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《人教版·英语选择性必修 第二册》UNIT 5 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：复习动词-ing形式 (Review of the -ing form)。在高中前面的单元中，我们已经陆续学习了动词-ing形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语等成分的用法。本单元通过“急救（First Aid）”这一主题，全面复习并巩固动词-ing形式在不同语境中的各项句法功能和表意作用。
语法知识讲解
句法功能 基本规则与特征 重点提示 / 易错点 教材例句及翻译
作主语
(Subject) 动名词作主语，通常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或已知的事实。 【注意主谓一致】： 单个动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词必须使用单数形式。 1. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
（如你所想，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。） 2. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended.
（不建议对小孩使用海姆立克急救法。）
作表语
(Predicative) 位于连系动词（如 be 动词）之后，用于解释或说明主语的具体内容。 【语用转换】： 主语和动名词表语的位置通常可以互换而句意基本不变。 1. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
（烧伤治疗的第一步也是最重要的一步就是进行急救。）
作宾语
(Object) 位于某些特定及物动词或介词之后作宾语。 【常考搭配】： suggest, avoid, enjoy, mind, delay, keep, practice 等动词后只能接 doing。 1. They suggested eating more slowly and taking smaller bites.
（他们建议吃慢一点，小口一点吃。）
作状语
(Adverbial) 可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果或伴随方式等。 分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且为主动关系。 【搭配连词】： 有时为了使状语的意义更明确，可以在-ing形式前加上 when, while, before 等连词。 1. Standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre.
（陈站在张的身后，实施了海姆立克急救法。——伴随/方式状语） 2. A minute ago, she fell down while trying to open the window.
（一分钟前，她在试图开窗时摔倒了。——时间状语）
作定语
(Attribute) 修饰名词，说明事物的性质、特征或用途，也可表示动作正在进行。 【前置与后置】： 单个的-ing形式作定语常前置；-ing短语作定语必须后置。 1. It is best to place burns under cool running water.
（最好将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下。——单个词前置定语） 2. A choking victim usually has only about four minutes...
（窒息的受害者通常只有大约四分钟……）
作宾语补足语
(Object Complement) 跟在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作，表示动作正在进行或处于某种状态。 【常见动词】： 常用于 see, hear, notice, watch, find, catch, keep, leave 等动词后。 1. ...unless you see the fabric sticking to the burn.
（……除非你看到布料粘在烧伤处。——宾语fabric是动作发出者） 2. He had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming...
（当他听到有人尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. The first and most important step in the treatment of a burn is ______ first aid quickly.
A. give B. giving C. given D. gave
2. ______ the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended because it might cause injuries.
A. Do B. Did C. Doing D. Done
3. Remove any clothes from the burnt area ______ scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the skin.
A. used B. using C. use D. to use
4. He was having dinner when he suddenly heard a man ______ from another table.
A. screaming B. screamed C. to scream D. screams
5. When someone is choking, you should act quickly without ______.
A. to hesitate B. hesitated C. hesitate D. hesitating
6. ______ behind Zhang, Chen Wei did the Heimlich manoeuvre and forced the food out.
A. Stood B. Standing C. Stand D. To stand
7. For minor burns, it is best to place the injured area under cool ______ water for at least ten minutes.
A. ran B. running C. run D. to run
8. The doctors checked the choking victim carefully, ______ sure that he was perfectly fine.
A. making B. made C. make D. to make
9. The doctors suggested ______ more slowly and taking smaller bites to prevent choking.
A. to eat B. eat C. eaten D. eating
10. It is a ______ experience to see someone struggling to breathe and turning red.
A. frighten B. frightened C. frightening D. to frighten
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone 1.__________ (scream) from another table. A fellow diner, Zhang Tao, was choking on some steak. He was holding his throat with his face 2.__________ (turn) red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.
3.__________ (see) someone choking, Chen wasted no time. He got up and ran to Zhang’s table at once. With the help of Zhang’s friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet. Then, 4.__________ (stand) behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again. Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived. The doctors checked Zhang, 5.__________ (make) sure that he was fine. They suggested 6.__________ (eat) more slowly and 7.__________ (take) smaller bites before they left.
8.__________ (do) the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended, but for adults, it is a true life-saver. 9.__________ (learn) first aid is highly important for everyone. We should all be prepared for emergencies without 10.__________ (panic) in critical moments.《人教版·英语选择性必修 第二册》UNIT 4 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：过去分词与动词-ing形式的对比 (Past participles vs the -ing form)。这两者都属于非谓语动词，在句中常作定语、状语、表语或宾语补足语。它们的核心区别在于：动词-ing形式通常表示“主动”和“进行”，而过去分词（-ed形式）通常表示“被动”和“完成”。准确区分二者的逻辑关系是高中语法的重中之重。
语法知识讲解
语法点 区别与判断标准 重点提示 / 易错点 教材例句及翻译
情感类形容词
作表语/定语 1. 动词-ing形式：表示“令人……的”，主语或被修饰的名词通常是事物（说明事物的特征）。 2. 过去分词：表示“感到……的”，主语或被修饰的名词通常是人（说明人的心理状态）。 【常考词汇】： amaze (amazing/amazed), terrify (terrifying/terrified), fascinate (fascinating/fascinated), bore (boring/bored) 等。 1. The girls were amazed to see such an open country.
（女孩们看到如此开阔的乡村感到很惊讶。） 2. The farms covered a very large area, which was amazing.
（农场占地面积很大，这令人惊叹。） 3. Going into the wilderness alone can be terrifying.
（独自进入荒野可能很可怕。）
作状语的对比 状语的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 1. 主动关系：句子的主语是动作的发出者，用 -ing 形式。 2. 被动关系：句子的主语是动作的承受者，用 过去分词。 【解题技巧】“两步法”： 第一步：找准句子主语；
第二步：判断句子主语与非谓语动词之间是“主动”还是“被动”关系。 1. Seen from the top of the mountain, the scenery was really fascinating.
（从山顶被看，风景真的很迷人。——scenery与see是被动关系） 2. Seeing the scenery from the top of the mountain, I was fascinated by the autumn colours.
（从山顶看风景，我被秋色迷住了。——I与see是主动关系）
作定语的对比 修饰名词，说明名词的性质或状态。 1. 动词-ing形式：表示动作是主动的，或正在进行。 2. 过去分词：表示动作是被动的，或已经完成。 【经典对比】： the falling leaves（正在飘落的叶子）vs the fallen leaves（已经落下的叶子/落叶） the developing country（发展中国家）vs the developed country（发达国家） 1. The tourists visiting the park are from all over the world.
（正在参观公园的游客来自世界各地。——主动且进行） 2. The language spoken in this area is a little difficult to understand.
（这个地区被使用的语言有点难懂。——被动且完成）
作宾语补足语
的对比 补充说明宾语的状态。需判断宾语与补足语之间的逻辑关系。 1. 宾语是动作的发出者：用 -ing 形式。 2. 宾语是动作的承受者：用 过去分词。 【常见动词】： 感官动词 (see, hear, find, notice) 和使役/状态动词 (have, get, leave, keep, catch) 后最常接分词作宾补。 1. When we arrived, we found the door locked.
（我们到达时，发现门被锁上了。——门被锁） 2. I found him waiting for me at the station.
（我发现他正在车站等我。——他主动等）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Do you feel ______ when going into the wilderness alone at night
A. terrify B. terrifying C. terrified D. to terrify
2. ______ from space, the earth looks like a beautiful blue marble.
