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教学课件
沪外教英语八年级下册
Unit3 语法专项—The passive voice（被动语态）
全解精讲+分层练习
学习目标
1.理解被动语态的核心定义，区分主动与被动语态
2.掌握4种核心时态的被动语态结构，能准确运用
3.熟记被动语态的使用场景，判断何时使用被动
4.掌握主动变被动的步骤，能完成句式转换
5.规避被动语态的使用误区，攻克高频考点
语法核心定义
被动语态：强调动作的承受者，而非执行者
核心结构：be + 及物动词的过去分词
本质：动作的承受者作句子的主语
使用前提：谓语动词必须是及物动词（能接宾语）
主动语态 vs 被动语态
主动语态：主语是动作执行者
结构：主语（执行者）+ 谓语 + 宾语（承受者）
例句：The worker made the clay pot.（工人做了陶壶）
被动语态：主语是动作承受者
结构：主语（承受者）+ be+过去分词+(by+执行者)
例句：The clay pot was made by the worker.
基本时态结构（一）
时态 被动语态结构 核心提示
一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 随主语单复数变be动词
一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 过去时间标志词提示时态
例句1：Rice is grown in the south. 例句2：The letter was sent yesterday. 基本时态结构（二）
时态 被动语态结构 核心提示
一般将来时 will be + 过去分词/ be going to be + 过去分词 将来时间标志词提示
情态动词被动 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 情态动词后be用原形
例句1：A new gym will be built here. 例句2：This problem can be solved easily. 小练习 辨时态填结构
根据时态提示，写出被动语态的正确结构
1.一般现在时（主语he）：______ + 过去分词
2.一般过去时（主语they）：______ + 过去分词
3.情态动词can：can + ______ + 过去分词
4.一般将来时：______ + 过去分词
is
were
be
will be
被动语态的使用场景（一）
场景1：不知道谁是动作的执行者
例句：My bike was stolen last night.
译：我的自行车昨晚被偷了。（不知道偷车的人）
场景2：不重要谁是动作的执行者
例句：The new road was built last year.
译：这条新路是去年建的。（无需提及建设者）
被动语态的使用场景（二）
场景3：强调动作的承受者（本单元核心）
例句：The oil-paper umbrella is known all over the world.
译：油纸伞闻名世界。（强调油纸伞）
场景4：正式/客观表达（介绍文化、工艺、新闻）
例句：It is reported that the craft show will open soon.
译：据报道，工艺展即将开幕。
小练习 判断使用场景
判断下列句子使用被动语态的原因
1.The book was written in 1990.（ ）
2.Chinese paper cutting is loved by people worldwide.（ ）
A.不知道执行者 B.强调承受者 C.正式表达
A
B
核心考点 主动变被动步骤（必背）
步骤1：把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语
步骤2：把主动句的谓语变为be+过去分词，be随新主语和时态变化
步骤3：（可选）加by+原主语，点明执行者
步骤4：保留主动句的状语、补语等其他成分
主动变被动 例句
主动句：People grow tea in Fujian.（人们在福建种茶）
步骤1：宾语tea变主语
步骤2：grow→is grown（一般现在时，主语单数）
步骤3：by people（可选）
步骤4：保留in Fujian
被动句：Tea is grown in Fujian (by people).
小练习 主动变被动
将下列主动句改为被动句，按步骤完成
1.We clean the classroom every day.
2.He finished the work yesterday.
The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
The work was finished by him yesterday.
特殊注意点1 不及物动词无被动
不及物动词：不能直接接宾语的动词，无被动形式
常见词：happen, appear, die, arrive, come, go
错误示范：The accident was happened yesterday.（×）
正确表达：The accident happened yesterday.（√）
特殊注意点2 过去分词的拼写
规则变化：动词后加ed（work→worked, play→played）
不规则变化：需重点记忆（必背）
make→made, see→seen, do→done, draw→drawn
write→written, bring→brought, invent→invented
特殊注意点3 by的省略原则
by + 执行者：用于明确动作是谁发出的
省略情况：执行者不明、不重要或无需强调时
例句1：The letter was sent by my mother.（不省略，强调妈妈）
例句2：The letter was sent yesterday.（省略，无需提执行者）
拓展 固定被动句型
It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句
常见搭配：It is said that… 据说……
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is reported that… 据报道……
It is known that… 众所周知……
例句：It is known that paper was invented in China.
