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《人教版·英语必修 第二册》UNIT 5 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：过去分词（2）作表语和状语。在上一单元学习了过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的基础上，本单元重点掌握过去分词在句中作表语（说明主语的状态）和作状语（表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等）的用法。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
过去分词作表语 位于连系动词（如 be, seem, look, remain, become, get, feel 等）之后，构成系表结构。 主要用于说明主语所处的状态或特征。 【注意】情感类分词的区别： 1. -ed 形式多表示人内在的感受，意为“感到……的”（如 interested, excited, surprised, tired），主语通常是人。 2. -ing 形式多表示事物外在的特征，意为“令人……的”（如 interesting, exciting, surprising），主语通常是物。 【易错点】与被动语态的区别： 作表语强调状态；被动语态强调动作。 1. The audience were deeply absorbed in the classical music.
（观众们深深地沉浸在古典音乐中。——作表语，表示状态） 2. The door of the music studio remained locked all day.
（音乐工作室的门一整天都锁着。——作表语，表示状态） 3. The glass is broken. (玻璃碎了。——表语/状态)
The glass was broken by Tom. (玻璃被汤姆打碎了。——被动语态/动作)
过去分词作状语 修饰句子的谓语动词，进一步说明动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状况或方式。 相当于一个状语从句。 【核心原则】逻辑主语一致性： 过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，并且主语与该动词之间是被动关系（或表示动作已完成）。 1. Moved by the song, the fans began to cry.
（被这首歌打动，粉丝们开始哭泣。——原因状语，相当于 Because they were moved...） 2. Given more time, we could rehearse the play much better.
（如果多给些时间，我们能把这部剧排练得更好。——条件状语，相当于 If we were given...）
连词 + 过去分词 为了使状语的意义更加明确，常在过去分词前加上连词（when, while, if, unless, though, as if 等）。 【拓展】省略原则： 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含 be 动词时，可省略主语和 be 动词，仅保留“连词 + 过去分词”。 1. When asked about his musical talent, the singer just smiled.
（当被问及他的音乐才华时，那位歌手只是笑了笑。——相当于 When he was asked...） 2. Even if defeated, they will not lose heart.
（即使被打败，他们也不会丧失信心。）
过去分词作独立成分 有些过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语并不与主句主语一致，它们已经固化为习惯用语，作独立成分。 【规则变化】常见固定搭配： Compared with/to...（与……相比） Given...（考虑到/鉴于……） Judging from...（由……判断，注意这是现在分词固定搭配） 1. Compared with hip-hop, classical music is more relaxing.
（与嘻哈音乐相比，古典音乐更令人放松。——独立成分，不需考虑逻辑主语一致性） 2. Given his age, he plays the piano very well.
（考虑到他的年龄，他钢琴弹得非常好。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. ______ deeply in the beautiful music, the students didn't notice the teacher come in.
A. Absorbed B. Absorbing C. To absorb D. Absorb
2. The fans were very ______ to hear that the famous band would release a new album.
A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. to excite
3. ______ with classical music, hip-hop is much more popular among the teenagers.
A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Compare
4. The talented singer walked onto the stage, ______ in a traditional Chinese costume.
A. dressed B. dressing C. dress D. to dress
5. ______ the opportunity to perform in the virtual choir, he felt extremely lucky and proud.
A. Giving B. Given C. Gave D. To give
6. Because of the pandemic, the door of the local music theatre remained ______ all month.
A. locking B. to lock C. lock D. locked
7. When ______ about his future plans, the young musician smiled without saying a word.
A. asked B. asking C. to ask D. ask
8. He looked highly ______ when he heard the ______ news about the cancelled concert.
A. disappointing; disappointed B. disappointed; disappointing C. disappointed; disappointed D. disappointing; disappointing
9. ______ from the back of the concert hall, the stage looked quite small and far away.
A. Seeing B. Seen C. See D. To see
10. The young girl, ______ of her musical talent, was recommended to study in a famous academy.
A. convinced B. convincing C. convince D. to convince
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I will never forget the virtual choir concert I attended last year. 1.__________ (deep) moved by the idea of singing together online, I applied to join immediately. The choir was made up of ordinary people. 2.__________ (locate) in different countries and time zones, we recorded our own singing videos at home.
The whole process was not easy. 3.__________ (face) with unexpected technical difficulties, we had to rely on the guidance provided by the conductor. During the online rehearsals, the conductor sometimes looked 4.__________ (tire), but he never gave up. 5.__________ (compare) with a real-world choir, the virtual one required much more patience and effort. Finally, all the individual videos were edited together into one amazing piece.
When I saw the final video released, I felt totally 6.__________ (amaze). The voices blended perfectly. The beautiful melody left all the audience completely 7.__________ (satisfy). 8.__________ (dress) in various traditional clothes, the singers showed the beauty of cultural diversity to the world. 9.__________ (give) the wonderful chance to express ourselves through music, we felt a strong sense of connection and peace. 10.__________ (ask) if I would participate in such a project again, my answer would definitely be "Yes!".《人教版·英语必修 第二册》UNIT 5 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：过去分词（2）作表语和状语。在上一单元学习了过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的基础上，本单元重点掌握过去分词在句中作表语（说明主语的状态）和作状语（表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等）的用法。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
过去分词作表语 位于连系动词（如 be, seem, look, remain, become, get, feel 等）之后，构成系表结构。 主要用于说明主语所处的状态或特征。 【注意】情感类分词的区别： 1. -ed 形式多表示人内在的感受，意为“感到……的”（如 interested, excited, surprised, tired），主语通常是人。 2. -ing 形式多表示事物外在的特征，意为“令人……的”（如 interesting, exciting, surprising），主语通常是物。 【易错点】与被动语态的区别： 作表语强调状态；被动语态强调动作。 1. The audience were deeply absorbed in the classical music.
（观众们深深地沉浸在古典音乐中。——作表语，表示状态） 2. The door of the music studio remained locked all day.
（音乐工作室的门一整天都锁着。——作表语，表示状态） 3. The glass is broken. (玻璃碎了。——表语/状态)
The glass was broken by Tom. (玻璃被汤姆打碎了。——被动语态/动作)
过去分词作状语 修饰句子的谓语动词，进一步说明动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状况或方式。 相当于一个状语从句。 【核心原则】逻辑主语一致性： 过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，并且主语与该动词之间是被动关系（或表示动作已完成）。 1. Moved by the song, the fans began to cry.
（被这首歌打动，粉丝们开始哭泣。——原因状语，相当于 Because they were moved...） 2. Given more time, we could rehearse the play much better.
（如果多给些时间，我们能把这部剧排练得更好。——条件状语，相当于 If we were given...）
连词 + 过去分词 为了使状语的意义更加明确，常在过去分词前加上连词（when, while, if, unless, though, as if 等）。 【拓展】省略原则： 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含 be 动词时，可省略主语和 be 动词，仅保留“连词 + 过去分词”。 1. When asked about his musical talent, the singer just smiled.
（当被问及他的音乐才华时，那位歌手只是笑了笑。——相当于 When he was asked...） 2. Even if defeated, they will not lose heart.
