资源简介

《人教版·英语选择性必修 第四册》UNIT 5 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：复习长难句 (Review of long sentences)。结合本单元“开启职业生涯 (Launching Your Career)”的主题，我们在规划未来、探讨大学专业选择以及撰写求职信或个人简历时，往往需要使用结构多样的句子。英语中的句子按照结构可以分为简单句、并列句、复合句以及并列复合句。正确分析和使用长难句是提升英语阅读理解和写作表达能力的关键。
语法知识讲解
句子类型 结构与特征 重点提示 / 易错点 教材例句及翻译
简单句
(Simple Sentences) 只包含一个主谓结构的句子。 可以有多个主语或多个谓语，也可以带有定语、状语等修饰成分，但核心主干只有一个。 【判断标准】： 无论句子多长，只要没有并列连词连接两个完整句子，且没有从属连词引导从句，就是简单句。 1. Career guidance ought to be included at high school.
（高中应该包括职业指导课程。——一个主语，一个谓语）
并列句
(Compound Sentences) 由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（如 and, but, or, so, for, yet 等）连接而成的句子。 各个分句之间地位平等，互不依附。 【常用并列连词】： and（表顺接），but/yet（表转折），or（表选择），so（表结果），for（表原因）。 1. Becoming a novelist is one of my dreams, and I would also like to be a school teacher.
（成为一名小说家是我的梦想之一，同时我也想成为一名学校教师。）
复合句
(Complex Sentences) 由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。 从句通过从属连词（如 that, which, who, when, if, because, although 等）引导，在句中充当名词、定语或状语。 【常见从句类型】： 1. 名词性从句（主、宾、表、同位） 2. 定语从句 3. 状语从句 1. The famous designer released her new line on Wednesday, which will no doubt start a new fashion trend this year.
（这位著名设计师在周三发布了她的新系列，这无疑将开启今年的新时尚潮流。——定语从句）
并列复合句
(Compound-complex Sentences) 包含两个或两个以上的主句（由并列连词连接），并且至少包含一个从句的句子。 这是英语中最复杂的句子结构。 【长难句破解技巧】： 第一步：找并列连词，划分并列的主句； 第二步：找从属连词，剥离从句； 第三步：分析各部分的主干（主谓宾）。 1. The working hours may not be regular, but the challenges that go with the job really fascinate me.
（工作时间可能不规律，【但是】伴随这份工作而来的挑战深深地吸引了我。——but连接两个主句，that引导定语从句修饰challenges）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择（长难句连词与结构辨析）
1. Career guidance ought to be included at high school, ______ the school should also offer a work experience programme for students.
A. but B. or C. and D. yet
2. June got accepted by her favourite university, ______ she decided to postpone her enrollment and applied to do volunteer work in Africa instead.
A. so B. but C. because D. although
3. Social occupations require communicating with people, ______ often involves helping or providing service to others.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
4. You never know ______ you will be working in the future, so it is wise to learn as much as possible.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
5. Dreaming of becoming somebody great is easy, ______ working to achieve your dream can be quite hard.
A. while B. since C. unless D. if
6. ______ AI is developing rapidly, lawyers, teachers, and receptionists may find their jobs replaced by it in the future.
A. As B. Although C. Even if D. Before
7. The ability to write good articles is vital for reporters, ______ they need to get first-hand information and write them down accurately.
A. though B. as C. until D. so that
8. Schools, government buildings, and community streets are places ______ reporters often show up to do interviews.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
9. ______ reporters obtain the information they need, they start to write their articles immediately.
A. Once B. Unless C. Even though D. In case
10. The working hours of a doctor may not be regular, ______ the challenges and responsibilities ______ go with the job really fascinate me.
A. and; what B. but; that C. so; which D. or; who
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式或适当的词。
Being a reporter is something 1.__________ interests me a lot. Reporters often work both indoors and outdoors. Schools, government buildings, factories, and even community streets are places 2.__________ they show up to do interviews with different sorts of people. Reporters ought to be strong in communication, 3.__________ they need to get first-hand information and opinions. 4.__________ reporters obtain what they need, they start to write their articles. Therefore, the ability to write good articles is vital for reporters 5.__________ well.
The working hours may not be regular, 6.__________ the challenges that go with the job really fascinate 7.__________ (I). I hope that I can major 8.__________ journalism at university next year. 9.__________ (become) a good reporter is one of my dreams, and I will also try my best to acquire the relevant 10.__________ (qualify) before I graduate. By doing so, I believe I can launch a successful career in the future.《人教版·英语选择性必修 第四册》UNIT 5 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：复习长难句 (Review of long sentences)。结合本单元“开启职业生涯 (Launching Your Career)”的主题，我们在规划未来、探讨大学专业选择以及撰写求职信或个人简历时，往往需要使用结构多样的句子。英语中的句子按照结构可以分为简单句、并列句、复合句以及并列复合句。正确分析和使用长难句是提升英语阅读理解和写作表达能力的关键。
语法知识讲解
句子类型 结构与特征 重点提示 / 易错点 教材例句及翻译
简单句
(Simple Sentences) 只包含一个主谓结构的句子。 可以有多个主语或多个谓语，也可以带有定语、状语等修饰成分，但核心主干只有一个。 【判断标准】： 无论句子多长，只要没有并列连词连接两个完整句子，且没有从属连词引导从句，就是简单句。 1. Career guidance ought to be included at high school.
（高中应该包括职业指导课程。——一个主语，一个谓语）
并列句
(Compound Sentences) 由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（如 and, but, or, so, for, yet 等）连接而成的句子。 各个分句之间地位平等，互不依附。 【常用并列连词】： and（表顺接），but/yet（表转折），or（表选择），so（表结果），for（表原因）。 1. Becoming a novelist is one of my dreams, and I would also like to be a school teacher.