A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see
3. ______ her best friend, the little girl ran excitedly towards her.
A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see
4. The children were completely ______ by the magician's ______ performance.
A. fascinated; fascinated B. fascinating; fascinating C. fascinated; fascinating D. fascinating; fascinated
5. ______ by the beautiful scenery of the Canadian Rockies, they decided to stay for another week.
A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To attract D. Attract
6. When returning to the hotel, he found his wallet ______ and his clothes ______ all over the floor.
A. missing; leaving B. missing; left C. missed; leaving D. missed; left
7. The novel, ______ by a famous Canadian author, is highly recommended by our English teacher.
A. write B. writing C. written D. to write
8. ______ blindly without considering the market demand, the project ended up in failure.
A. Carried out B. Carrying out C. To carry out D. Carry out
9. There is a great deal of evidence ______ that music can help people relieve stress.
A. indicate B. indicating C. indicated D. to indicate
10. The old man kept his eyes ______ on the precious painting, not wanting to miss any details.
A. fixed B. fixing C. fix D. to fix
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Li Daiyu and Liu Qian took a train journey across Canada. 1.__________ (seat) comfortably on the train, they looked out of the window. The scenery passing by was absolutely 2.__________ (amaze). They were completely 3.__________ (fascinate) by the vast land. 4.__________ (surround) by the majestic mountains and thick forests, the lakes looked peaceful and clear. 5.__________ (view) from the train, the Canadian Rockies were breathtaking.
During the trip, they met a local girl 6.__________ (name) Anna. They spent hours 7.__________ (talk) with each other. Anna told them many 8.__________ (interest) stories about the local culture. When they finally arrived at their destination, they felt a bit 9.__________ (exhaust) from the long journey, but their hearts were filled with joy. It was a highly 10.__________ (reward) experience that they would remember forever.《人教版·英语选择性必修 第二册》UNIT 5 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：复习动词-ing形式 (Review of the -ing form)。在高中前面的单元中，我们已经陆续学习了动词-ing形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语等成分的用法。本单元通过“急救（First Aid）”这一主题，全面复习并巩固动词-ing形式在不同语境中的各项句法功能和表意作用。
语法知识讲解
句法功能 基本规则与特征 重点提示 / 易错点 教材例句及翻译
作主语
(Subject) 动名词作主语，通常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或已知的事实。 【注意主谓一致】： 单个动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词必须使用单数形式。 1. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
（如你所想，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。） 2. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended.
（不建议对小孩使用海姆立克急救法。）
作表语
(Predicative) 位于连系动词（如 be 动词）之后，用于解释或说明主语的具体内容。 【语用转换】： 主语和动名词表语的位置通常可以互换而句意基本不变。 1. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
（烧伤治疗的第一步也是最重要的一步就是进行急救。）
作宾语
(Object) 位于某些特定及物动词或介词之后作宾语。 【常考搭配】： suggest, avoid, enjoy, mind, delay, keep, practice 等动词后只能接 doing。 1. They suggested eating more slowly and taking smaller bites.
（他们建议吃慢一点，小口一点吃。）
作状语
(Adverbial) 可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果或伴随方式等。 分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且为主动关系。 【搭配连词】： 有时为了使状语的意义更明确，可以在-ing形式前加上 when, while, before 等连词。 1. Standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre.
（陈站在张的身后，实施了海姆立克急救法。——伴随/方式状语） 2. A minute ago, she fell down while trying to open the window.
（一分钟前，她在试图开窗时摔倒了。——时间状语）
作定语
(Attribute) 修饰名词，说明事物的性质、特征或用途，也可表示动作正在进行。 【前置与后置】： 单个的-ing形式作定语常前置；-ing短语作定语必须后置。 1. It is best to place burns under cool running water.
（最好将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下。——单个词前置定语） 2. A choking victim usually has only about four minutes...
（窒息的受害者通常只有大约四分钟……）
作宾语补足语
(Object Complement) 跟在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作，表示动作正在进行或处于某种状态。 【常见动词】： 常用于 see, hear, notice, watch, find, catch, keep, leave 等动词后。 1. ...unless you see the fabric sticking to the burn.
（……除非你看到布料粘在烧伤处。——宾语fabric是动作发出者） 2. He had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming...
（当他听到有人尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. The first and most important step in the treatment of a burn is ______ first aid quickly.
A. give B. giving C. given D. gave
2. ______ the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended because it might cause injuries.
A. Do B. Did C. Doing D. Done
3. Remove any clothes from the burnt area ______ scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the skin.
A. used B. using C. use D. to use
4. He was having dinner when he suddenly heard a man ______ from another table.
A. screaming B. screamed C. to scream D. screams
5. When someone is choking, you should act quickly without ______.
A. to hesitate B. hesitated C. hesitate D. hesitating
6. ______ behind Zhang, Chen Wei did the Heimlich manoeuvre and forced the food out.
A. Stood B. Standing C. Stand D. To stand
7. For minor burns, it is best to place the injured area under cool ______ water for at least ten minutes.
A. ran B. running C. run D. to run
8. The doctors checked the choking victim carefully, ______ sure that he was perfectly fine.
A. making B. made C. make D. to make
9. The doctors suggested ______ more slowly and taking smaller bites to prevent choking.
A. to eat B. eat C. eaten D. eating
10. It is a ______ experience to see someone struggling to breathe and turning red.
A. frighten B. frightened C. frightening D. to frighten
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone 1.__________ (scream) from another table. A fellow diner, Zhang Tao, was choking on some steak. He was holding his throat with his face 2.__________ (turn) red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.
3.__________ (see) someone choking, Chen wasted no time. He got up and ran to Zhang’s table at once. With the help of Zhang’s friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet. Then, 4.__________ (stand) behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again. Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived. The doctors checked Zhang, 5.__________ (make) sure that he was fine. They suggested 6.__________ (eat) more slowly and 7.__________ (take) smaller bites before they left.
