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《人教版·英语必修 第三册》UNIT 5 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：情态动词的复习 (Review of modal verbs) 以及 过去将来时 (The past future tense)。情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，具有多种表意功能；过去将来时则用于表达在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
语法知识讲解
语法点 功能与用法 重点提示 / 常见词汇 例句及翻译
情态动词
(Modal Verbs) 1. 发出指示或提出请求 常用词：will, would, can, could, may 等。 could/would 语气比 can/will 更委婉客气。 1. Could you offer me work here
（您能在这里给我提供一份工作吗？） 2. May we ask what you're doing in this country
（我们可以问问您在这个国家做什么吗？）
2. 提出帮助或发出邀请 常用词：will, would, may, shall 等。 1. Will you stay for lunch
（您留下来吃午饭好吗？） 2. Shall I put it in a box
（我把它装在盒子里好吗？）
3. 提出建议 常用词：should, ought to, could, had better 等。 had better 后接动词原形，否定式为 had better not。 1. You'd better serve him quick.
（你最好快点招待他。） 2. You ought to try some.
（你应该尝一些。）
4. 表示愿望 常用结构：would like to, would love to, would rather 等。 1. I would like to know the date.
（我想知道日期。） 2. I'd rather not pay you now.
（我宁愿现在不付钱给你。）
5. 表示义务和需要 常用词：must, have to, ought to, need 等。 must 表主观必须；have to 表客观必须。 1. We have to wear uniforms at school.
（我们在学校必须穿校服。） 2. I ought to be on my way.
（我该上路了。）
过去将来时
(The Past Future Tense) 1. would + 动词原形 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作。 多用于主句谓语为过去时的宾语从句中。 1. They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about.
（他们说里面的信会解释所有的事情。） 2. He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.
（他许诺两点钟之前不会打开信。）
2. was/were going to do 表示在过去某时计划或打算在过去将来要发生的事。 1. They were going to find someone to take part in their bet.
（他们正准备找一个人来参与他们的赌局。）
3. was/were about to do 表示在过去某时即将或正要做某事。 常与 when (就在那时) 连用。 1. Mrs Thomson was about to sit down to watch the opera when her phone rang.
（汤姆森夫人刚要坐下看剧的时候，她的电话响了。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. The two rich gentlemen told Henry that he ______ know everything in an hour and a half.
A. will B. would C. is going to D. can
2. When the clerk saw the million-pound note, he couldn't believe his eyes. "______ you please come this way, sir " he said respectfully.
A. Must B. Should C. Could D. May
3. I ______ go get the letter for you when my brother mentioned it first.
A. was about to B. am about to C. am going to D. would
4. He is a very important customer. You ______ serve him quick and get him out quick.
A. would like to B. 'd better C. could D. 'd rather
5. — Would you like to buy this suit
— To be honest, I ______ not pay you now, because I don't have small change.
A. 'd better B. 'd love to C. 'd rather D. ought to
6. They ______ find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.
A. would B. were going to C. will D. are about to
7. Anybody ______ be someone who is worth getting to know, so we should treat everyone nicely.
A. can B. must C. shall D. should
8. What do you think ______ happen to a poor man if he is given a million-pound bank note
A. might B. ought to C. need D. had better
9. Henry promised the brothers that he ______ open the envelope until 2 o'clock.
A. won't B. shouldn't C. wouldn't D. needn't
10. I am so afraid to lose him as a friend. What ______ I do
A. would B. should C. need D. may
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Adams, an American businessman, found himself penniless in London. Two rich brothers, Roderick and Oliver, made a bet and decided to give a million-pound bank note to a stranger. They thought it 1.__________ (be) interesting to see what would happen to him. When Henry walked past their house, they invited him in. Henry thought they 2.__________ (offer) him a job. Instead, they gave him an envelope.
He was 3.__________ to open it when they stopped him. They told him that he 4.__________ (must) not open it until 2 o'clock. Henry promised he 5.__________ not open it before the required time. When he finally opened it in a restaurant, he found a million-pound note! He 6.__________ (can) not believe his eyes. He ran back to the brothers' house to return it, but the servant said the brothers had left and they 7.__________ return in a month. The servant added that Henry 8.__________ (have) to survive with this note during this period.
Henry had no choice but to accept it. He wondered how he 9.__________ (can) make it through the month. However, because of the note, people treated him with great respect. You 10.__________ (should) never judge a book by its cover!《人教版·英语必修 第三册》UNIT 5 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：情态动词的复习 (Review of modal verbs) 以及 过去将来时 (The past future tense)。情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，具有多种表意功能；过去将来时则用于表达在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
语法知识讲解
语法点 功能与用法 重点提示 / 常见词汇 例句及翻译
情态动词
(Modal Verbs) 1. 发出指示或提出请求 常用词：will, would, can, could, may 等。 could/would 语气比 can/will 更委婉客气。 1. Could you offer me work here
（您能在这里给我提供一份工作吗？） 2. May we ask what you're doing in this country
（我们可以问问您在这个国家做什么吗？）
2. 提出帮助或发出邀请 常用词：will, would, may, shall 等。 1. Will you stay for lunch
（您留下来吃午饭好吗？） 2. Shall I put it in a box
（我把它装在盒子里好吗？）
3. 提出建议 常用词：should, ought to, could, had better 等。 had better 后接动词原形，否定式为 had better not。 1. You'd better serve him quick.
（你最好快点招待他。） 2. You ought to try some.
（你应该尝一些。）
4. 表示愿望 常用结构：would like to, would love to, would rather 等。 1. I would like to know the date.
（我想知道日期。） 2. I'd rather not pay you now.
（我宁愿现在不付钱给你。）
5. 表示义务和需要 常用词：must, have to, ought to, need 等。 must 表主观必须；have to 表客观必须。 1. We have to wear uniforms at school.
（我们在学校必须穿校服。） 2. I ought to be on my way.
（我该上路了。）
过去将来时
(The Past Future Tense) 1. would + 动词原形 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作。 多用于主句谓语为过去时的宾语从句中。 1. They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about.
（他们说里面的信会解释所有的事情。） 2. He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.
（他许诺两点钟之前不会打开信。）
2. was/were going to do 表示在过去某时计划或打算在过去将来要发生的事。 1. They were going to find someone to take part in their bet.
（他们正准备找一个人来参与他们的赌局。）
3. was/were about to do 表示在过去某时即将或正要做某事。 常与 when (就在那时) 连用。 1. Mrs Thomson was about to sit down to watch the opera when her phone rang.
（汤姆森夫人刚要坐下看剧的时候，她的电话响了。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. The two rich gentlemen told Henry that he ______ know everything in an hour and a half.
A. will B. would C. is going to D. can
2. When the clerk saw the million-pound note, he couldn't believe his eyes. "______ you please come this way, sir " he said respectfully.
A. Must B. Should C. Could D. May
3. I ______ go get the letter for you when my brother mentioned it first.
A. was about to B. am about to C. am going to D. would
4. He is a very important customer. You ______ serve him quick and get him out quick.
A. would like to B. 'd better C. could D. 'd rather
5. — Would you like to buy this suit
— To be honest, I ______ not pay you now, because I don't have small change.