（成为一名小说家是我的梦想之一，同时我也想成为一名学校教师。）
复合句
(Complex Sentences) 由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。 从句通过从属连词（如 that, which, who, when, if, because, although 等）引导，在句中充当名词、定语或状语。 【常见从句类型】： 1. 名词性从句（主、宾、表、同位） 2. 定语从句 3. 状语从句 1. The famous designer released her new line on Wednesday, which will no doubt start a new fashion trend this year.
（这位著名设计师在周三发布了她的新系列，这无疑将开启今年的新时尚潮流。——定语从句）
并列复合句
(Compound-complex Sentences) 包含两个或两个以上的主句（由并列连词连接），并且至少包含一个从句的句子。 这是英语中最复杂的句子结构。 【长难句破解技巧】： 第一步：找并列连词，划分并列的主句； 第二步：找从属连词，剥离从句； 第三步：分析各部分的主干（主谓宾）。 1. The working hours may not be regular, but the challenges that go with the job really fascinate me.
（工作时间可能不规律，【但是】伴随这份工作而来的挑战深深地吸引了我。——but连接两个主句，that引导定语从句修饰challenges）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择（长难句连词与结构辨析）
1. Career guidance ought to be included at high school, ______ the school should also offer a work experience programme for students.
A. but B. or C. and D. yet
2. June got accepted by her favourite university, ______ she decided to postpone her enrollment and applied to do volunteer work in Africa instead.
A. so B. but C. because D. although
3. Social occupations require communicating with people, ______ often involves helping or providing service to others.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
4. You never know ______ you will be working in the future, so it is wise to learn as much as possible.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
5. Dreaming of becoming somebody great is easy, ______ working to achieve your dream can be quite hard.
A. while B. since C. unless D. if
6. ______ AI is developing rapidly, lawyers, teachers, and receptionists may find their jobs replaced by it in the future.
A. As B. Although C. Even if D. Before
7. The ability to write good articles is vital for reporters, ______ they need to get first-hand information and write them down accurately.
A. though B. as C. until D. so that
8. Schools, government buildings, and community streets are places ______ reporters often show up to do interviews.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
9. ______ reporters obtain the information they need, they start to write their articles immediately.
A. Once B. Unless C. Even though D. In case
10. The working hours of a doctor may not be regular, ______ the challenges and responsibilities ______ go with the job really fascinate me.
A. and; what B. but; that C. so; which D. or; who
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式或适当的词。
Being a reporter is something 1.__________ interests me a lot. Reporters often work both indoors and outdoors. Schools, government buildings, factories, and even community streets are places 2.__________ they show up to do interviews with different sorts of people. Reporters ought to be strong in communication, 3.__________ they need to get first-hand information and opinions. 4.__________ reporters obtain what they need, they start to write their articles. Therefore, the ability to write good articles is vital for reporters 5.__________ well.
The working hours may not be regular, 6.__________ the challenges that go with the job really fascinate 7.__________ (I). I hope that I can major 8.__________ journalism at university next year. 9.__________ (become) a good reporter is one of my dreams, and I will also try my best to acquire the relevant 10.__________ (qualify) before I graduate. By doing so, I believe I can launch a successful career in the future.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. C 【解析】考查并列句连词。前后两句话表示顺接和补充关系（高中应该包含职业指导，并且学校也应该提供工作体验项目），故选 and。
2. B 【解析】考查并列句连词。琼被最喜欢的大学录取了，【但是】她决定推迟入学去非洲做志愿者。前后句意转折，故选 but。
3. A 【解析】考查复合句（非限制性定语从句）。逗号后引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面“与人沟通”这整件事，在从句中作主语，故用 which。
4. B 【解析】考查复合句（宾语从句）。句意：你永远不知道未来你会在【哪里】工作。在 know 后面的宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故选 where。
5. A 【解析】考查并列句连词。句意：梦想成为大人物很容易，【然而/但是】努力实现梦想可能非常困难。while 在这里作并列连词，表示对比或转折（相当于 but）。
6. A 【解析】考查复合句（原因/时间状语从句）。句意：【随着/因为】人工智能的快速发展，律师、教师等可能发现他们的工作被取代。As 引导原因或伴随状语从句，符合语境。
7. B 【解析】考查复合句（原因状语从句）。写好文章的能力对记者至关重要，【因为】他们需要获取第一手信息。as 引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”。
8. C 【解析】考查复合句（定语从句）。先行词是 places（地点），在定语从句中作地点状语（记者在这些地方出现），故用关系副词 where。
9. A 【解析】考查复合句（时间/条件状语从句）。句意：【一旦】记者获得了所需的信息，他们就会立刻开始写文章。Once 意为“一旦……就……”。
10. B 【解析】考查并列复合句。这是一个典型的并列复合句。前半部分与后半部分形成转折，第一空填 but；第二空引导定语从句修饰 the challenges and responsibilities（物），在从句中作主语，用 that 或 which，故选 B。
二、语法填空
1. that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是不定代词 something，后面接定语从句，在从句中作主语，通常用 that（which 在语法上也对，但修饰不定代词多用 that）。
2. where 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是 places（地点），在从句 “they show up to do interviews” 中作地点状语，填 where。
3. as/because/since/for 【解析】考查原因状语从句/并列句。前后句存在因果关系：“记者沟通能力要强，【因为】他们需要获取第一手信息”。
4. Once/When 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：【一旦/当】记者获得了他们需要的东西，他们就开始写文章。位于句首首字母大写。
5. as 【解析】考查固定搭配。as well 意为“也，同样”，常位于句末。
6. but/yet 【解析】考查并列连词。工作时间可能不规律，【但是】挑战吸引了我。填 but 或 yet 构成并列复合句。
7. me 【解析】考查代词。fascinate（吸引）是及物动词，后面接人称代词的宾格形式 me。
8. in 【解析】考查介词。major in sth. 是固定搭配，意为“主修某专业”。
9. Becoming / To become 【解析】考查非谓语动词作主语。位于句首作主语，表示具体或抽象的一件事，填 Becoming 或 To become，首字母需大写。
10. qualifications 【解析】考查名词。acquire the relevant qualifications 意为“获得相关的资质/学历”。qualify 的名词形式为 qualification，此处用复数 qualifications 表泛指各种资质证书。《人教版·英语选择性必修 第四册》UNIT 4 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：短语复习 (Review of phrases)。在英语中，短语（Phrase）是由两个或两个以上的词组合而成，在句中作为一个整体充当句子成分。常见的短语类型包括名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语和动词短语。结合本单元“分享与志愿服务 (Sharing)”的主题，熟练掌握和运用各类短语能够使我们的语言表达更加生动、丰富、准确，尤其是在讲述援助他人、传递爱心的真实故事时，短语的运用能更细腻地描绘人物情感与场景细节。
语法知识讲解
短语类型 基本构成与特征 重点提示 / 句法功能 教材例句及翻译
名词短语
(Noun Phrase) 以名词或代词为中心词，前后可带有修饰语（如冠词、形容词、数词、定语从句等）。 【句法功能】：在句中主要充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 1. A couple of years ago, Jo worked as a volunteer teacher in Papua New Guinea.