8.__________ (do) the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended, but for adults, it is a true life-saver. 9.__________ (learn) first aid is highly important for everyone. We should all be prepared for emergencies without 10.__________ (panic) in critical moments.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作表语。句意为“治疗烧伤最重要的一步就是快速进行急救”。谓语是is，后面用动名词giving作表语，解释step的具体内容。
2. C 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作主语。句意为“不建议对小孩做海姆立克急救法，因为可能会造成伤害”。动词原形不能直接作主语，应用动名词Doing。
3. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作方式状语。逻辑主语是句子的隐含主语（祈使句的you），使用剪刀（use scissors）与主语是主动关系，故用using表示方式伴随。
4. A 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。hear sb. doing sth. 表示“听到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在发生。尖叫（scream）正在进行，选screaming。
5. D 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作介词宾语。without是介词，后面必须接名词、代词或动名词（hesitating），意为“毫不犹豫地”。
6. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作状语。陈伟（Chen Wei）站在张的后面，主语Chen与stand之间为主动关系，作状语表伴随动作，用Standing。
7. B 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作定语。running water 意为“自来水；流动的活水”，现在分词 running 前置作定语，修饰名词 water。
8. A 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作结果/伴随状语。医生检查了他，随之“确保（make sure）”他没事。主语the doctors与make为主动关系，用making。
9. D 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语。suggest doing sth.（建议做某事）为固定搭配，后面必须接动名词作宾语，故选eating。
10. C 【解析】考查动词-ing形式（情感形容词）作定语。修饰名词experience（经历、体验），表示“令人害怕的经历”，用-ing形式frightening。
二、语法填空
1. screaming 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听到某人正在做某事”，强调听到动作正在进行，填 screaming。
2. turning 【解析】考查动词-ing形式。在 with 的复合结构“with + 宾语 + 宾补”中，宾语 his face 与 turn red 之间存在主动/进行的关系（脸色变红），用现在分词 turning。
3. Seeing 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作时间/原因状语。主语 Chen 与 see 之间是主动关系（看到有人窒息后，陈没有浪费时间），用现在分词 Seeing，首字母大写。
4. standing 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作伴随状语。主语 Chen 与 stand 之间是主动关系，表示伴随着“站在张身后”实施急救法，填 standing。
5. making 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作结果/伴随状语。主语 The doctors 与 make sure 之间是主动关系，表示自然而然的结果，填 making。
6. eating 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作动词宾语。suggest doing sth.（建议做某事）是固定搭配，填 eating。
7. taking 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语（平行结构）。与前面的 eating 形成并列关系，共同作 suggested 的宾语，填 taking。
8. Doing 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作主语。句子缺少主语，动词不能直接作主语，表示一般事实用动名词 Doing，且位于句首字母需大写。
9. Learning 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作主语。“学习急救（Learning first aid）”作整个句子的主语，谓语是 is，填 Learning，首字母大写。
10. panicking 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作介词宾语。without 为介词，其后接动名词形式。注意 panic 变 -ing 时要先加 k 再加 -ing，即 panicking。《人教版·英语选择性必修 第二册》UNIT 4 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：过去分词与动词-ing形式的对比 (Past participles vs the -ing form)。这两者都属于非谓语动词，在句中常作定语、状语、表语或宾语补足语。它们的核心区别在于：动词-ing形式通常表示“主动”和“进行”，而过去分词（-ed形式）通常表示“被动”和“完成”。准确区分二者的逻辑关系是高中语法的重中之重。
语法知识讲解
语法点 区别与判断标准 重点提示 / 易错点 教材例句及翻译
情感类形容词
作表语/定语 1. 动词-ing形式：表示“令人……的”，主语或被修饰的名词通常是事物（说明事物的特征）。 2. 过去分词：表示“感到……的”，主语或被修饰的名词通常是人（说明人的心理状态）。 【常考词汇】： amaze (amazing/amazed), terrify (terrifying/terrified), fascinate (fascinating/fascinated), bore (boring/bored) 等。 1. The girls were amazed to see such an open country.
（女孩们看到如此开阔的乡村感到很惊讶。） 2. The farms covered a very large area, which was amazing.
（农场占地面积很大，这令人惊叹。） 3. Going into the wilderness alone can be terrifying.
（独自进入荒野可能很可怕。）
作状语的对比 状语的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 1. 主动关系：句子的主语是动作的发出者，用 -ing 形式。 2. 被动关系：句子的主语是动作的承受者，用 过去分词。 【解题技巧】“两步法”： 第一步：找准句子主语；
第二步：判断句子主语与非谓语动词之间是“主动”还是“被动”关系。 1. Seen from the top of the mountain, the scenery was really fascinating.
（从山顶被看，风景真的很迷人。——scenery与see是被动关系） 2. Seeing the scenery from the top of the mountain, I was fascinated by the autumn colours.
（从山顶看风景，我被秋色迷住了。——I与see是主动关系）
作定语的对比 修饰名词，说明名词的性质或状态。 1. 动词-ing形式：表示动作是主动的，或正在进行。 2. 过去分词：表示动作是被动的，或已经完成。 【经典对比】： the falling leaves（正在飘落的叶子）vs the fallen leaves（已经落下的叶子/落叶） the developing country（发展中国家）vs the developed country（发达国家） 1. The tourists visiting the park are from all over the world.
（正在参观公园的游客来自世界各地。——主动且进行） 2. The language spoken in this area is a little difficult to understand.
（这个地区被使用的语言有点难懂。——被动且完成）
作宾语补足语
的对比 补充说明宾语的状态。需判断宾语与补足语之间的逻辑关系。 1. 宾语是动作的发出者：用 -ing 形式。 2. 宾语是动作的承受者：用 过去分词。 【常见动词】： 感官动词 (see, hear, find, notice) 和使役/状态动词 (have, get, leave, keep, catch) 后最常接分词作宾补。 1. When we arrived, we found the door locked.
（我们到达时，发现门被锁上了。——门被锁） 2. I found him waiting for me at the station.
（我发现他正在车站等我。——他主动等）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Do you feel ______ when going into the wilderness alone at night
A. terrify B. terrifying C. terrified D. to terrify
2. ______ from space, the earth looks like a beautiful blue marble.
A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see
3. ______ her best friend, the little girl ran excitedly towards her.
A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see
4. The children were completely ______ by the magician's ______ performance.
A. fascinated; fascinated B. fascinating; fascinating C. fascinated; fascinating D. fascinating; fascinated
5. ______ by the beautiful scenery of the Canadian Rockies, they decided to stay for another week.
A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To attract D. Attract
6. When returning to the hotel, he found his wallet ______ and his clothes ______ all over the floor.
A. missing; leaving B. missing; left C. missed; leaving D. missed; left
7. The novel, ______ by a famous Canadian author, is highly recommended by our English teacher.
A. write B. writing C. written D. to write
8. ______ blindly without considering the market demand, the project ended up in failure.
A. Carried out B. Carrying out C. To carry out D. Carry out
9. There is a great deal of evidence ______ that music can help people relieve stress.
A. indicate B. indicating C. indicated D. to indicate
10. The old man kept his eyes ______ on the precious painting, not wanting to miss any details.
A. fixed B. fixing C. fix D. to fix
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Li Daiyu and Liu Qian took a train journey across Canada. 1.__________ (seat) comfortably on the train, they looked out of the window. The scenery passing by was absolutely 2.__________ (amaze). They were completely 3.__________ (fascinate) by the vast land. 4.__________ (surround) by the majestic mountains and thick forests, the lakes looked peaceful and clear. 5.__________ (view) from the train, the Canadian Rockies were breathtaking.