A. 'd better B. 'd love to C. 'd rather D. ought to
6. They ______ find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.
A. would B. were going to C. will D. are about to
7. Anybody ______ be someone who is worth getting to know, so we should treat everyone nicely.
A. can B. must C. shall D. should
8. What do you think ______ happen to a poor man if he is given a million-pound bank note
A. might B. ought to C. need D. had better
9. Henry promised the brothers that he ______ open the envelope until 2 o'clock.
A. won't B. shouldn't C. wouldn't D. needn't
10. I am so afraid to lose him as a friend. What ______ I do
A. would B. should C. need D. may
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Adams, an American businessman, found himself penniless in London. Two rich brothers, Roderick and Oliver, made a bet and decided to give a million-pound bank note to a stranger. They thought it 1.__________ (be) interesting to see what would happen to him. When Henry walked past their house, they invited him in. Henry thought they 2.__________ (offer) him a job. Instead, they gave him an envelope.
He was 3.__________ to open it when they stopped him. They told him that he 4.__________ (must) not open it until 2 o'clock. Henry promised he 5.__________ not open it before the required time. When he finally opened it in a restaurant, he found a million-pound note! He 6.__________ (can) not believe his eyes. He ran back to the brothers' house to return it, but the servant said the brothers had left and they 7.__________ return in a month. The servant added that Henry 8.__________ (have) to survive with this note during this period.
Henry had no choice but to accept it. He wondered how he 9.__________ (can) make it through the month. However, because of the note, people treated him with great respect. You 10.__________ (should) never judge a book by its cover!
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. B 【解析】考查过去将来时。主句谓语 told 是过去时，宾语从句表示在过去的将来发生的事，用 would + 动词原形。句意：两位富有的绅士告诉亨利，一个半小时后他就会知道一切。故选B。
2. C 【解析】考查情态动词（提出请求）。店员看到百万英镑钞票后态度大变，非常恭敬地提出请求。Could 比 Can 语气更委婉、客气。句意：“先生，您能往这边走吗？”故选C。
3. A 【解析】考查过去将来时。be about to do sth. when... 是固定句型，表示“正要做某事，就在那时……”。结合语境，发生在过去，用 was about to。句意：当哥哥先提到信时，我正要去给你拿信。故选A。
4. B 【解析】考查情态动词（提出建议）。had better (do sth.) 意为“最好做某事”，用来提出强烈的建议。句意：你最好快点招待他，让他快点离开。故选B。
5. C 【解析】考查情态动词（表示愿望）。would rather (not) do sth. 意为“宁愿（不）做某事”。句意：老实说，我宁愿现在不付钱，因为我没有零钱。故选C。
6. B 【解析】考查过去将来时。was/were going to do 表示过去计划或打算做某事。句意：他们正打算找人参与打赌，这时他们看到亨利走在外面街上。故选B。
7. A 【解析】考查情态动词。can 在此表示客观上的“可能性”，意为“任何人都可能是值得结交的人”。故选A。
8. A 【解析】考查情态动词。might 表示推测，语气较弱，意为“可能”。句意：你认为一个衣衫褴褛的百万富翁可能会发生什么事？故选A。
9. C 【解析】考查过去将来时。主句谓语 promised 是过去时，从句表示过去的承诺，用 would + 动词原形，否定式为 wouldn't。句意：亨利向兄弟俩保证，2点之前他不会拆开信封。故选C。
10. B 【解析】考查情态动词。用于疑问句中征求意见，表示“我该怎么办？”，用 should。句意：我好怕失去他这个朋友。我该怎么办？故选B。
二、语法填空
1. would be 【解析】考查过去将来时。主句谓语 thought 是过去时，从句表示过去的将来，应用 would + 动词原形。
2. were going to offer / would offer 【解析】考查过去将来时。表示亨利当时认为他们“打算”或“将会”给他提供一份工作。
3. about 【解析】考查过去将来时。固定句型 be about to do sth. when... 表示“正准备做某事时突然……”。
4. must 【解析】考查情态动词。表示“绝对禁止，千万不要”，必须用 must not。
5. would 【解析】考查过去将来时。主句谓语 promised 是过去时，从句用 would not open 表示过去的承诺。
6. could 【解析】考查情态动词。表示过去的能力，意为“他无法相信自己的眼睛”，can 的过去式为 could。
7. would 【解析】考查过去将来时。仆人说的话（转述），表示兄弟俩“将会”在一个月后回来，用 would return。
8. had 【解析】考查情态动词。have to 的过去式为 had to，表示客观上的必须，在此处表示“不得不在那段时间靠这钞票生存”。
9. could 【解析】考查情态动词。wondered 是过去时，从句表示过去的能力或可能性，“他不知道自己怎么才能熬过这个月”，用 could。
10. should 【解析】考查情态动词。用于提出建议和忠告，意为“你不应该以貌取人（永远不要根据封面来评判一本书）”。《人教版·英语必修 第三册》UNIT 4 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：动词不定式（1）作定语和状语。动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种基本形式，具有动词的特征（可带宾语或状语），在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用。本单元重点掌握其修饰名词（作定语）以及修饰动词、形容词或全句（作状语）的用法。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
动词不定式
作定语 起形容词作用，修饰名词或代词。 通常放在被修饰词的后面（作后置定语），表示将来的动作，或按计划要发生的动作。 【规则变化】常用场景： 1. 当中心词被序数词（the first等）、最高级（the best等）或the only, the last等修饰时。 2. 修饰抽象名词（如ability, chance, way, promise, time, attempt等）时。 【易错点】介词不可省： 不定式与其修饰的名词常有逻辑上的动宾关系。若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后必须加上相应的介词。 1. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
（尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。——序数词后接不定式） 2. Scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
（科学家们决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。——修饰抽象名词dream） 3. The astronauts need a safe capsule to live in.
（宇航员们需要一个安全的太空舱来居住。——live为不及物动词，in不可省）
动词不定式
作目的状语 修饰动词或全句，表示动作发生的目的。 可放在句首或句末。常译为“为了……”。 【拓展】强调目的的结构： 为了加强语气或使句子结构更清晰，可用 in order to 或 so as to 替代单独的 to。 【注意】位置区别： in order to 可以放在句首或句末；而 so as to 只能放在句末/句中，绝对不能放在句首。 1. To figure out the problem, Lee worked day and night.
（为了查明这个问题，李日夜工作。——置于句首） 2. They attached the equipment carefully in order to / so as to guarantee safety.
（为了保证安全，他们小心翼翼地安装了设备。——强调目的）
动词不定式
作结果状语 表示主语动作带来的结果。 常用于某些固定结构中，放在句子后半部分。 【易错点】与动词-ing作结果状语的区别： 1. 动词不定式（尤其与 only 连用时）常表示出乎意料的、令人失望的结果。 2. 动词-ing形式作结果状语通常表示顺理成章、自然而然的结果。 【规则变化】常见固定句型：
too... to...（太……以至于不能……）
... enough to do...（足够……可以做……） 1. He hurried to the launch center, only to find the space mission was delayed.
（他匆忙赶到发射中心，结果却发现太空任务延期了。——出乎意料的结果） 2. The module is large enough to carry multiple astronauts.
（这个太空舱大得足以搭载多名宇航员。——enough to do结构）
动词不定式
作原因状语 修饰表示情感的形容词，说明产生这种情绪的原因。 【注意】常见搭配形容词： 常接在 happy, glad, sorry, surprised, disappointed, proud, ready 等形容词的后面。 1. We are extremely proud to see China's rapid development in space exploration.
（看到中国在太空探索领域的飞跃发展，我们感到无比自豪。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut ______ into space on October 15, 2003.
A. travelling B. traveled C. to travel D. travels
2. ______ observe the changes of the weather clearly, a new satellite will be launched next month.
