资源简介

(共21张PPT)
Unit 3 : Faster, higher, stronger
Using language
Grammar: -ing as subject
Grammar: -ing as subject
一、动名词的特点
1．既有动词的特征，也有名词的特征；
2．动名词由“动词原形＋－ing”构成，其否定形式为“not＋动名词”；
3．动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，但不能作谓语。
二、动名词的时态语态
类别 时态 形式 语态形式
主动 被动
v.－ing 一般式
完成式
doing
being done
having done
having been done
一.含义
动词-ing形式作主语，常用来表示经常性或习惯性的动作.
eg. 钓鱼是我的爱好。
Fishing is my pleasure.
eg.空谈无济于事。
Talking mends no holes.
一.含义
1.动词-ing形式作主语通常放在句首。
Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
二、动名词作主语的几种情况：
注意：
1. 谓语动词用单数形式
大声朗读对于学习第二语言是很重要的。
Reading aloud is vital to learn a second language.
眼见为实。
Seeing is believing.
理解你自己的交流需求及风格和学会表达你的爱和情感一样重要。
Understanding your own needs and styles of communication is as
important as learning to convey your affection and emotion.
1.单个动名词 + 单数谓语动词
动名词 + and + 动名词 + 复数谓语动词 表达的语意不一致
动名词 + and + 动名词 + 单数谓语动词 表达的语意一致
Lying and stealing are immoral.
说谎和盗窃是不道德的。
Going to bed and getting up early is a good habit.
早睡早起是个好习惯。
补充：
2.当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，
主语和表语在形式上要求统一
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
2．动名词作主语，且主语较长时，为了平衡句子结构，通常用it作形式
主语。常见句式：
主要用在句型It is +表示否定的形容词(-less)或名词(no good, no use,
a waste of time, fun)中。
It is/was
no good/ use+doing..... 做……是无用/无益
useless/worth/ worthwhile/ a waste of time doing......做……是无用/值得的/浪费时间的
It is no use __________(tell) him not to worry.
It's useless __________(study) English without practice.
It's a waste of time __________(talk) about that.
It's fun __________(breath) in fresh air in the morning mountains.
注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
telling
studying
talking
breathing
3. -ing form 用于“There be”结构中。
There is no saying when he'll come.
There is no telling what will happen.
4. -ing form用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking （禁止吸烟）
No parking. （禁止停车）
No talking. （禁止交谈）
No trampling. （禁止踩踏）
5. -ing form的复合结构作主语。
-ing form的复合结构在句中作主语，当 -ing form有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词所有格，形容词性物主代词或人称代词的宾格，构成 -ing form复合结构。
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
Student's knowing English well helps them in learning French.
-ing form的复合结构作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时，也可直接用名词或人称代词宾格。
They insist on Mary's /Mary going with them there.
6.-ing form 的否定形式直接在-ing form前面+ not
Trying without success is better than __________(not try) at all.
试过没有成功也比不尝试好。
_____________(not make) enough preparations in advance usually causes a lot of trouble.
实现没有做充分的准备通常会带来很多麻烦。
I'm so sorry for ________________(not do) it quite well.
这件事没有做好我感到非常抱歉。
not trying
Not making
not having done
7. -ing form 的完成式和被动式
-ing form的完成式为having done，完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，有时完成式表示的动作是谓语动词表示动作的原因。
I don't remember _____________(meet) him before.
我记不得以前见过他。(meet发生在remember之前）
-ing form的被动式为being done，逻辑主语与-ing form之间是被动关系。
I don’t like ______________(laugh) at in public.
在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
having met
being laughed
四、动名词与不定式作主语的区别；
(1) 不定式作主语往往表示具体的某一动作；
泛指一般的抽象的概念时，多用动名词。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
无论对于年轻人还是老年人，散步都不失为一种好的运动方式。
To finish the work in a week is impossible.
在一周之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
2.不定式可以和when，how，where，what，whether等连用，在句中作主语、
宾语和表语，而动名词则不能。
How to solve the problem is a hot potato.
如何解决这个问题是很棘手的事。
Where to put the box seems hard to decide.
把箱子放在哪里好像很难决定。
What to do next is up to you.
接下来要做什么取决于你。
1.（天津高考）________________(Learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
2.（北京高考）____________( Travel)along the old Silk Road is an interesting and
rewarding experience.
3. Similarly. according to researchers, _______________(listen) to just 30 minutes of soft
music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress
and anxiety.
4.Building up a dream team_____(be) more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
5. It's no use____________(complain) without taking action.
Learning
Travelling
listening
is
complaining
6. As____________(work ) from home becomes increasingly common, people are finding it
easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.
7. Feeling fearful_______(be) healthy because it helps you slow down and evaluate risks
properly.
8. I think it is no use______________(have)another talk with him over the matter.
9.______________(she) not coming back made her parents angry and sad.
10. The________________( president) attending the meeting gave them a great deal
of encouragement.
working
is
having
Her
president`s
2.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内词的正确形式。
Because of the pressure from various exams, some students think it is a waste of time 1__________(spend) their time on sports. 2_____________(attend) classes on time, reading enough books and finishing a variety of homework are really good things. However, without a strong body, you can never achieve anything, for a quick mind hardly goes along with a weak body.
spending
Attending
3 _________(keep) a balanced diet, above all, is necessary for staying healthy. 4__________(have)lots of boiled water and much fruit is good for bodies as well. 5_________(skip) breakfast is a quite bad habit, which does harm to your health. Besides, as the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. " Therefore, 6_____________(relax) the mind is of great importance to students.7____________ (listen ) to music is a good choice to make you relaxed. What's more, it is 8________(do) exercise that matters most. For example,9__________(run) on a regular basis keeps you healthy and energetic.10___________ (take) small sports equipment such as skipping rope along with you can help you do exercise whenever you are free.
It is not difficult to keep healthy if you follow the above tips.
Keeping
Having
Skipping
relaxing
Listening
doing
running
Taking
Review -ing as subject.

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