bad habits.
被动:Bad habits must be done away with.
by短语的省略与保留
——使用by短语的情况:
1强调动作执行者
This novel was written by Lu Xun.
2执行者是重要信息
The law was passed by the government.
by短语的省略与保留
——省略by短语的情况:
1不知道执行者
My wallet was stolen.(不知道谁偷的)
2执行者不重要
English is spoken here.(谁说不重要)
by短语的省略与保留
——省略by短语的情况:
3执行者很明显
He was elected president.(选民选举的)
4出于礼貌
Some mistakes were made.(不指出责任人)
主动被动转换
04
主动被动转换的步骤
第一步:找宾语

第二步:宾变主

第三步:谓变动(be + 过分)

第四步:主变宾(加by,可省略)
主动被动转换的步骤
分步示例:
- 主动:Mary writes a letter every day.
1. 找宾语:a letter
2. 宾变主:A letter...
3. 谓变被动:...is written...
4. 主变宾:...by Mary.
- 被动:A letter is written by Mary every day.
被动变主动的步骤
第一步:找by短语(或推断执行者)

第二步:by宾变主

第三步:谓还原(去掉be,过分变原形/适当时态)

第四步:主变宾
主动被动转换的步骤
分步示例:
- 被动:The cake was eaten by Tom.
1. 找by短语:by Tom
2. by宾变主:Tom...
3. 谓还原:...ate...
4. 主变宾:...the cake.
- 主动:Tom ate the cake.
练习:主动被动转换小测试
People speak English all over the world.
→ English ______ all over the world.
is spoken(一般现在时被动)
练习:主动被动转换小测试
They are building a new bridge now.
→ A new bridge ______ now.
is being built(现在进行时被动)
练习:主动被动转换小测试
You must finish the work today.
→ The work ______ today.
must be finished(情态动词被动)
综合应用与辨析
05
主被动语态对比表
被动语态五大易错点
1漏掉be动词
The book published last year.
The book was published last year.
被动语态五大易错点
2误用不及物动词
The accident was happened.
The accident happened.
被动语态五大易错点
3弄错过去分词
The letter was wrote by him.
The letter was written by him.
被动语态五大易错点
4分裂短语动词
The children are looked well after.
The children are looked after well.
被动语态五大易错点
5时态与语态混淆
The house is built last year.(时态错误)
The house was built last year.
避错口诀:被动必有be,不及物不被动,短语不分家,时态要一致。
何时使用被动语态?
需要强调动作承受者吗?

├─ 是 → 用被动语态

└─ 否 → 知道动作执行者吗?