（几年前，乔在巴布亚新几内亚做志愿教师。——作时间状语） 2. Both Jo and I are proud of the work.
（乔和我对这项工作感到自豪。——作主语）
形容词短语
(Adjective Phrase) 以形容词为中心词，前后可带有副词或介词短语等修饰语。 【句法功能】：在句中主要充当表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。 1. The local clinic was pretty seriously in need of medical equipment.
（当地诊所非常严重地缺乏医疗设备。——作表语） 2. She found the experience extremely rewarding.
（她发现这段经历极其有意义。——作宾补）
副词短语
(Adverb Phrase) 以副词为中心词，通常由“程度副词 + 副词”构成。 【句法功能】：在句中主要充当状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。 1. The volunteer teachers worked very hard to help the local students.
（志愿教师们非常努力地工作以帮助当地学生。）
介词短语
(Prepositional Phrase) 由介词及其宾语（名词、代词、动名词等）构成。在英语中极其常见。 【句法功能】：主要充当状语、后置定语、表语和宾语补足语。 1. We decided to buy some gifts in their names as well.
（我们决定也以他们的名义买一些礼物。——作状语） 2. Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life to helping people without expecting anything in return.
（亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩终生致力于帮助他人，而不求任何回报。）
动词短语
(Verb Phrase) 由动词及其修饰语、宾语或“动词+副词/介词”构成。动词短语的积累是高中语法的重中之重。 【常见类型】：
1. 动词 + 副词 (如 pull out, turn up)
2. 动词 + 介词 (如 refer to, depend on)
3. 动宾/动补短语 (如 make a difference) 1. The doctor pulled out the bad tooth for the little boy.
（医生拔掉了小男孩的坏牙。——动副短语） 2. I hope his contribution can make a difference in distant Africa.
（我希望他的贡献能在遥远的非洲产生影响/发挥作用。——动宾短语）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. If we can raise awareness about environmental protection and encourage more people to take action, it will ______.
A. make an excuse B. make sense C. make a difference D. make a living
2. The young volunteer decided to help the community without expecting anything ______.
A. in common B. in return C. in general D. in danger
3. ______ years ago, my wife and I set up a gift catalogue for people to buy gifts for those in need.
A. A couple of B. A great deal of C. A large amount of D. A lot
4. When the boy came to the local clinic with a bad toothache, the volunteer doctor had to ______ the bad tooth for him.
A. point out B. pull out C. pick up D. put away
5. After seeing the poor conditions of the primary school, the group of volunteers felt that the children were pretty seriously ______ of help.
A. in charge B. in favour C. in search D. in need
6. "People's Shoes" is a company which is deeply ______ creating a better world by donating shoes to the poor.
A. committed to B. connected to C. related to D. adapted to
7. To get the most ______ the reading material, you should adjust your speed according to the difficulty of the text.
A. in B. with C. out of D. up to
8. Even though the task was extremely difficult, he didn't complain; ______, he actively sought solutions to the problem.
A. in addition B. instead C. as a result D. in brief
9. The students were encouraged to ______ various voluntary activities during their summer break.
A. participate in B. play with C. part with D. put up with
10. It is ______ you to decide whether we should donate these books to the rural school or not.
A. due to B. up to C. down to D. back to
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A couple of years 1.__________ (ago), Jo went to Papua New Guinea to work as a volunteer teacher. When she first arrived, she found that the local school was pretty 2.__________ (serious) in need of basic supplies. At first, it was difficult for her to adapt 3.__________ the new environment. However, instead 4.__________ complaining, she decided to do something to make a 5.__________ (different).
She set 6.__________ a small reading room for the kids and spent a lot of time helping them with their studies. Since there was no hospital nearby, sometimes she even had to act as a doctor. One day, a young boy came to her with a terrible toothache. Jo had to pull 7.__________ the bad tooth for him! The villagers were very grateful 8.__________ her kindness. To show their appreciation, they brought her fresh local fruits 9.__________ return. Jo felt that volunteering was not just about giving, but also about 10.__________ (share) love and learning from each other.《人教版·英语选择性必修 第四册》UNIT 4 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：短语复习 (Review of phrases)。在英语中，短语（Phrase）是由两个或两个以上的词组合而成，在句中作为一个整体充当句子成分。常见的短语类型包括名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语和动词短语。结合本单元“分享与志愿服务 (Sharing)”的主题，熟练掌握和运用各类短语能够使我们的语言表达更加生动、丰富、准确，尤其是在讲述援助他人、传递爱心的真实故事时，短语的运用能更细腻地描绘人物情感与场景细节。
语法知识讲解
短语类型 基本构成与特征 重点提示 / 句法功能 教材例句及翻译
名词短语
(Noun Phrase) 以名词或代词为中心词，前后可带有修饰语（如冠词、形容词、数词、定语从句等）。 【句法功能】：在句中主要充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 1. A couple of years ago, Jo worked as a volunteer teacher in Papua New Guinea.