During the trip, they met a local girl 6.__________ (name) Anna. They spent hours 7.__________ (talk) with each other. Anna told them many 8.__________ (interest) stories about the local culture. When they finally arrived at their destination, they felt a bit 9.__________ (exhaust) from the long journey, but their hearts were filled with joy. It was a highly 10.__________ (reward) experience that they would remember forever.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. C 【解析】考查情感形容词作表语。主语是you（人），表示“你感到害怕吗”，修饰人或人的感受用-ed形式 terrified。
2. C 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句子的主语是the earth，与see之间是被动关系（地球被从太空中看），故用过去分词 Seen。
3. B 【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句子的主语是the little girl，与see之间是主动关系（小女孩主动看到好朋友），故用现在分词 Seeing。
4. C 【解析】考查情感形容词。第一空主语是The children，表示“孩子们感到着迷的”，用 fascinated；第二空修饰名词 performance（物），表示“令人着迷的表演”，用 fascinating。
5. B 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语they与attract之间是被动关系（他们被美景吸引），用过去分词 Attracted。
6. B 【解析】考查分词作宾语补足语。第一空 missing 意为“丢失的，不见的”，本身是形容词性质；第二空宾语是 his clothes，与 leave 是被动关系（衣服被扔/留在地上），故用过去分词 left。
7. C 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。The novel 与 write 之间是被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词 written 作后置定语（相当于 which was written...）。
8. A 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语 the project 与 carry out（执行/开展）之间是被动关系，故用过去分词 Carried out，表示“由于被盲目开展”。
9. B 【解析】考查现在分词作定语。evidence（证据）与 indicate（表明）之间是主动关系（证据主动表明了……事实），故用 indicating 作后置定语。
10. A 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。keep one's eyes fixed on sth. 是固定搭配，表示“眼睛死死盯着某物”，eyes与fix存在被动关系（目光被固定在……上），故用 fixed。
二、语法填空
1. Seated 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。seat 作动词时意为“使就座”，表示某人坐着通常用被动形式 be seated，故此处作状语用过去分词 Seated（或填 Sitting，sit为不及物动词）。
2. amazing 【解析】考查情感形容词作表语。主语 The scenery 是物，表示“风景是令人惊叹的”，用 amazing。
3. fascinated 【解析】考查情感形容词作表语。主语 They 是人，表示“他们感到着迷”，用 fascinated。
4. Surrounded 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语 the lakes 与 surround（环绕）之间是被动关系（湖泊被群山环绕），用过去分词 Surrounded，首字母大写。
5. Viewed 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语 the Canadian Rockies 与 view（观看）之间是被动关系（落基山脉被从火车上观看），用过去分词 Viewed，首字母大写。
6. named 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。a local girl 与 name 之间是被动关系（被命名为/名叫），用 named 作后置定语。
7. talking 【解析】考查动词-ing形式。spend time doing sth.（花费时间做某事）是固定搭配，填 talking。
8. interesting 【解析】考查情感形容词作定语。修饰名词 stories（物），表示“令人感兴趣的故事”，填 interesting。
9. exhausted 【解析】考查情感形容词作表语。主语 they 是人，表示“他们感到精疲力尽”，填 exhausted。
10. rewarding 【解析】考查形容词作定语。修饰名词 experience，表示“令人受益匪浅的经历”，由动词 reward 加 -ing 构成形容词 rewarding。《人教版·英语选择性必修 第二册》UNIT 3 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：过去完成时及其被动语态 (The past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice)。过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态，简言之即“过去的过去”。
语法知识讲解
语法点 基本构成与用法 重点提示 / 常见标志词 例句及翻译
过去完成时
的主动语态 结构：主语 + had + 过去分词 (done) 用于表示一个动作发生在“过去的过去”。 【常见时间状语】： 1. by + 过去的时间点 2. by the time + 一般过去时从句 3. before + 一般过去时从句 4. until + 一般过去时 1. They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.
（在萨姆加入他们之前，他们已经吃完晚饭了。——教材原句） 2. The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.
（这位厨师在他的新食谱出版之前，就已经开了一家农场到餐桌的餐厅。——教材原句）
过去完成时
的被动语态 结构：主语 + had been + 过去分词 (done) 强调“在过去某时间前，某事已经被完成”。主语是动作的承受者。 【易错点】区分一般过去时被动： 1. was/were done：纯粹描述过去发生的被动动作。 2. had been done：强调在过去另一动作之前已经“被完成”。 1. Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.
（在萨姆加入他们之前，他们的晚餐已经被吃完了。） 2. The get-together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sally had been injured in a car accident.
（昨天的聚会被取消了，因为莎莉在车祸中受了伤。）
常考句型 1
(一……就……) Hardly / Scarcely had + 主语 + done... when + 主语 + did... No sooner had + 主语 + done... than + 主语 + did... 【注意】倒装规则： 当否定词 Hardly / Scarcely / No sooner 位于句首时，主句必须部分倒装，即把助动词 had 提前到主语前面。 1. Hardly had I taken a bite of the steak when I realized it was too salty.
（我刚咬了一口牛排，就发现它太咸了。） 2. No sooner had the waiter served the dish than everyone started eating.
（服务员刚把菜端上来，大家就开始吃了。）
常考句型 2
(第几次做某事) It was the first/second time that 主语 + had done... 【对比记忆】： 如果是 It is the first time that... 从句则用现在完成时 (have/has done)。 1. It was the first time that Carol had tasted traditional Scottish haggis.
（那是卡罗尔第一次品尝传统的苏格兰肉馅羊肚。）
常考句型 3
(虚拟语气) wish 后接宾语从句时，表示对过去发生事情的遗憾或后悔，从句用 had done。 【拓展】： If only (要是……就好了) 表示对过去的虚拟时，也用 had done 结构。 1. I was so full. I wish I had not eaten so much dessert.
（我太撑了。我真希望我刚才没吃那么多甜点。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. By the time we arrived at the famous seafood restaurant, all the special dishes ______.
A. were sold out B. had been sold out C. have been sold out D. sold out
2. The chef ______ a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published last year.
A. had set up B. set up C. has set up D. was set up
3. When I got to the teahouse yesterday, I found nobody there. The get-together ______ because Sally got into a car accident.
A. had cancelled B. was cancelling C. had been cancelled D. has been cancelled
4. Carol didn't want to try the haggis in the canteen because she ______ it before and didn't like the taste.
A. had tried B. has tried C. tried D. was trying
5. No sooner ______ the delicious food than he felt a sudden stomachache.
A. he had swallowed B. had he swallowed C. he swallowed D. did he swallow
6. It was the first time that the foreign tourists ______ the traditional Beijing roast duck.
A. tasted B. has tasted C. had tasted D. taste
7. I asked the waiter if the fresh ingredients ______ from a local organic farm.
A. are bought B. have been bought C. had bought D. had been bought
8. The young man regretted that he ______ so much junk food in his childhood, which led to his health problems.
A. had eaten B. ate C. has eaten D. eats
9. By the end of last month, the new culinary exchange program ______ by more than 500 students.
A. was joined B. had joined C. had been joined D. has been joined
10. Hardly ______ the kitchen when the fire alarm rang loudly.
A. had the chef left B. the chef had left C. has the chef left D. the chef left
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Last year, Chef Gordon opened a successful restaurant in the city center. Before he opened it, he 1.__________ (work) in a fast-food chain for over ten years. During that time, he noticed that a large amount of food 2.__________ (waste) by the time the restaurant closed every day. He wanted to change this unhealthy dining culture.
By the time he 3.__________ (make) his final decision to start a farm-to-table restaurant, he 4.__________ (visit) several local organic farms to ensure the food supply. A beautiful location near the lake 5.__________ (choose) before the interior design started. Surprisingly, he 6.__________ (not inform) his family about the plan until everything was completely ready.
When the restaurant finally opened, the tables 7.__________ (book) fully by curious customers in advance. Actually, it was the first time that many locals 8.__________ (experience) such fresh and healthy organic food. By the end of the first month, thousands of positive reviews 9.__________ (receive) online. Chef Gordon said he was very satisfied and he only wished he 10.__________ (start) the business much earlier.《人教版·英语选择性必修 第二册》UNIT 3 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：过去完成时及其被动语态 (The past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice)。过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态，简言之即“过去的过去”。
语法知识讲解
语法点 基本构成与用法 重点提示 / 常见标志词 例句及翻译
过去完成时
的主动语态 结构：主语 + had + 过去分词 (done) 用于表示一个动作发生在“过去的过去”。 【常见时间状语】： 1. by + 过去的时间点 2. by the time + 一般过去时从句 3. before + 一般过去时从句 4. until + 一般过去时 1. They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.
（在萨姆加入他们之前，他们已经吃完晚饭了。——教材原句） 2. The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.
