甄嬛传版-to do 不定式作表语-2025-2026学年高中英语语法讲解课件(共52张PPT)

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甄嬛传版-to do 不定式作表语-2025-2026学年高中英语语法讲解课件(共52张PPT)

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(共52张PPT)
甄嬛传版-to do 不定式作表语
宫斗学语法
有趣又好记
requirednot
Learning Objectives
To master the use of the infinitive as subject;
To understand the differences between the infinitive and the gerund as subject;
To use the infinitive as subject in different situations.
Lead-in:
It is crucial to win the emperor’s favor in the harem.
获得皇上的恩宠在后宫是至关重要的。
It takes great wisdom to survive in such a cruel palace.
在如此残酷的皇宫中生存下来需要极大的智慧。
It is impossible for Huanzhu to forgive the emperor after knowing the truth.
对甄嬛来说,知道真相后原谅皇上是不可能的。
It was foolish of Nian Gengyao to refuse the emperor's order.
年羹尧拒绝皇上的命令真是太愚蠢了。
To seek revenge is to walk a path of thorns.
寻求复仇就是走上了一条荆棘之路。
The Infinitive as subject.
Lead-in:
Analyze what the underlined part serve as in each sentence and translate them into Chinese.
To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. (para 1)
To change bad habits is never easy,even with many attempts. (para 2)
改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情,即使你三番五次地尝试。
防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。
系动词
主语
to do 不定式放在句首作主语
How to get there is a question.
When to start this project has not been decided yet.
Try to find the subject of each sentence, and translate them into Chinese.
主语
主语
如何到达那里是一个问题。
还没决定什么时候启动这个项目。
疑问词+不定式作主语
Lead-in:
Lead-in:
It is an honor to receive this award.
It is a miracle to survive such an accident.
It is a shame to waste so much food.
Read the following sentences and analyze what the underlined part serve as in each sentence. (activity 1)
真正主语
真正主语
形式主语
真正主语
用 it 作形式主语,放在句首,把真正的主语 — 动词不定式置于句后。
Lead-in:
动词不定式作主语有三种形式:
直接放在________作主语;
和_________构成短语作主语。
为了保持句子平衡,用________作形式主语,放在句首,把真正的主语 — 动词不定式置于句后;
句首
it
疑问词
Summary
不定式的时态和语态

1. To talk with him is a great pleasure. (talk)
2. The meeting to be held next week is about the COVID-19.(hold)
3. When the teacher came in, he pretended to be reading.(read)
3. Some items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong.(come)
4. The dog was said to have been killed by a wanderer.(kill)
不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一 般 to do to be done
进 行 to be doing
完 成 to have done to have been done
谓语动作发生时,不定式动作正在进行。
不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前。
一、核心一句话
语法定义
动词不定式(to+动词原形)在句中充当主语,表具体、一次性、将来的动作,如同小主初入后宫,每一个举动都是具体的心意表达
宫廷类比
在宫里,就是:要去做的那件事,作句子的主语。如同奉旨办事,差事本身就是核心。
小主问答 · 何为不定式主语?
槿汐问
小主初入后宫,______(谨言慎行)是安身立命之本。
此句中,何者可作主语?
甄嬛答
“To be cautious in words and deeds” 可作主语,此为不定式作主语,表「谨言慎行」这一具体动作。
谓语用单数 is,如同后宫一人独大,规矩唯一!
核心规则
不定式作主语,谓语动词一律用单数,此为后宫第一语法规矩!
1. To see is to believe.
2. To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
3. To say is one thing and to do is another.
4. To make a detailed plan is a good idea to make it successful.
从位置上看,动词不定式作主语,通常放在句首。当句子主语和表语都是非谓语时,通常要_________,例如:
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.
保持一致
Observation
二、正常语序:直接置于句首(较正式/强调),通常用于不定式短语较短,或为了强调动作本身时。
核心结构
To + 动词原形 + 谓语(单数) + 其他成分
宫廷例句
1. To survive in the palace is not easy.
(在宫里活下去,并不容易。)
2. To please the emperor is hard.
(取悦皇上,是很难的。)
直接作主语·御花园闲谈
核心规则:主谓一致,主次分明
不定式直接置于句首作主语时,谓语动词必须使用单数形式(如 is, was, benefits)。如同御花园牡丹,一花独艳。
适用场景:短语简短,直白无赘
当不定式短语较短时使用,句式简洁明了,如同姐妹间的闲谈,没有多余修饰。
经典例句:御花园札记
To watch flowers is a pleasure in the harem.
