2026届高考二轮复习:动词的非谓语形式 课件(共85张PPT)

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2026届高考二轮复习:动词的非谓语形式 课件(共85张PPT)

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(共85张PPT)
高中语法常考点精讲
——动词的
非谓语
形式
01
谓语VS非谓语
02
不定式
03
动名词
04
分词
05
综合辨析与应用
06
练习
01
谓语VS非谓语
动词的两种形态:谓语 vs 非谓语
谓语动词:
- 在句中作谓语
- 受主语人称和数的限制
- 有时态和语态的变化
- 示例:He studies hard
动词的两种形态:谓语 vs 非谓语
非谓语动词:
- 在句中不作谓语
- 不受主语人称和数的限制
- 具有动词的部分特征
- 三种形式:不定式、动名词、分词
一句话区分:作谓语的动词 → 谓语动词 | 不作谓语的动词 → 非谓语动词
非谓语动词的三大形式
02
不定式
动词不定式
基本形式:to + 动词原形
六种变化形式:
1. 一般式:to do(主动)
2. 一般被动式:to be done
3. 完成式:to have done
动词不定式
基本形式:to + 动词原形
六种变化形式:
4. 完成被动式:to have been done
5. 进行式:to be doing
6. 完成进行式:to have been doing
动词不定式
基本形式:to + 动词原形
否定形式:not to do
- 示例:He told me not to be late.
动词不定式
基本形式:to + 动词原形
不带to的不定式(特殊情况下省略to):
- 使役动词:make/let/have sb. do sth.
- 感官动词:see/hear/watch sb. do sth.
不定式的句法功能
——不定式在句中可以作什么?
功能一:作主语
- To learn English is important.
- 常用it作形式主语:It is important to learn English.
不定式的句法功能
——不定式在句中可以作什么?
功能二:作宾语
- 常接不定式作宾语的动词:
- want, hope, decide, plan, agree, refuse, manage
- 示例:He decided to go abroad.
不定式的句法功能
——不定式在句中可以作什么?
功能三:作表语
- My dream is to be a doctor.
- His job is to teach English.
记忆技巧:不定式常表示目的、将来、一次性的动作。
不定式的句法功能
——不定式的其他句法功能
功能四:作定语
- 放在被修饰名词之后
- 示例:I have something to say.
- 常见搭配:ability to do, chance to do, way to do
不定式的句法功能
——不定式的其他句法功能
功能五:作状语
1. 目的状语:He came to help me.
2. 结果状语:He woke up to find everyone gone.
3. 原因状语:I'm glad to see you.
不定式的句法功能
——不定式的其他句法功能
功能六:作宾语补足语
- 常接不定式作宾补的动词:
- ask, tell, want, wish, advise, allow
- 示例:I ask him to come early.
03
动名词
动名词
基本形式:动词原形 + ing
四种形式:
1. 一般式:doing(主动)
2. 一般被动式:being done
3. 完成式:having done
4. 完成被动式:having been done
否定形式:not doing
- 示例:He regretted not studying hard.
动名词的形式与特征
动名词的复合结构:
- 逻辑主语 + 动名词
- 示例:Mary's coming made us happy.
- 示例:Do you mind my opening the window
基本形式:动词原形 + ing
动名词的句法功能
——动名词在句中的五大角色
功能一:作主语
- Swimming is good for health.
- 常用it作形式主语:It's no use crying over spilt milk.
动名词的句法功能
——动名词在句中的五大角色
功能二:作宾语
1. 动词宾语:He enjoys playing basketball.
2. 介词宾语:He is good at speaking English.
动名词的句法功能
——动名词在句中的五大角色
功能三:作表语
- His hobby is collecting stamps.
- Seeing is believing.
动名词的句法功能
——动名词在句中的五大角色
功能四:作定语
- a swimming pool(游泳池)
- a reading room(阅览室)
动名词的句法功能
——动名词在句中的五大角色
功能五:作同位语
- His habit, smoking, is bad for health.
必须接动名词的动词
动词列表:
- 考虑:consider - 建议:suggest, advise
- 盼望:look forward to - 原谅:excuse, pardon