（这位厨师在他的新食谱出版之前，就已经开了一家农场到餐桌的餐厅。——教材原句）
过去完成时
的被动语态 结构：主语 + had been + 过去分词 (done) 强调“在过去某时间前，某事已经被完成”。主语是动作的承受者。 【易错点】区分一般过去时被动： 1. was/were done：纯粹描述过去发生的被动动作。 2. had been done：强调在过去另一动作之前已经“被完成”。 1. Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.
（在萨姆加入他们之前，他们的晚餐已经被吃完了。） 2. The get-together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sally had been injured in a car accident.
（昨天的聚会被取消了，因为莎莉在车祸中受了伤。）
常考句型 1
(一……就……) Hardly / Scarcely had + 主语 + done... when + 主语 + did... No sooner had + 主语 + done... than + 主语 + did... 【注意】倒装规则： 当否定词 Hardly / Scarcely / No sooner 位于句首时，主句必须部分倒装，即把助动词 had 提前到主语前面。 1. Hardly had I taken a bite of the steak when I realized it was too salty.
（我刚咬了一口牛排，就发现它太咸了。） 2. No sooner had the waiter served the dish than everyone started eating.
（服务员刚把菜端上来，大家就开始吃了。）
常考句型 2
(第几次做某事) It was the first/second time that 主语 + had done... 【对比记忆】： 如果是 It is the first time that... 从句则用现在完成时 (have/has done)。 1. It was the first time that Carol had tasted traditional Scottish haggis.
（那是卡罗尔第一次品尝传统的苏格兰肉馅羊肚。）
常考句型 3
(虚拟语气) wish 后接宾语从句时，表示对过去发生事情的遗憾或后悔，从句用 had done。 【拓展】： If only (要是……就好了) 表示对过去的虚拟时，也用 had done 结构。 1. I was so full. I wish I had not eaten so much dessert.
（我太撑了。我真希望我刚才没吃那么多甜点。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. By the time we arrived at the famous seafood restaurant, all the special dishes ______.
A. were sold out B. had been sold out C. have been sold out D. sold out
2. The chef ______ a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published last year.
A. had set up B. set up C. has set up D. was set up
3. When I got to the teahouse yesterday, I found nobody there. The get-together ______ because Sally got into a car accident.
A. had cancelled B. was cancelling C. had been cancelled D. has been cancelled
4. Carol didn't want to try the haggis in the canteen because she ______ it before and didn't like the taste.
A. had tried B. has tried C. tried D. was trying
5. No sooner ______ the delicious food than he felt a sudden stomachache.
A. he had swallowed B. had he swallowed C. he swallowed D. did he swallow
6. It was the first time that the foreign tourists ______ the traditional Beijing roast duck.
A. tasted B. has tasted C. had tasted D. taste
7. I asked the waiter if the fresh ingredients ______ from a local organic farm.
A. are bought B. have been bought C. had bought D. had been bought
8. The young man regretted that he ______ so much junk food in his childhood, which led to his health problems.
A. had eaten B. ate C. has eaten D. eats
9. By the end of last month, the new culinary exchange program ______ by more than 500 students.
A. was joined B. had joined C. had been joined D. has been joined
10. Hardly ______ the kitchen when the fire alarm rang loudly.
A. had the chef left B. the chef had left C. has the chef left D. the chef left
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Last year, Chef Gordon opened a successful restaurant in the city center. Before he opened it, he 1.__________ (work) in a fast-food chain for over ten years. During that time, he noticed that a large amount of food 2.__________ (waste) by the time the restaurant closed every day. He wanted to change this unhealthy dining culture.
By the time he 3.__________ (make) his final decision to start a farm-to-table restaurant, he 4.__________ (visit) several local organic farms to ensure the food supply. A beautiful location near the lake 5.__________ (choose) before the interior design started. Surprisingly, he 6.__________ (not inform) his family about the plan until everything was completely ready.
When the restaurant finally opened, the tables 7.__________ (book) fully by curious customers in advance. Actually, it was the first time that many locals 8.__________ (experience) such fresh and healthy organic food. By the end of the first month, thousands of positive reviews 9.__________ (receive) online. Chef Gordon said he was very satisfied and he only wished he 10.__________ (start) the business much earlier.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. B 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。By the time引导的从句用了一般过去时(arrived)，主句动作“售空”发生在我们到达之前，即“过去的过去”，且dishes与sell out是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态(had been sold out)。
2. A 【解析】考查过去完成时。在before引导的过去时间从句(was published)之前发生的动作，应用过去完成时。chef与set up是主动关系，故选A。
3. C 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。发现没人(found)是过去，聚会被取消是在发现之前，是“过去的过去”。且The get-together与cancel是被动关系，故选C。
4. A 【解析】考查过去完成时。不想尝试(didn't want)是过去，以前尝试过(tried... before)是过去的过去，应用had tried。
5. B 【解析】考查倒装和过去完成时。No sooner had + 主语 + done... than... (一……就……)是固定句型，否定词No sooner置于句首需部分倒装，把had提前。
6. C 【解析】考查特定句型。在 It was the first/second time that... 结构中，that从句的谓语动词需用过去完成时(had tasted)。
7. D 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。问(asked)是过去，食材被购买发生在其之前，应用过去完成时，且ingredients与buy是被动关系，故选D。
8. A 【解析】考查过去完成时。后悔(regretted)是过去，吃垃圾食品(ate)发生在童年，是过去的过去，应用had eaten。
9. C 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。时间状语By the end of last month（到上个月底为止）要求主句用过去完成时。program与join是被动关系，故选C。
10. A 【解析】考查倒装和过去完成时。Hardly had + 主语 + done... when... (一……就……)是固定句型，主句需部分倒装，把had提前。
二、语法填空
1. had worked 【解析】考查过去完成时。在他开店(opened it)之前，他在快餐连锁店工作，这是“过去的过去”，填had worked。
2. had been wasted 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。在每天餐厅关门之前(by the time closed)，食物已经被浪费了。food与waste是被动关系，填had been wasted。
3. made 【解析】考查一般过去时。By the time引导时间状语从句，由于整个语境描述的是过去的事情，从句使用一般过去时made。
4. had visited 【解析】考查过去完成时。拜访农场发生在他做最终决定(made)之前，是“过去的过去”，填had visited。
5. had been chosen 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。选址发生在室内设计开始(started)之前，且location与choose是被动关系，填had been chosen。
6. had not informed / hadn't informed 【解析】考查过去完成时。not inform的动作发生在everything was ready之前（直到准备好他才通知），属于过去的过去，填had not informed。
7. had been booked 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。当餐厅最终开业(opened)时，桌子已经被提前(in advance)预订了，被动语态填had been booked。
8. had experienced 【解析】考查固定句型。It was the first time that... 后面的从句必须使用过去完成时，填had experienced。
9. had been received 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。标志词By the end of the first month（到第一个月底为止），主句需用过去完成时，且reviews与receive是被动关系，填had been received。
10. had started 【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句表示对过去事情的虚拟（希望他早就开始了），谓语动词需用过去完成时，填had started。《人教版·英语选择性必修 第二册》UNIT 2 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：名词性从句复习 (Review of noun clauses)。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，主要分为四大类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。本单元对这四类从句进行了系统的复习和归纳，重点考查各类引导词的正确选择以及 `it` 作为形式主语或形式宾语的用法。
语法知识讲解
从句类型 基本规则与用法 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
主语从句
(Subject Clauses) 在复合句中充当主语。常位于句首，或者使用 it 作形式主语将真正的主语从句后置。 【常用句型】： It is important/necessary that... It remains to be seen whether... It is universally acknowledged that... 1. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.
（以前看似奇怪的事，现在对谢蕾来说很正常了。） 2. It is important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.
