2026届高考二轮复习:语法定语从句课件(共51张PPT)

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2026届高考二轮复习:语法定语从句课件(共51张PPT)

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(共51张PPT)
定语的定义
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分
那本厚重的名著承载了时代的记忆。
坐在窗边认真刷题的那个同学被老师表扬了。
心怀梦想的少年追逐着藏在星河里的理想。
核心总结:翻译成“......的”的词(短语),后跟名词或代词,这个词(短语)就叫定语。
定语的位置
中文里定语放在名词前,英文中定语的位置取决于长短,遵循前短后长的规律:单个单词修饰名词(短语)时通常放在名词(短语)前;两个以上的单词修饰名词(短语)时通常放在名词(短语)后。
定语的成分
1. 形容词(短语)作定语
①那本厚重的名著写满了时代的故事
That heavy classic is filled with stories of the times
②这个专注的同学解开了最难的数学题
This focused student solved the most difficult math problem
定语的成分
2. 名词(短语)作定语
①少年的梦想照亮了前行的道路
The teenager’s dream lights up the road ahead
②学霸的笔记成了全班的复习资料
The top student’s notes have become the review material for the whole class
定语的成分
名词(短语)作定语
那本名著的文字触动了读者的心灵
The words of the classic touch the readers' hearts
The classic’s words touch the readers' hearts
补充注意点 B ’s A A of B
a campus library(一座校园图书馆)
介词短语作定语
①书架上的名著藏着岁月的智慧
The classic on the bookshelf holds the wisdom of the years.
②少年有着如星辰般璀璨的理想
The teenager has ideals as bright as stars.
定语的成分
非谓语动词(短语)作定语
①阅读的同学沉浸在文字的世界里
The reading student is immersed in the world of words.
②心怀热爱的少年遇见了被梦想照亮的同学
The teenager with passion met the classmate illuminated by dreams.
定语的成分
定语的成分
非谓语动词(短语)作定语
Do you have a book to read in your bag
你的包里有 一本要读的书 吗?
从句作定语(定语从句作定语)
①同学在书店找到的那本名著成了珍藏
The classic that the student found in the bookstore became a treasure.
②少年珍惜老师赠予他的那本笔记
The teenager cherishes the notebook that the teacher gave him.
定语的成分
定语从句的构成(结构)
The teenager who chases dreams bravely never gives up easily.
勇敢追梦的那个少年从不轻易放弃。
定语从句结构:引导词+从句其他成分
定语从句的引导词
定语从句的引导词按照所修饰的先行词进行分类,可以分为以下五类。
先行词 引导词(关系代词、关系副词)
人 that who whom whose
物 that which whose
时间 that which when
地点 that which where
原因 that which why
as
1.先行词指人
- that(作主语/宾语):
The man that helped us is a policeman.
(帮助我们的那个人是警察。)(作主语);
He is the person that I talked about.
(他就是我提到的那个人。)(作宾语,可省略)
- who(作主语):
The girl who is standing there is my sister.
站在那里的女孩是我妹妹。
- whom(作宾语):
The boy whom you met yesterday is my classmate.你昨天见到的那个男孩是我的同学。
- whose(表所属):
I know the girl whose mother is a doctor.
我认识那个妈妈是医生的女孩。
1.先行词指人
- that(作主语/宾语):
The bike that was stolen has been returned.
被偷的那辆自行车已经还回来了。(作主语);
The gift that she gave me is very nice.
她送给我的礼物很漂亮。(作宾语,可省略)
2.先行词指物
- which(作主语/宾语):
The book which lies on the desk is mine.
放在桌上的那本书是我的。(作主语)
The pen which you lost has been found.
你丢的那支笔找到了。(作宾语,可省略)
2.先行词指物
2.先行词指物
- whose(表所属):
This is the house whose window faces south.
这就是那扇窗户朝南的房子。
3. 先行词指时间
- when(作时间状语):
I remember the day when we first met.
(我记得我们第一次见面的那天。)
- that/which(作主语/宾语):
I’ll never forget the time that we spent together.