（几年前，乔在巴布亚新几内亚做志愿教师。——作时间状语） 2. Both Jo and I are proud of the work.
（乔和我对这项工作感到自豪。——作主语）
形容词短语
(Adjective Phrase) 以形容词为中心词，前后可带有副词或介词短语等修饰语。 【句法功能】：在句中主要充当表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。 1. The local clinic was pretty seriously in need of medical equipment.
（当地诊所非常严重地缺乏医疗设备。——作表语） 2. She found the experience extremely rewarding.
（她发现这段经历极其有意义。——作宾补）
副词短语
(Adverb Phrase) 以副词为中心词，通常由“程度副词 + 副词”构成。 【句法功能】：在句中主要充当状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。 1. The volunteer teachers worked very hard to help the local students.
（志愿教师们非常努力地工作以帮助当地学生。）
介词短语
(Prepositional Phrase) 由介词及其宾语（名词、代词、动名词等）构成。在英语中极其常见。 【句法功能】：主要充当状语、后置定语、表语和宾语补足语。 1. We decided to buy some gifts in their names as well.
（我们决定也以他们的名义买一些礼物。——作状语） 2. Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life to helping people without expecting anything in return.
（亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩终生致力于帮助他人，而不求任何回报。）
动词短语
(Verb Phrase) 由动词及其修饰语、宾语或“动词+副词/介词”构成。动词短语的积累是高中语法的重中之重。 【常见类型】：
1. 动词 + 副词 (如 pull out, turn up)
2. 动词 + 介词 (如 refer to, depend on)
3. 动宾/动补短语 (如 make a difference) 1. The doctor pulled out the bad tooth for the little boy.
（医生拔掉了小男孩的坏牙。——动副短语） 2. I hope his contribution can make a difference in distant Africa.
（我希望他的贡献能在遥远的非洲产生影响/发挥作用。——动宾短语）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. If we can raise awareness about environmental protection and encourage more people to take action, it will ______.
A. make an excuse B. make sense C. make a difference D. make a living
2. The young volunteer decided to help the community without expecting anything ______.
A. in common B. in return C. in general D. in danger
3. ______ years ago, my wife and I set up a gift catalogue for people to buy gifts for those in need.
A. A couple of B. A great deal of C. A large amount of D. A lot
4. When the boy came to the local clinic with a bad toothache, the volunteer doctor had to ______ the bad tooth for him.
A. point out B. pull out C. pick up D. put away
5. After seeing the poor conditions of the primary school, the group of volunteers felt that the children were pretty seriously ______ of help.
A. in charge B. in favour C. in search D. in need
6. "People's Shoes" is a company which is deeply ______ creating a better world by donating shoes to the poor.
A. committed to B. connected to C. related to D. adapted to
7. To get the most ______ the reading material, you should adjust your speed according to the difficulty of the text.
A. in B. with C. out of D. up to
8. Even though the task was extremely difficult, he didn't complain; ______, he actively sought solutions to the problem.
A. in addition B. instead C. as a result D. in brief
9. The students were encouraged to ______ various voluntary activities during their summer break.
A. participate in B. play with C. part with D. put up with
10. It is ______ you to decide whether we should donate these books to the rural school or not.
A. due to B. up to C. down to D. back to
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A couple of years 1.__________ (ago), Jo went to Papua New Guinea to work as a volunteer teacher. When she first arrived, she found that the local school was pretty 2.__________ (serious) in need of basic supplies. At first, it was difficult for her to adapt 3.__________ the new environment. However, instead 4.__________ complaining, she decided to do something to make a 5.__________ (different).
She set 6.__________ a small reading room for the kids and spent a lot of time helping them with their studies. Since there was no hospital nearby, sometimes she even had to act as a doctor. One day, a young boy came to her with a terrible toothache. Jo had to pull 7.__________ the bad tooth for him! The villagers were very grateful 8.__________ her kindness. To show their appreciation, they brought her fresh local fruits 9.__________ return. Jo felt that volunteering was not just about giving, but also about 10.__________ (share) love and learning from each other.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. C 【解析】考查动词短语。make a difference 意为“有影响，起（重要）作用”，符合语境“如果我们能提高环保意识并采取行动，这将会产生很大的影响”。make an excuse 找借口；make sense 有意义，讲得通；make a living 谋生。
2. B 【解析】考查介词短语。in return 意为“作为回报”，without expecting anything in return 意为“不求任何回报”，完美契合志愿服务主题。in common 共有；in general 通常，大体上；in danger 处于危险中。
3. A 【解析】考查名词短语/数量短语。a couple of years ago 意为“几年前”，为教材原句搭配。a great deal of / a large amount of 均修饰不可数名词，不能修饰可数名词复数 years。