（即使被打败，他们也不会丧失信心。）
过去分词作独立成分 有些过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语并不与主句主语一致，它们已经固化为习惯用语，作独立成分。 【规则变化】常见固定搭配： Compared with/to...（与……相比） Given...（考虑到/鉴于……） Judging from...（由……判断，注意这是现在分词固定搭配） 1. Compared with hip-hop, classical music is more relaxing.
（与嘻哈音乐相比，古典音乐更令人放松。——独立成分，不需考虑逻辑主语一致性） 2. Given his age, he plays the piano very well.
（考虑到他的年龄，他钢琴弹得非常好。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. ______ deeply in the beautiful music, the students didn't notice the teacher come in.
A. Absorbed B. Absorbing C. To absorb D. Absorb
2. The fans were very ______ to hear that the famous band would release a new album.
A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. to excite
3. ______ with classical music, hip-hop is much more popular among the teenagers.
A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Compare
4. The talented singer walked onto the stage, ______ in a traditional Chinese costume.
A. dressed B. dressing C. dress D. to dress
5. ______ the opportunity to perform in the virtual choir, he felt extremely lucky and proud.
A. Giving B. Given C. Gave D. To give
6. Because of the pandemic, the door of the local music theatre remained ______ all month.
A. locking B. to lock C. lock D. locked
7. When ______ about his future plans, the young musician smiled without saying a word.
A. asked B. asking C. to ask D. ask
8. He looked highly ______ when he heard the ______ news about the cancelled concert.
A. disappointing; disappointed B. disappointed; disappointing C. disappointed; disappointed D. disappointing; disappointing
9. ______ from the back of the concert hall, the stage looked quite small and far away.
A. Seeing B. Seen C. See D. To see
10. The young girl, ______ of her musical talent, was recommended to study in a famous academy.
A. convinced B. convincing C. convince D. to convince
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I will never forget the virtual choir concert I attended last year. 1.__________ (deep) moved by the idea of singing together online, I applied to join immediately. The choir was made up of ordinary people. 2.__________ (locate) in different countries and time zones, we recorded our own singing videos at home.
The whole process was not easy. 3.__________ (face) with unexpected technical difficulties, we had to rely on the guidance provided by the conductor. During the online rehearsals, the conductor sometimes looked 4.__________ (tire), but he never gave up. 5.__________ (compare) with a real-world choir, the virtual one required much more patience and effort. Finally, all the individual videos were edited together into one amazing piece.
When I saw the final video released, I felt totally 6.__________ (amaze). The voices blended perfectly. The beautiful melody left all the audience completely 7.__________ (satisfy). 8.__________ (dress) in various traditional clothes, the singers showed the beauty of cultural diversity to the world. 9.__________ (give) the wonderful chance to express ourselves through music, we felt a strong sense of connection and peace. 10.__________ (ask) if I would participate in such a project again, my answer would definitely be "Yes!".
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. A 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。be absorbed in 是固定搭配（沉浸于……中），此处省略be动词，作原因/伴随状语。主语 students 与 absorb 之间是被动关系，故选A。
2. B 【解析】考查过去分词作表语。修饰人（The fans）的情感，表示“感到兴奋的”，应用-ed形式的形容词 excited。
3. C 【解析】考查过去分词作状语（独立成分）。Compared with... 意为“与……相比”，在句中通常作条件或比较状语，是固定的分词搭配，故选C。
4. A 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。be dressed in 是固定状态表达（穿着……），作伴随状语时用 dressed，表示主语的状态。故选A。
5. B 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语 he 与 give 之间是被动关系（被给予机会），故用过去分词 Given 作原因状语。
6. D 【解析】考查过去分词作表语。remain 是连系动词，其后接表语。门处于“被锁”的状态，故用过去分词 locked。
7. A 【解析】考查“连词+过去分词”作状语。主语 the young musician 与 ask 之间是被动关系（当被问及），相当于 When he was asked，故选A。
8. B 【解析】考查情感类分词。第一空修饰人(He)，用 disappointed（感到失望的）作表语；第二空修饰物(news)，用 disappointing（令人失望的）作定语。故选B。
9. B 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语 the stage 与 see 之间是被动关系（被从音乐厅后方看），应用过去分词 Seen 作条件状语。
10. A 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。be convinced of 意为“确信/深信”，在此处作伴随或原因状语，说明主语的状态，故选A。
二、语法填空
1. Deeply 【解析】考查副词。修饰过去分词 moved 需用副词 deeply。
2. Located 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。be located in 意为“位于”，主语 we 与 locate 之间是被动关系，作状语，首字母需大写。
3. Faced 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。be faced with 意为“面临着”，用过去分词作原因/伴随状语，首字母大写。
4. tired 【解析】考查过去分词作表语。连系动词 looked 后接形容词作表语，修饰人（conductor）用 tired（感到疲惫的）。
5. Compared 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。Compared with... 是固定搭配，意为“与……相比”，作状语，首字母大写。
6. amazed 【解析】考查过去分词作表语。连系动词 felt 后接表语，主语是 I，表示“感到惊讶的”填 amazed。
7. satisfied 【解析】考查过去分词转换的形容词。leave sb. + 宾补，此处 audience 与 satisfy 是被动/状态关系，表示“使观众感到满意”，填 satisfied。
8. Dressed 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。be dressed in 表示“穿着”，主语 the singers 处于这种状态，作伴随状语，填 Dressed。
9. Given 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语 we 与 give 之间是被动关系（被给予机会），作原因状语，填 Given。
10. Asked 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语 my answer 虽不指人，但此处属于独立成分或隐含的主语 I 与 ask 的被动关系（If I were asked），填 Asked。《人教版·英语必修 第二册》UNIT 4 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：过去分词（1）作定语和宾语补足语。在英语中，过去分词（Past Participle）属于非谓语动词的一种，具有被动和完成的意义，主要在句中充当定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，不能单独作谓语。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
过去分词作定语 相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词。 1. 前置定语：单个过去分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前。 2. 后置定语：过去分词短语必须放在被修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 【注意】主被动判断： 在使用分词作定语时，必须判断被修饰名词与分词动作之间的逻辑关系。现在分词表主动/进行，过去分词表被动/完成。 【易错点】情绪类词汇： 如 excited, tired, surprised 等过去分词常作前置定语修饰人或人的表情、声音等，意为“感到……的”。 1. Before the show, hundreds of excited visitors waited in their seats eagerly.
（演出前，数百名激动的游客在座位上焦急地等待着。——单个词前置，表状态） 2. The oldest castle built by the Norman rulers is in Windsor nearby.
（诺曼统治者建造的最古老的城堡就在温莎附近。——短语后置，表被动与完成）
过去分词作宾语补足语 在句子中补充说明宾语的状态或动作的结果。 宾语与过去分词之间在逻辑上是被动关系（即宾语是该动作的承受者）。 常用于表示感觉、心理状态、使役意义的动词之后。 【规则变化】常见搭配动词： 1. have / get / make + 宾语 + 过去分词 2. see / hear / find / feel + 宾语 + 过去分词 3. keep / leave + 宾语 + 过去分词 【拓展】have sth. done 的三层含义：
① 请/让别人做某事；
② 遭遇某种不幸（如东西被偷）；
③ 完成某事（自己或别人做均可）。 1. They had castles built all around England.
