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(共46张PPT)
语法填空专项
C O N T E N T S
目录
01
题型特点
02
03
04
考点分布
解题步骤
考点讲解
题型特点
01
P A R T . 0 1
语法填空题型特点
1.短文（200词左右）
2.设空10处（一般情况下7空有提示词，3空无提示词）
3.篇章开始不设空，每空考查一个语法现象
4.所考词在考纲词汇中
能力考查
句子结构
理解语篇
单词拼写
运用语法
在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。
考点分布
02
P A R T . 0 2
解题步骤
03
P A R T . 0 3
语
法
填
空
给
提
示
词
不
给
提
示
词
先判断提示词的词性
再判断空格处的词性
一致
不一致
词形变化
词性转化
名词
代词
形容词 副词
动词
名词
动词
形容词
副词
冠词
介词
代词
连词
并列连词
从属连词
时间、地点、方式&固定搭配
and、but、or、so
a/an/the
宾语从句
定语从句
状语从句
考点讲解
04
P A R T . 0 4
给提示词
02
04
03
01
动词
副词
代词
名词
05
形容词
名词考点：
名词单复数变化规则 普通规则：直接在单词末尾加-s
以s、x、sh和ch结尾的单词，在词尾加-es
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，把y变i，再加-es
变异（e）词汇（a变e；oo变ee）
以f或fe结尾的单词，把f变v，再加-es
单复数相同的单词
books, boys , chairs , parents , cards , maps
boxes ,buses ,brushes , watches
cities , countries, babies
man--men , goose--geese, tooth-teeth,
foot--feet
wife--wives , wolf--wolves, leaf--leaves, shelf--shelves
fish, deer, sheep
名词词形变化
First of all, you should be equipped with knowledge and read a variety of _________（book）.
There is two __________ (hour) ride.
So the purpose of schools is not to teach languages, history, science and so on, but to teach __________（student） the way to learn．
To educate a girl is to change the destiny(命运) of three ________ (generation).
There are many students living at school, the ________ （child） houses are all far from school.
Today, with Why's help, I have learned certain ______(rule).
books
hours’
students
generations
children’s
rules
名词词形变化
What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________ (able) to “air condition”.
The far side of the moon is of particular ________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters.
Recognizing what your bad eating habits are is of great __________ (important) .
Chinese New Year is a __________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
Do what's best for your future _________(happy).
…, leading to a ______(believe) that populations are increasing.
ability
interest
importance
celebration
happiness
belief
代词考点：
代 词 宾格（作宾语） 形容词性物主代词 反身代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
myself
yourself
himselfherself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
代词词形变化
The king decided to see the painter by________ (he).
When you come, you can stay with ________ (we).
With the help of Mary, a roommate of ________ (me), I’ve soon got used to living without my parents around.
They didn’t take many chances in ________ (them) lives.
The children tied a long rope to one of ________ (it) branches, so that they could swing on it.
himself
us
mine
their
its
形容词副词词形变化
1. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait done so he called all great artists to come and present their ______ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
2. According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years_______ (long) than non-runners.
3. In 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.
finest
longer
highest
形容词副词考点：
形容词变副词常见规则 一般情况下直接加“ly”
少数以元音+e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly
以“y”结尾的，且读音为/i/，先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”
以“y”结尾的，如果读音为/ai/，直接加ly
以ic结尾的词，加ally， 但是public-publicly例外
以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y
以-ll结尾时，只须加–y
quick-quickly;polite-politely;sad-sadly
true-truly
happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily; busy-busily
dry-dryly; shy-shyly
basic-basically;scientific-scientifically
simple-simply;considerableconsiderably;
terrible-terribly;gentle-gently;possible-possibly;
probable-probably;incredible-incredibly
dull-dully;shrill-shrilly
形容词副词词性转化
1. __________(certain) during the holiday period, this plan is a must.
