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沪教版八年级下册英语
Unit 1 Grammar知识点汇总
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动词不定式基础构成
形式 结构 说明 例句
肯定式 (to) + 动词原形 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，部分情况可省略 to help, to learn
否定式 not/never + (to) + 动词原形 否定词直接加在不定式符号前 not to go, never to forget
动词不定式的句法功能
1. 作宾语（最基础用法）
-及物动词后直接接 to do
常见动词：decide /expect/want /agree/hope /plan/offer /volunteer/continue
例：I want to spend more time with my family.
-形式宾语结构：find/think it + adj. + to do sth.
例：He finds it easy to speak English every day.
-省 to 的特殊情况（接动词原形）
固定句型 例句
Why not do... Why not go to the park
Why don’t you do... Why don’t you go to the park
had better do... You’d better stay here.
would rather do... I’d rather stay at home.
please do... Please sit down.
2. 作宾语补足语
-带 to 的宾补：动词 + sb + to do
---常见动词：tell /ask/allow /want/encourage /teach/need
例：He asks me to carry the box.
-省 to 的宾补（接动词原形）
---使役动词：let /make/have
例：He makes me clean the room. / Let’s go.
---感官动词：feel /hear/listen to /see/watch /look at /notice
例：I saw him play football.
---特殊动词：help（to 可加可不加）
例：He helped me (to) finish the work.
3. 作定语
-修饰名词 / 代词，放在被修饰词后面
---修饰普通名词：the first/last to do
例：He was the first to come to the room.
---修饰不定代词：something/anything to do
例：Have you got something to drink
4. 作状语
-目的状语：表 “为了做某事”，可放句末或句首（句首需逗号隔开）
例：He went to America to learn English.
例：To learn English, he went to America.
-原因 / 情感状语：放在 glad /happy/sorry 等形容词后
例：I’m glad to see you again.
5. 作形式主语
-结构：It’s + adj. + (for/of) sb. + to do sth.
for sb.：形容词描述事情本身（easy/difficult/important）
例：It’s useful for us to learn English.
of sb.：形容词描述人的品质（kind/nice/foolish）
例：It’s kind of you to help me.
6. 疑问词 + 不定式
-结构：who/what/which/when/where/how + to do
功能：相当于名词性从句，可作宾语 / 主语等
例：Can you tell me how to get there
例：I don’t know what to do next.
不定式的否定形式
-结构：not/never + to + 动词原形
例：The teacher asks us not to swim in the river.
例：He told me never to give up.
固定句式
句式 含义 例句
too...to... 太…… 而不能…… He is too young to dress himself.
enough to... 足够…… 去做…… He is old enough to go to school.
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 It’s my turn to clean the classroom.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 It takes me two hours to finish the work.
易混点对比
对比项 带 to 的情况 省 to 的情况
宾语 want/decide/offer to do why not/had better/would rather do
宾补 tell/ask/encourage sb to do let/make/see/hear sb do
特殊 help sb (to) do（to 可选） —
核心易混点结构化总结
语法功能 结构类型 典型动词/句型 例句
作宾语 带 to want, decide, plan, agree, expect I decided to take the job.
不带 to had better, would rather, Why not You'd better go now.
作宾补 带 to ask, tell, want, encourage, teach She asked me to open the window.
不带 to let, make, have, see, hear, watch I saw him leave the room.
特殊句型 形式主语 It is + adj. + to do To learn English is important.
固定搭配 too... to, enough... to He is too tired to walk.
知识图谱
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