（谢蕾在学业和社交生活之间保持平衡是很重要的。）
宾语从句
(Object Clauses) 在及物动词或介词之后充当宾语。 如果从句后还有宾语补足语，必须使用 it 作形式宾语，将真正的宾语从句后置。 【易错点】形式宾语 it： 常见结构：find / make / think / consider + it + adj./n. + that... 注意：连词 that 引导宾语从句时常可省略，但在介词后或作形式宾语的真正宾语时通常不省。 1. Her tutor explained (that) she was supposed to read lots of information.
（她的导师解释说她应该阅读大量信息。） 2. He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.
（他清楚地表明他更喜欢学英语。）
表语从句
(Predicative Clauses) 位于连系动词（如 be, seem, look, remain 等）之后，用于说明主语的具体内容。 【重点提示】： that 引导表语从句时，通常不可省略。 表语从句中表示“是否”时只能用 whether，不能用 if。 1. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
（让谢蕾惊讶的是，没过几周她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。——主语从句 + 表语从句）
同位语从句
(Appositive Clauses) 跟在某些抽象名词（如 fact, idea, news, truth, promise, suggestion 等）之后，用于解释或说明该名词的具体内容。 【经典辨析】同位语从句 vs. 定语从句： 1. 同位语从句：that 只起连接作用，不充当成分，解释名词内容。 2. 定语从句：that 代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语，起修饰作用。 1. The fact that he had forgotten his mother tongue worried him.
（他忘记了母语这个事实让他很担忧。——同位语从句，that不充当成分） 2. The news that she told me is true.
（她告诉我的消息是真的。——定语从句，that作told的宾语）
核心引导词辨析 1. that 与 what 的区别： 如果从句句意和成分均完整，填 that；如果从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，且表示“……的事物”，填 what。 2. whether 与 if 的区别： 两者在宾语从句中常可互换，但以下情况只能用 whether： ① 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时；② 放在介词之后作宾语时；③ 直接与 or not 连用时；④ 放在动词不定式 (to do) 之前时。 1. Whether you will succeed depends on your hard work.
（你能否成功取决于你的努力。——主语从句，只能用whether） 2. I have no idea what I should do next.
（我不知道接下来该做什么。——what作do的宾语）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. ______ surprised Xie Lei was ______ she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
2. ______ is important that exchange students keep a balance between their studies and their social life.
A. This B. That C. It D. What
3. The headmaster made ______ clear to the public that the school would invite more foreign teachers.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
4. Her tutor explained to her ______ she was supposed to read lots of information to help form her own opinion.
A. why B. whether C. what D. that
5. It remains to be seen ______ my research paper on Chinese culture will be well received by the professor.
A. that B. whether C. if D. what
6. There is no doubt ______ studying abroad can give students great insights into the world.
A. whether B. if C. that D. why
7. I wonder ______ he asked me to come to the international cultural festival.
A. that B. why C. what D. because
8. ______ the exchange program will start has not been officially announced yet.
A. When B. That C. What D. Which
9. The fact ______ he had forgotten his mother tongue worried his parents deeply.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
10. You can watch some English movies and carefully study ______ native speakers express themselves.
A. how B. what C. that D. which
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，完成名词性从句。
Xie Lei, an exchange student, went to study in London. At first, she had no idea 1.__________ she should say or do in class. But 2.__________ surprised her was 3.__________ she found herself speaking up after just a few weeks. Her tutor told her 4.__________ she was supposed to read lots of information to form her own opinion. She found 5.__________ difficult to understand everything at first, but she kept trying.
It is universally acknowledged 6.__________ studying abroad is a life-changing experience. The fact 7.__________ Xie Lei successfully adapted to the new culture proves her hard work. Now, she is wondering 8.__________ she should take part in more social activities. She knows 9.__________ it is highly important that she keeps a balance between her studies and social life. It remains to be seen 10.__________ she will achieve greater success in the future, but her parents are very proud of her.《人教版·英语选择性必修 第二册》UNIT 2 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：名词性从句复习 (Review of noun clauses)。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，主要分为四大类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。本单元对这四类从句进行了系统的复习和归纳，重点考查各类引导词的正确选择以及 `it` 作为形式主语或形式宾语的用法。
语法知识讲解
从句类型 基本规则与用法 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
主语从句
(Subject Clauses) 在复合句中充当主语。常位于句首，或者使用 it 作形式主语将真正的主语从句后置。 【常用句型】： It is important/necessary that... It remains to be seen whether... It is universally acknowledged that... 1. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.
（以前看似奇怪的事，现在对谢蕾来说很正常了。） 2. It is important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.
（谢蕾在学业和社交生活之间保持平衡是很重要的。）
宾语从句
(Object Clauses) 在及物动词或介词之后充当宾语。 如果从句后还有宾语补足语，必须使用 it 作形式宾语，将真正的宾语从句后置。 【易错点】形式宾语 it： 常见结构：find / make / think / consider + it + adj./n. + that... 注意：连词 that 引导宾语从句时常可省略，但在介词后或作形式宾语的真正宾语时通常不省。 1. Her tutor explained (that) she was supposed to read lots of information.
（她的导师解释说她应该阅读大量信息。） 2. He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.
（他清楚地表明他更喜欢学英语。）
表语从句
(Predicative Clauses) 位于连系动词（如 be, seem, look, remain 等）之后，用于说明主语的具体内容。 【重点提示】： that 引导表语从句时，通常不可省略。 表语从句中表示“是否”时只能用 whether，不能用 if。 1. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
（让谢蕾惊讶的是，没过几周她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。——主语从句 + 表语从句）
同位语从句
(Appositive Clauses) 跟在某些抽象名词（如 fact, idea, news, truth, promise, suggestion 等）之后，用于解释或说明该名词的具体内容。 【经典辨析】同位语从句 vs. 定语从句： 1. 同位语从句：that 只起连接作用，不充当成分，解释名词内容。 2. 定语从句：that 代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语，起修饰作用。 1. The fact that he had forgotten his mother tongue worried him.
（他忘记了母语这个事实让他很担忧。——同位语从句，that不充当成分） 2. The news that she told me is true.
（她告诉我的消息是真的。——定语从句，that作told的宾语）
核心引导词辨析 1. that 与 what 的区别： 如果从句句意和成分均完整，填 that；如果从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，且表示“……的事物”，填 what。 2. whether 与 if 的区别： 两者在宾语从句中常可互换，但以下情况只能用 whether： ① 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时；② 放在介词之后作宾语时；③ 直接与 or not 连用时；④ 放在动词不定式 (to do) 之前时。 1. Whether you will succeed depends on your hard work.
（你能否成功取决于你的努力。——主语从句，只能用whether） 2. I have no idea what I should do next.
（我不知道接下来该做什么。——what作do的宾语）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. ______ surprised Xie Lei was ______ she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
2. ______ is important that exchange students keep a balance between their studies and their social life.
A. This B. That C. It D. What
3. The headmaster made ______ clear to the public that the school would invite more foreign teachers.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
4. Her tutor explained to her ______ she was supposed to read lots of information to help form her own opinion.
A. why B. whether C. what D. that
5. It remains to be seen ______ my research paper on Chinese culture will be well received by the professor.
A. that B. whether C. if D. what
6. There is no doubt ______ studying abroad can give students great insights into the world.
A. whether B. if C. that D. why
7. I wonder ______ he asked me to come to the international cultural festival.
A. that B. why C. what D. because
8. ______ the exchange program will start has not been officially announced yet.