2. The (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
3. I didn't need to care about food and clothes or any other things. I was_______(true) happy in those days.
4. I helped him know he could be _________ (help) to others.
Certainly
beautiful
truly
helpful
形容词副词考点：
常见表否定的词缀 un-
in-
im- （用于以b, m, p开头的词根）
ir- （用于以r开头的词根)
dis-
non-
-less
unhappy , unlucky, unusual
invisible, inappropriate , incomplete
impossible , impolite , immobile
irregular , irresponsible , irrelevant
dishonest, disagree , disappear
nonstop, nonviolent , nonsmoking
hopeless, fearless, endless
形容词副词词性转化
1. The story seemed __________(believe), but it was actually ture.
2. His (care) in handling the crsis saved many lives.
3. She is used to be obedient to follow the rules. However , in this time her ___________ (agree) to attend the meeting is unexpected.
unbelievable
carefulness
disagreement
动词考点：功能
谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词。有人称和数的变化，也有时态和语态变化。
非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分。
无人称和数的变化，有时态和语态变化。
判断句中动词的功能
She sat down.
She sat down and waited for the teacher.
She sat down, waiting for the teacher.
Tip 1 原则上，一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词。
Tip 2 多一个连词，多一个谓语动词。(注意省略了引导词的从句)
Tip 3 句中已有谓语动词 且 无连词，则其余动词用非谓语形式！
e.g. Mary said she was waiting for the teacher.
判断关键：
谓语动词
连词
动词考点：功能——谓语动词
时态：
①时间标志 ②上下文谓语 ③句意
语态：
① 找标志（by）
② 看主语
（根据句意，看主语和动作的关系）
③找宾语
（vt.后一般有宾用主动; 无宾用被动）
双宾语除外，如call/give/tell等
动词考点：功能——谓语动词
时态 主动语态 被动语态(be done) 一般现在时 do(动原)/does (三单) am/ is/ are done
一般过去时 did (-ed/不规则) was/ were done
一般将来时 will + do (动原) will be done
☆ 情态动词 情态动词 + do (动原) 情态动词+be done
现在完成时 have/has+done (过去分词) have/has been done
现在进行时 am/is/are + doing am/ is/ are being done
过去进行时 was/were + doing was/ were being done
be动词必须
考虑时态！
动词词形变化
1. Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ________________(construct).”
2. In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
3. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers __________ (carry) special significance.
is constructed
(
)
has walked
carries
means
(谓语动词: 时态/语态)
动词词形变化
(谓语动词: 时态/语态)
Picking up her “Life time Achievement” award, proud Irene
（declare） she had no plans （retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I （make）
over the years. ”
非谓语动词：to do/ doing /done
declared
to retire
have made
(
)
(
)
have no plans to do sth
动词考点：功能——非谓语动词
01
非谓语
动词
02
to do
03
doing
done
有搭配，看搭配
没搭配，看完意思，看“主被”
表目的； 将来
表主动； 进行
表被动； 完成
动词考点：功能——非谓语动词
（1）doing(位于句首)做主语
（2）v./短语 + doing
have difficulty doing sth./ spend ... doing sth./ consider/ admit/ escape/ include/ mind/ risk/ can’t stand/ give up/ be busy/ avoid/ judging from/keep/ finish/ imagine/ practice/ enjoy/ miss/
（3）介词 + doing
be equal to doing/ commit oneself to doing
★doing
（1）“去做”
inspire/make an attempt/ have an opportunity / be designed to do/ take measures to do/prepare to do/intend/ manage/ desire/ expect/ would like/ promise/ decide /choose/ fail/ prepare/ refuse
（2）it句型
it is + adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
it is my duty to do
it is my honour to do
（3）序数词 + to do （e.g. the first to do）
（4）疑问词 + to do
★to do
动词考点：功能——非谓语动词
没搭配
看完意思
看“主被”
非谓语
to do
doing
done
有搭配
看搭配
1. 表目的
to do(为了)
2. 找逻辑主语
判主被关系
主动doing
被动done
1. to do
2. doing
动词词形变化
看“主被”:
Step 1:找逻辑主语 —— Step 2:判主被关系 ——doing (主)/done(被)
1. Rescue teams try to save people __________ (trap) under buildings.
2. With my homework __________ (finish), I can take a rest.
3. He failed to complete the task, __________ (make) his parents angry.
4. __________ (base) on a true story, the film attracts me a lot.
5. The moment I heard the word I became very __________ (frighten).
一般表“使...怎么样”的情绪/状态类词
-ed (感到...的)一般形容人
-ing (令人...的)一般形容物
e.g. surprised，satisfied，moved, disappointed，discouraged，frightened
trapped
finished
making
Based
frightened
动词词形变化
(非谓语动词)
1. You don’t have to run fast or for long ________ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __________ (die) early by running.