├─ 知道 → 需要用被动吗?
│ ├─ 是(礼貌/正式)→ 用被动
│ └─ 否 → 用主动

└─ 不知道 → 用被动语态
语态题目四步解题法
开始解题

判断动词是否及物
├─ 不及物 → 不能用被动
└─ 及物 → 继续判断

找句子主语

判断主语是执行者还是承受者
├─ 执行者 → 主动语态
└─ 承受者 → 被动语态

确定时态

选择正确的be动词形式

检查过去分词是否正确
综合练习
06
English ______ all over the world.
A. speaks
B. is spoken
C. spoken
D. has spoken
综合练习
答案: B
解析: 主语English是动作的承受者,应该用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态结构为:am/is/are + 过去分词。
The Great Wall ______ thousands of years ago.
A. built
B. was built
C. has built
D. is built
综合练习
答案: B
解析: thousands of years ago是过去时间状语,用一般过去时。主语The Great Wall是动作的承受者,用被动语态。结构为:was/were + 过去分词。
A new hospital ______ in our city next year.
A. will build
B. will be built
C. is built
D. built
综合练习
答案: B
解析: next year表示将来时间,用一般将来时。主语A new hospital是动作的承受者,用被动语态。结构为:will be + 过去分词。
Look! The road ______ now.
A. repairs
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. has repaired
综合练习
答案: C
解析: Look!和now表示此刻正在进行,用现在进行时。主语The road是动作的承受者,用被动语态。结构为:am/is/are being + 过去分词。
The work ______ already.
A. has finished
B. has been finished
C. finished
D. is finished
综合练习
答案: B
解析: already常用于现在完成时。主语The work是动作的承受者,用被动语态。结构为:have/has been + 过去分词。
The rules must ______ strictly.
A. obey
B. obeyed
C. be obeyed
D. being obeyed
综合练习
答案: C
解析: 情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词 + be + 过去分词。must be obeyed表示"必须被遵守"。
I was ______ a gift on my birthday.
A. given
B. gave
C. giving
D. gives
综合练习
答案: A
解析: give是双宾语动词,有两种被动形式。这里I是间接宾语变主语,用被动语态。结构为:was given
The children are well ______.
A. look after
B. looked after
C. looking after
D. looks after
综合练习
答案: B
解析: look after是短语动词,被动语态中要作为一个整体。结构为:are looked after。
This beautiful song ______ by a famous singer.
A. sings
B. sang
C. is singing
D. is sung
综合练习
答案: D
解析: by a famous singer表明执行者,应该用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态:is sung。
The door ______. Could you close it
A. opens
B. is opened
C. has opened
D. opened
综合练习
答案: A
解析: 这里door是自己开的,表示门的状态或特性,用主动语态表被动意义。类似用法的动词还有:sell, wash, read等。
The letter ______ (write) by Tom yesterday.
综合练习
答案: B
解析: 主语English是动作的承受者,应该用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态结构为:am/is/are + 过去分词。
The house ______ (paint) at the moment.
综合练习
答案: is being painted
解析: at the moment表示此刻正在进行,主语The house是动作的承受者,用现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are being + 过去分词
The meeting ______ (hold) next Monday.
综合练习
will be held
解析: next Monday表示将来时间,主语The meeting是动作的承受者,用一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词。
All the tickets ______ (sell) out already.
综合练习
答案: have been sold
解析: already常用于现在完成时,主语All the tickets是复数,用have been sold。现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been + 过去分词。
Homework ______ (must, finish) on time.
综合练习
答案: must be finished
解析: 情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词 + be + 过去分词。主语Homework是动作的承受者。
When I passed by, the car ______ (repair).
综合练习
答案: was being repaired
解析: When I passed by表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作,主语the car是动作的承受者,用过去进行时的被动语态:was/were being + 过去分词。
He ______ (offer) a good job last week.
综合练习
答案: was offered
解析: offer是双宾语动词,这里主语He是间接宾语变主语。last week表示过去时间,用一般过去时的被动语态:was offered。
The plan should ______ (carry out) carefully.
综合练习
答案: be carried out
解析: carry out是短语动词,被动语态中要作为一个整体。情态动词should的被动语态:should be carried out
The novel ______ (translate) into many languages by the writer.
综合练习
答案: has been translated
解析: by the writer表明执行者,用被动语态。into many languages表示结果,用现在完成时更合适:has been translated。
This kind of cloth ______ (wash) easily.
综合练习
答案: washes
解析: 这里表示这种布料的特性(容易洗),用主动语态表被动意义。类似动词:sell, read, write等。
改错题
题目: The accident was happened last night.
综合练习
答案: 将"was happened"改为"happened"
解析: happen是不及物动词,没有被动语态。应该用主动语态。
改错题
题目: The book is writing by a famous author.
综合练习
答案: 将"writing"改为"written"
解析: 被动语态的结构是be + 过去分词,write的过去分词是written。
改错题
题目: The problem must be solve immediately.
综合练习
答案: 将"solve"改为"solved"
解析: 情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词 + be + 过去分词。solve的过去分词是solved。
语态转换(主动变被动)
题目: People speak English in many countries.
→ English ______ in many countries.
综合练习
答案: is spoken
解析: 主语English是动作的承受者,用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态:is spoken。
语态转换(双宾语动词)
题目: He gave me a book. 改为两种被动语态:
I ______ a book.
A book ______ me.
综合练习
答案:
was given
was given to
解析: give是双宾语动词,有两种被动形式:
间接宾语变主语:I was given a book.
直接宾语变主语:A book was given to me.(注意要加to)
语态转换(主动变被动)
题目: They are building a new school in our town.
→ A new school ______ in our town.
综合练习
答案: is being built
解析: 主语A new school是动作的承受者,用被动语态。现在进行时的被动语态:is being built。
语态转换(主动变被动)
题目: We will finish the work tomorrow.
→ The work ______ tomorrow.
综合练习
答案: will be finished
解析: 主语The work是动作的承受者,用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态:will be finished。
语态转换(主动变被动)
题目: You must do the exercise carefully.
→ The exercise ______ carefully.
综合练习
答案: must be done
解析: 主语The exercise是动作的承受者,用被动语态。情态动词的被动语态:must be done。
语态转换(被动变主动)
题目: The letter was written by Mary.
→ ______ the letter.
综合练习
答案: Mary wrote
解析: by Mary表明执行者,在主动语态中作主语。一般过去时的主动语态:Mary wrote。
语态转换(被动变主动)
题目: The car is being washed by my father.
→ My father ______ the car.
综合练习
答案: is washing
解析: by my father表明执行者,在主动语态中作主语。现在进行时的主动语态:is washing。
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