A. So as to B. In order to C. As to D. In order that
3. The young scientist worked hard for months, only ______ that someone else had published the discovery first.
A. finding B. found C. to find D. find
4. The space laboratory Tiangong 2 is large enough ______ various scientific experiments.
A. carry out B. to carry out C. carried out D. carrying out
5. Living in a space station for months, the astronauts really need a comfortable cabin ______.
A. to sleep B. sleeping C. slept in D. to sleep in
6. Do you have anything ______ about the mystery of the solar system
A. to say B. saying C. said D. say
7. The team made a determined attempt ______ the technical problem of the rocket engine.
A. figure out B. figured out C. to figure out D. figuring out
8. The engineers were extremely excited ______ the successful connection between Shenzhou 11 and Tiangong 2.
A. witnessing B. to witness C. witnessed D. witness
9. The mathematical problem about the orbit was too difficult for the students ______ without any help.
A. to solve B. solving C. to solve it D. solved
10. The researchers attached sensors to the equipment ______ the temperature changes in space.
A. monitor B. monitoring C. monitored D. to monitor
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since ancient times, human beings have always had a strong desire 1.__________ (explore) the universe. People looked up at the stars, wondering if there was any life on other planets. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world 2.__________ (go) into space. Since then, great progress has been made.
China has also achieved remarkable success in space exploration. We have built our own space station 3.__________ (carry) out various scientific experiments. However, to become an astronaut is not easy. It requires years of mental and physical training 4.__________ (prepare) for the challenging tasks. Astronauts must be strong enough 5.__________ (survive) in the extreme environment of space where there is a lack of gravity. Sometimes, they work for months in space, only 6.__________ (return) to Earth with weakened muscles and bones.
Despite the huge risks, astronauts are always proud 7.__________ (serve) their country. They use their knowledge 8.__________ (uncover) the mysteries of the universe. 9.__________ (understand) the unknown world better, more intelligent satellites will be launched next year. We have every reason 10.__________ (believe) that our future in space will be even brighter.《人教版·英语必修 第三册》UNIT 4 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：动词不定式（1）作定语和状语。动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种基本形式，具有动词的特征（可带宾语或状语），在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用。本单元重点掌握其修饰名词（作定语）以及修饰动词、形容词或全句（作状语）的用法。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
动词不定式
作定语 起形容词作用，修饰名词或代词。 通常放在被修饰词的后面（作后置定语），表示将来的动作，或按计划要发生的动作。 【规则变化】常用场景： 1. 当中心词被序数词（the first等）、最高级（the best等）或the only, the last等修饰时。 2. 修饰抽象名词（如ability, chance, way, promise, time, attempt等）时。 【易错点】介词不可省： 不定式与其修饰的名词常有逻辑上的动宾关系。若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后必须加上相应的介词。 1. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
（尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。——序数词后接不定式） 2. Scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
（科学家们决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。——修饰抽象名词dream） 3. The astronauts need a safe capsule to live in.
（宇航员们需要一个安全的太空舱来居住。——live为不及物动词，in不可省）
动词不定式
作目的状语 修饰动词或全句，表示动作发生的目的。 可放在句首或句末。常译为“为了……”。 【拓展】强调目的的结构： 为了加强语气或使句子结构更清晰，可用 in order to 或 so as to 替代单独的 to。 【注意】位置区别： in order to 可以放在句首或句末；而 so as to 只能放在句末/句中，绝对不能放在句首。 1. To figure out the problem, Lee worked day and night.
（为了查明这个问题，李日夜工作。——置于句首） 2. They attached the equipment carefully in order to / so as to guarantee safety.
（为了保证安全，他们小心翼翼地安装了设备。——强调目的）
动词不定式
作结果状语 表示主语动作带来的结果。 常用于某些固定结构中，放在句子后半部分。 【易错点】与动词-ing作结果状语的区别： 1. 动词不定式（尤其与 only 连用时）常表示出乎意料的、令人失望的结果。 2. 动词-ing形式作结果状语通常表示顺理成章、自然而然的结果。 【规则变化】常见固定句型：
too... to...（太……以至于不能……）
... enough to do...（足够……可以做……） 1. He hurried to the launch center, only to find the space mission was delayed.
（他匆忙赶到发射中心，结果却发现太空任务延期了。——出乎意料的结果） 2. The module is large enough to carry multiple astronauts.
（这个太空舱大得足以搭载多名宇航员。——enough to do结构）
动词不定式
作原因状语 修饰表示情感的形容词，说明产生这种情绪的原因。 【注意】常见搭配形容词： 常接在 happy, glad, sorry, surprised, disappointed, proud, ready 等形容词的后面。 1. We are extremely proud to see China's rapid development in space exploration.
（看到中国在太空探索领域的飞跃发展，我们感到无比自豪。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut ______ into space on October 15, 2003.
A. travelling B. traveled C. to travel D. travels
2. ______ observe the changes of the weather clearly, a new satellite will be launched next month.
A. So as to B. In order to C. As to D. In order that
3. The young scientist worked hard for months, only ______ that someone else had published the discovery first.
A. finding B. found C. to find D. find
4. The space laboratory Tiangong 2 is large enough ______ various scientific experiments.
A. carry out B. to carry out C. carried out D. carrying out
5. Living in a space station for months, the astronauts really need a comfortable cabin ______.
A. to sleep B. sleeping C. slept in D. to sleep in
6. Do you have anything ______ about the mystery of the solar system
A. to say B. saying C. said D. say
7. The team made a determined attempt ______ the technical problem of the rocket engine.
A. figure out B. figured out C. to figure out D. figuring out
8. The engineers were extremely excited ______ the successful connection between Shenzhou 11 and Tiangong 2.
A. witnessing B. to witness C. witnessed D. witness
9. The mathematical problem about the orbit was too difficult for the students ______ without any help.
A. to solve B. solving C. to solve it D. solved
10. The researchers attached sensors to the equipment ______ the temperature changes in space.
A. monitor B. monitoring C. monitored D. to monitor
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since ancient times, human beings have always had a strong desire 1.__________ (explore) the universe. People looked up at the stars, wondering if there was any life on other planets. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world 2.__________ (go) into space. Since then, great progress has been made.
China has also achieved remarkable success in space exploration. We have built our own space station 3.__________ (carry) out various scientific experiments. However, to become an astronaut is not easy. It requires years of mental and physical training 4.__________ (prepare) for the challenging tasks. Astronauts must be strong enough 5.__________ (survive) in the extreme environment of space where there is a lack of gravity. Sometimes, they work for months in space, only 6.__________ (return) to Earth with weakened muscles and bones.
