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(共32张PPT)
Unit 5
Discovering Useful Structures
By the end of the class, you will be able to
Learn the attributive clause introduced by relative adverbs and pronouns + relative pronouns.;
Identify and summarize the function of relative adverbs in restrictive relative clauses;
To differentiate relative adverb from relative pronouns.
Clue 1: The language is spoken in the countries where Chinese is the official language.
Clue 2: To see the world in a broader way is the reason why people learn the language.
Clue 3: I started to learn the language at the time when I was still in the kindergarten.
Lead-in
What is a restrictive clause
在复合句中, 修饰某一 _____ 或 _____ 的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 _______ , 定语从句一般放在先行词的_____ , 引导定语从句的词叫做 _______。
先行词
后面
关系词
名词
代词
先行词
关系词
定语从句
+
+
关系代词
关系副词
（that, which, who, whom, whose）
（where, when, why）
Review
关系代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 主语 宾语 定语
that
which
who
whom
whose
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
识别定从，找到先行词
判断先行词代指人还是物
判断从句中缺少什么成分
选定恰当的关系词
如何正确选择关系词
Fill in the blanks with that/which/who/whom/whose.
1. They are the survivors _______ home was destroyed by the earthquake.
2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people_________ were asleep.
3. The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything ______ they could find.
4. A number of children _______ parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in other cities.
5. This frightened boy _______mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now .
6. This is the young man _________saved people trapped under ruins.
7. Several days later most of the buildings __________had been damaged were repaired.
who/that
whose
that
which/that
whose
who/that
whose
1. It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3. There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.
4. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
找出定语从句、关系词及关系词在从句中的充当的句子成分。
地点
时间
原因
1.观察先行词有什么特点？
2.先行词在从句中作什么成分？
地点状语 in the house
时间状语 on the day
原因状语 for this reason
地点
地点状语 on bones and shells
Para 1
Para 2
Para 3
Find out the sentences with similar structure in the text.
Para 4-6
关系副词 指代 在从句中充当的成分 关系副词=介词+关系代词
when
where
why
time
时间状语
place
reason
地点状语
原因状语
作状语，即从句成分完整，不缺主，宾，表，定语。
where (=in/at/on which)
when (=on/during/in which)
why (=for which)
定语从句的关系副词
1. I still remember the time _______ I first travelled by plane.
2. We will never forget the year _______ the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
when引导的定语从句
when
when
当先行词为表示_______的名词(如：day, time, week, month, year)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，定语从句用when引导。
可用“介词+ which” 来替换。
时间
1. I'd like to live in the house there is plenty of sunshine.
2. We have reached a point a change is needed.
3. He gets into a situation it is hard to decide what is
right or wrong.
where引导的定语从句
where
where
where
当先行词为表示______的名词(如：place, house, airport)或抽象地点的名词(如：point，case，situation，position，occasion，platform，stage等) ，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，定语从句用where引导。可用“介词+ which” 来替换。
地点
1. This is the reason he left in a hurry.
2. I don’t know the reason he didn’t turn to his friends
for help yesterday.
why引导的定语从句
why
why
当先行词为表示______的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，定语从句用why引导。可用“ for + which” 来替换。
原因
如何区分关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时,
关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 用关系副词;
若关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时, 则用关系代词。
方法：分析从句句子成分
1. Canada is a country _____________ both English and French are spoken.
2. Canada is the country ___________we visited last year.
3. I can still remember those days ________I was learning a foreign language.
4. I can still remember those days ___________I spent with my grandparents.
5. This is the reason _______ he finds Spanish so difficult.
6. The reason ____________ he gave for his lateness was traffic jam.
where/in which
which/that
when
that/which
why
that/which
【即学即练】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
介词+关系副词
关系副词 介词+关系副词
when
where
why
at/on/in/during + which
at/on/in+ which
for + which
1. I still remember the day ________I became a lawyer.
2. My father used to work in the room _______ I always do my
homework now.
3. This is the main reason _____ he was in hospital.
when
where
why
on which
in which
for which
介词确定原则
①与先行词的搭配;
②与从句谓语的搭配;
③逻辑关系。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. This is the student __________ I bought a book.
2. This is the ship _________ I went to Shanghai.
for whom
by which
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom,不可用that/who。先行词指物时用which，先行词指人时用whom。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“名词，不定代词或数词 + of + which (指物)/whom (指人)”在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。
1. China has lots of islands, ____________ is Hainan Island.
2. The building had been repaired, _________________ was
destroyed again in a big fire.
3. Miss Liu has a lot of students, ______________ are girls.
one of which
the roof of which
some of whom
在定语从句中，有一些含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用，
如look after、look for 等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. ( )
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. ( )
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1) 关系副词when
① There was a period(时期)________ I hated to go to school.
② Last winter________ I went there again, they had a big separate
house to raise dozens of chickens.
③ I will never forget the year_______we were immersed in learning
European languages.
2) 关系副词where
① He gets into a situation_______ it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.
② The factory_______ his father works is in the west of the city.
③ Creating a relaxing atmosphere_______employees are less scared
to state their views is a big challenge.
3) 关系副词why
① He didn’t tell me the reason_______he was so upset.
② Please tell me the reason ________ he refused to follow my advice.
when
when
when
where
where
where
why
why
during which
in which
in which
in which
in which
in which
for which
for which
①There are places_______ancient languages were born and reasons______languages evolved uniquely due to isolation.
②The reason ______ I love my job as a nature photographer is ______ I can observe
animals in their natural environment.
③Our teacher took us to the museum _______ an exhibition on Chinese art was held.
④It was in September, 2013 _______ I studied in the UK _______ I met and fell in love with my wife.
⑤Do you know the year_________the Chinese Communist Party was founded
⑥However, the typical teenagers’ lifestyle is already filled with so much competition
______ it would be wise to plan activities______ ______there are more winners
than losers.
where/in which
for which/why
for which/why
that
in which/ where
when
that
when/in which
in which
that
4)“介词+which/whom”的用法
识别定语从句
找先行词，划分主从句
把先行词插入到从句中
判断插入部分：是缺主语宾语、定语，还是缺状语
依据先行词，正确选用
解题步骤
用恰当的关系代词，关系副词或“介词+关系代词”完成句子。
The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
The USA is a country many different dialects are spoken.
The reason he explained at the meeting sounds reasonable.
It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
I saw a house, the windows of were broken.
She has two sons, both of graduated from Harvard University.
when
where
that/which
where
which
whom
用恰当的关系代词，关系副词或“介词+关系代词”完成句子。
7. — Do you have anything to say for yourself
— Yes. There is one point I must insist on.
8. — What do you think of teaching, Bob
— It is a job you are doing something serious
but interesting.
9. It was in the village he once lived that he got his
junior education.
10. We have entered into an age dreams have the
best chance of coming true.
which/that
where/in which
where
when
1.【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
答案：that/which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
链接高考
2.【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia," add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
答案：who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tang Xianzu，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。
链接高考
3.【2022·新课标Ⅰ卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案：that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：GPNP旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。此处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the species，且前有不定代词all，应用关系代词that。故填that。
链接高考
1. (2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place ___________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
2. (2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins，...
3. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
4. (2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
that/which
where
that
who
Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns.
When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country _______________ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. And I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place __________ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view. I felt as if I had reached the goal ___________ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason _________ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum!
where/in which
when/on which
where
which/that
why
Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions.
Summary

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