（他们在英格兰各地建起了城堡。——让别人建城堡） 2. You must make yourself heard in the large hall.
（你必须让自己的声音在大厅里被听到。——make+宾语+过去分词） 3. She found herself surrounded by the beauty of the landscape.
（她发现自己被周围美丽的风景包围了。——宾语herself是被包围的对象）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. The oldest castle ______ by the Norman rulers in the 11th century has become a famous tourist attraction.
A. built B. building C. to build D. was built
2. If you want to make the traditional British food tastier, you could have more spices ______ to the dishes.
A. add B. to add C. added D. adding
3. Getting back from her trip to London, Judy was happy to see her lovely puppies well ______ for by her friend.
A. caring B. cared C. care D. to care
4. The director got the actors ______ properly so that everyone could fit into the beautiful picture.
A. position B. positioning C. to position D. positioned
5. Before the culture show started, hundreds of ______ visitors waited in their seats eagerly.
A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly
6. They use the same flag, ______ as the Union Jack, which is a symbol of the UK.
A. to know B. knowing C. known D. knew
7. Remember to get your phone battery ______ before setting off for your hiking trip in Scotland.
A. charge B. charged C. charging D. to charge
8. These are the special cattle ______ on a healthy diet which can produce high-quality milk.
A. raised B. raising C. raise D. to raise
9. When we returned to the ancient town after the earthquake, we found the old houses ______ entirely.
A. destroy B. destroying C. to destroy D. destroyed
10. Walking into the museum, she found herself ______ by the beauty of the historical art pieces.
A. surround B. surrounded C. surrounding D. to surround
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
London is a historic city with a rich culture. When you visit it, you will find many ancient buildings 1.__________ (protect) very well by the government. Last summer, I had a 2.__________ (wonder) trip to London with my parents. Before the trip, I got my camera 3.__________ (prepare) because I wanted to take as many photos as possible.
Walking on the street, I saw a lot of 4.__________ (excite) tourists from all over the world. I visited the British Museum, 5.__________ is famous worldwide. The cultural relics 6.__________ (keep) there are of great value. To make myself 7.__________ (understand) by the local people, I practised my spoken English every day. I also noticed that traditional customs were 8.__________ (preserve) perfectly in people's daily lives. One day, we went to a popular restaurant 9.__________ (locate) near the River Thames. We enjoyed the local food and felt very 10.__________ (satisfy) with the trip.《人教版·英语必修 第二册》UNIT 4 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：过去分词（1）作定语和宾语补足语。在英语中，过去分词（Past Participle）属于非谓语动词的一种，具有被动和完成的意义，主要在句中充当定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，不能单独作谓语。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
过去分词作定语 相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词。 1. 前置定语：单个过去分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前。 2. 后置定语：过去分词短语必须放在被修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 【注意】主被动判断： 在使用分词作定语时，必须判断被修饰名词与分词动作之间的逻辑关系。现在分词表主动/进行，过去分词表被动/完成。 【易错点】情绪类词汇： 如 excited, tired, surprised 等过去分词常作前置定语修饰人或人的表情、声音等，意为“感到……的”。 1. Before the show, hundreds of excited visitors waited in their seats eagerly.
（演出前，数百名激动的游客在座位上焦急地等待着。——单个词前置，表状态） 2. The oldest castle built by the Norman rulers is in Windsor nearby.
（诺曼统治者建造的最古老的城堡就在温莎附近。——短语后置，表被动与完成）
过去分词作宾语补足语 在句子中补充说明宾语的状态或动作的结果。 宾语与过去分词之间在逻辑上是被动关系（即宾语是该动作的承受者）。 常用于表示感觉、心理状态、使役意义的动词之后。 【规则变化】常见搭配动词： 1. have / get / make + 宾语 + 过去分词 2. see / hear / find / feel + 宾语 + 过去分词 3. keep / leave + 宾语 + 过去分词 【拓展】have sth. done 的三层含义：
① 请/让别人做某事；
② 遭遇某种不幸（如东西被偷）；
③ 完成某事（自己或别人做均可）。 1. They had castles built all around England.
（他们在英格兰各地建起了城堡。——让别人建城堡） 2. You must make yourself heard in the large hall.
（你必须让自己的声音在大厅里被听到。——make+宾语+过去分词） 3. She found herself surrounded by the beauty of the landscape.
（她发现自己被周围美丽的风景包围了。——宾语herself是被包围的对象）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. The oldest castle ______ by the Norman rulers in the 11th century has become a famous tourist attraction.
A. built B. building C. to build D. was built
2. If you want to make the traditional British food tastier, you could have more spices ______ to the dishes.
A. add B. to add C. added D. adding
3. Getting back from her trip to London, Judy was happy to see her lovely puppies well ______ for by her friend.
A. caring B. cared C. care D. to care
4. The director got the actors ______ properly so that everyone could fit into the beautiful picture.
A. position B. positioning C. to position D. positioned
5. Before the culture show started, hundreds of ______ visitors waited in their seats eagerly.
A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly
6. They use the same flag, ______ as the Union Jack, which is a symbol of the UK.
A. to know B. knowing C. known D. knew
7. Remember to get your phone battery ______ before setting off for your hiking trip in Scotland.
A. charge B. charged C. charging D. to charge
8. These are the special cattle ______ on a healthy diet which can produce high-quality milk.
A. raised B. raising C. raise D. to raise
9. When we returned to the ancient town after the earthquake, we found the old houses ______ entirely.
A. destroy B. destroying C. to destroy D. destroyed
10. Walking into the museum, she found herself ______ by the beauty of the historical art pieces.
A. surround B. surrounded C. surrounding D. to surround
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
London is a historic city with a rich culture. When you visit it, you will find many ancient buildings 1.__________ (protect) very well by the government. Last summer, I had a 2.__________ (wonder) trip to London with my parents. Before the trip, I got my camera 3.__________ (prepare) because I wanted to take as many photos as possible.