赏花是后宫乐事 → 谓语 is (单数)
To drink osmanthus tea benefits the body.
喝桂花茶有益身体 → 谓语 benefits (单数)
To chat with sisters calms the heart.
与姐妹闲谈可静心 → 谓语 calms (单数)
场景拓展·御花园的不定式主语
御花园情景实录
To walk along the stone bridge is relaxing.
(沿石桥散步令人放松)
To pick fresh flowers is not allowed.
(采摘鲜花是不被允许的)
苏培盛批注
“皇上吩咐,御花园的规矩不可破,不定式作主语的规矩也不可破!”
直接作主语时,短短语更合适。若短语过长,便会头重脚轻,如同抬轿的太监前后失衡,失了体统!
华妃提点 · 避坑小提醒
语法大忌 VS 正确示范
大忌:直接作主语时,谓语动词用复数!
错误例句:To sing and dance are happy.
正确:不定式并列作主语,谓语用单数
正确例句:To sing and dance is happy.
(歌舞相伴是乐事,视为一个整体)
华妃娘娘 · 翊坤宫批注
本宫最见不得没规矩的!不定式作主语,哪怕是并列动作,谓语也得用单数。
如同本宫的翊坤宫,只有本宫一个主位,岂容二主?!
—— 谨记:一个主语,一个核心,只能用单数。
初尝实操·碎玉轩小练
实操演练:补全句子
1.______ (学习后宫规矩) is the first thing for a new maid.
2.______ (敬奉皇上) is the duty of every concubine.
槿汐小语
“小主,不定式作主语,to+动词原形不可少,如同练字要先描红,循规蹈矩方为上。”
Observation
How to solve this problem remains unknown.
Where to build the hospital is still under discussion.
_____________构成不定式短语作主语。疑问词包括疑问代词who、whom、what、which、whose以及疑问副词when、where和how。此外连接词whether也适用。此时,疑问词 + to do 结构可以转化为一个__________,例如:
How to use the computer is a question.
= ___________________________________________
疑问词+to do
主语从句
How we can use the computer is a question.
二、正常语序:动词不定式与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how等连用构成不定式短语,也可作主语。
How to survive is the question.
如何生存下来是个问题。
Where to go has not been decided.
去哪儿还没有定下来。
For him to admit his mistakes is not easy.
For us to finish the composition in a quarter of an hour is really difficult.
动词不定式作主语可以带上自己的____________,一般用for / of 短语来表示。但此时多使用形式主语 it 来引起,使得句子保持平衡。例如,第2句可以改为:It is really difficult for us to finish the composition in a quarter of an hour.
逻辑主语
Observation
英语习惯避免头重脚轻,常用 it 当形式主语,把真正的主语(to do)放后面。
三、it作形式主语
核心概念:替身与避嫌
It is + 形容词/名词 + to do sth.
标准句型结构
It is dangerous to offend the Empress.
得罪皇后,是很危险的。
It is wise to keep a low profile.
保持低调,是明智的。
情景例句 (后宫生存法则)
it作形式主语·养心殿议政
核心规则:避重就轻,屏风之术
为避免句子「头重脚轻」,用it作形式主语(如养心殿屏风,只作摆设),将真正的不定式主语置于句末。此为考试高频、后宫通用的黄金用法!
本宫批注:熟记龙颜,必得圣心
此用法占不定式作主语用法的90%,小主务必熟记,如同熟记皇上的喜好!
御批公式:金科玉律
基础公式
It + 谓语 + to do + 其他.
拓展公式
It + be + 形容词/名词 + to do + 其他.
Observation
It is a pity to miss the concert.
It is a pleasure to meet you.
It is a teacher’s duty to educate students.
以上三个句子的表语都是_______,它们可归纳为一个共同句式:_____________________________。
名词
it + be + n. + to do sth
Observation
It is very easy to learn how to swim.
It is hard for children to understand this complex math problem.
It is important to drink enough water every day.
It is possible to pass the exam without studying.
以上四个句子有两点共同之处:
句子的真正主语都是___________,但都使用 it 作形式主
语;
2. 句子的表语都是________。
动词不定式
形容词
it + be + adj + (逻辑主语) + to do sth
1. It is + 形容词 + to do
It is safe to stay silent.
保持沉默才安稳。
2. It is + 名词 + (for sb) + to do
常见的名词有:pity, shame, pleasure,
one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等
It is a mistake to trust everyone.