Despite the huge risks, astronauts are always proud 7.__________ (serve) their country. They use their knowledge 8.__________ (uncover) the mysteries of the universe. 9.__________ (understand) the unknown world better, more intelligent satellites will be launched next year. We have every reason 10.__________ (believe) that our future in space will be even brighter.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. C 【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。当中心名词被序数词（the first）修饰时，其后应用动词不定式作后置定语。故选C。
2. B 【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。in order to 可放在句首作目的状语，意为“为了”；so as to 只能放在句中或句末，不能置于句首；in order that 后接句子（从句）。故选B。
3. C 【解析】考查动词不定式作结果状语。only to do 是固定搭配，表示出乎意料的、令人失望的动作结果（结果却发现……）。故选C。
4. B 【解析】考查动词不定式作结果状语。形容词/副词 + enough to do sth. 意为“足够……以至于可以做某事”。故选B。
5. D 【解析】考查动词不定式作定语（介词不可省）。不定式 to sleep 修饰 a comfortable cabin，存在逻辑上的动宾关系（sleep in the cabin），sleep为不及物动词，介词in不能省略。故选D。
6. A 【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。不定代词 anything, something, nothing 等后面常接不定式作后置定语。故选A。
7. C 【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。抽象名词 attempt（尝试/企图）后面通常接动词不定式作定语，表示“做某事的尝试”。故选C。
8. B 【解析】考查动词不定式作原因状语。在表示情绪的形容词（excited）后面接不定式，说明产生这种情绪的原因。故选B。
9. A 【解析】考查动词不定式作结果状语。too... to... 结构意为“太……而不能……”。注意：在此结构中，如果不定式的逻辑宾语就是句子的主语（The problem），不定式后面不需要再加代词宾语 it。故选A。
10. D 【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。研究人员在设备上安装传感器的“目的”是监测太空中的温度变化，用不定式表目的。故选D。
二、语法填空
1. to explore 【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。修饰抽象名词 desire（渴望/欲望），意为“探索宇宙的强烈愿望”，需用动词不定式作后置定语。
2. to go 【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。先行词 person 被序数词 the first 修饰，其后应用不定式作定语。
3. to carry 【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。建造空间站的“目的”是开展各种科学实验，用不定式表目的。
4. to prepare 【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。需要多年身心训练的“目的”是为了应对具有挑战性的任务做准备。
5. to survive 【解析】考查动词不定式作结果状语。strong enough to do sth. 是固定结构，意为“足够强壮可以生存下来”。
6. to return 【解析】考查动词不定式作结果状语。only to do 表示出乎意料的或不理想的客观结果（结果却是带着虚弱的肌肉返回地球）。
7. to serve 【解析】考查动词不定式作原因状语。在表示情绪状态的形容词 proud（自豪的）后接不定式，表示“为国效力而感到自豪”。
8. to uncover 【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。运用知识的“目的”是揭开宇宙的奥秘，用不定式表目的。
9. To understand 【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。置于句首表目的（为了更好地了解未知世界），且句首单词首字母需大写。
10. to believe 【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。have every reason to do sth. 意为“有充分的理由相信……”，修饰抽象名词 reason，用不定式。《人教版·英语必修 第三册》UNIT 3 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：省略（Ellipsis）。在英语中，为了使语言更加简洁、避免重复，或者在口语交际中为了紧凑，常常会省略句子中的一个或几个成分。掌握省略的用法有助于提高语言表达的自然度与流畅性，这也是高考中极其重要的考点（常结合非谓语动词或状语从句进行考查）。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
状语从句中
的省略 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词包含 be 动词时，可以省略从句中的“主语 + be 动词”。 【规则变化】常见连词： 时间：when, while, until 条件：if, unless 让步：though, although, even if 方式：as (如 as expected 正如预期的那样) 【易错点】主动与被动：省略后，连词后常接现在分词（表主动/进行）、过去分词（表被动/完成）、形容词或介词短语。 1. While (we were) travelling in the village, we received a warm welcome.
（在村子里旅行时，我们受到了热烈的欢迎。——省略we were，travel表主动） 2. If (it is) necessary, I'll finish my report on American poetry as soon as possible.
（如果有必要，我会尽快完成关于美国诗歌的报告。——省略it is） 3. Unless (you are) invited, you should remain quiet.
（除非被邀请，否则你应该保持安静。——省略you are，invite表被动）
动词不定式
符号 to 后的省略 为了避免重复前面已经出现过的动词，在不定式结构中，可以只保留符号 to，而将后面的动词原形及其宾语或状语省略。 【注意】常见动词： 常用于 wish to, want to, plan to, hope to, like to, love to, try to, be going to, have to 等之后。 【易错点】be / have 的保留： 如果省略的谓语动词是 be 动词，或者包含完成时态（have done），则 be 或 have 通常不可省略，即保留 to be 或 to have。 1. A: Would you like to come to the party
B: I'd love to (come to the party).
（——你想来参加聚会吗？——我很乐意去。——保留to） 2. He didn't go to Egypt, though he had planned to (go to Egypt).
（他没有去埃及，尽管他原计划要去。） 3. Are you a student No, but I wish I used to be.
（你是学生吗？不是，但我希望我曾经是。——be动词予以保留）
简单句中的省略
（口语交际） 在非正式的口语、标语、日记等语境中，为了紧凑，常省略主语、谓语或宾语等成分。 【拓展】常见场景： 1. 省略主语：(I) Beg your pardon. / (It) Sounds like a good idea. 2. 省略主语+谓语：(Are you) Hungry / (Is there) Anything I can do for you 1. (I) Thank you for your help.
（谢谢你的帮助。——省略主语） 2. (Is) Anybody here
（有人在吗？——省略主谓） 3. (No taking) Photos!
（禁止拍照！——告示牌中的省略）
替代与省略
的结合 使用 so, not, neither, nor 等词来替代前面提到的整个句子或情况，从而实现省略。 【规则变化】 1. 肯定回答：I hope so. / I think so. 2. 否定回答：I hope not. / I guess not. 3. “某人也是”：So + 助动词 + 主语. 1. A: Will he win the game
B: I hope so (that he will win).
（——他会赢吗？——我希望如此。） 2. I really like that book, and so does my son.
（我真的很喜欢那本书，我儿子也一样喜欢。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. —Would you like to join us for the diversity culture festival this weekend
—I'd love ______, but I have an important exam next Monday.
A. to join B. to C. join D. joining
2. ______ necessary, we will provide you with a detailed map of San Francisco's Chinatown.
A. If it B. When C. If D. If is
3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the busy street, but his mother told him ______.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
4. Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some ______ not.
A. is B. are C. do D. does
5. While ______ in the United States, he visited the Golden Gate Bridge.
A. travel B. travelled C. travelling D. to travel
6. —Did he go to the ethnic minority village in Guizhou
—He said he would go, but he ______.
A. wouldn't B. haven't C. didn't D. hasn't
7. ______ invited to speak, you should remain quiet and listen carefully in the library.
A. Unless B. Once C. If D. Since
8. ______ sounds like a good idea to create a travel brochure for our hometown.
A. That B. This C. What D. It
9. Although ______ by the reporter's sharp words, Joe responded to his questions politely.
A. upsetting B. upset C. to upset D. upsetted
10. I am interested in the history of English literature, and ______.
A. so my brother is B. so does my brother C. so is my brother D. so my brother does
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Guizhou is a province with a lot of 1.__________ (culture) diversity. Last month, I went there for a summer trip. While 2.__________ (travel) in a pretty local village, we received a warm welcome. As 3.__________ (expect), we watched the local people play their traditional instruments. They danced 4.__________ (beautiful) to the music.
I wanted to join them, and the friendly locals warmly invited me 5.__________ (填1个词). Though 6.__________ (exhaust) after the long dance, I felt super excited. Next, we went to the market 7.__________ we found many amazing handmade accessories. I bought a silver ring, and my friend bought one, 8.__________ (填1个词). Actually, I intended to buy a traditional costume, but I failed 9.__________ (填1个词) because I didn't bring enough cash. If 10.__________ (give) another chance, I would definitely visit this amazing place again to experience more diverse cultures.《人教版·英语必修 第三册》UNIT 3 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：省略（Ellipsis）。在英语中，为了使语言更加简洁、避免重复，或者在口语交际中为了紧凑，常常会省略句子中的一个或几个成分。掌握省略的用法有助于提高语言表达的自然度与流畅性，这也是高考中极其重要的考点（常结合非谓语动词或状语从句进行考查）。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
状语从句中
的省略 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词包含 be 动词时，可以省略从句中的“主语 + be 动词”。 【规则变化】常见连词： 时间：when, while, until 条件：if, unless 让步：though, although, even if 方式：as (如 as expected 正如预期的那样) 【易错点】主动与被动：省略后，连词后常接现在分词（表主动/进行）、过去分词（表被动/完成）、形容词或介词短语。 1. While (we were) travelling in the village, we received a warm welcome.