Walking on the street, I saw a lot of 4.__________ (excite) tourists from all over the world. I visited the British Museum, 5.__________ is famous worldwide. The cultural relics 6.__________ (keep) there are of great value. To make myself 7.__________ (understand) by the local people, I practised my spoken English every day. I also noticed that traditional customs were 8.__________ (preserve) perfectly in people's daily lives. One day, we went to a popular restaurant 9.__________ (locate) near the River Thames. We enjoyed the local food and felt very 10.__________ (satisfy) with the trip.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. A 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。名词castle与build之间是逻辑上的被动关系，且表示已经完成的动作，应用过去分词built作后置定语。
2. C 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句型have sth. done（让某事被做），spices（香料）与add之间是被动关系，应用过去分词added作宾补。
3. B 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句型see sth./sb. done（看到某物/某人被……），puppies与care for之间是被动关系，应用过去分词cared。
4. D 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句型get sth./sb. done（让某人/某物被……），actors（演员）与position（安置/安排位置）是被动关系，指“被安排好位置”，用positioned。
5. A 【解析】考查过去分词作前置定语。修饰人(visitors)，表示“感到兴奋的”，应用-ed形式的形容词excited。
6. C 【解析】考查过去分词短语作后置定语。flag与know之间是被动关系，known as意为“被称为……的”，作后置定语。
7. B 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。get sth. done结构，battery与charge（充电）之间是被动关系，应用charged。
8. A 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。cattle（牛）与raise（饲养）之间是被动关系，应用过去分词raised作后置定语，相当于which are raised。
9. D 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。find + 宾语 + 宾补，houses与destroy（破坏）之间是被动关系，故用destroyed。
10. B 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。find oneself done，herself与surround（包围）之间是被动关系，表示“发现自己被包围”，应用surrounded。
二、语法填空
1. protected 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。find + 宾语 + 宾补，buildings与protect之间是被动关系，填protected。
2. wonderful 【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词trip，应用形容词wonderful（美妙的），作定语。
3. prepared 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。get sth. done结构，camera与prepare之间是被动关系，填prepared。
4. excited 【解析】考查过去分词转换的形容词作定语。修饰人(tourists)，表示“感到兴奋的”，填excited。
5. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是the British Museum，指物，在从句中作主语，用which引导。
6. kept 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。cultural relics与keep之间是被动关系，填kept，表示“被保存在那里的文物”。
7. understood 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。make oneself understood是固定搭配，意为“让别人听懂自己的意思”，myself与understand之间是被动关系。
8. preserved 【解析】考查动词的被动语态。主语traditional customs与preserve（保留，保存）之间是被动关系，构成were preserved的被动语态结构。
9. located 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。restaurant与locate之间是被动关系，located near...意为“位于……附近的”，作后置定语。
10. satisfied 【解析】考查过去分词转换的形容词作表语。feel satisfied with是固定搭配，意为“对……感到满意”，主语是we，用satisfied。《人教版·英语必修 第二册》UNIT 3 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：现在完成时的被动语态。该语法结构主要用于表示一个发生在过去、但对现在有影响或结果的被动动作，或者表示一个从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在（并且可能继续延续）的被动动作。
语法知识讲解
句型结构 基本构成 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
肯定句 主语 + have / has + been + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) 【注意】单复数原则：谓语动词 have 或 has 由主语决定。第三人称单数作主语时用 has been done，其余人称用 have been done。 【易错点】不可遗漏 been：在构成中，助动词 have/has 与过去分词之间必须有 been，否则就变成了现在完成时的主动语态。 1. Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
（简的生活因互联网而得到了极大的改善。） 2. Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
（关于万维网的奇妙之处，已有许多相关文章发表。）
否定句 主语 + have / has + not + been + 过去分词 【规则变化】否定词 not 必须放在助动词 have 或 has 的后面，been 的前面。可缩写为 haven't / hasn't。 1. The software has not been downloaded yet.
（这款软件还没有被下载。）
一般疑问句
及其回答 Have / Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 【注意】将助动词 have/has 提前至主语之前即可。 【答语】Yes, 主语 + have/has.
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. 1. Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed
（无线网密码已经被确认了吗？）
—Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't.
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 【特殊情况】当疑问词作主语时，直接使用陈述句语序：疑问词 + has/have been + 过去分词 1. What has been done to protect our online safety
（已经采取了什么措施来保护我们的网络安全？——疑问词作主语）
常见时间状语 现在完成时的被动语态常与以下时间状语连用： 1. 表示“迄今为止”：so far, up to now, till now, recently, lately。 2. 表示“在过去的……时间里”：in / over / during the past / last + 段时间。 3. 介词短语：since + 过去的时间点 / 句子；for + 段时间。 4. 副词：already（常用于肯定句）, yet（常用于否定句和疑问句）。 1. A kind of new PC has been built with more functions recently.
（最近，一种具有更多功能的新型个人电脑已经被制造出来了。） 2. So far, a lot of information has been collected from the database.
（到目前为止，已经从数据库中收集了大量信息。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. So far, much ______ about the wonders of the World Wide Web to help people understand it better.
A. has written B. has been written C. was written D. is writing
2. The old computer ______ by my father, so it works perfectly now.
A. has repaired B. was repairing C. has been repaired D. is being repaired
3. Millions of smartphones ______ to different countries since last year.
A. have been sold B. have sold C. were sold D. are sold
4. Up to now, no exact comment ______ on the online database.
A. has made B. has been made C. had been made D. is making
5. — Can I use the Wi-Fi in this cafe
— Yes, the new password ______ on the wall.
A. has been posted B. is posting C. has posted D. was posting
6. A lot of personal information ______ on social media recently, which causes serious online safety issues.
A. has shared B. was sharing C. has been shared D. is sharing
7. The software to protect your online privacy ______ yet. Please wait for a few more minutes.
A. hasn't been downloaded B. didn't download C. hasn't downloaded D. isn't downloaded
8. Since the online learning club was started, many offline activities ______.
A. have organized B. had been organized C. have been organized D. are organized
9. Look at the way the living room ______. You'd better sweep it again.
A. has swept B. has been swept C. was swept D. is swept
10. The students' reading habits ______ greatly by the development of the Internet over the past few years.
A. have changed B. are changed C. have been changed D. were changing
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. Since it was created, our daily lives 1.__________ (change) greatly by it. Over the past few years, a large number of useful apps 2.__________ (develop) to help people communicate and study. For example, many online learning platforms 3.__________ (set) up by schools so far. Students are encouraged 4.__________ (choose) the courses they like.
However, the Internet has also brought some problems. Much attention 5.__________ (pay) to online safety recently. Sometimes, teenagers' personal information is stolen just because they click on unknown links 6.__________ (careless). To solve the problem, many campaigns have been organised 7.__________ the government to teach teenagers how to protect 8.__________ (they) online. It is highly important to make sure that everyone can use the Internet 9.__________ (safe). 10.__________ (fortunate), more and more people have realised the importance of online security.《人教版·英语必修 第二册》UNIT 3 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：现在完成时的被动语态。该语法结构主要用于表示一个发生在过去、但对现在有影响或结果的被动动作，或者表示一个从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在（并且可能继续延续）的被动动作。
语法知识讲解
句型结构 基本构成 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
肯定句 主语 + have / has + been + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) 【注意】单复数原则：谓语动词 have 或 has 由主语决定。第三人称单数作主语时用 has been done，其余人称用 have been done。 【易错点】不可遗漏 been：在构成中，助动词 have/has 与过去分词之间必须有 been，否则就变成了现在完成时的主动语态。 1. Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
（简的生活因互联网而得到了极大的改善。） 2. Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
（关于万维网的奇妙之处，已有许多相关文章发表。）
否定句 主语 + have / has + not + been + 过去分词 【规则变化】否定词 not 必须放在助动词 have 或 has 的后面，been 的前面。可缩写为 haven't / hasn't。 1. The software has not been downloaded yet.
（这款软件还没有被下载。）
一般疑问句
及其回答 Have / Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 【注意】将助动词 have/has 提前至主语之前即可。 【答语】Yes, 主语 + have/has.
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. 1. Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed
（无线网密码已经被确认了吗？）
—Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't.