4. B 【解析】考查动词短语。pull out 意为“拔出，抽出”，pull out the bad tooth 意为“拔掉坏牙”。point out 指出；pick up 捡起，接送，学会；put away 收起来。
5. D 【解析】考查介词短语。in need of 意为“需要……的”，be seriously in need of help 表示“严重需要帮助”。in charge of 负责；in favour of 支持，赞同；in search of 寻找。
6. A 【解析】考查动词/形容词短语搭配。be committed to doing sth. 意为“承诺做某事，致力于做某事”。句意为“致力于通过捐鞋来创造一个更美好的世界”。be connected to 连接；be related to 与……有关；be adapted to 适应。
7. C 【解析】考查介词短语。get the most out of sth. 意为“充分利用，从……中获得最大收益”，属于教材中要求掌握的短语表达。
8. B 【解析】考查副词短语。instead 意为“相反，反而”，表示他没有抱怨，而是积极寻找解决办法，构成语意转折。in addition 此外；as a result 结果；in brief 简言之。
9. A 【解析】考查动词短语。participate in 意为“参加，参与”，participate in voluntary activities 即“参加志愿活动”。play with 和……一起玩；part with 舍弃；put up with 容忍。
10. B 【解析】考查介词短语。be up to sb. 意为“由某人决定，某人说了算”，符合句意“由你来决定我们是否要把这些书捐给乡村学校”。due to 由于；down to 下降到/归结于。
二、语法填空
1. ago 【解析】考查副词短语搭配。a couple of years ago 意为“几年前”，在句首作时间状语，引出过去发生的事件。
2. seriously 【解析】考查副词修饰语。此处修饰介词短语 in need，意为“严重地”，需用形容词 serious 的副词形式 seriously。
3. to 【解析】考查动词短语搭配。adapt to 意为“适应……”，为固定搭配。
4. of 【解析】考查介词短语。instead of 意为“代替，而不是”，后接动名词 complaining。
5. difference 【解析】考查动名词短语。make a difference 意为“发挥作用，产生影响”，需把形容词 different 变为名词 difference。
6. up 【解析】考查动词短语搭配。set up 意为“建立，设立”，此处指她设立了一个小型阅览室。
7. out 【解析】考查动词短语搭配。pull out 意为“拔出”，pull out the bad tooth 指拔掉坏牙。
8. for 【解析】考查形容词短语搭配。be grateful for sth. 意为“因某事而感激”，是常见的形容词+介词短语搭配。
9. in 【解析】考查介词短语。in return 意为“作为回报”，符合句意“村民们带给她新鲜的当地水果作为回报”。
10. sharing 【解析】考查介词宾语。about 为介词，其后的动词 share 需用动名词形式 sharing，与前面的 giving 构成并列结构。《人教版·英语选择性必修 第四册》UNIT 3 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：复习动词不定式 (Review of the infinitive)。结合本单元“海洋探索 (Sea Exploration)”的主题，我们在描述探险目的、航海计划、科学家的建议以及历史人物的成就时，经常需要使用动词不定式。动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，它保留了动词的部分特性（可带宾语或状语，有时态和语态的变化），同时在句法功能上类似于名词、形容词或副词，可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
语法知识讲解
句法功能 基本规则与用法 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译（结合教材语境）
作主语和宾语 作主语：表示具体某次动作或目的。 作宾语：常跟在 decide, hope, wish, agree, manage, fail, afford 等动词后。 【it作形式主/宾语】： 为避免“头重脚轻”，常使用 it 替代不定式，将真正的不定式短语后置。 1. It is very important to master a foreign language.
（掌握一门外语很重要。——作主语） 2. He finds it very difficult to stand on one foot for a long time.
（他发现长时间单足站立很困难。——作宾语）
作表语和定语 作表语：位于系动词后，解释主语的具体内容，常与 aim, purpose, duty, wish 等词搭配。 作定语：必须后置，修饰名词或代词，表示“将要去做……”或补充说明属性。 【常考定语搭配】： the first / second / last / only sb. to do sth.（第几个做某事的人） have the ability / need / way to do sth. 1. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade.
（这一倡议旨在促进合作与贸易。——作表语） 2. He is always the last one to leave the office.
（他总是最后一个离开办公室的人。——作定语）
作状语 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，常表示目的、结果或原因。 【注意结果状语】： only to find/discover 表示出乎意料或令人失望的最终结果。 1. Many people rush to the new city to look for job opportunities.
（很多人涌入新城市去寻找就业机会。——表目的） 2. A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had greatly changed.
（几年后他回到家乡，结果发现那里发生了很大变化。——表结果）
作宾语补足语 位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语要执行的动作。 常用于 advise, ask, tell, allow, expect, encourage, inspire 等词后。 【省略to的情况】： 在感官动词 (see, hear, watch) 和使役动词 (make, let, have) 后，作宾补的不定式必须省略 to。 1. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes.
（马可·波罗的故事启发了欧洲探险家去寻找海上航线。） 2. We should let them know the truth.
（我们应该让他们知道真相。——省to）
不定式的完成时
与被动语态 完成时 (to have done)：表示不定式的动作发生于谓语动词动作之前。 被动式 (to be done)：表示不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。 【高级组合】： 完成被动式为 to have been done（某事在过去已被做）。 1. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
（能和汤贝一家人度过一天，真是荣幸。——动作已发生） 2. He seemed to have been told the truth.
（他看起来像是已经被告知真相了。——完成且被动）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Marco Polo's tales inspired many European explorers ______ for new sea routes from west to east.
A. search B. to search C. searching D. searched
2. It was such a privilege ______ a wonderful day exploring the historical sites with the local experts yesterday.
A. to spend B. spending C. to have spent D. spent
3. The manager overslept and rushed to the airport, only ______ that his flight to Sydney had already taken off.
A. finding B. to find C. found D. to have found
4. Zheng He was considered ______ the first explorer ______ such a long maritime journey in the 15th century.
A. being; making B. to be; to make C. being; to make D. to be; making
5. He didn't come to the party last night. He seemed ______ the truth about the schedule change.
A. not to tell B. not being told C. not to be told D. not to have been told
6. There is an urgent need ______ the Arctic in order to better understand climate change and its effects on marine life.