（在村子里旅行时，我们受到了热烈的欢迎。——省略we were，travel表主动） 2. If (it is) necessary, I'll finish my report on American poetry as soon as possible.
（如果有必要，我会尽快完成关于美国诗歌的报告。——省略it is） 3. Unless (you are) invited, you should remain quiet.
（除非被邀请，否则你应该保持安静。——省略you are，invite表被动）
动词不定式
符号 to 后的省略 为了避免重复前面已经出现过的动词，在不定式结构中，可以只保留符号 to，而将后面的动词原形及其宾语或状语省略。 【注意】常见动词： 常用于 wish to, want to, plan to, hope to, like to, love to, try to, be going to, have to 等之后。 【易错点】be / have 的保留： 如果省略的谓语动词是 be 动词，或者包含完成时态（have done），则 be 或 have 通常不可省略，即保留 to be 或 to have。 1. A: Would you like to come to the party
B: I'd love to (come to the party).
（——你想来参加聚会吗？——我很乐意去。——保留to） 2. He didn't go to Egypt, though he had planned to (go to Egypt).
（他没有去埃及，尽管他原计划要去。） 3. Are you a student No, but I wish I used to be.
（你是学生吗？不是，但我希望我曾经是。——be动词予以保留）
简单句中的省略
（口语交际） 在非正式的口语、标语、日记等语境中，为了紧凑，常省略主语、谓语或宾语等成分。 【拓展】常见场景： 1. 省略主语：(I) Beg your pardon. / (It) Sounds like a good idea. 2. 省略主语+谓语：(Are you) Hungry / (Is there) Anything I can do for you 1. (I) Thank you for your help.
（谢谢你的帮助。——省略主语） 2. (Is) Anybody here
（有人在吗？——省略主谓） 3. (No taking) Photos!
（禁止拍照！——告示牌中的省略）
替代与省略
的结合 使用 so, not, neither, nor 等词来替代前面提到的整个句子或情况，从而实现省略。 【规则变化】 1. 肯定回答：I hope so. / I think so. 2. 否定回答：I hope not. / I guess not. 3. “某人也是”：So + 助动词 + 主语. 1. A: Will he win the game
B: I hope so (that he will win).
（——他会赢吗？——我希望如此。） 2. I really like that book, and so does my son.
（我真的很喜欢那本书，我儿子也一样喜欢。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. —Would you like to join us for the diversity culture festival this weekend
—I'd love ______, but I have an important exam next Monday.
A. to join B. to C. join D. joining
2. ______ necessary, we will provide you with a detailed map of San Francisco's Chinatown.
A. If it B. When C. If D. If is
3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the busy street, but his mother told him ______.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
4. Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some ______ not.
A. is B. are C. do D. does
5. While ______ in the United States, he visited the Golden Gate Bridge.
A. travel B. travelled C. travelling D. to travel
6. —Did he go to the ethnic minority village in Guizhou
—He said he would go, but he ______.
A. wouldn't B. haven't C. didn't D. hasn't
7. ______ invited to speak, you should remain quiet and listen carefully in the library.
A. Unless B. Once C. If D. Since
8. ______ sounds like a good idea to create a travel brochure for our hometown.
A. That B. This C. What D. It
9. Although ______ by the reporter's sharp words, Joe responded to his questions politely.
A. upsetting B. upset C. to upset D. upsetted
10. I am interested in the history of English literature, and ______.
A. so my brother is B. so does my brother C. so is my brother D. so my brother does
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Guizhou is a province with a lot of 1.__________ (culture) diversity. Last month, I went there for a summer trip. While 2.__________ (travel) in a pretty local village, we received a warm welcome. As 3.__________ (expect), we watched the local people play their traditional instruments. They danced 4.__________ (beautiful) to the music.
I wanted to join them, and the friendly locals warmly invited me 5.__________ (填1个词). Though 6.__________ (exhaust) after the long dance, I felt super excited. Next, we went to the market 7.__________ we found many amazing handmade accessories. I bought a silver ring, and my friend bought one, 8.__________ (填1个词). Actually, I intended to buy a traditional costume, but I failed 9.__________ (填1个词) because I didn't bring enough cash. If 10.__________ (give) another chance, I would definitely visit this amazing place again to experience more diverse cultures.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. B 【解析】考查动词不定式的省略。回答“I'd love to (join you)”，为避免重复，保留不定式符号to，省略后面的动词原形及其宾语。故选B。
2. C 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。If necessary 是 If it is necessary 的省略形式。当从句主语与主句无关但为it，且谓语含be动词时，可省略 it is。故选C。
3. A 【解析】考查动词不定式否定形式的省略。tell sb. not to do sth. 的省略形式是保留 not to，省略后面的动词原形。故选A。
4. B 【解析】考查谓语一部分的省略。完整句为“some are not poisonous”，省略了表语poisonous，保留be动词are。故选B。
5. C 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。完整句为“While he was travelling...”，主语he与主句一致且含be动词，省略he was，保留现在分词 travelling。故选C。
6. C 【解析】考查谓语的省略。问句是Did he go...，答句表示“他没去”，应为he didn't (go)，使用助动词didn't代替整个动作。故选C。
7. A 【解析】考查状语从句的省略及连词辨析。句意：除非被邀请发言，否则你应在图书馆保持安静。Unless invited = Unless you are invited。故选A。
8. D 【解析】考查主语的省略（或it作形式主语）。此处是(It) sounds like a good idea...，在口语中常省略it，但作为单选题，补充完整的主语形式应为It。故选D。
9. B 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。主语Joe与upset之间是被动关系，完整句为Although he was upset，省略he was后保留过去分词upset（其过去式和过去分词同形）。故选B。
10. C 【解析】考查替代与省略（倒装）。“某人也一样”用“So + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语”。前句用了be动词am，故此处用so is my brother。故选C。
二、语法填空
1. cultural 【解析】考查形容词作定语。修饰名词diversity，意为“文化多样性”，用形容词cultural。
2. travelling 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。主语we与travel之间是主动关系，相当于While we were travelling，省略we were，填现在分词travelling。
3. expected 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。As expected 是固定省略表达，意为“正如预期的那样”，相当于 As it was expected。
4. beautifully 【解析】考查副词作状语。修饰动词danced，意为“跳得很美”，需用副词形式beautifully。
5. to 【解析】考查动词不定式的省略。完整表达为invited me to join them，为避免重复，只保留不定式符号to。
6. exhausted 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。主语I与exhaust（使精疲力尽）是被动/状态关系，相当于Though I was exhausted，省略I was，填过去分词exhausted。
7. where 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是the market，在从句中作地点状语（we found accessories in the market），用关系副词where。
8. too 【解析】考查副词。表示“也”，常用于肯定句句末，且用逗号隔开，填too。
9. to 【解析】考查动词不定式的省略。failed to (buy it)，为避免重复，保留不定式符号to。
10. given 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。主语I与give之间是被动关系（如果被给予机会），相当于If I were given，省略I were，填过去分词given。《人教版·英语必修 第三册》UNIT 2 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：动词-ing形式（2）作宾语补足语和状语。在上一单元学习了动词-ing形式作定语和表语的基础上，本单元重点掌握动词-ing形式在句中补充说明宾语的状态（作宾语补足语），以及修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步和伴随状况（作状语）的用法。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
动词-ing形式
作宾语补足语 置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 宾语与动词-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且强调动作正在进行或一直持续。 【常考搭配动词】： 1. 感官动词：see, hear, notice, watch, observe, feel, find 等。 2. 使役/状态动词：have, get, keep, leave, catch 等。 【易错点】与动词原形的区别：
see sb. doing sth.（强调动作正在进行）；
see sb. do sth.（强调动作全过程，动作已结束）。 1. I heard someone knocking at the door.