我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的时光。(that作宾语,可省略)
The year which saw the big flood is 1998.
(发生特大洪水的那一年是1998年。)(which作主语)
4. 先行词指地点
- where(作地点状语):
This is the park where we had a picnic.
这就是我们野餐的那个公园。
- that/which(作主语/宾语):
The city that she visited last year is Beijing.
她去年去过的那个城市是北京。(that作宾语,可省略)
The factory which makes cars is very large.
生产汽车的那家工厂很大。(which作主语)
5. 先行词指原因
- why(作原因状语):
This is the reason why he was late.
这就是他迟到的原因。
- that/which(作主语/宾语):
The reason that he gave is not true.
他给出的理由不是真的。(that作宾语,可省略)
The cause which led to the accident is clear.
导致事故的原因很清楚。(which作主语)
(1)用who而不用that的情形
1)当先行词为those时,只能用who,不能用that。
① Those who have kept diligent for years could achieve something eventually.
那些努力多年的人最终会有所成就的。
② Those who desire to succeed must work hard.
那些想成功的人必须付出努力。
2)当定语从句和指人的先行词之间被其他成分隔开时,只能用who,不能用that。
① My mother is the woman in the world who I love most.我的母亲是这个世界上我最爱的女人。
② Lisa is the only teacher in this university who I admire best.丽莎是这所大学里我最敬佩的老师。
5. 先行词是人时,that和who的区别
3)在非限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时,只能用who,不能用that。
① My mother, who is good at cooking, has opened a restaurant recently.
我的妈妈擅长烹饪,最近开了一个餐厅。
② I really love the singer, who tends to keep silent in public.我真的喜欢这个歌手,他在公开场合往往很少说话。
5. 先行词是人时,that和who的区别
5. 先行词是人时,that和who的区别
4)There be句型中,先行词指人时,定语从句的引导词多用who。
① There is a boy outside who wants to see you.
外面有一个男孩想要见你。
② There was a beautiful girl who enjoyed herself yesterday.昨天有个漂亮的女孩玩得很开心。
5)先行词指人,且关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般用who,不用that。
① I have a friend who ranks first in every exam.
我有一个每次考试都是第一名的朋友。
② My mother never travels with her friends who live in the same village.
我妈妈从没和住在同一个村庄的朋友一起旅行过。
5. 先行词是人时,that和who的区别
5. 先行词是人时,that和who的区别
用that而不用who的情形
1)当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用that,不能用who。
Who is the girl that is talking with our teacher
(正在和我们老师说话的那个女孩是谁?)
2)当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that,不能用who。
He was the second boy that passed the English exam.
(他是第二个通过英语考试的男孩。)
She is the bravest person that I have ever met.
(她是我见过最勇敢的人。)
5. 先行词是人时,that和who的区别
3)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,用that(可省略),不能用who。
例句:Jim is no longer the shy boy (that) he was in primary school.(吉姆不再是小学时那个害羞的男孩了。)
4)当先行词前面有only、some、any、no、every、little、few、much、all、very等词修饰时,引导词只能用that,不能用who。
例句:She is the only girl that knows the answer to this question.(她是唯一一个知道这道题答案的女孩。)
用that而不用who的情形
1)当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用that,不能用who。
Who is the girl that is talking with our teacher
(正在和我们老师说话的那个女孩是谁?)
2)当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that,不能用who。
He was the second boy that passed the English exam.
(他是第二个通过英语考试的男孩。)
She is the bravest person that I have ever met.
(她是我见过最勇敢的人。)
5. 先行词是人时,that和who的区别
5. 先行词是人时,that和who的区别
3)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,用that(可省略),不能用who。
Jim is no longer the shy boy (that) he was in primary school.吉姆不再是小学时那个害羞的男孩了。
4)当先行词前面有only、some、any、no、every、little、few、much、all、very等词修饰时,引导词只能用that,不能用who。
She is the only girl that knows the answer to this question.
她是唯一一个知道这道题答案的女孩。
定语从句中引导词which和that的区别
that和which两者都可指物,常可互换。其区别主要在于:
(1)用which的情形
1)放在介词之后作宾语时用which。
① I’ll never forget the days during which we studied together in high school.
