Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land Discovering useful structures 课件(共31张PPT)人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册

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Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land Discovering useful structures 课件(共31张PPT)人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册

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(共31张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
新人教选择性必修二
Unit 4
Journey Across a Vast Land
Learning Objectives
Summarize different usages between present participles (-ing form) and past participles (-ed form).
Use -ing form and -ed form to show emotions.
Apply -ing form and -ed form to describing a tour plan.
Make comments on others’ tour plan.
Lead-in:
表语
状语
Look at the sentences from the text, translate them into Chinese and pay attention to the function of -ed and -ing forms.
see frighten
The girl were to see such an open country
The farms covered a very large area, which was
amazed
amazing
from the top of the mountain, the scenery was really fascinating.
the scenery from the top of the mountain, I was fascinated by the autumn colours.
Seen
Seeing
Observe and Discover:
确定谓语动词 or 非谓语动词 ?
→填非谓语动词:句子中已有 且无 。
谓语动词
连词或引导词
分类 意义 功能
To do 目的,将来 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语
doing 主动,进行 表语、定语、状语和补语
Done 被动,过去 表语、定语、状语和补语
Observe and Discover:
We were surprised at his sudden appearance.
The situation is getting alarming.
表语
表语
修饰
感到惊讶的
修饰
令人担忧的
当过去分词和现在分词作表语时,过去分词描述人或物的情感,
意为:_________;现在分词描述事物,意为:_________
感到……
令人……
一、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词作表语的用法。
过去分词作表语时,也相当于形容词,但它主要用来描述主语(通常是人)的心理感受、情绪或所处的状态。它表达的是一种“被动”的意味,即“感到……的”或“被……的”,过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语,表示主语所处的状态或情况。
描述人的感受或情绪:
I am interested in this book. (我对这本书很感兴趣。)
解析:这是人的感受。书是有趣的(interesting),我是感兴趣的(interested)。)
一、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词作表语的用法。
过去分词作表语时,也相当于形容词,但它主要用来描述主语(通常是人)的心理感受、情绪或所处的状态。它表达的是一种“被动”的意味,即“感到……的”或“被……的”,过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语,表示主语所处的状态或情况。
描述人的感受或情绪:
We were excited about the trip. (我们对这次旅行很兴奋。)
解析:强调我们内心的感受。)
She felt tired after work. (下班后她感到很疲惫。)
解析:描述她当时的身体状态。)
一、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词作表语的用法。
过去分词作表语时,也相当于形容词,但它主要用来描述主语(通常是人)的心理感受、情绪或所处的状态。它表达的是一种“被动”的意味,即“感到……的”或“被……的”,过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语,表示主语所处的状态或情况。
描述事物的状态(常与被动有关):
The window is broken. (窗户破了。)
解析:强调窗户现在的状态是“破碎的”,通常暗示它是被打破的。)
The door remains locked. (门依然锁着。)
解析:描述门所处的“被锁”的状态。)
I am surprised at your decision. (我对你的决定感到很惊讶。)
解析:你的决定让我(被动地)产生了惊讶的感觉。)
一、过去分词作表语
难点辨析:如何区分“系表结构”与“被动语态”?
过去分词作表语(系表结构): 强调状态。
The cup is broken. (杯子破了。)
含义: 描述杯子现在的状态是破碎的。
被动语态(谓语动词): 强调动作。
The cup was broken by Tom. (杯子是汤姆打破的。)
含义: 描述“打破”这个动作是由汤姆完成的。
2. 现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。
特征 现在分词 (V-ing) 过去分词 (V-ed/V3)
语态含义 通常表示主动 通常表示被动或完成
描述对象 多用于修饰事物 (The news) 多用于修饰人 (I/He)
表达重点 表示主语的性质/特征
(令人...的) 表示主语的感受/状态
(感到...的)
ing → 主动、性质 → 令人……的
ed → 被动、感受 → 感到……的
一、过去分词作表语
经典对比练习(让你记得更牢)
The story is moving. (这个故事很感人。) 故事的性质
I am moved by the story. (我被这个故事感动了。) 我的感受
The job is tiring. (这份工作很累人。) 工作的性质
He is tired of the job. (他对这份工作感到厌倦了。) 他的感受
The result is disappointing. (结果令人失望。) -> 结果的性质
They are disappointed with the result. (他们对结果感到失望。) 他们的情绪
Observe and Discover:
Seen from space, Earth is blue.
Looking out of the window, I found the garden beautiful. (我看着窗外,发现花园很美。)
状语
状语
主语
被动关系
群山和森林作为“物”是“被看到”的
主语
主动关系
I 指“人”,人是动作“看” 的主体
二、过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时,句子的主语必须是该分词动作的承受者(逻辑主语)。它通常强调动作的被动或完成。
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。
本句中的written in a hurry为过去分词短语作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写完。
过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。
二、过去分词作状语
1. 表示时间
可转换为 when, while 引导的从句,常放在句首。
例句: Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful. (当从山上被看时,公园看起来很漂亮。)
2. 表示原因
可转换为 because, as 引导的从句。
例句: Encouraged by his teacher, he decided to try again. (因为受到了老师的鼓励,他决定再试一次。)