（我听到有人在敲门。——动作正在进行） 2. I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
（很抱歉让你一直等了这么久。——动作一直持续） 3. John watched the woman talking to the air.
（约翰看着那个女人对着空气说话。）
动词-ing形式
作时间、原因或条件状语 修饰谓语动词或全句，相当于一个状语从句。 置于句首或句末，通常用逗号与主句隔开。 【核心原则】逻辑主语一致性： 动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致，并且主语与该动词之间是主动关系。 【规则变化】否定形式：
动词-ing形式的否定式必须将 not 放在 -ing 形式之前（Not doing）。 1. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
（听到这个消息，他们都高兴得跳了起来。——时间状语，相当于 When they heard...） 2. Not knowing anyone, I sat alone for two hours.
（因为谁也不认识，我独自坐了两个小时。——原因状语，相当于 Because I didn't know...）
动词-ing形式
作结果状语 表示主句动作所造成的自然而然的结果。 通常位于句末，前面常有逗号。 【拓展】与动词不定式作结果状语的区别： 1. 动词-ing形式作结果状语表示顺理成章、自然而然的结果。 2. 动词不定式（to do）作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果（常与 only, never 连用）。 1. The heavy rain lasted for a week, causing severe floods in that area.
（大雨持续了一周，导致该地区发生了严重的洪水。——自然结果） 2. He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
（他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。——意外结果）
动词-ing形式
作伴随或方式状语 表示主句动作发生时伴随发生的动作，或表示主语执行某一动作的方式。 【注意】平行/从属关系： 伴随状语实际上是主句动作的陪衬，通常不是主要动作。若两个动作同等重要，应用 and 连接，构成并列谓语。 1. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
（她坐在桌前看报纸。——伴随动作） 2. The students came into the classroom, laughing and talking.
（学生们有说有笑地走进了教室。——伴随动作）
动词-ing形式
的完成式 (having done) 如果动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，必须使用其完成式。 【易错点】时态的先后关系： 遇到作状语的题目时，先判断主被动关系，再判断动作发生的先后。先发生的动作必用 having done。 1. Having finished his homework, he went out to play.
（写完作业后，他出去玩了。——先写完作业，后出去玩） 2. Having lived in Beijing for years, he knows the city very well.
（因为在北京住了多年，他非常了解这座城市。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. When I walked past the park, I noticed some old people ______ Tai Chi under the trees.
A. practice B. practiced C. practicing D. to practice
2. The storm destroyed many houses and roads, ______ thousands of people homeless.
A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. leave
3. ______ which university to apply to, the young student decided to ask his teacher for advice.
A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Don't know
4. ______ of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin Qiaozhi opened a private clinic to serve the public.
A. Thought B. Thinking C. To think D. Think
5. He lay on his bed, ______ to his favorite music and trying to relax after a tiring day.
A. listened B. listening C. to listen D. listen
6. It is impolite to keep others ______ for a long time when you have an appointment.
A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. wait
7. ______ for two days, the travellers finally reached the top of the mountain successfully.
A. Walked B. Walking C. Having walked D. To walk
8. The manager caught the worker ______ company secrets to the competitors.
A. sell B. selling C. to sell D. sold
9. The bus suddenly stopped in the middle of the road, ______ a terrible traffic jam.
A. caused B. causing C. to cause D. cause
10. ______ that he was in a difficult situation, she immediately offered to lend him some money.
A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. See
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jane was taking an important entrance 1.__________ (examine) for a famous university. Suddenly, the girl sitting next to her fainted, 2.__________ (fall) to the floor heavily. 3.__________ (think) of the girl's safety, Jane stopped writing immediately. She 4.__________ (quick) raised her hand, telling the teacher what had happened. With the teacher's help, the girl 5.__________ (send) to the hospital in time.
After 6.__________ (return) to her seat, Jane found she only had 15 minutes left. She felt extremely 7.__________ (worry) because she hadn't finished her paper. However, she managed 8.__________ (calm) down and did as much as she could. 9.__________ (know) she might fail the exam, she didn't regret her choice. She believed that life was 10.__________ (precious) than anything else and helping others was the greatest virtue.《人教版·英语必修 第三册》UNIT 2 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：动词-ing形式（2）作宾语补足语和状语。在上一单元学习了动词-ing形式作定语和表语的基础上，本单元重点掌握动词-ing形式在句中补充说明宾语的状态（作宾语补足语），以及修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步和伴随状况（作状语）的用法。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
动词-ing形式
作宾语补足语 置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 宾语与动词-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且强调动作正在进行或一直持续。 【常考搭配动词】： 1. 感官动词：see, hear, notice, watch, observe, feel, find 等。 2. 使役/状态动词：have, get, keep, leave, catch 等。 【易错点】与动词原形的区别：
see sb. doing sth.（强调动作正在进行）；
see sb. do sth.（强调动作全过程，动作已结束）。 1. I heard someone knocking at the door.
（我听到有人在敲门。——动作正在进行） 2. I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
（很抱歉让你一直等了这么久。——动作一直持续） 3. John watched the woman talking to the air.
（约翰看着那个女人对着空气说话。）
动词-ing形式
作时间、原因或条件状语 修饰谓语动词或全句，相当于一个状语从句。 置于句首或句末，通常用逗号与主句隔开。 【核心原则】逻辑主语一致性： 动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致，并且主语与该动词之间是主动关系。 【规则变化】否定形式：
动词-ing形式的否定式必须将 not 放在 -ing 形式之前（Not doing）。 1. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
（听到这个消息，他们都高兴得跳了起来。——时间状语，相当于 When they heard...） 2. Not knowing anyone, I sat alone for two hours.
（因为谁也不认识，我独自坐了两个小时。——原因状语，相当于 Because I didn't know...）
动词-ing形式
作结果状语 表示主句动作所造成的自然而然的结果。 通常位于句末，前面常有逗号。 【拓展】与动词不定式作结果状语的区别： 1. 动词-ing形式作结果状语表示顺理成章、自然而然的结果。 2. 动词不定式（to do）作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果（常与 only, never 连用）。 1. The heavy rain lasted for a week, causing severe floods in that area.
（大雨持续了一周，导致该地区发生了严重的洪水。——自然结果） 2. He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
（他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。——意外结果）
动词-ing形式
作伴随或方式状语 表示主句动作发生时伴随发生的动作，或表示主语执行某一动作的方式。 【注意】平行/从属关系： 伴随状语实际上是主句动作的陪衬，通常不是主要动作。若两个动作同等重要，应用 and 连接，构成并列谓语。 1. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
（她坐在桌前看报纸。——伴随动作） 2. The students came into the classroom, laughing and talking.
（学生们有说有笑地走进了教室。——伴随动作）
动词-ing形式
的完成式 (having done) 如果动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，必须使用其完成式。 【易错点】时态的先后关系： 遇到作状语的题目时，先判断主被动关系，再判断动作发生的先后。先发生的动作必用 having done。 1. Having finished his homework, he went out to play.
（写完作业后，他出去玩了。——先写完作业，后出去玩） 2. Having lived in Beijing for years, he knows the city very well.
（因为在北京住了多年，他非常了解这座城市。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. When I walked past the park, I noticed some old people ______ Tai Chi under the trees.