A. When B. That C. What D. Which
9. The fact ______ he had forgotten his mother tongue worried his parents deeply.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
10. You can watch some English movies and carefully study ______ native speakers express themselves.
A. how B. what C. that D. which
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，完成名词性从句。
Xie Lei, an exchange student, went to study in London. At first, she had no idea 1.__________ she should say or do in class. But 2.__________ surprised her was 3.__________ she found herself speaking up after just a few weeks. Her tutor told her 4.__________ she was supposed to read lots of information to form her own opinion. She found 5.__________ difficult to understand everything at first, but she kept trying.
It is universally acknowledged 6.__________ studying abroad is a life-changing experience. The fact 7.__________ Xie Lei successfully adapted to the new culture proves her hard work. Now, she is wondering 8.__________ she should take part in more social activities. She knows 9.__________ it is highly important that she keeps a balance between her studies and social life. It remains to be seen 10.__________ she will achieve greater success in the future, but her parents are very proud of her.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. B 【解析】考查主语从句和表语从句。第一空引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“让谢蕾惊讶的事”，填What；第二空引导表语从句，从句成分和意义完整，填That，仅起连接作用。
2. C 【解析】考查形式主语。It is + adj. + that... 是固定句型，It作形式主语，真正的从句是that后面的内容。
3. D 【解析】考查形式宾语。make it clear that... 是固定结构，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句，clear作宾语补足语。
4. D 【解析】考查宾语从句。explained to her后接宾语从句，从句“she was supposed to read lots of information”成分完整，句意明确，填that，起连接作用。
5. B 【解析】考查主语从句。It remains to be seen... 意为“……还有待观察”。表示“是否会被教授认可”，引导主语从句只能用whether，不能用if。
6. C 【解析】考查同位语从句。There is no doubt that...（毫无疑问……）是固定句型，that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
7. B 【解析】考查宾语从句。根据句意“我想知道他‘为什么’邀请我来参加国际文化节”，从句缺少原因状语，填why。
8. A 【解析】考查主语从句。根据后文has not been officially announced yet（还没有正式宣布），可知句意为“交换生项目‘何时’开始还没有正式宣布”，作时间状语，填When。
9. B 【解析】考查同位语从句。The fact后面的从句“he had forgotten his mother tongue”成分完整，用于解释说明fact的内容，用that引导且不可省略。
10. A 【解析】考查宾语从句。study后面是宾语从句，根据句意“仔细研究母语者是‘如何’表达自己的”，从句缺少方式状语，填how。
二、语法填空
1. what 【解析】考查同位语从句（或宾语从句）。have no idea what... 意为“不知道……”。what在从句中作say or do的宾语。
2. what 【解析】考查主语从句。引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，意为“让她惊讶的事情”，填what。句首首字母需大写（如果此空在句首）。
3. that 【解析】考查表语从句。was后面的表语从句成分和意义均完整，填that，起连接作用。
4. that 【解析】考查宾语从句。told her后接宾语从句，从句成分完整，填that。
5. it 【解析】考查形式宾语。find it adj. to do sth. 结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to understand everything。
6. that 【解析】考查主语从句（形式主语）。It is universally acknowledged that...（大家都公认……），It为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。
7. that 【解析】考查同位语从句。解释说明The fact的具体内容，从句成分完整，填that。
8. whether/if 【解析】考查宾语从句。wondering后面接宾语从句，表示“想知道‘是否’应该参加”，填whether或if均可。
9. that 【解析】考查宾语从句。knows后接宾语从句，从句成分完整（it is highly important that...本身又包含主语从句），引导宾语从句填that。
10. whether 【解析】考查主语从句。It remains to be seen whether...（是否……还有待观察）为固定句型，主语从句中表“是否”只能用whether。《人教版·英语选择性必修 第二册》UNIT 1 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：表语从句 (Predicative Clauses)。表语从句属于名词性从句的一种，在复合句中作表语，位于连系动词（如 be, seem, look, remain, sound 等）之后，用于解释、说明主语的具体内容或状态。表语从句必须使用陈述句语序[1][2]。
语法知识讲解
引导词类型 基本规则与用法 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
that 引导 连词 that 在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有具体的词义，仅起连接作用。 引导表语从句时，that 通常不可省略。 【经典辨析】that 与 what： 如果从句结构完整（不缺主语、宾语或表语），用 that；如果从句缺少成分，且表示“……的事物/内容”，必须用 what。 1. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
（有一种理论认为是浑浊的空气引起了这种疾病。[1]）
whether 引导 连词 whether 意为“是否”，在从句中不充当成分，但有具体意义。 【易错点】whether 与 if： 引导表语从句时，只能用 whether，绝对不能用 if。 1. Her confusion is whether she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way.
（她的困惑在于她是该坚持自己的生活方式还是追随美国人的方式。[1]）
连接代词引导
(who, what, which等) 在从句中起连接作用，同时必须充当主语、宾语或表语等成分，且有具体的词义（谁、什么、哪一个等）。 【注意】what 的特殊性： what 相当于 the thing(s) that，常译为“……的事物/情况/话”。 1. The question is who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm.
（问题是谁会成为这家律师事务所暑期工作的成功申请者。[1]） 2. Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is what is generally called a gap year.
（休学一年去国外旅行就是人们通常所说的“间隔年”。[1]）
连接副词引导
(when, where, why, how) 在从句中起连接作用，同时充当状语（时间、地点、原因、方式）。 【常考固定句型】： That is why...（那就是为什么……——强调结果） That is because...（那是因为……——强调原因） 1. What John Snow was determined to find out was why the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days.
（约翰·斯诺决心查明的是，为什么1854年伦敦暴发的霍乱能在十天内夺去500多人的生命。[1]）
as if / as though 引导 意为“似乎，好像”。常跟在 look, seem, sound, feel 等表感觉的连系动词后面。 【注意】虚拟语气： 如果从句表示的情况与事实相反或不太可能发生，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气。 1. It looks as if it is going to rain.
（看起来好像要下雨了。——表语从句）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is ______ is generally called a gap year.
A. that B. what C. which D. how
2. One theory about the terrible disease in 1854 was ______ bad air caused it.
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
3. The question is ______ will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm.
A. whom B. who C. that D. whichever
4. What John Snow was determined to find out was ______ the 1854 outbreak of cholera could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days.
A. why B. what C. that D. because
5. Her confusion is ______ she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
6. He was caught in a heavy rain yesterday. That is ______ he was absent from the important meeting today.
A. because B. why C. how D. that
7. The dark clouds are gathering in the sky. It looks ______ it is going to pour down soon.
A. even if B. as if C. that D. like
8. A great scientist’s most valuable quality is ______ he never gives up easily when facing tremendous challenges.
A. what B. which C. that D. whether
9. The most difficult problem we are facing right now is ______ we can raise enough funds for the scientific research.
A. how B. what C. that D. because
10. You are driving too fast on the highway. That is ______ you got a speeding ticket from the police.
A. why B. because C. what D. how
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
John Snow was a famous doctor in London. In 1854, a severe outbreak of cholera hit the city. The most puzzling question was 1.__________ the disease spread so quickly among the residents. At that time, one common theory was 2.__________ bad air caused the disease. However, John Snow believed differently. What he was determined to find out was 3.__________ the outbreak could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days in a specific area.