(轻信他人是错)
四、高频句型
拓展① 形容词搭配·养心殿研墨
核心句式:It + be + 形容词 + to do sth.
高频形容词 · 等级划分
「正一品」(最常用)
important, necessary, easy, difficult
「从一品」(次常用)
wise, helpful, meaningful, careful
场景例句 · 养心殿实录
It is important to serve the emperor carefully.
(细心侍奉皇上至关重要)
It is wise to keep silent in the harem.
(在后宫谨言慎行是明智的)
It is difficult to refuse the emperor's order.
(拒绝皇上的旨意是困难的)
场景拓展 · 后宫各宫的形容词搭配
碎玉轩 Suiyu Xuan
It is peaceful to live in Suiyu Xuan.
(住在碎玉轩是安稳的)
翊坤宫 Yikun Palace
It is dangerous to offend Concubine Hua.
(得罪华妃是危险的)
寿康宫 Shoukang Palace
It is respectful to visit the queen mother.
(拜见太后是恭敬的)
小练:请用「it + be + adj + to do」结构,造一个关于“储秀宫”的句子。
_____________________________________________________________________
拓展② 名词搭配·养心殿赏赐
核心句式:It + be + 名词 + to do sth.
高频名词 · 后宫珍宝
◆ 「珍品」(常用)
a good habit (好习惯), a wise choice (明智之选)
a pleasure (乐事), a pity (憾事)
◆ 「贡品」(次常用)
a duty (职责), an honor (荣幸)
a mistake (错误), a surprise (惊喜)
场景例句 · 养心殿语
It is a pleasure to receive the emperor's reward.
得到皇上赏赐是一件乐事。
It is a duty to manage the harem well.
打理好后宫是一份职责。
It is a pity to miss the emperor's banquet.
错过皇上的宴席是一件憾事。
实操·后宫的名词搭配
题目:选词填空 (it + be + 名词 + to do)
备选词汇:a wise choice, a pity, a duty
1. It is ______________ to make friends with sincere sisters in the harem.
2. It is ______________ to forget the queen's birthday.
3. It is ______________ to protect the emperor's safety.
皇后娘娘寄语
“后宫女子,既要懂规矩,也要懂语法。选词搭配,恰如择友,需用心!”
Observation
1. It will take us two days to paint the house.
2. It takes a lot of money to travel abroad.
3. It takes courage to speak in public.
4. It takes 20 minutes to get to the airport by taxi.
以上四个句子是动词不定式作真正主语,由 it 作形式主语引导的句子,它们的谓语是 _____________。
它们的共同句式是____________________________________
_____________,表示某人花多少时间或金钱做某事。
take
It takes sb some time / money
to do sth
基础版·养心殿的形式主语
核心公式
It + 谓语动词 + to do + 其他.
经典例句解析
1. It matters to follow the emperor's order.
(遵从皇上旨意至关重要)
→ It=形式主语,to follow...=真正主语
2. It seems to rain in the harem.
(后宫似要下雨了)
→ It=形式主语,to rain=真正主语
苏培盛批注
“皇上说,形式主语it就像杂役太监,替真正的主子(不定式主语)站班,主子则在后方安坐,既得体面,又不失规矩!”
—— 既平衡了句子结构,又体现了主次尊卑。
拓展动词搭配·养心殿传旨
核心句式:It + 动词 + to do sth.
传旨版 · 高频动词
takes (time)— 花费(时间)
happens— 恰巧发生
matters— 至关重要
seems— 似乎,好像
场景 · 例句解析
It takes half an hour to send the edict.
传圣旨需要半个时辰。
It happens to meet the emperor in the road.
恰巧在宫道遇见皇上。
It matters to speak politely in the harem.
在后宫说话有礼至关重要。
养心殿大练·基础整合
场景演练:用 it 作形式主语补全句子(甄嬛传·养心殿)
1. It is ________ (必要的) to learn the harem rules.
2. It is a ________ (乐事) to drink tea with the emperor.
3. It ________ (花费) an hour to dress up for the banquet.
考查重点:考查形容词/名词/动词搭配,养心殿必考知识点!
Observation 5
It isn’t right for us to stop half way.
= To stop half way is not right.
2. It’s kind of you to think so much of us.
= You are kind to think so much of us.