- 承认:admit - 推迟:delay, put off
- 没:mind - 得:imagine
- 想:enjoy
必须接动名词的动词
特殊结构:
- feel like doing(想要)
- be worth doing(值得)
- be busy doing(忙于)
- have difficulty/trouble doing(做...有困难)
其他必须接动名词的动词:
- avoid, finish, practice, miss, risk, can't help
04
分词
分词的形式与特征
形式一:
现在分词 (doing):
- 形式:动词原形 + ing
- 意义:主动、进行
- 示例:a developing country(发展中国家)
分词的形式与特征
形式二:
过去分词 (done):
- 形式:规则变化+ed,不规则变化单独记
- 意义:被动、完成
- 示例:a developed country(发达国家)
分词的形式与特征
分词的否定形式:not doing / not done
- 示例:Not knowing the answer, he kept silent.
分词的时态和语态
- 现在分词一般式:doing(主动进行)
- 现在分词被动式:being done(被动进行)
- 过去分词:done(被动完成)
- 现在分词完成式:having done(主动完成)
现在分词与过去分词的区别
分词的句法功能
功能一:作定语
- 单个分词通常前置:a running boy
- 分词短语通常后置:the boy running in the playground
分词的句法功能
功能二:作表语
- 现在分词表"令人...":The story is interesting.
- 过去分词表"感到...":We are interested in the story.
分词的句法功能
功能三:作状语
1. 时间状语:Walking in the park, I met an old friend.
2. 原因状语:Being ill, he didn't go to school.
3. 条件状语:Given more time, we can do better.
4. 伴随状语:He sat there, reading a book.
分词的句法功能
功能四:作补语
- 感官动词后:I heard her singing in the room.
- 使役动词后:I had my hair cut yesterday.
05
综合辨析与应用
不定式 vs 动名词作宾语
分词作状语的逻辑主语
正确示例:
- Walking in the park, I met an old friend.(正确)
I是walking的逻辑主语
错误示例:
- Walking in the park, an old friend was met.(错误)
an old friend不是walking的逻辑主语
分词作状语的逻辑主语
独立主格结构(当逻辑主语不一致时):
- Time permitting, we'll visit the museum.
Time是permitting的逻辑主语
- Weather permitting = If weather permits
with复合结构:
- He stood there, with his hands in his pockets.
非谓语动词的时态与语态意义
易错点辨析
——非谓语动词五大易错点
1. 忘记逻辑主语一致
- Seeing from the hill, the park is beautiful.
- Seen from the hill, the park is beautiful.
易错点辨析
——非谓语动词五大易错点
2. 混淆to do和doing作宾语
- remember to do:记得要去做(未做)
- remember doing:记得做过(已做)
易错点辨析
——非谓语动词五大易错点
3. 误用分词形式
- I heard the song sung in English.
- I heard the song being sung in English.
易错点辨析
——非谓语动词五大易错点
4. 错用动名词复合结构
- Do you mind me opening the window (口语可接受)
- Do you mind my opening the window (正式)
易错点辨析
——非谓语动词五大易错点
5. 混淆现在分词和过去分词
- an exciting game(令人兴奋的)
- an excited audience(感到兴奋的)
避错口诀:逻辑主语要一致,to do doing要分清,doing主动done被动,复合结构要完整。
非谓语动词必考点回顾
分词作状语
- 注意逻辑主语与主句主语一致
- 正确选择现在分词或过去分词
非谓语动词必考点回顾
不定式与动名词作宾语的区别
- 记住常接to do和doing的动词
- 注意两者皆可但意义不同的动词
非谓语动词必考点回顾
分词作定语
- 现在分词表主动进行
- 过去分词表被动完成
- 分词短语后置
非谓语动词必考点回顾
4. 独立主格结构
- 当逻辑主语不一致时使用
- 常考:weather/time permitting
非谓语动词必考点回顾
5. 非谓语动词的时态语态
- 根据与谓语动词的时间关系选择
- 根据主被动关系选择
解题技巧总结
开始解题