2. __________(stand) on the top of Mount Tai, we are able to have a good view of the beautiful scenery of the whole city.
dying
Standing
to see
判断动词作谓语：谓语动词通常体现时态或语态，且常出现在主语之后。有时and 会并列谓语动词，注意分析句子结构。
判断动词作非谓语：一般英语中一个简单句，有且只能有一个核心的谓语动词，扫览全句，如果前面或后面有体现时态或语态的动词，则所填动词为非谓语
动词功能判断
给
提
示
词
先判断提示词的词性
再判断空格处的词性
一致
不一致
词形变化
词性转化
名词
代词
形容词 副词
动词
名词
动词
形容词
副词
词形变化
名词：单数变复数；名词所有格
代词：五格之间相互转化（主格、宾格、形物代、名物代、反身代）
形容词 副词：比较级、最高级、加否定前后缀
动词：谓语——时态；被动语态
非谓语——to do；doing；done
不给提示词
3
2
介词
连词
4
代词
1
冠词
冠词
When we got a call saying she was short-listed（入围），we thought it was_____ joke.
The parents were shocked by______news that their son needed _____ operation on his knee.
the
a
an
不定冠词a/an+n.(可数名词单数）
定冠词 the+n.(被序数词，最高级，从句等限定特指的名词）
冠词
1. Instead, she is earning 6500 a day as ___ model in New York.
2. _____ village where I was born has grown into a town.
The
a
下列情况很有可能填不定冠词
_________+可数名词（单数）
_________+形容词+可数名词（单数）
下列情况很有可能填定冠词
_________（+定语）+ 名词 + of 等介词短语（表示特指）
_________（+定语）+ 名词 + 定语从句（表示特指）
_________（+定语）+ 名词 + 不定式短语或分词短语（表示特指）
介词
He opened the door out ______curiosity.
2. _________the help of the map he made, he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.
3. Most of us are more focused ____ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
of
句子不缺主语、表语，动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，填介词.
介词:基本用法及惯用搭配
With
on
连词
1. I work not because I have to, ________ because I want to.
2. Some students like English ________ some like maths.
3. Office workers tried to put out the fire, ____ it was impossible to control it.
but
while
并列关系：and；neither…nor…; not…but…;
选择关系：or; either…or…;
转折关系：but; yet; while;
因果关系：so；for
but
连词解题思路
若两句(两个主谓关系)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号 (逗号不能连接简单句），一定是填并列连词或从句引导词。
1)根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是复杂句。
2)然后根据各类从句的特点，确定是状语、定语或名词性从句；再结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个引导词。
连词考点：
关系代词 指代人 作主语
作宾语
指代物 作主语/宾语
指代所属关系 作定语
that 只能用that
不能用that
who/that
whom
which/that
有序数词和最高级
有every, all, the only等
whose
主语有who或 which
非限制性定语从句
在介词后
连词考点：
名词性从句 主语从句 从属连词
连接代词
连接副词
表语从句 可接表语从句的连系动词
从属连词
连接代词
连接副词
宾语从句 从属连词
连接代词
连接副词
that, whether
who, what, which；whoever,whatever, whichever
be，look，seem，sound，appear等
who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever
that, whether, as if/as though, because
when, where, how和why
when, where, how, why
that，whether，if 等
what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等
when，where，why，how等
连词
1. I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ________ I was to return to Guangzhou.
2. _____ we are satisfied with what we have, we will not really make more progress.
3. They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
before
If
that/who
代词
1. I find ________difficult to learn English well.
2.Tom has a beautiful bag. I want to buy________.
3. I get two gifts, and I like______.
4.I get two gifts, but I like______.
it
one
it作形式宾语
指代前文提到的单数可数名词
one同类不同物
both
neither
不定代词
Summary
有 提 示 词 动词 名词 形容词 副词 代词
无 提 示 词 介词 连词 冠词 代词
① 谓语：时态，语态，主谓一致；
② 非谓语；
③ 词性转换
① 单复数
② 名词所有格
③ 词性转换
① 比较级，最高级
② 词性转换：形容词变副词
③ 反义词
① 比较级，最高级
② 词性转换
主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、反身代词、名词性物主代词
固定搭配，语境语义
特殊句式
句间逻辑
是否可数，
是否特指，
是否元音开头
it（常考）
THANKS

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