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 【特殊情况】当疑问词作主语时，直接使用陈述句语序：疑问词 + has/have been + 过去分词 1. What has been done to protect our online safety
（已经采取了什么措施来保护我们的网络安全？——疑问词作主语）
常见时间状语 现在完成时的被动语态常与以下时间状语连用： 1. 表示“迄今为止”：so far, up to now, till now, recently, lately。 2. 表示“在过去的……时间里”：in / over / during the past / last + 段时间。 3. 介词短语：since + 过去的时间点 / 句子；for + 段时间。 4. 副词：already（常用于肯定句）, yet（常用于否定句和疑问句）。 1. A kind of new PC has been built with more functions recently.
（最近，一种具有更多功能的新型个人电脑已经被制造出来了。） 2. So far, a lot of information has been collected from the database.
（到目前为止，已经从数据库中收集了大量信息。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. So far, much ______ about the wonders of the World Wide Web to help people understand it better.
A. has written B. has been written C. was written D. is writing
2. The old computer ______ by my father, so it works perfectly now.
A. has repaired B. was repairing C. has been repaired D. is being repaired
3. Millions of smartphones ______ to different countries since last year.
A. have been sold B. have sold C. were sold D. are sold
4. Up to now, no exact comment ______ on the online database.
A. has made B. has been made C. had been made D. is making
5. — Can I use the Wi-Fi in this cafe
— Yes, the new password ______ on the wall.
A. has been posted B. is posting C. has posted D. was posting
6. A lot of personal information ______ on social media recently, which causes serious online safety issues.
A. has shared B. was sharing C. has been shared D. is sharing
7. The software to protect your online privacy ______ yet. Please wait for a few more minutes.
A. hasn't been downloaded B. didn't download C. hasn't downloaded D. isn't downloaded
8. Since the online learning club was started, many offline activities ______.
A. have organized B. had been organized C. have been organized D. are organized
9. Look at the way the living room ______. You'd better sweep it again.
A. has swept B. has been swept C. was swept D. is swept
10. The students' reading habits ______ greatly by the development of the Internet over the past few years.
A. have changed B. are changed C. have been changed D. were changing
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. Since it was created, our daily lives 1.__________ (change) greatly by it. Over the past few years, a large number of useful apps 2.__________ (develop) to help people communicate and study. For example, many online learning platforms 3.__________ (set) up by schools so far. Students are encouraged 4.__________ (choose) the courses they like.
However, the Internet has also brought some problems. Much attention 5.__________ (pay) to online safety recently. Sometimes, teenagers' personal information is stolen just because they click on unknown links 6.__________ (careless). To solve the problem, many campaigns have been organised 7.__________ the government to teach teenagers how to protect 8.__________ (they) online. It is highly important to make sure that everyone can use the Internet 9.__________ (safe). 10.__________ (fortunate), more and more people have realised the importance of online security.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. B 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语 So far (到目前为止) 可知时态用现在完成时。主语 much 与动词 write 之间是被动关系，故用 has been written。
2. C 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：这台旧电脑已经被我爸爸修好了，所以现在运行得非常完美。强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响（电脑修好了，现在能用了），主语 computer 与 repair 是被动关系，故选 C。
3. A 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据 since last year (自从去年以来) 可知需用现在完成时，smartphones 与 sell 之间为被动关系，故用 have been sold。
4. B 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据 Up to now (到目前为止) 可知用现在完成时。主语 comment (评论) 与 make 之间为被动关系，故选 B。
5. A 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据对话语境“现在可以使用Wi-Fi吗？”“可以，新密码已经贴在墙上了”，说明动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，主语 password 与 post 为被动关系，故选 A。
6. C 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据 recently (最近) 可知用现在完成时，information (信息，不可数名词) 与 share 之间为被动关系，故选 C。
7. A 【解析】考查现在完成时否定句的被动语态。根据 yet 和后面的 Please wait 可知，下载软件的动作还没完成。software 与 download 是被动关系，故选 A。
8. C 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。Since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句应用现在完成时。activities (复数) 与 organize 之间是被动关系，故选 C。
9. B 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：看看客厅被打扫的样子。你最好再扫一遍。强调打扫的结果对现在的影响，the living room 与 sweep 之间是被动关系，故选 B。
10. C 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据 over the past few years (在过去的几年里) 可知用现在完成时。reading habits 与 change 是被动关系，故选 C。
二、语法填空
1. have been changed 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据 Since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。our daily lives 为复数，且与 change 为被动关系。
2. have been developed 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据 Over the past few years，用现在完成时。a large number of apps 为复数，且与 develop 为被动关系。
3. have been set 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据 so far，用现在完成时。platforms 与 set 为被动关系，set 的过去分词仍为 set。
4. to choose 【解析】考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth（鼓励某人做某事），其被动结构为 be encouraged to do sth，故填 to choose。
5. has been paid 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据 recently，用现在完成时。Much attention (不可数) 与 pay 为被动关系，故填 has been paid。
6. carelessly 【解析】考查副词。修饰动词 click on，需用副词形式 carelessly，表示“粗心地”。
7. by 【解析】考查介词。在被动语态中，动作的发出者用介词 by 引出，表示“被/由政府组织”。
8. themselves 【解析】考查反身代词。主语和宾语同指 teenagers，表示“保护他们自己”，需用反身代词 themselves。
9. safely 【解析】考查副词。修饰动词短语 use the Internet，需用副词形式 safely，表示“安全地使用”。
10. Fortunately 【解析】考查副词。修饰整个句子作状语，表示“幸运的是”，且位于句首，首字母需大写。《人教版·英语必修 第二册》UNIT 2 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：现在进行时的被动语态。该语法结构主要用于表示说话人说话时或现阶段正在进行的一个被动的动作，常与now, right now, at present, these days等时间状语连用。
语法知识讲解
句型结构 基本构成 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
肯定句 主语 + am / is / are + being + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) 【易错点】千万不能漏掉 being，否则会变成一般现在时的被动语态。 【注意】谓语动词的单复数由主语决定（I用am，单数用is，复数用are）。 1. African elephants are being hunted.
（非洲象正遭到猎杀。） 2. New houses are being built for the poor.
（正在为穷人建造新房屋。）
否定句 主语 + am / is / are + not + being + 过去分词 【规则变化】否定词 not 必须放在 be 动词（am/is/are）之后，being 之前。 1. The patient is not being examined by the doctors.
（医生现在没有在为这位病人做检查。）
一般疑问句
及其回答 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + being + 过去分词 + 【注意】将助动词 am/is/are 提前至主语之前。 【答语】Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
No, 主语 + am/is/are not. 1. Is the wild animal being treated well
（这只野生动物正在受到良好的治疗吗？）
—Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + being + 过去分词 + 【特殊情况】当疑问词作主语时，语序为：疑问词 + is / are + being + 过去分词 + 1. What is being done to help the endangered species
（正在采取什么措施来帮助濒危物种？——疑问词作主语）
用法拓展 1. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作（说话的瞬间不一定正在进行）： 常与 these days, this week, currently 等时间状语连用。 2. 表示一种经常性的或反复出现的被动动作： 常与 always, constantly, continually 等副词连用，常带有强烈的感彩（如赞扬、不满、厌恶等）。 1. Reserves are being built for the Yangtze River Dolphin these days.