我永远不会忘记我们在高中一起学习的那些日子。
② We all like the classroom in which there are many colorful posters.
我们都喜欢那个有很多彩色海报的教室。
定语从句中引导词which和that的区别
2)引导非限制性定语从句时用which。
① He was late for class again, which made the teacher very angry.
他又上课迟到了,这让老师很生气。
② The old bike, which my father bought for me, is still in good condition.
那辆我爸爸给我买的旧自行车,现在状况还很好。
定语从句中引导词which和that的区别
(2)用that的情形
1)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时用that。
① This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
② She is reading the third novel that she borrowed from the library this month.
她正在看这个月从图书馆借的第三本小说。
定语从句中引导词which和that的区别
2)当先行词是不定代词much、little、none、all、few、every(thing)、any(thing)、no(thing)等时用that。
① There’s nothing that can stop us from learning English well.
(没有什么能阻止我们学好英语。)
② We should remember all that our teachers have told us.
(我们应该记住老师告诉我们的一切。)
定语从句中引导词which和that的区别
3)当先行词被the only、the same、the very等限定词修饰时用that。
When people talk about Beijing, the very thing that comes to their minds is the Great Wall.
人们一说到北京,想到的正是长城。
The only thing that we can do now is to study hard.
我们现在唯一能做的就是努力学习。
定语从句中引导词which和that的区别
4)当主句以here、there开头时用that。
Here are three English books that I want to recommend to you.
这有三本我想推荐给你的英语书。
There is still a lot of practice that we need to finish today.
我们今天还有很多练习需要完成。
定语从句中引导词which和that的区别
5)当先行词既有人又有物时用that。
① The teacher and her lesson that we talked about are very popular.
(我们谈论的那位老师和她的课都很受欢迎。)
② She likes to record those people and things that make her happy at school.
(她喜欢记录学校里那些让她开心的人和事。)
6)当主句是以疑问代词who或which开头的疑问句时。
① Who that has studied with her doesn’t like her friendly smile
和她一起学习过的人谁不喜欢她友善的笑容?
② Which is the song that is the most popular among high school students now
哪首是现在高中生中最受欢迎的歌?
定语从句中引导词which和that的区别
1. 限制性定语从句
I love Ms. Liu who is beautiful.
我爱漂亮的刘女士。
2.非限制性定语从句
I love Ms. Liu, who is beautiful.
我爱刘女士,她挺漂亮的。
定语从句的类型
从句及区别点 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词的关系 删除后影响主句的意思 删除后不影响主句的意思
标点符号 不用逗号 用逗号
引导词 可以用that 不可以用that
当引导词which/whom在从句中作宾语时 可省略
不可省略
是否指代前面的句子 不可以指代 可以指代
翻译时的区别 常译为定语 常译为独立的句子
定语从句和同位语从句的区别
I had a dream that was definitely sweet.(定语从句)
I had a dream that I would become a rich lady someday. (同位语从句)
相同点:
构成相同,都是“先行词+引导词+分句”。
不同点:
1.看引导词that。
2.看从句本身的意思。
3.看先行词。
(1)相同点(两者都可以引导非限制性定语从句)
(2)不同点
1)as引导非限制性定语从句,位置比较灵活,可以放在主句的前、中、后,此处的as常翻译为“正如”;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在所修饰的词或句子的后面。例如:
As is known to us all, without efforts nothing can be achieved. = Without efforts nothing can be achieved, which is known to us all.众所周知,不努力就会一事无成。

as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句
2)紧跟在引导词as后的动词只能是be动词;而which后面可以跟任何类型的动词。例如:
① As is known to all, China is a peace-loving country.众所周知,
中国是一个爱好和平的国家。
② Lucy was late, which made Ms. Liu very angry.
露西迟到了,这使刘老师很生气。
as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句
the same...as 和 the same...that 引导的定语从句
the same...as 表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类而不同物,翻译成“像……一样的”;the same...that 表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类且同物,即同一事物,翻译成“正是……”。例如:
① This is the same schoolbag as I have.