二、过去分词作状语
3. 表示条件
可转换为 if 引导的条件状语从句。
例句: Given more time, I could do it better. (如果被给予更多时间,我能做得更好。)
4. 表示让步
可转换为 although, though 引导的从句。
例句: Beaten by the enemy, he refused to give in. (虽然被敌人打败了,但他拒绝投降。)
5. 表示伴随/方式
例句: The teacher came in, followed by his students. (老师进来了,后面跟着他的学生。)
注意:
1.逻辑主语必须一致
分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
正确: Looking out of the window, I saw the tree. (我看 -> 我看窗外,逻辑一致)
错误: Looking out of the window, the tree was very big. (树不能看窗外,逻辑混乱)
注意:
2. 时态的体现(现在分词的完成式)
如果现在分词的动作明显发生在谓语动词动作之前,需要用完成形式 (Having done)。
例句: Having finished his homework, he went out to play. (先做完作业,后出去玩。)
注意:
3. “连词 + 分词”结构
为了使关系更明确,分词前有时可以加上连词(如 when, while, if, though, once 等)。这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。
例句: When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. (当你做体检时,你应该保持冷静。)
Even if invited(=Even if I’m invited), I won’t take part in the party.
即使受到邀请,我也不会参加这个聚会的。
拓展:部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示“被动关系”,其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, she didn’t hear the sound.
由于陷入沉思,所以她没有听到那个声音。
Dressed in a new dress, she looks very beautiful.
穿着一件新衣服,她看上去很漂亮。
固定表达(独立主格的特例)
有些分词短语已经演变成固定搭配,用来修饰整个句子,此时不遵循“逻辑主语一致”的原则。
Generally speaking, ... (一般来说)
Judging from his accent, ... (从他的口音判断)
Considering the time, ... (考虑到时间...)
3. 过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别。
特征 现在分词 (Doing) 过去分词 (Done
逻辑关系 主动 (主语是动作发出者) 被动 (主语是动作承受者)
动作状态 进行中、未完成、与谓语同时 已完成、状态、或被动意味
例句对比 Seeing from the top, we found the city beautiful. (我们主动看) Seen from the top, the city looks beautiful. (城市被看)
三、特殊结构:独立主格
The signal given, the bus started.
信号一发出,汽车就开动了。
(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语。)
Her head held high, she went by.
她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。
(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语。)
如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。
Attention:
Summary
Useful structure: -ing forms & -ed forms
to show emtions
as adverbials
-ed:to feel
-ing:to make people feel
1. 主句,+-ing/-ed...
2. -ing/-ed...., 主句
3. -ing/-ed...., 主句,+ing/-ed...
Past participle -ed Present participle
-ing
做表语 表示人或物的心情或状态等,意为:________ 表示人或物自身特征,意为:__________
作状语 与逻辑主语之间是______ ______,往往表示完成 与逻辑主语之间是________,往往表示动作正在进行
Summarize
感到……
令人……
被动
主动关系
关系
第一部分:选择正确的形式填空(作表语)
The news was very __________ (surprising / surprised). We were all __________ (shocking / shocked).
The instructions are very __________ (confusing / confused). I feel quite __________ (confusing / confused).
The result of the experiment was __________ (disappointing / disappointed). The scientists were __________ (disappointing / disappointed) with it.
surprising
shocked
confusing
confused
disappointing
disappointed
第一部分:选择正确的形式填空(作表语)
This is a very __________ (inspiring / inspired) speech. The audience felt __________ (inspiring / inspired).
The situation is __________ (alarming / alarmed). We should take action immediately.
inspiring
inspired
alarming
第二部分:用括号内动词的正确形式填空(作状语)
__________ (see) from space, the earth looks like a blue ball.
__________ (not know) what to do, he turned to his parents for help.
__________ (give) more time, we could do it better.
__________ (encourage) by the progress he has made, he works harder than before.
Seen
Not knowing
Given
Encouraged
第二部分:用括号内动词的正确形式填空(作状语)
The secretary worked late into the night, __________ (prepare) a long speech for the president.
__________ (complete) the project on time, they had to work overtime.
__________ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
preparing
To complete
Lost
第三部分:翻译句子
这本书很无聊,我感到很无聊。
The book is boring, and I feel bored.
听到这个消息,他高兴地跳了起来。
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
完成作业后,他去睡觉了。
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
第三部分:翻译句子
这个问题解决了,我们就可以回家了。
The problem solved, we could go home. (独立主格结构,也可以用 When the problem was solved...)
由于不知道地址,他无法给她写信。
Not knowing the address, he couldn't write to her.
Discovering Useful Structures
新人教选择性必修二
Thank You !

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