（这些天正在为白鱀豚建立保护区。——现阶段动作） 2. The poor dog is always being punished by its owner.
（那只可怜的狗总是受到主人的惩罚。——带感彩）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Look! The injured Tibetan antelope ______ carefully by the volunteers over there.
A. is treated B. is treating C. is being treated D. has treated
2. Don't worry. Measures ______ to save the endangered species at present.
A. are being taken B. are taken C. take D. were taken
3. I can't invite you to my house right now because it ______.
A. is painted B. is being painted C. painted D. has painted
4. — Have you heard the latest news about the nature reserve
— Yes. A new plan ______ to protect the wild animals.
A. will discuss B. is discussed C. is being discussed D. discusses
5. The alarming report about global warming ______ now. It will be published tomorrow.
A. was written B. is writing C. is being written D. has written
6. More and more trees ______ in our city these days to improve the local environment.
A. plant B. are planting C. are being planted D. planted
7. Please keep quiet. A meeting about wildlife protection ______ in the next room.
A. is held B. is being held C. holds D. held
8. What ______ to stop illegal hunting in this area recently
A. is being done B. is doing C. does D. has done
9. The students are happy because a new stadium ______ in their school this month.
A. is building B. is being built C. was built D. builds
10. Many wild animals are losing their homes because their habitats ______ by humans day by day.
A. destroy B. are destroying C. destroyed D. are being destroyed
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Right now, our planet is facing a serious problem. The balance of nature is in danger. Many endangered animals 1.__________ (hunt) illegally for their fur, meat, or bones. For example, the habitats of the South China tiger 2.__________ (destroy) day by day, making it difficult for them to survive in the wild.
Fortunately, people have realized the importance of wildlife protection. Currently, a new nature reserve 3.__________ (build) in our province to provide a safe home for these animals. Besides, an educational programme 4.__________ (carry) out in our school this week to raise students' awareness. In the biology class right now, an amazing documentary about the Milu deer 5.__________ (show) to us. We are told that a lot of money 6.__________ (raise) to help the local animal rescue centre. Look at those photos! Some injured birds 7.__________ (treat) carefully by the professional volunteers there. Also, a strict law to prevent illegal hunting 8.__________ (discuss) by the government this month. It is clear that much 9.__________ (do) by the whole society to make a difference. We hope that more people will join us so that our earth will become a 10.__________ (harmony) place for all living creatures.《人教版·英语必修 第二册》UNIT 2 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：现在进行时的被动语态。该语法结构主要用于表示说话人说话时或现阶段正在进行的一个被动的动作，常与now, right now, at present, these days等时间状语连用。
语法知识讲解
句型结构 基本构成 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
肯定句 主语 + am / is / are + being + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) 【易错点】千万不能漏掉 being，否则会变成一般现在时的被动语态。 【注意】谓语动词的单复数由主语决定（I用am，单数用is，复数用are）。 1. African elephants are being hunted.
（非洲象正遭到猎杀。） 2. New houses are being built for the poor.
（正在为穷人建造新房屋。）
否定句 主语 + am / is / are + not + being + 过去分词 【规则变化】否定词 not 必须放在 be 动词（am/is/are）之后，being 之前。 1. The patient is not being examined by the doctors.
（医生现在没有在为这位病人做检查。）
一般疑问句
及其回答 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + being + 过去分词 + 【注意】将助动词 am/is/are 提前至主语之前。 【答语】Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
No, 主语 + am/is/are not. 1. Is the wild animal being treated well
（这只野生动物正在受到良好的治疗吗？）
—Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + being + 过去分词 + 【特殊情况】当疑问词作主语时，语序为：疑问词 + is / are + being + 过去分词 + 1. What is being done to help the endangered species
（正在采取什么措施来帮助濒危物种？——疑问词作主语）
用法拓展 1. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作（说话的瞬间不一定正在进行）： 常与 these days, this week, currently 等时间状语连用。 2. 表示一种经常性的或反复出现的被动动作： 常与 always, constantly, continually 等副词连用，常带有强烈的感彩（如赞扬、不满、厌恶等）。 1. Reserves are being built for the Yangtze River Dolphin these days.
（这些天正在为白鱀豚建立保护区。——现阶段动作） 2. The poor dog is always being punished by its owner.
（那只可怜的狗总是受到主人的惩罚。——带感彩）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Look! The injured Tibetan antelope ______ carefully by the volunteers over there.
A. is treated B. is treating C. is being treated D. has treated
2. Don't worry. Measures ______ to save the endangered species at present.
A. are being taken B. are taken C. take D. were taken
3. I can't invite you to my house right now because it ______.
A. is painted B. is being painted C. painted D. has painted
4. — Have you heard the latest news about the nature reserve
— Yes. A new plan ______ to protect the wild animals.
A. will discuss B. is discussed C. is being discussed D. discusses
5. The alarming report about global warming ______ now. It will be published tomorrow.
A. was written B. is writing C. is being written D. has written
6. More and more trees ______ in our city these days to improve the local environment.
A. plant B. are planting C. are being planted D. planted
7. Please keep quiet. A meeting about wildlife protection ______ in the next room.
A. is held B. is being held C. holds D. held
8. What ______ to stop illegal hunting in this area recently
A. is being done B. is doing C. does D. has done
9. The students are happy because a new stadium ______ in their school this month.
A. is building B. is being built C. was built D. builds
10. Many wild animals are losing their homes because their habitats ______ by humans day by day.
A. destroy B. are destroying C. destroyed D. are being destroyed
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Right now, our planet is facing a serious problem. The balance of nature is in danger. Many endangered animals 1.__________ (hunt) illegally for their fur, meat, or bones. For example, the habitats of the South China tiger 2.__________ (destroy) day by day, making it difficult for them to survive in the wild.