动词不定式的逻辑主语常用_____________来表示,当形容词修饰动词不定式时,此时常用介词_____。当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,则用介词____。
for / of + sb
for
of
形式拓展·带逻辑主语·寿康宫教诲
核心规则:权责分明
当需明确动作执行者时,使用for sb. to do结构。如同太后指明谁该守规矩,逻辑主语即为动作的“主子”。
句式公式
1. For sb. + to do + 谓语 + ...
2. It + be + adj. + for sb. + to do + ...
太后批注
逻辑主语就是动作的「主子」,不可混淆,如同后宫的位分,不可错乱!
寿康宫实录 (Examples)
Case 1: 甄嬛习礼
For Zhen Huan to learn the harem rules is necessary.
(甄嬛学习后宫规矩是必要的)
Case 2: 尊卑有序
It is necessary for the new concubines to respect the queen.
(新妃尊重皇后是必要的)
场景拓展 · 后宫位分的逻辑主语
答应 / 常在 (低位)
For the lower concubines to stand by is required.
(低位嫔妃侍立是必须的)
妃 / 贵妃 (高位)
For the high concubines to manage the harem is a duty.
(高位嫔妃打理后宫是职责)
宫女 / 太监 (下人)
For the servants to serve carefully is a rule.
(下人细心侍奉是规矩)
核心口诀:for 后接动作发出者,即「谁做,就加谁」,如同后宫「谁的活,谁来干」!
4. It is + adj. + for sb. + to do
常见的此类形容词包括:easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible,
necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。
It is hard for me to forget you. (忘你太难)
5. It is + 形容词 + of sb. + to do(形容人品质、特征或品德)
常见的此类形容词有: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly,
foolish, clever等。
It is kind of you to help me.
你肯帮我,真是心善。
寿康宫小练 · 逻辑主语实操
实操演练:用 for sb. to do 补全句子
1.__________ (对于槿汐) to accompany Zhen Huan is her duty.
2.It is important __________ (对于新宫女) to learn to serve.
太后懿旨 · 解题心法
“小主们看清楚,动作的主子是谁,就把谁放在 for 后,切不可张冠李戴,失了体统!”
—— 寿康宫 宣
养心殿对比 · 两种形式怎么选?
形式
适用场景
例句(甄嬛传版)
直接作主语
不定式短语短
To bow is a basic etiquette. (行礼是基本礼仪)
it作形式主语
不定式短语长
It is a basic etiquette to bow to every superior. (向每位上位者行礼是基本礼仪)
—— 皇上御批 ——
短折直接呈,长折分主次,
语法亦如此,审时度势,
方为上策!
Observation
To be waiting for someone in the rain is miserable.
To have studied abroad gives one a broader perspective.
3. To be accepted into this university is her dream.
动词不定式作主语可以有不同的_____________形式,例如,____________,_______和_______语态。
时态和语态
一般进行时
完成时
被动
特殊用法① 否定形式·翊坤宫提点
黄金规则:直接在 to 前加 not
无需改变其他结构。如同华妃禁止宫女犯错,直接在动作前加「不准」,简单直接!
核心公式
Not to do + 谓语 + 其他
It + be + adj. +not to do+ 其他
华妃批注
“本宫最见不得磨磨唧唧的!否定就加在to前,敢加在do后,拖出去杖责二十!”
肯定形式 (Allowed)
To be lazy is not allowed.
It is not allowed to be lazy.
否定形式 (Required)
Not to be lazy is required.
It is required not to be lazy.
场景解读
“不准偷懒是必须的” —— 华妃娘娘的规矩就是:否定词必须紧跟在 to 之前。
场景拓展 · 后宫宫规的否定形式
宫规戒律 (Imperial Rules)
Not to gossip in the harem is a basic rule.
后宫不可嚼舌根是基本规矩。
It is forbidden not to obey the imperial edict.
不可违抗圣旨是禁令。
苏培盛批注 (Imperial Comment)
“宫规的否定,就是在动作前加不准;语法的否定,就是在to前加not。一个道理,小主们记牢!”
特殊用法② 并列不定式·翊坤宫歌舞
核心规则解析
两个及以上不定式并列作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。第二个及以后的不定式符号 "to" 可省略,如同歌舞衔接般自然流畅。
万能公式
To do 1 (and) (to) do 2 + 单数谓语 + 其他
华妃批注
“并列动作再多人,主位只有一个,谓语必用单数!to可省,但若想体面,留着也无妨!”
场景例句赏析
To sing and (to) dance is the highlight of the banquet.