A. studying B. to study C. study D. studied
7. The captain finds it very difficult ______ through the dangerous sea areas without the help of advanced radar.
A. navigate B. navigated C. to navigate D. navigating
8. The primary aim of this Belt and Road Initiative is ______ cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas.
A. to encourage B. encouraged C. encouraging D. encourage
9. Are you the only one in your research team ______ the chance to travel in the new deep-sea submersible
A. offer B. to be offered C. offering D. to have offered
10. The young sailor made up his mind ______ all his life to the cause of protecting endangered marine species.
A. dedicating B. dedicated C. dedicate D. to dedicate
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
In the early 15th century, Zheng He led a huge royal fleet 1.__________ (explore) the western seas. The main purpose of his voyages was 2.__________ (build) peaceful relations with other countries and expand trade routes. It took great courage and wisdom for the sailors 3.__________ (overcome) severe storms on the vast ocean. During their long journeys, Zheng He's team was believed 4.__________ (reach) the eastern coast of Africa, bringing silk and porcelain to the locals.
Many decades later, Marco Polo’s tales inspired more European explorers 5.__________ (search) for new sea routes. Adventurers like Magellan proved it possible 6.__________ (sail) completely around the world. We feel it a great privilege 7.__________ (learn) about these great historical figures in class today. Today, scientists find it extremely necessary 8.__________ (continue) deep-sea exploration. Although we have advanced submersibles, there are still countless mysteries for us 9.__________ (uncover) in the dark waters. The government has decided to invest more money 10.__________ (protect) the marine environment before it is too late.《人教版·英语选择性必修 第四册》UNIT 3 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：复习动词不定式 (Review of the infinitive)。结合本单元“海洋探索 (Sea Exploration)”的主题，我们在描述探险目的、航海计划、科学家的建议以及历史人物的成就时，经常需要使用动词不定式。动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，它保留了动词的部分特性（可带宾语或状语，有时态和语态的变化），同时在句法功能上类似于名词、形容词或副词，可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
语法知识讲解
句法功能 基本规则与用法 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及翻译（结合教材语境）
作主语和宾语 作主语：表示具体某次动作或目的。 作宾语：常跟在 decide, hope, wish, agree, manage, fail, afford 等动词后。 【it作形式主/宾语】： 为避免“头重脚轻”，常使用 it 替代不定式，将真正的不定式短语后置。 1. It is very important to master a foreign language.
（掌握一门外语很重要。——作主语） 2. He finds it very difficult to stand on one foot for a long time.
（他发现长时间单足站立很困难。——作宾语）
作表语和定语 作表语：位于系动词后，解释主语的具体内容，常与 aim, purpose, duty, wish 等词搭配。 作定语：必须后置，修饰名词或代词，表示“将要去做……”或补充说明属性。 【常考定语搭配】： the first / second / last / only sb. to do sth.（第几个做某事的人） have the ability / need / way to do sth. 1. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade.
（这一倡议旨在促进合作与贸易。——作表语） 2. He is always the last one to leave the office.
（他总是最后一个离开办公室的人。——作定语）
作状语 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，常表示目的、结果或原因。 【注意结果状语】： only to find/discover 表示出乎意料或令人失望的最终结果。 1. Many people rush to the new city to look for job opportunities.
（很多人涌入新城市去寻找就业机会。——表目的） 2. A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had greatly changed.
（几年后他回到家乡，结果发现那里发生了很大变化。——表结果）
作宾语补足语 位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语要执行的动作。 常用于 advise, ask, tell, allow, expect, encourage, inspire 等词后。 【省略to的情况】： 在感官动词 (see, hear, watch) 和使役动词 (make, let, have) 后，作宾补的不定式必须省略 to。 1. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes.
（马可·波罗的故事启发了欧洲探险家去寻找海上航线。） 2. We should let them know the truth.
（我们应该让他们知道真相。——省to）
不定式的完成时
与被动语态 完成时 (to have done)：表示不定式的动作发生于谓语动词动作之前。 被动式 (to be done)：表示不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。 【高级组合】： 完成被动式为 to have been done（某事在过去已被做）。 1. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
（能和汤贝一家人度过一天，真是荣幸。——动作已发生） 2. He seemed to have been told the truth.
（他看起来像是已经被告知真相了。——完成且被动）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Marco Polo's tales inspired many European explorers ______ for new sea routes from west to east.
A. search B. to search C. searching D. searched
2. It was such a privilege ______ a wonderful day exploring the historical sites with the local experts yesterday.
A. to spend B. spending C. to have spent D. spent
3. The manager overslept and rushed to the airport, only ______ that his flight to Sydney had already taken off.
A. finding B. to find C. found D. to have found
4. Zheng He was considered ______ the first explorer ______ such a long maritime journey in the 15th century.
A. being; making B. to be; to make C. being; to make D. to be; making
5. He didn't come to the party last night. He seemed ______ the truth about the schedule change.
A. not to tell B. not being told C. not to be told D. not to have been told
6. There is an urgent need ______ the Arctic in order to better understand climate change and its effects on marine life.
A. studying B. to study C. study D. studied
7. The captain finds it very difficult ______ through the dangerous sea areas without the help of advanced radar.
A. navigate B. navigated C. to navigate D. navigating
8. The primary aim of this Belt and Road Initiative is ______ cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas.
A. to encourage B. encouraged C. encouraging D. encourage
9. Are you the only one in your research team ______ the chance to travel in the new deep-sea submersible
A. offer B. to be offered C. offering D. to have offered
10. The young sailor made up his mind ______ all his life to the cause of protecting endangered marine species.
A. dedicating B. dedicated C. dedicate D. to dedicate
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
In the early 15th century, Zheng He led a huge royal fleet 1.__________ (explore) the western seas. The main purpose of his voyages was 2.__________ (build) peaceful relations with other countries and expand trade routes. It took great courage and wisdom for the sailors 3.__________ (overcome) severe storms on the vast ocean. During their long journeys, Zheng He's team was believed 4.__________ (reach) the eastern coast of Africa, bringing silk and porcelain to the locals.