Fortunately, people have realized the importance of wildlife protection. Currently, a new nature reserve 3.__________ (build) in our province to provide a safe home for these animals. Besides, an educational programme 4.__________ (carry) out in our school this week to raise students' awareness. In the biology class right now, an amazing documentary about the Milu deer 5.__________ (show) to us. We are told that a lot of money 6.__________ (raise) to help the local animal rescue centre. Look at those photos! Some injured birds 7.__________ (treat) carefully by the professional volunteers there. Also, a strict law to prevent illegal hunting 8.__________ (discuss) by the government this month. It is clear that much 9.__________ (do) by the whole society to make a difference. We hope that more people will join us so that our earth will become a 10.__________ (harmony) place for all living creatures.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. C 【解析】根据提示词 Look 和 over there 可知，动作正在发生；主语 The injured Tibetan antelope（受伤的藏羚羊）与动词 treat（治疗）之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态 is being treated。
2. A 【解析】根据时间状语 at present（目前）可知，动作现阶段正在进行；主语 Measures（措施）与动词 take（采取）之间是被动关系，且为复数，故用 are being taken。
3. B 【解析】根据语境“我现在不能邀请你来我家”，说明房子“正在被粉刷”，用现在进行时的被动语态。
4. C 【解析】根据对话语境“你听到关于自然保护区的最新消息了吗？”，说明新的计划“正在被讨论”，用现在进行时的被动语态 is being discussed。
5. C 【解析】根据时间状语 now 可知，报告现在“正在被撰写”，用现在进行时的被动语态。
6. C 【解析】根据 these days（这些天）可知，种树是现阶段正在进行的动作，树与种植是被动关系，故选C。
7. B 【解析】根据 Please keep quiet 可知，隔壁房间的会议“正在被举行”，主语 meeting 是单数，故用 is being held。
8. A 【解析】根据 recently（最近）结合语境，意为“最近正在采取什么措施来阻止非法狩猎？”，What 作主语视为单数，用 is being done。
9. B 【解析】根据 this month（这个月）可知，体育馆“正在被建造”，用现在进行时的被动语态。
10. D 【解析】根据 day by day（一天天地）可知动作正在持续发生，栖息地“正在被破坏”，用 are being destroyed。
二、语法填空
1. are being hunted 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据首句 Right now 可知表示现在正在发生的事情，animals 是复数，与 hunt 是被动关系。
2. are being destroyed 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据 day by day 可知动作现阶段正在持续进行，habitats 是复数，与 destroy 是被动关系。
3. is being built 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据 Currently（目前）可知，自然保护区“正在被建造”。
4. is being carried 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据 this week 可知，教育项目本周“正在被开展”。
5. is being shown 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据 right now 可知，纪录片“正在被放映”。
6. is being raised 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。结合语境，告知大家资金“正在被筹集”，money 不可数，谓语用单数。
7. are being treated 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据 Look at those photos! 和 now 可知，受伤的鸟“正在被治疗”。
8. is being discussed 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据 this month 可知，法律“正在被讨论”。
9. is being done 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。much 作代词为主语，视为单数，表示“很多工作正在被落实”。
10. harmonious 【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词 place 需用形容词形式 harmonious（和谐的）。《人教版·英语必修 第二册》UNIT 1 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：限制性定语从句（3）——“介词 + 关系代词”结构。在第一册学习关系代词和关系副词的基础上，本单元重点掌握当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词提前的语法规则及其应用场景。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与用法 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
“介词 + 关系代词”的基本结构 当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在从句末尾，但在正式英语中，介词通常置于关系代词之前。 构成：
指人：介词 + whom
指物：介词 + which 【注意】关系代词的唯一性：在“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只能使用 whom (指人) 或 which (指物)，绝对不能使用 that 或 who，且关系代词不可省略。 1. This is the great writer to whom our teacher was referring.
（这就是我们老师提到的那位伟大作家。——指人，介词to提前） 2. He asked a question to which there was no answer.
（他问了一个没有答案的问题。——指物，介词to提前）
介词的选择依据 在“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词的选择有三个主要依据： 1. 与从句中的动词/形容词搭配；
2. 与主句中的先行词搭配；
3. 根据句意的逻辑关系决定。 【拓展】作间接宾语的介词： 当关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，介词通常选用 to 或 for。 1. The cultural relics for which the volunteers raised funds are well protected.
（志愿者为之筹集资金的那些文物现在被保护得很好。——依据动词搭配: raise funds for） 2. The lady I wrote the poem for was my sister.
（我为之写诗的那位女士是我姐姐。——无关系代词时，介词放在句末，加上时可变为 for whom I wrote the poem）
不能把介词提前的情况 如果定语从句中的谓语动词是由“动词+介词”构成的固定短语动词（不可分割的整体），则介词不能提前，只能放在动词之后。 【易错点】固定短语动词： 常见的不可拆分短语动词有：look forward to, care for, look for, listen to, pay attention to 等。
此时关系代词可用 that/which/who/whom，且作宾语可省略。 1. He received the email (which/that) he was looking forward to.
（他收到了他一直期盼的那封电子邮件。——错误表达：to which he was looking forward） 2. The baby (whom/who/that) she is looking after is sleeping.
（她正在照看的那个婴儿睡着了。）
“介词+关系代词”与关系副词的转换 在某些情况下，“介词 + which” 可以用来替代关系副词： 1. in/at/on + which = where（表地点）
2. in/at/on/during + which = when（表时间）
3. for + which = why（表原因） 【规则变化】如何区分使用： 即使先行词是时间、地点或原因名词，如果该词在从句中作主语或动词的直接宾语，仍必须使用 which 或 that，而不能用关系副词或“介词+which”。 1. The place in which (= where) the temples were moved was safe from the water.
（神庙被移至的那个地方免受了水的侵袭。） 2. Does anybody know the reason for which (= why) he refused to sign the document
（有谁知道他拒绝签署那份文件的原因吗？）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. The cultural relics ______ they devoted so much time and energy were finally well preserved.
A. to which B. in which C. on which D. for which
2. We will never forget the outstanding archaeologists ______ we owe the discovery of the ancient city.
A. to whom B. for whom C. with whom D. on whom
3. Mount Tai is a famous historic site in China, ______ many ancient poets wrote beautiful poems.
A. to which B. with which C. about which D. at which
4. The international committee ______ the government turned for help played an important role in the rescue project.
A. with which B. to which C. from which D. in which
5. The rescue work ______ they participated actively saved a lot of traditional cultures.
A. at which B. on which C. in which D. for which
6. Do you still remember the exact date ______ the Great Wall was first built
A. on which B. in which C. at which D. for which
7. The professor ______ I am learning Chinese history is very knowledgeable and patient.
A. of whom B. to whom C. from whom D. with whom
8. The Aswan Dam project is an amazing story ______ we can learn how countries can work together.
A. from which B. to which C. at which D. with which
9. The heavy box ______ he is looking for contains lots of important historical documents.
A. for which B. that C. in which D. to which
10. The tools ______ the workers repaired the roof of the Dai Temple were quite advanced.
A. on which B. by which C. with which D. at which
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mount Tai is a famous historic site in China. A group of students from different countries are taking part in an international youth camp here. The purpose of the camp is to promote Mount Tai 1.__________ (creative). They are making an app 2.__________ which visitors can easily learn about its history. The students have taken many photos of the temples and stones, 3.__________ (leave) a deep impression on them.
Liu Bin, a member of the camp, is very proud 4.__________ (introduce) the Dai Temple to his new friends. He told them that the temple 5.__________ (build) thousands of years ago. It is a place in 6.__________ they can find many ancient cultural relics. "I am lucky enough to be a volunteer here," he said. "We must make sure that our cultural heritage 7.__________ (protect) well."
All the students agree that everyone has a 8.__________ (responsible) to protect the cultural heritage. They hope that through their efforts, more young people will be attracted 9.__________ (join) them. Only by working together can we keep these valuable sites safe from 10.__________ (damage).《人教版·英语必修 第二册》UNIT 1 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：限制性定语从句（3）——“介词 + 关系代词”结构。在第一册学习关系代词和关系副词的基础上，本单元重点掌握当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词提前的语法规则及其应用场景。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与用法 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
“介词 + 关系代词”的基本结构 当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在从句末尾，但在正式英语中，介词通常置于关系代词之前。 构成：
指人：介词 + whom
指物：介词 + which 【注意】关系代词的唯一性：在“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只能使用 whom (指人) 或 which (指物)，绝对不能使用 that 或 who，且关系代词不可省略。 1. This is the great writer to whom our teacher was referring.