判断空格处是否需要非谓语
├─ 已有谓语 → 考虑非谓语
└─ 无谓语 → 考虑谓语动词

分析句子成分

判断非谓语在句中的功能
├─ 作主语/宾语 → 不定式或动名词
├─ 作定语/状语 → 分词
└─ 作补语 → 根据动词决定

分析时间关系和主被动

选择正确的非谓语形式

检查逻辑主语一致性
06
练习
______ English well requires a lot of practice.
A. Learn
B. To learn
C. Learning
D. Learned
答案: B
解析: 句子缺少主语,非谓语动词作主语可以用不定式(to do)或动名词(doing)。这里两种形式都可以,但根据选项,B和C都正确。不过从常见性来说,不定式更强调具体、一次性的动作。选项中只有B是不定式。
______ is good for your health.
A. Swim
B. To swim
C. Swimming
D. Swam
答案: C
解析: 表示一般性、习惯性的活动时,常用动名词作主语。游泳作为一种运动项目,用动名词Swimming作主语最恰当。
He decided ______ abroad for further study.
A. go
B. going
C. to go
D. went
答案: C
解析: decide后面接不定式作宾语,表示“决定做某事”。结构为:decide to do sth.
I enjoy ______ novels in my spare time.
A. read
B. to read
C. reading
D. reads
答案: C
解析: enjoy后面必须接动名词作宾语,表示“喜欢做某事”。类似用法的动词还有:finish, practice, avoid等。
The ______ baby looks very cute.
A. sleep
B. slept
C. sleeping
D. sleeps
答案: C
解析: 这里需要非谓语动词作定语修饰baby。baby与sleep是主动关系(婴儿正在睡觉),用现在分词sleeping表示主动、进行。
题目: The ______ window needs to be repaired.
A. break
B. breaking
C. broke
D. broken
答案: D
解析: 这里需要非谓语动词作定语修饰window。window与break是被动关系(窗户被打破),用过去分词broken表示被动、完成。
He came here ______ his friend.
A. see
B. to see
C. seeing
D. seen
答案: B
解析: 不定式可以作目的状语,表示“来这里的目的是看朋友”。结构为:come to do sth.
______ along the street, I met an old friend.
A. Walk
B. To walk
C. Walking
D. Walked
答案: C
解析: 现在分词作状语,表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。walking的逻辑主语是句子的主语I,I与walk是主动关系。
______ from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
A. See
B. To see
C. Seeing
D. Seen
答案: D
解析: 过去分词作状语,表被动。the city与see是被动关系(城市被看),用过去分词seen。
I want you ______ me with this work.
A. help
B. helping
C. to help
D. helped
答案: C
解析: want sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,不定式作宾语补足语。
I saw him ______ basketball on the playground.
A. play
B. to play
C. playing
D. played
答案: C
解析: see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”,强调动作的进行。see sb. do sth.表示看见动作的全过程。
I must get my hair ______ tomorrow.
A. cut
B. cutting
C. to cut
D. cuts
答案: A
解析: have/get sth. done表示“让某事被做”,过去分词作宾语补足语,表被动。
Please remember ______ the door when you leave.
A. lock
B. locking
C. to lock
D. locked
答案: C
解析: remember to do表示“记得要去做某事”(还没做);remember doing表示“记得做过某事”(已做)。根据句意“离开时记得锁门”,锁门是未发生的动作。
I forgot ______ him about the meeting yesterday.
A. tell
B. telling
C. to tell
D. told
答案: C
解析: forget to do表示“忘记要去做某事”(没做);forget doing表示“忘记做过某事”(做了但忘记了)。根据句意,应该是忘记告诉他了(没告诉)。
He stopped ______ a rest because he was tired.
A. have
B. having
C. to have
D. had
答案: C
解析: stop to do表示“停下来去做另一件事”;stop doing表示“停止正在做的事”。根据句意“他停下来休息”,是停止原来做的事去休息。
______ (learn) a foreign language well is not easy.
答案: To learn/Learning
解析: 非谓语动词作主语,可以用不定式或动名词。两种形式都正确,不定式更强调具体动作,动名词更强调一般概念。
Would you mind ______ (open) the window
答案: opening
解析: mind后面必须接动名词作宾语,表示“介意做某事”。
The girl ______ (stand) under the tree is my sister.
答案: standing
解析: girl与stand是主动关系(女孩站着),用现在分词作后置定语。
Most of the people ______ (invite) to the party were his friends.
答案: invited
解析: people与invite是被动关系(人们被邀请),用过去分词作后置定语。
______ (hear) the news, they jumped with joy.
答案: Hearing
解析: 现在分词作原因状语,they与hear是主动关系(他们听到消息)。
______ (give) more time, we could have done better.
答案: Given
解析: 过去分词作条件状语,we与give是被动关系(我们被给予更多时间)。
He asked me ______ (help) him with his homework.
答案: to help
解析: ask sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,不定式作宾语补足语。
I heard someone ______ (knock) at the door.
答案: knocking
解析: hear sb. doing sth.表示“听见某人正在做某事”,强调动作的进行。
She wants the work ______ (finish) by Friday.
答案: finished
解析: want sth. done表示“想要某事被完成”,过去分词作宾语补足语。
He came early ______ (get) a good seat.
答案: to get
解析: 不定式作目的状语,表示“来早的目的是得到一个好座位”。
改错题
I'm looking forward to see you again.
答案: 将"see"改为"seeing"
解析: look forward to中的to是介词,后面要接动名词,不能接不定式。
改错题
The building built now will be a library.
答案: 将"built"改为"being built"
解析: 现在正在被建造,应该用现在分词的被动式being built。built表示已经建好。
语态转换
Because he didn't know the answer, he kept silent.
→ ______ the answer, he kept silent.
答案: Not knowing
解析: 现在分词的否定式作原因状语,he与know是主动关系。
语态转换
题目: When it is seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
→ ______ from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
答案: Seen
解析: 过去分词作条件/时间状语,the city与see是被动关系。
合并句子
题目: He finished his homework. Then he went out to play.
→ ______ his homework, he went out to play.
答案: Having finished
解析: 现在分词的完成式作时间状语,表示finish的动作发生在go out之前。
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