A. practice B. practiced C. practicing D. to practice
2. The storm destroyed many houses and roads, ______ thousands of people homeless.
A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. leave
3. ______ which university to apply to, the young student decided to ask his teacher for advice.
A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Don't know
4. ______ of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin Qiaozhi opened a private clinic to serve the public.
A. Thought B. Thinking C. To think D. Think
5. He lay on his bed, ______ to his favorite music and trying to relax after a tiring day.
A. listened B. listening C. to listen D. listen
6. It is impolite to keep others ______ for a long time when you have an appointment.
A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. wait
7. ______ for two days, the travellers finally reached the top of the mountain successfully.
A. Walked B. Walking C. Having walked D. To walk
8. The manager caught the worker ______ company secrets to the competitors.
A. sell B. selling C. to sell D. sold
9. The bus suddenly stopped in the middle of the road, ______ a terrible traffic jam.
A. caused B. causing C. to cause D. cause
10. ______ that he was in a difficult situation, she immediately offered to lend him some money.
A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. See
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jane was taking an important entrance 1.__________ (examine) for a famous university. Suddenly, the girl sitting next to her fainted, 2.__________ (fall) to the floor heavily. 3.__________ (think) of the girl's safety, Jane stopped writing immediately. She 4.__________ (quick) raised her hand, telling the teacher what had happened. With the teacher's help, the girl 5.__________ (send) to the hospital in time.
After 6.__________ (return) to her seat, Jane found she only had 15 minutes left. She felt extremely 7.__________ (worry) because she hadn't finished her paper. However, she managed 8.__________ (calm) down and did as much as she could. 9.__________ (know) she might fail the exam, she didn't regret her choice. She believed that life was 10.__________ (precious) than anything else and helping others was the greatest virtue.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. C 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。notice sb. doing sth. 表示“注意到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。故选C。
2. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作结果状语。风暴摧毁房屋，自然而然地导致人们无家可归，表示顺理成章的结果用动词-ing形式。故选B。
3. A 【解析】考查动词-ing形式的否定式作状语。逻辑主语是the young student，与know之间是主动关系；动词-ing的否定形式是将not放在ing形式之前。故选A。
4. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作原因状语。逻辑主语Dr Lin Qiaozhi与think之间是主动关系，表示“一想到……”，作原因/伴随状语，应用Thinking。故选B。
5. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作伴随状语。他躺在床上，同时伴随着听音乐的动作，逻辑主语He与listen之间为主动关系，故用listening。故选B。
6. A 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。keep sb. doing sth. 是固定搭配，表示“让某人一直做某事（处于某种状态）”。故选A。
7. C 【解析】考查动词-ing形式的完成式。逻辑主语the travellers与walk是主动关系，且“步行两天”这个动作发生在“到达山顶”之前，故必须用完成式Having walked。故选C。
8. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。catch sb. doing sth. 是固定句型，表示“当场抓住某人正在做坏事”。故选B。
9. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作结果状语。公交车突然停在路中间，自然而然地导致了交通堵塞，用causing作结果状语。故选B。
10. A 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作原因状语。逻辑主语she与see之间是主动关系，表示“看到他处于困境中”，作原因状语。故选A。
二、语法填空
1. examination 【解析】考查名词。entrance examination 意为“入学考试”，作take的宾语，填名词形式。
2. falling 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作结果/伴随状语。逻辑主语the girl与fall之间是主动关系，晕倒伴随着摔倒在地上，填falling。
3. Thinking 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作原因状语。逻辑主语Jane与think之间是主动关系，作状语，且位于句首首字母需大写。
4. quickly 【解析】考查副词。修饰动词raised，需用副词形式quickly（迅速地）。
5. was sent 【解析】考查时态及语态。the girl与send之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。
6. returning 【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词After之后接动词时，必须用动名词形式returning。
7. worried 【解析】考查形容词作表语。系动词felt后接形容词，修饰人（她感到担忧的），用-ed形式worried。
8. to calm 【解析】考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”，填to calm。
9. Knowing 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作让步状语。逻辑主语she与know之间是主动关系，表示“尽管知道”，作状语，首字母大写。
10. more precious 【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据后面的连词than可知，此处需用比较级形式，precious的比较级是more precious。《人教版·英语必修 第三册》UNIT 1 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：动词-ing形式（1）作定语和表语。动词-ing形式属于非谓语动词，具有动词的特征（可带宾语或状语），同时在句中主要起形容词或名词的作用。本单元重点掌握其在句中修饰名词（作定语）以及说明主语特征或内容（作表语）的用法。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
动词-ing形式
作定语 相当于形容词或名词，修饰名词或代词。 1. 前置定语：单个的动词-ing形式作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前。 2. 后置定语：动词-ing形式短语作定语时，必须放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 【注意】表动作与表用途： 1. 表正在进行的动作或主动的状态（此时相当于现在分词）。 2. 表被修饰名词的作用或用途（此时相当于动名词，如 a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping）。 【易错点】与过去分词的区别： 动词-ing形式作定语表主动、进行；而过去分词作定语表被动、完成。 1. I just can't take my eyes off the shining lights on the trees.
（我简直无法把目光从树上闪烁的灯光移开。——单个词前置，表进行） 2. Families celebrating the Chinese New Year can enjoy exciting dragon dances.
（庆祝中国新年的家庭可以一起欣赏激动人心的舞龙表演。——短语后置，表主动，相当于who celebrate...）
动词-ing形式
作表语 位于连系动词（如 be, look, sound, seem, remain 等）之后，构成系表结构。 1. 表特征：说明主语的性质或特征（相当于形容词）。 2. 表内容：具体说明主语的内容是什么（相当于名词）。 【拓展】情感类动词的转换： 如 interest, bore, excite, surprise, amaze 等，其-ing形式（令人……的）多说明事物的特征，主语通常是物；其-ed形式（感到……的）多说明人的状态，主语通常是人。 【规则变化】主语与表语的互换： 当动词-ing形式作表语表示主语的具体内容时，主语和表语可以互换位置，句意不变。 1. These lanterns are amazing.
（这些灯笼真是令人惊叹。——表主语的特征） 2. The most exciting part of the festival is guessing riddles.
（这个节日最激动人心的部分是猜灯谜。——表主语的具体内容，可互换为 Guessing riddles is the most exciting part...）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. The documentary about the Chinese Spring Festival is so ______ that all the students are ______ in it.
A. interested; interesting B. interesting; interested C. interested; interested D. interesting; interesting
2. The girl ______ a red traditional costume over there is my younger sister.
A. wear B. worn C. wearing D. to wear
3. One of the most important customs of the Mid-Autumn Festival is ______ delicious mooncakes with family members.
A. sharing B. share C. shared D. being shared
4. Hearing the ______ news that our team won the dragon boat race, we all jumped with joy.
A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. to excite
5. The old man ______ near the window is telling the children a story about the origin of the festival.
A. seated B. sitting C. sit D. sat
6. His main job during the Rio Carnival is ______ sure that all the performers are ready on time.
A. make B. made C. making D. being made
7. The situation is rather ______, but the manager remains quite calm and deals with it perfectly.
A. worried B. worrying C. worry D. worries
8. Look at the ______ bird! Please keep quiet and don't wake it up.
A. sleep B. slept C. sleeping D. asleep
9. The students ______ the museum tomorrow must gather at the school gate at 8:00 a.m.
A. visiting B. visited C. visit D. to visit
10. What we are looking forward to is ______ the grand ceremony of Coming-of-Age Day.
A. attend B. attended C. attending D. be attending
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Lantern Festival is one of the most 1.__________ (importance) traditional festivals in China. It falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month. On this day, families 2.__________ (celebrate) the festival usually go out to enjoy the 3.__________ (amaze) lantern shows. During the festival, you can see people 4.__________ (walk) along the streets with big smiles on their faces, appreciating various lanterns in different shapes and colours.