By gathering information and marking the deaths on a map, he found a clear pattern. The truth was 4.__________ the water from the Broad Street pump was to blame. This is 5.__________ made him a great scientist. His discovery proved that cholera was a waterborne disease. From then on, the main concern became 6.__________ the government would remove the handle of the pump. The result was exactly 7.__________ he had expected. The handle was removed, and the outbreak stopped. This is 8.__________ he used scientific methods to solve the problem. His story remains a good example of 9.__________ a scientist should think and act. It also shows 10.__________ science can save thousands of lives.《人教版·英语选择性必修 第二册》UNIT 1 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：表语从句 (Predicative Clauses)。表语从句属于名词性从句的一种，在复合句中作表语，位于连系动词（如 be, seem, look, remain, sound 等）之后，用于解释、说明主语的具体内容或状态。表语从句必须使用陈述句语序[1][2]。
语法知识讲解
引导词类型 基本规则与用法 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译
that 引导 连词 that 在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有具体的词义，仅起连接作用。 引导表语从句时，that 通常不可省略。 【经典辨析】that 与 what： 如果从句结构完整（不缺主语、宾语或表语），用 that；如果从句缺少成分，且表示“……的事物/内容”，必须用 what。 1. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
（有一种理论认为是浑浊的空气引起了这种疾病。[1]）
whether 引导 连词 whether 意为“是否”，在从句中不充当成分，但有具体意义。 【易错点】whether 与 if： 引导表语从句时，只能用 whether，绝对不能用 if。 1. Her confusion is whether she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way.
（她的困惑在于她是该坚持自己的生活方式还是追随美国人的方式。[1]）
连接代词引导
(who, what, which等) 在从句中起连接作用，同时必须充当主语、宾语或表语等成分，且有具体的词义（谁、什么、哪一个等）。 【注意】what 的特殊性： what 相当于 the thing(s) that，常译为“……的事物/情况/话”。 1. The question is who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm.
（问题是谁会成为这家律师事务所暑期工作的成功申请者。[1]） 2. Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is what is generally called a gap year.
（休学一年去国外旅行就是人们通常所说的“间隔年”。[1]）
连接副词引导
(when, where, why, how) 在从句中起连接作用，同时充当状语（时间、地点、原因、方式）。 【常考固定句型】： That is why...（那就是为什么……——强调结果） That is because...（那是因为……——强调原因） 1. What John Snow was determined to find out was why the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days.
（约翰·斯诺决心查明的是，为什么1854年伦敦暴发的霍乱能在十天内夺去500多人的生命。[1]）
as if / as though 引导 意为“似乎，好像”。常跟在 look, seem, sound, feel 等表感觉的连系动词后面。 【注意】虚拟语气： 如果从句表示的情况与事实相反或不太可能发生，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气。 1. It looks as if it is going to rain.
（看起来好像要下雨了。——表语从句）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is ______ is generally called a gap year.
A. that B. what C. which D. how
2. One theory about the terrible disease in 1854 was ______ bad air caused it.
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
3. The question is ______ will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm.
A. whom B. who C. that D. whichever
4. What John Snow was determined to find out was ______ the 1854 outbreak of cholera could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days.
A. why B. what C. that D. because
5. Her confusion is ______ she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
6. He was caught in a heavy rain yesterday. That is ______ he was absent from the important meeting today.
A. because B. why C. how D. that
7. The dark clouds are gathering in the sky. It looks ______ it is going to pour down soon.
A. even if B. as if C. that D. like
8. A great scientist’s most valuable quality is ______ he never gives up easily when facing tremendous challenges.
A. what B. which C. that D. whether
9. The most difficult problem we are facing right now is ______ we can raise enough funds for the scientific research.
A. how B. what C. that D. because
10. You are driving too fast on the highway. That is ______ you got a speeding ticket from the police.
A. why B. because C. what D. how
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
John Snow was a famous doctor in London. In 1854, a severe outbreak of cholera hit the city. The most puzzling question was 1.__________ the disease spread so quickly among the residents. At that time, one common theory was 2.__________ bad air caused the disease. However, John Snow believed differently. What he was determined to find out was 3.__________ the outbreak could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days in a specific area.
By gathering information and marking the deaths on a map, he found a clear pattern. The truth was 4.__________ the water from the Broad Street pump was to blame. This is 5.__________ made him a great scientist. His discovery proved that cholera was a waterborne disease. From then on, the main concern became 6.__________ the government would remove the handle of the pump. The result was exactly 7.__________ he had expected. The handle was removed, and the outbreak stopped. This is 8.__________ he used scientific methods to solve the problem. His story remains a good example of 9.__________ a scientist should think and act. It also shows 10.__________ science can save thousands of lives.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. B 【解析】考查表语从句。is 后面是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指代事物，应用 what。句意为“……就是通常所说的间隔年”。[1]
2. A 【解析】考查表语从句。was 后面是表语从句，从句 “bad air caused it” 结构完整，句意明确，需用只起连接作用的 that。[1]
3. B 【解析】考查表语从句。从句中缺少主语，且指代人，应用 who。句意为“问题是谁会成为暑期工作的成功申请者”。[1]
4. A 【解析】考查表语从句。根据句意“约翰·斯诺决心查明的是，为什么霍乱暴发能在十天内导致500多人死亡”，从句缺少原因状语，用 why。[1]
5. B 【解析】考查表语从句。根据后文的 “or” 可知，表达“是否”的意思。在表语从句中只能用 whether，不能用 if。[1]
6. B 【解析】考查表语从句。前一句是原因（淋了暴雨），后一句是结果（缺席会议）。That is why... 意为“那就是为什么……/那就是……的原因”，强调结果。
7. B 【解析】考查表语从句。It looks as if... 意为“看起来好像……”，是固定句型。连词 as if 引导表语从句。
8. C 【解析】考查表语从句。从句 “he never gives up easily...” 结构完整，句意清晰，用 that 引导表语从句，且不可省略。
9. A 【解析】考查表语从句。句意为“我们目前面临的最困难的问题是，我们如何才能为科研筹集到足够的资金”。根据句意，从句缺少方式状语，用 how。
10. A 【解析】考查表语从句。前句超速是原因，后句吃罚单是结果。That is why... 引导表语从句表示结果。
二、语法填空
1. how 【解析】考查连接副词引导的表语从句。句意：最令人困惑的问题是这种疾病是“如何”在居民中传播得这么快的。作方式状语，填 how。
2. that 【解析】考查连词引导的表语从句。从句 “bad air caused the disease” 结构完整，仅需连接词 that。[1]
3. why 【解析】考查连接副词引导的表语从句。句意：他决心查明的是“为什么”疫情能造成这么多人死亡。填 why。[1]
4. that 【解析】考查连词引导的表语从句。真相是宽街水泵的水是罪魁祸首。从句结构完整，填 that。
5. what 【解析】考查连接代词引导的表语从句。从句中 made 缺少主语，指代“……的事情”，用 what。
6. whether 【解析】考查连词引导的表语从句。句意：主要关注点变成了政府“是否”会拆除水泵的把手。表语从句中表“是否”只能用 whether。
7. what 【解析】考查连接代词引导的表语从句。从句 he had expected 缺少宾语，指代事物，填 what。
8. because 【解析】考查表语从句。This is because... 意为“这是因为……”，前面陈述结果（疫情停止），此句解释原因（使用了科学方法）。
9. how 【解析】考查连接副词引导的宾语从句（作介词of的宾语，同名词性从句考点）。句意：科学家应该“如何”思考和行动。
10. that/how 【解析】考查宾语从句。若指陈述一个事实，填 that（它也表明了科学能够拯救成千上万的生命）；若指方式，填 how（它也展示了科学是如何拯救生命的），两者在语法上均可接受。

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