Many decades later, Marco Polo’s tales inspired more European explorers 5.__________ (search) for new sea routes. Adventurers like Magellan proved it possible 6.__________ (sail) completely around the world. We feel it a great privilege 7.__________ (learn) about these great historical figures in class today. Today, scientists find it extremely necessary 8.__________ (continue) deep-sea exploration. Although we have advanced submersibles, there are still countless mysteries for us 9.__________ (uncover) in the dark waters. The government has decided to invest more money 10.__________ (protect) the marine environment before it is too late.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. B 【解析】考查不定式作宾语补足语。inspire sb. to do sth. (启发/激励某人做某事) 是固定搭配，故选 to search。
2. C 【解析】考查不定式的完成时。It is/was a privilege to do sth. (做某事是荣幸)。根据时间状语 yesterday 可知，和专家探索遗址的动作发生“在过去（且在说话之前已经完成）”，故使用不定式的完成时 to have spent。
3. B 【解析】考查不定式作结果状语。only to do sth. 常用来表示一个出乎意料或令人失望的客观结果。“赶到机场，结果却发现航班已起飞”，故选 to find。
4. B 【解析】考查不定式作主补和定语。be considered to be (被认为是...)。the first / second / last / only 等修饰名词时，后面需接动词不定式作后置定语（第一个做这事的人），故选 to be; to make。
5. D 【解析】考查不定式的完成被动式。seem to do (看起来像...)。根据语境，没来参加聚会是因为“在此之前”没有被告知真相。动作发生于seem之前（完成时），且he与tell是被动关系（被动语态），否定词not放to前，故选 not to have been told。
6. B 【解析】考查不定式作定语。There is a need to do sth. (有做某事的需要)，不定式 to study 作后置定语修饰名词 need。
7. C 【解析】考查不定式作真正宾语。find it + adj. + to do sth. 句型中，it为形式宾语，真正宾语为后面的动词不定式 to navigate（航行）。
8. A 【解析】考查不定式作表语。主语 The primary aim (主要目的) 后接系动词 is，后面跟不定式 to encourage 作表语，解释目的的具体内容。
9. B 【解析】考查不定式的被动式作定语。the only one 后跟不定式作定语。且你（you）是被提供机会的一方（被动），故选 to be offered。
10. D 【解析】考查不定式作宾语。make up one's mind to do sth. (下定决心做某事)，不定式 to dedicate 作动词短语 make up one's mind 的宾语。
二、语法填空
1. to explore 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。郑和率领庞大舰队的目的是“去探索西洋”，填 to explore。
2. to build 【解析】考查不定式作表语。主语为 The main purpose，后跟不定式解释目的的具体内容，填 to build。
3. to overcome 【解析】考查不定式作真正主语。It takes courage/time for sb. to do sth.，it作形式主语，填 to overcome。
4. to have reached 【解析】考查不定式的完成时。be believed to do sth. 是固定句型。郑和船队到达非洲东海岸是发生在过去（被人们相信之前）的动作，需用不定式的完成时 to have reached。
5. to search 【解析】考查不定式作宾语补足语。inspire sb. to do sth. (激励某人去做...)，填 to search。
6. to sail 【解析】考查不定式作真正宾语。prove it possible to do sth. 中，it为形式宾语，真正宾语填 to sail。
7. to learn 【解析】考查不定式作真正宾语。feel it a great privilege to do sth. 中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语填 to learn。
8. to continue 【解析】考查不定式作真正宾语。find it necessary to do sth. 中，填 to continue。
9. to uncover 【解析】考查不定式作定语。There are mysteries for us to uncover (有谜团等我们去揭开)，不定式作后置定语修饰 mysteries，填 to uncover。
10. to protect 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语（或作动词decide的宾补成分延伸）。invest money to do sth. 表示“投资资金去做某事”（表目的），填 to protect。《人教版·英语选择性必修 第四册》UNIT 2 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：复习过去分词 (Review of past participles)。结合本单元“标志性景点 (Iconic Attractions)”的主题，在描述景点的地理位置、历史背景或游客的感受时，经常需要使用过去分词。过去分词（-ed形式）是非谓语动词的一种，具有动词的性质，同时兼具形容词和副词的特征。它在句中主要用作定语、状语、宾语补足语和表语，通常表示“被动”和“完成”的意义。
语法知识讲解
句法功能 基本规则与用法 重点提示 / 易错点 教材例句及翻译
作状语
(Adverbial) 修饰谓语动词，说明动作发生的时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。 分词的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，且两者之间是被动关系。 【解题技巧】： 1. 找主语；2. 判语态（被动用 -ed，主动用 -ing）。 过去分词作状语常位于句首。 1. Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it’s...
（它位于赤道以南，在地球上许多其他国家的下方……——表地理位置） 2. Seen from the top of the Tiger Hill, the city of Suzhou was very beautiful.
（从虎丘上俯瞰，苏州城非常美。——表时间/条件） 3. Encouraged by her English teacher, Lisa soon caught up with her classmates.
（在英语老师的鼓励下，莉萨很快赶上了同学。——表原因）
作定语
(Attribute) 修饰名词或代词。表示该名词是被动承受某动作，或者该动作已经完成。 位置：单个过去分词通常前置；过去分词短语必须后置。 【语用转换】： 过去分词作后置定语，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 例如：the book written by him = the book that was written by him. 1. The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer’s games.
（从全国选拔出来的运动员预计会在这次夏季比赛中给我们带来荣誉。——后置定语） 2. When the delayed flight takes off depends mainly on the weather.
（延误的航班何时起飞主要看天气。——前置定语）
作宾语补足语
(Object Complement) 用于补充说明宾语的状态，表示宾语是动作的承受者（即宾补与宾语呈被动关系）。 【常考动词】： 1. 使役动词：have, get, make, leave, keep 2. 感官动词：see, watch, hear, find, notice 1. When speaking or writing to someone, do your best to make yourself understood.
（说话或写文章时，应该尽最大努力让别人明白自己的意思。——make + 宾语 + done） 2. I heard the door pulled open.