我看到的是一个像我的书包一样的书包。
(表明我看到的只是和我的书包款式一样的书包而已,不是我自己的那一个,
先行词与定语从句内容指同一类物品,但不指同一个物品。
② This is the same schoolbag that I lost last week.
我看到的正是我上周丢的那个书包。
(表明我看到的书包正是我丢失的那一个,先行词与定语从句内容一致,指同一个物品。)
③ She is using the same pen that I gave her on her birthday.她正用着我在她生日时送她的那支钢笔。
(她使用的钢笔和我送的钢笔是同一支。)
④ She is using the same pen as I gave her on her birthday.她正在用的钢笔和我在她生日时送她的那支很像。(她用的钢笔不是我送的那一支,只是款式长得像而已。)
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
(1)为什么会有“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
为了使句式结构优美整齐,可以将介词提到关系代词前面,构成“介词+关系代词”的结构来引导定语从句,有以下几种情况:
1)关系副词在定语从句中作状语时,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替关系副词。
关系副词 替换 介词的选择
when 所有介词+关系代词 根据句意选择介词
where 所有介词+关系代词 根据句意选择介词
why 当先行词是reason时, 只能用for which(for表示原因)
“介词+关系代词”替换关系副词
when 替换:
The day when we had the sports meeting was sunny.
= The day on which we had the sports meeting was sunny.
(我们开运动会的那天天气晴朗。)
where 替换
The park where I take exercise every morning is beautiful.
= The park in which I take exercise every morning is beautiful.
(我每天早上锻炼的那个公园很美。)
why 替换:
The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.
= The reason for which he was late is that he missed the bus.
(他迟到的原因是没赶上公交车。)
2)定语从句的谓语是“动词+介词”的固定搭配,并且先行词在从句中作宾语。
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
这是一个我们可能要长时间争论的话题。
3)用于替换前面已有的先行词或者句子,避免上下文重复。
Playing basketball is a good exercise from which we can obtain many benefits.
打篮球是一项有益的运动,我们可以从中得到诸多好处。
(2)“介词+关系代词”中关系代词的选择
1)修饰物时,只能用which。
例句:This is the lab from which we did the chemistry experiment yesterday.
(这是我们昨天做化学实验的实验室。)
2)修饰人时,只能用whom。
例句:The classmate to whom I gave my notes is good at math.
(我把笔记给的那个同学很擅长数学。)
(2)“介词+关系代词”中关系代词的选择
3)whose可以用of which/whom替换。
I know Lily, whose sister is in our class.
=I know Lily, the sister of whom is in our class.
(我认识莉莉,她的姐姐在我们班。)
We study in a classroom whose door is blue.
=We study in a classroom, the door of which is blue.(我们在一扇门是蓝色的教室里学习。)
(3)如何选择介词
1)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系来选择。
Lily bought a headset, through which she can listen to English songs.
(莉莉买了一副耳机,通过它她能听英文歌。)
(解析:考虑动词listen to和先行词headset的逻辑关系,是通过耳机听,所以选介词through。)
② 例句:The river across which we walk every day is very clean.(我们每天走过的那条河很干净。)
(解析:考虑动词walk和先行词river的逻辑关系,是走过河,所以选介词across。)
2)根据“形容词+介词”与先行词的逻辑关系来选择。
① 例句:Physics is the subject in which many students in our class are interested.(物理是我们班很多学生感兴趣的学科。)
(解析:固定搭配be interested in,把in提到关系代词前。)
② 例句:Can you tell me the books with which I am not very familiar (你能告诉我那些我不太熟悉的书吗?)
(解析:固定搭配be familiar with,把with提到关系代词前。)
(3)如何选择介词
2)根据“形容词+介词”与先行词的逻辑关系来选择。
Physics is the subject in which many students in our class are interested.
(物理是我们班很多学生感兴趣的学科。)
(解析:固定搭配be interested in,把in提到关系代词前。)
Can you tell me the books with which I am not very familiar (你能告诉我那些我不太熟悉的书吗?)
(解析:固定搭配be familiar with,把with提到关系代词前。)

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