Another 5.__________ (excite) activity is 6.__________ (guess) riddles. The riddles are usually written on the colorful lanterns. It is really fun 7.__________ (solve) these word puzzles with friends. Also, eating *yuanxiao* or *tangyuan* is a must for Chinese people. The round shape of the traditional food 8.__________ (symbolise) family reunion and 9.__________ (harmonious). The Lantern Festival is indeed a 10.__________ (fascinate) celebration that brings joy and hope to everyone.《人教版·英语必修 第三册》UNIT 1 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：动词-ing形式（1）作定语和表语。动词-ing形式属于非谓语动词，具有动词的特征（可带宾语或状语），同时在句中主要起形容词或名词的作用。本单元重点掌握其在句中修饰名词（作定语）以及说明主语特征或内容（作表语）的用法。
语法知识讲解
语法点 定义与句法功能 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
动词-ing形式
作定语 相当于形容词或名词，修饰名词或代词。 1. 前置定语：单个的动词-ing形式作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前。 2. 后置定语：动词-ing形式短语作定语时，必须放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 【注意】表动作与表用途： 1. 表正在进行的动作或主动的状态（此时相当于现在分词）。 2. 表被修饰名词的作用或用途（此时相当于动名词，如 a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping）。 【易错点】与过去分词的区别： 动词-ing形式作定语表主动、进行；而过去分词作定语表被动、完成。 1. I just can't take my eyes off the shining lights on the trees.
（我简直无法把目光从树上闪烁的灯光移开。——单个词前置，表进行） 2. Families celebrating the Chinese New Year can enjoy exciting dragon dances.
（庆祝中国新年的家庭可以一起欣赏激动人心的舞龙表演。——短语后置，表主动，相当于who celebrate...）
动词-ing形式
作表语 位于连系动词（如 be, look, sound, seem, remain 等）之后，构成系表结构。 1. 表特征：说明主语的性质或特征（相当于形容词）。 2. 表内容：具体说明主语的内容是什么（相当于名词）。 【拓展】情感类动词的转换： 如 interest, bore, excite, surprise, amaze 等，其-ing形式（令人……的）多说明事物的特征，主语通常是物；其-ed形式（感到……的）多说明人的状态，主语通常是人。 【规则变化】主语与表语的互换： 当动词-ing形式作表语表示主语的具体内容时，主语和表语可以互换位置，句意不变。 1. These lanterns are amazing.
（这些灯笼真是令人惊叹。——表主语的特征） 2. The most exciting part of the festival is guessing riddles.
（这个节日最激动人心的部分是猜灯谜。——表主语的具体内容，可互换为 Guessing riddles is the most exciting part...）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. The documentary about the Chinese Spring Festival is so ______ that all the students are ______ in it.
A. interested; interesting B. interesting; interested C. interested; interested D. interesting; interesting
2. The girl ______ a red traditional costume over there is my younger sister.
A. wear B. worn C. wearing D. to wear
3. One of the most important customs of the Mid-Autumn Festival is ______ delicious mooncakes with family members.
A. sharing B. share C. shared D. being shared
4. Hearing the ______ news that our team won the dragon boat race, we all jumped with joy.
A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. to excite
5. The old man ______ near the window is telling the children a story about the origin of the festival.
A. seated B. sitting C. sit D. sat
6. His main job during the Rio Carnival is ______ sure that all the performers are ready on time.
A. make B. made C. making D. being made
7. The situation is rather ______, but the manager remains quite calm and deals with it perfectly.
A. worried B. worrying C. worry D. worries
8. Look at the ______ bird! Please keep quiet and don't wake it up.
A. sleep B. slept C. sleeping D. asleep
9. The students ______ the museum tomorrow must gather at the school gate at 8:00 a.m.
A. visiting B. visited C. visit D. to visit
10. What we are looking forward to is ______ the grand ceremony of Coming-of-Age Day.
A. attend B. attended C. attending D. be attending
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Lantern Festival is one of the most 1.__________ (importance) traditional festivals in China. It falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month. On this day, families 2.__________ (celebrate) the festival usually go out to enjoy the 3.__________ (amaze) lantern shows. During the festival, you can see people 4.__________ (walk) along the streets with big smiles on their faces, appreciating various lanterns in different shapes and colours.
Another 5.__________ (excite) activity is 6.__________ (guess) riddles. The riddles are usually written on the colorful lanterns. It is really fun 7.__________ (solve) these word puzzles with friends. Also, eating *yuanxiao* or *tangyuan* is a must for Chinese people. The round shape of the traditional food 8.__________ (symbolise) family reunion and 9.__________ (harmonious). The Lantern Festival is indeed a 10.__________ (fascinate) celebration that brings joy and hope to everyone.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作表语。第一空修饰物(documentary)，表示“令人感兴趣的”，用interesting；第二空修饰人(students)，表示“对……感兴趣的”，用interested，固定搭配be interested in。故选B。
2. C 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作定语。The girl与wear之间是主动关系，且动作正在进行，用wearing a red traditional costume作后置定语，相当于who is wearing...。故选C。
3. A 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作表语。句子的主语是One of the most important customs，后面的表语用于说明主语的具体内容是什么，应用动名词sharing。故选A。
4. C 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作前置定语。修饰名词news，表示“令人激动的消息”，应用-ing形式exciting。故选C。
5. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作定语。The old man与sit之间是主动关系，用现在分词sitting作后置定语。注意A选项seated也可作定语，但它是过去分词表状态（be seated）。故选B。
6. C 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作表语。主语是His main job，后面的表语说明工作的具体内容，应用动名词making sure...。故选C。
7. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作表语。主语是The situation（形势/情况），表示“形势是令人担忧的”，修饰物用worrying。故选B。
8. C 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作前置定语。修饰名词bird，表示正在进行的动作（正在睡觉的），用sleeping。故选C。
9. A 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作后置定语。The students与visit之间是主动关系，表示“将要参观博物馆的学生”，用visiting作后置定语（现在分词有时也可表示按计划将要发生的动作）。故选A。
10. C 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作表语。主语是What we are looking forward to（我们所期盼的事情），表语用于说明具体内容，应用动名词attending。故选C。
二、语法填空
1. important 【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词festivals，且在the most之后，应用形容词important。
2. celebrating 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作定语。families与celebrate之间是主动关系，用celebrating作后置定语，相当于who celebrate。
3. amazing 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作定语。修饰物（lantern shows），表示“令人惊叹的”，用amazing。
4. walking 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。see sb. doing sth. 表示“看到某人正在做某事”，宾语people与walk之间是主动关系。
5. exciting 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作定语。修饰名词activity，表示“令人激动的”，用exciting。
6. guessing 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作表语。系动词is之后需要一个词来具体说明activity的内容，应用动名词guessing。
7. to solve 【解析】考查非谓语动词。It is + n./adj. + to do sth. 是固定句型，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to solve。
8. symbolises/symbolizes 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语The round shape为单数，谓语动词需加-s。
9. harmony 【解析】考查名词。由and连接，与前面的名词reunion（团聚）并列，作symbolises的宾语，应用名词harmony（和谐）。
10. fascinating 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作定语。修饰名词celebration，表示“令人着迷的”，用fascinating。

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