（这就是我们老师提到的那位伟大作家。——指人，介词to提前） 2. He asked a question to which there was no answer.
（他问了一个没有答案的问题。——指物，介词to提前）
介词的选择依据 在“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词的选择有三个主要依据： 1. 与从句中的动词/形容词搭配；
2. 与主句中的先行词搭配；
3. 根据句意的逻辑关系决定。 【拓展】作间接宾语的介词： 当关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，介词通常选用 to 或 for。 1. The cultural relics for which the volunteers raised funds are well protected.
（志愿者为之筹集资金的那些文物现在被保护得很好。——依据动词搭配: raise funds for） 2. The lady I wrote the poem for was my sister.
（我为之写诗的那位女士是我姐姐。——无关系代词时，介词放在句末，加上时可变为 for whom I wrote the poem）
不能把介词提前的情况 如果定语从句中的谓语动词是由“动词+介词”构成的固定短语动词（不可分割的整体），则介词不能提前，只能放在动词之后。 【易错点】固定短语动词： 常见的不可拆分短语动词有：look forward to, care for, look for, listen to, pay attention to 等。
此时关系代词可用 that/which/who/whom，且作宾语可省略。 1. He received the email (which/that) he was looking forward to.
（他收到了他一直期盼的那封电子邮件。——错误表达：to which he was looking forward） 2. The baby (whom/who/that) she is looking after is sleeping.
（她正在照看的那个婴儿睡着了。）
“介词+关系代词”与关系副词的转换 在某些情况下，“介词 + which” 可以用来替代关系副词： 1. in/at/on + which = where（表地点）
2. in/at/on/during + which = when（表时间）
3. for + which = why（表原因） 【规则变化】如何区分使用： 即使先行词是时间、地点或原因名词，如果该词在从句中作主语或动词的直接宾语，仍必须使用 which 或 that，而不能用关系副词或“介词+which”。 1. The place in which (= where) the temples were moved was safe from the water.
（神庙被移至的那个地方免受了水的侵袭。） 2. Does anybody know the reason for which (= why) he refused to sign the document
（有谁知道他拒绝签署那份文件的原因吗？）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. The cultural relics ______ they devoted so much time and energy were finally well preserved.
A. to which B. in which C. on which D. for which
2. We will never forget the outstanding archaeologists ______ we owe the discovery of the ancient city.
A. to whom B. for whom C. with whom D. on whom
3. Mount Tai is a famous historic site in China, ______ many ancient poets wrote beautiful poems.
A. to which B. with which C. about which D. at which
4. The international committee ______ the government turned for help played an important role in the rescue project.
A. with which B. to which C. from which D. in which
5. The rescue work ______ they participated actively saved a lot of traditional cultures.
A. at which B. on which C. in which D. for which
6. Do you still remember the exact date ______ the Great Wall was first built
A. on which B. in which C. at which D. for which
7. The professor ______ I am learning Chinese history is very knowledgeable and patient.
A. of whom B. to whom C. from whom D. with whom
8. The Aswan Dam project is an amazing story ______ we can learn how countries can work together.
A. from which B. to which C. at which D. with which
9. The heavy box ______ he is looking for contains lots of important historical documents.
A. for which B. that C. in which D. to which
10. The tools ______ the workers repaired the roof of the Dai Temple were quite advanced.
A. on which B. by which C. with which D. at which
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mount Tai is a famous historic site in China. A group of students from different countries are taking part in an international youth camp here. The purpose of the camp is to promote Mount Tai 1.__________ (creative). They are making an app 2.__________ which visitors can easily learn about its history. The students have taken many photos of the temples and stones, 3.__________ (leave) a deep impression on them.
Liu Bin, a member of the camp, is very proud 4.__________ (introduce) the Dai Temple to his new friends. He told them that the temple 5.__________ (build) thousands of years ago. It is a place in 6.__________ they can find many ancient cultural relics. "I am lucky enough to be a volunteer here," he said. "We must make sure that our cultural heritage 7.__________ (protect) well."
All the students agree that everyone has a 8.__________ (responsible) to protect the cultural heritage. They hope that through their efforts, more young people will be attracted 9.__________ (join) them. Only by working together can we keep these valuable sites safe from 10.__________ (damage).
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. A 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”。从句谓语为 devoted，固定搭配 devote sth. to sth.（把……奉献给……），介词 to 提前，修饰物，故用 to which。
2. A 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”。从句谓语有 owe the discovery，固定搭配 owe sth. to sb.（把……归功于某人），先行词是 archaeologists（人），故用 to whom。
3. C 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”。先行词为 historic site，从句句意为“古代诗人们写了许多关于它的诗句”，搭配 write poems about sth.，故选 about which。
4. B 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”。从句谓语动词短语为 turn for help，固定搭配 turn to sb./sth. for help（向某人/某物求助），介词 to 提前，修饰 committee（指物），故用 to which。
5. C 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”。先行词是 rescue work，从句中动词为 participate，固定搭配 participate in（参加，参与），介词 in 提前，故选 in which。
6. A 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”。先行词是 the exact date（具体的一天），表示在具体某一天介词用 on，故用 on which，相当于关系副词 when。
7. C 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”。先行词是 professor（人），从句动词搭配为 learn sth. from sb.（向某人学习），介词 from 提前，故用 from whom。
8. A 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”。先行词是 story（故事），句意为“从中我们可以学到……”，搭配 learn from sth.（从……中学习），故选 from which。
9. B 【解析】考查定语从句。从句中含有动词短语 look for，该短语为固定搭配不可拆分，介词 for 不能提前，因此此处只能填关系代词 that 或 which（也可省略）。
10. C 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”。先行词是 tools（工具），表示“用……工具”介词需用 with，故选 with which。
二、语法填空
1. creatively 【解析】考查副词。修饰动词 promote，意为“创造性地宣传”，需用副词形式 creatively。
2. through/with 【解析】考查介词+关系代词。先行词为 app（应用程序），从句表示“游客们通过/使用这个应用可以轻松了解它的历史”，介词用 through 或 with 均可。
3. leaving 【解析】考查非谓语动词。逗号后的动作与主句主语（The students have taken many photos...这一整个事件）之间为主动结果关系，作结果状语，故用现在分词 leaving。
4. to introduce 【解析】考查非谓语动词。be proud to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“很自豪地去做某事”。
5. was built 【解析】考查时态及语态。the temple 与 build 之间为被动关系，且有明确的过去时间状语 thousands of years ago，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
6. which 【解析】考查介词+关系代词。先行词为 a place，介词 in 已经提前，修饰物，介词后必须用关系代词 which。
7. is protected 【解析】考查时态及语态。主语 cultural heritage 与 protect 之间为被动关系，客观陈述事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
8. responsibility 【解析】考查名词。不定冠词 a 后面需要接名词单数，表示“责任”。
9. to join 【解析】考查非谓语动词。attract sb. to do sth.，被动语态中变为 be attracted to do sth.，意为“被吸引来做某事”。
10. damage 【解析】考查名词（或动名词）。safe from 后面接名词或动名词作宾语，damage 在此处用作不可数名词，表示“免受损害”。

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