语法小测 判断正误
判断下列句子正误，标注错误原因
1.The news was spread quickly.
2.He is liked by all his classmates.
3.The meeting will hold next week.
4.Music can be heard everywhere.
√
√
× hold→be held
√
语法小结 核心框架（一）
1.被动核心：be + 及物动词过去分词，强调动作承受者
2.四种时态：一般现在/过去/将来时、情态动词被动
3.使用场景：执行者不明/不重要、强调承受者、正式表达
4.变被动步骤：宾变主→谓语变be+过去分词→加by（可选）
语法小结 核心框架（二）
1.不及物动词：无被动形式，切勿误用be+过去分词
2.过去分词：熟记不规则变化，避免拼写错误
3.by的用法：执行者明确则加，否则省略
4.固定句型：It is said/believed that… 用被动表客观
单项选择
1.The little boy ____________ by his mother every morning.
A. is taken care B. is taken care of C. takes care of
2.This story book ____________ by many students in our class.
A. reads B. is read C. is reading
3.The problem ____________ by our teacher tomorrow.
A. will explain B. is explained C. will be explained
4.The old house ____________ built in the 1980s.
A. was B. is C. will be
5.This kind of flower ____________ in the north of China.
A. can’t grow B. can’t be grown C. doesn’t grow
B
B
C
A
B
6.____________ that the art show will start on Sunday.
A. It says B. It is said C. It was said
7.These photos ____________ by my father in the park last week.
A. were taken B. took C. are taken
8.More trees ____________ in our school next spring.
A. will plant B. are planted C. will be planted
9.The classroom ____________ every afternoon by the students.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. is cleaning
10.The lost watch ____________ by a little girl yesterday.
A. found B. is found C. was found
B
A
C
B
C
用所给动词正确形式填空
1.The window ____________ (break) by a little boy just now.
2.English ____________ (speak) in many countries around the world.
3.The new film ____________ (show) in the cinema next week.
4.The little girl ____________ (take) care of by her grandma.
5.This song ____________ (love) by young people.
was broken
is spoken
will be shown
is taken
is loved
6.The work _______________ (finish) in two hours.
7.It ____________ (believe) that he is a good student.
8.The letter ____________ (write) by my sister yesterday.
9.Water ____________ (need) by all the living things.
10.This book ____________ (can read) by children easily.
will be finished
is believed
was written
is needed
can be read
句型转换（主动变被动）
1.People make this kind of cup in Jingdezhen.
2.He will send the letter to his pen pal tomorrow.
3.The teacher explains the problem to us every day.
4.We will hold a sports meeting next month.
5.She bought a new pen in the shop yesterday.
This kind of cup is made in Jingdezhen by people .
The letter will be sent to his pen pal by him tomorrow.
The problem is explained to us by the teacher every day.
.A sports meeting will be held by us next month.
A new pen was bought in the shop by her yesterday.
句型转换（被动变主动）
1.The room is cleaned by my mother every day.
2.The cake was made by my sister last night.
3.This book can be read by students of all ages.
4.A new hospital will be built here next year.
My mother cleans the room every day.
My sister made the cake last night.
Students of all ages can read this book.
People will build a new hospital here next year.
短文填空（用被动语态）
Chinese kung fu is a traditional culture of China. It 1.____________ (know) by people all over the world. Many kung fu movies 2.____________ (make) every year. Kung fu 3.____________ (teach) in many foreign countries now. It 4.____________ (say) that kung fu can make people strong. A big kung fu show 5.____________ (hold) in our city next month.
is known
are made
is taught
is said
will be held
课堂总结 核心知识点回顾
1.被动语态结构：be+及物动词过去分词，be随时态和主语变化
2.四大核心时态：现/过/将来时、情态动词被动的结构要记牢
3.主动变被动：宾变主，谓语变，加by可选，成分保留
4.固定句型：It is said/believed that… 客观表达必用
课堂总结 易错点梳理
1.不及物动词不能用被动，如happen, arrive
2.过去分词要记准，尤其是不规则变化
3.情态动词被动：情态动词后必须用be原形
4.by的省略：执行者不明/不重要时才省略，不可乱用
教学课件
Unit3 语法专项—The passive voice（被动语态）
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