(唱歌跳舞是宴席的亮点)
It is happy to chat and (to) laugh with sisters.
(与姐妹谈笑风生是快乐的)
易错点辨析·军机处断案① for sb. vs of sb.
断案对比表
搭配 修饰对象 形容词特点 例句(甄嬛传版)
for sb. 不定式动作 描述动作属性
(easy, important) It is important for her to learn rules.
(对她来说,学规矩很重要)
of sb. 人本身 描述人的品质
(wise, foolish) It is wise of her to learn rules.
(她很明智,懂得学规矩)
皇上断案批注
「for修饰事,of修饰人,如同断案要分清是非,不可混淆,否则便是冤假错案!」
断案小技巧:将 sb. 与 adj. 连起来造句,通顺则用 of (She is wise )),不通则用 for (She is important )。
后宫断案 · for vs of 实操
案情陈述:请为下列案情填入合适的介词
01.It is kind ______ Zhen Huan to help the lower concubines.
02.It is difficult ______ the new maids to remember all the rules.
03.It is foolish ______ her to offend Concubine Hua.
皇后懿旨 · 断案心法
断案看人心,填介词看修饰。
关键在于判断形容词修饰的对象:
修饰人 (品性/特征) → of
修饰事 (难易/特性) → for
场景拓展·碎玉轩的并列不定式
情景句:日常修行
To read books and (to) practice calligraphy calms the heart.
(读书练字可静心)
It is meaningful to help others and (to) be kind.
(助人向善是有意义的)
槿汐批注
小主日常的读书练字,是并列的动作,作主语时谓语用单数,to可省,既符合语法,又贴合日常!
四、不定式作主语 vs 动名词作主语
特征:具体、将来、一次性的动作
To win today is my only goal.
赢下今日,是我唯一目的。
特征:泛指、抽象、习惯、一般性的动作
Fighting in the palace is normal.
宫里争斗,是常态。
五、与动名词的区别
不定式 (To do) —— 具体与目的
动名词 (Doing) —— 常态与习惯
军机处断案 ② to do vs doing作主语
形式
动作特点
例句(甄嬛传版)
to do
具体、一次性
将来的动作
To go to the imperial garden today is a pleasure.
(今日去御花园是一件乐事)
doing
抽象、习惯性
泛指的动作
Going to the imperial garden is a pleasure.
(去御花园是一件乐事)
皇上批注 (Emperor's Note)
“to do是具体一次,doing是日常习惯。”
如同上朝,今日上朝是 to do,每日上朝是 doing。分清便不会出错!
核心规则:两者作主语时,谓语动词均用单数,根据语境(具体/习惯)选择即可!
后宫日常 · to do vs doing 对比
To Do (具体动作)
To drink this osmanthus tea today is sweet.
今日喝这杯桂花茶很甜 (强调一次具体的行为)
Doing (习惯/常态)
Drinking osmanthus tea is a pleasure in the harem.
在后宫喝桂花茶是一件乐事 (强调习惯与乐趣)
小练:用 to do / doing 填空
______ (早起) tomorrow is necessary for the morning kowtow.
军机处断案③:it作形式主语 vs that主语从句
形式
真正主语
核心侧重
例句(甄嬛传版)
it + to do
不定式 (动作)
侧重“做什么”
It is important to keep silent.
(谨言慎行很重要)
it + that
从句 (事实)
侧重“某个事实”
It is important that she keeps silent.
(她谨言慎行,这一点很重要)
核心心法:
不定式像“命令”,强调具体的动作;That从句像“奏折”,陈述一个客观事实。
皇上御批
“to do重动作,that重事实”
如同密折,有的说要做什么,有的说发生了什么。分清内容,方为明君!
—— 军机处
六、超简口诀
泛指常态用 doing
具体要做用 to do
句子太长头太重
it 来替身最稳重
后宫任务 · Homework
基础任务 · 巩固
抄写熹贵妃总结的核心规则 3 遍。
默写不定式作主语三大公式。
提升任务 · 活用
结合甄嬛传任意 5 个场景造句。
3 句用 it 作形式主语,2 句直接作主语。
拓展任务 · 预习
预习不定式的其他成分用法。
尝试用不定式作宾语造 1 个场景句。
本宫的语法小课堂 · 到此结束
本宫乏了,退下吧!
感谢各位小主今日的陪伴与聆听。
愿大家在英语学习的宫中步步高升,学业精进。
我们下次再会。

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