资源简介

(共29张PPT)
By the end of this class, students will be able to:
1. sort out the background information of this speech.
2. outline the structure of the speech and analyze the logical flow, language features, and literary devices.
3. extract the core ideas of the speech, reflect on the real-life significance of the speech and summarize the key elements of a great speech.
Learning objectives
Slavery
What do these pictures reveal
How did slave owners regard their slaves
What was a slave’s life like
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1.How did slave owners regard their slaves
They didn’t regard them as humans but as animals, without respecting them.
2.What was a slave’s life like
Daily life for a slave involved back-breaking labour. Slaves had to work all day long without enough rest. They were often physically abused by their owners and had no legal rights.
Watch the video and answer the questions.
Read this passage, completing activity 2 (Page 58) and dividing it into two parts.
Brief introduction to the speech.
The historical background of the speech.
The intention and significance of the speech.
Para. 1
Para. 3
Para. 2
Part Ⅰ Introduction to The Gettysburg
Address
Para. 5
Para. 6
Para. 4
Part Ⅱ The Gettysburg Address
When; where; who; why; what; how.
Nation: bitterly divided, deep in the war
People:hopeless/ frustrated / being in despair/ depressed/confused...
Read this passage, completing activity 2 (Page 58) and dividing it into two parts.
Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people. His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look to the future. He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. It was what the soldiers had died for. Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
In 1776, America was founded. The Founding Fathers put forward Declaration of Independence (独立宣言).
What is the intention of this address
Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people. His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look to the future. He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. It was what the soldiers had died for. Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
Para 3. The intention and the significance of the address
Q2: What did Lincoln want to appeal for in his speech？
To urge the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
How did Lincoln use words to break the boundaries？
The Gettysburg Address
by Abraham Lincoln
268words, 10 sentences, 2 mins
How did Lincoln describe the founding of the US
What challenges did the Civil War bring to the nation
past
To remind his audience that the nation was built on the shared principle of equality; the Civil War thus becomes a test of whether that principle can endure, making the listeners realize that it is now their common task to preserve it.
How did Lincoln describe the founding of the US
Why did Lincoln begin his speech by referring to the past
What challenges did the Civil War bring to the nation
present
The nation and the ideals are at stake.
How might the audience feel when hearing this description of the war
Why would Lincoln want people to feel this way What effect does it have on the speech
They are likely to feel a profound sense of responsibility and urgent resolve.
Lincoln wants people to feel responsible so they’ll keep fighting to save the nation, and this feeling makes his short speech powerful and unforgettable.
Read Para 5 and answer these questions.
Does Lincoln think that was enough for us just to dedicate the land
If not, what should we do
future
We should devote ourselves to the great unfinished work--the survival of the nation and the realization of equality for all, and establish the new ideal of a government of the people, by the people, for the people.
Read Para 6 and answer the following question.
“Of the people” means that government should be made up of or drawn from the people;
“By the people” means that government should be run by ordinary people;
“For the people” means that government should use its power for the people’s benefit.
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate – we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Considering the Civil War and the slavery dispute, why did Lincoln use words like nation, dedicate, we instead of slave, south or north
The author’s purpose in choosing these words is to unite the people and strike a chord with the audience.
Words
Look for repeated words, concepts
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate – we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Literary devices
Look for repeated words, concepts
here
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate – we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
nation
Look for repeated words, concepts
here
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate – we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
nation
our/we
Look for repeated words, concepts
here
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate – we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
nation
our/we
dedicated
Look for repeated words, concepts
here
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate – we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
nation
our/we
dedicated
birth
/life
Look for repeated words, concepts
here
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate – we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
nation
our/we
dedicated
birth
/life
death
/dying
Repetition
is a simple yet useful literary device
to emphasize and reinforce key points
to evoke（唤起） emotions
to create a memorable impact on readers
Literary devices
1. Parallelism（排比）:
“we cannot dedicate-we cannot consecrate-we cannot hallow-this ground”
2. Contrast:
“those who here gave their lives that that nation might live”
“The brave men, living and dead, …far above our poor power to add or detract.”
“The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here”
3. Metaphor:
"new birth of freedom" rebirth of the nation
4. Symbolism:
The "nation" symbolizes the unity and democratic(民主的) ideals of the United States,
while the "ground" symbolizes the sacrifices made by soldiers
Literary devices
1. Is the Gettysburg Address a successful speech
2. Do you think Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is still meaningful today Which ideas struck a chord with you personally
The speech is not only successful but also great
What makes the Gettysburg Address a great speech
Content/structure language ideals influence
words literary devices
still meaningful today
long-lasting
Past
The founding of the nation
Present
The challenge and efforts
Future
The call to action for the future
to unite people and strike a chord with the audience
nation
dedicate
we
here
repetition
Parallelism
Contrast
Metaphor
Symbolism
break boundaries:
realize the equality of the
nation
government should be the one of the people,by the people,for the
people
What makes a great speech
High time for you to break the boundary
Suppose you were the mayor. You were invited to deliver a speech at the funeral, to honor the dead and call on people to break the boundary. Please write your speech within 100 words
Theme: Break the boundary
Concept: The nation and the idea—Lincoln's idea
Organization: Past → Present → Future
Literary Devices: Parallelism, contrast, alliteration, repetition
Assignment
Apply the insights on great speeches discussed today to appreciate and analyze Kennedy’s 1961 Inaugural Address.
Goodbye!

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