（我听见门被拉开了。——hear + 宾语 + done）
作表语
(Predicative) 置于系动词（如 be, get, become, feel, look, seem 等）之后，表示主语的状态或心理感受。 【辨析：-ed 与 -ing 形容词】： -ed 通常修饰人（感到……的）； -ing 通常修饰物（令人……的）。 1. Greatly shocked, Jeff couldn’t speak a word.
（由于受到惊吓，杰夫一句话也说不出来。——作状语兼表主语状态） 2. The tourists were fascinated by the amazing scenery of the Great Barrier Reef.
（游客们被大堡礁迷人的景色迷住了。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. ______ to the south of the equator, Australia is a popular tourist destination offering unique natural landscapes.
A. Locating B. Located C. To locate D. Locate
2. ______ from the top of the Sydney Tower, the city looks absolutely fantastic, especially at night.
A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See
3. When speaking to a foreigner, you should do your best to make yourself ______.
A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. to understand
4. The tourists ______ from the whole country are extremely excited about the upcoming trip to Cape Town.
A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. select
5. ______ by her English teacher, Lisa soon caught up with her classmates and even won the speech contest.
A. Encouraging B. Encouraged C. To encourage D. Encourage
6. He had his camera ______ during the trip to the Great Barrier Reef so that he could take high-quality photos.
A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. to repair
7. When the ______ flight takes off depends mainly on whether the weather will improve in the next hour.
A. delay B. delaying C. to delay D. delayed
8. ______ with many unexpected challenges, the explorers didn't give up their sea exploration.
A. Facing B. Faced C. Face D. To face
9. I heard the door ______ open and saw a strange man walking into the museum quietly.
A. pulling B. pulled C. pull D. to pull
10. The old man went into the exhibition hall, ______ by his grandson who was carrying a heavy bag.
A. following B. followed C. to follow D. follow
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Last summer, my family travelled to Australia, a beautiful country 1.__________ (locate) to the south of the equator. 2.__________ (know) for its iconic attractions, Australia attracts millions of visitors every year. While visiting the Sydney Opera House, I was deeply 3.__________ (impress) by its unique shape. 4.__________ (compare) with other modern buildings, it looks like giant sailing ships. During the trip, I kept my schedule 5.__________ (pack) with various sightseeing activities.
One day, we went to an amazing wildlife park. 6.__________ (surround) by lovely unique animals like kangaroos and koalas, we felt extremely 7.__________ (excite). I even had my picture 8.__________ (take) with a sleeping koala. However, 9.__________ (exhaust) from the long walk and the hot weather, we decided to return to our hotel early in the afternoon. The local guide 10.__________ (hire) by our group was very helpful and made our journey perfect. What a memorable trip!《人教版·英语选择性必修 第四册》UNIT 2 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：复习过去分词 (Review of past participles)。结合本单元“标志性景点 (Iconic Attractions)”的主题，在描述景点的地理位置、历史背景或游客的感受时，经常需要使用过去分词。过去分词（-ed形式）是非谓语动词的一种，具有动词的性质，同时兼具形容词和副词的特征。它在句中主要用作定语、状语、宾语补足语和表语，通常表示“被动”和“完成”的意义。
语法知识讲解
句法功能 基本规则与用法 重点提示 / 易错点 教材例句及翻译
作状语
(Adverbial) 修饰谓语动词，说明动作发生的时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。 分词的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，且两者之间是被动关系。 【解题技巧】： 1. 找主语；2. 判语态（被动用 -ed，主动用 -ing）。 过去分词作状语常位于句首。 1. Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it’s...
（它位于赤道以南，在地球上许多其他国家的下方……——表地理位置） 2. Seen from the top of the Tiger Hill, the city of Suzhou was very beautiful.
（从虎丘上俯瞰，苏州城非常美。——表时间/条件） 3. Encouraged by her English teacher, Lisa soon caught up with her classmates.
（在英语老师的鼓励下，莉萨很快赶上了同学。——表原因）
作定语
(Attribute) 修饰名词或代词。表示该名词是被动承受某动作，或者该动作已经完成。 位置：单个过去分词通常前置；过去分词短语必须后置。 【语用转换】： 过去分词作后置定语，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 例如：the book written by him = the book that was written by him. 1. The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer’s games.
（从全国选拔出来的运动员预计会在这次夏季比赛中给我们带来荣誉。——后置定语） 2. When the delayed flight takes off depends mainly on the weather.
（延误的航班何时起飞主要看天气。——前置定语）
作宾语补足语
(Object Complement) 用于补充说明宾语的状态，表示宾语是动作的承受者（即宾补与宾语呈被动关系）。 【常考动词】： 1. 使役动词：have, get, make, leave, keep 2. 感官动词：see, watch, hear, find, notice 1. When speaking or writing to someone, do your best to make yourself understood.
（说话或写文章时，应该尽最大努力让别人明白自己的意思。——make + 宾语 + done） 2. I heard the door pulled open.
（我听见门被拉开了。——hear + 宾语 + done）
作表语
(Predicative) 置于系动词（如 be, get, become, feel, look, seem 等）之后，表示主语的状态或心理感受。 【辨析：-ed 与 -ing 形容词】： -ed 通常修饰人（感到……的）； -ing 通常修饰物（令人……的）。 1. Greatly shocked, Jeff couldn’t speak a word.
（由于受到惊吓，杰夫一句话也说不出来。——作状语兼表主语状态） 2. The tourists were fascinated by the amazing scenery of the Great Barrier Reef.
（游客们被大堡礁迷人的景色迷住了。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. ______ to the south of the equator, Australia is a popular tourist destination offering unique natural landscapes.
A. Locating B. Located C. To locate D. Locate
2. ______ from the top of the Sydney Tower, the city looks absolutely fantastic, especially at night.
A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See
3. When speaking to a foreigner, you should do your best to make yourself ______.
A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. to understand
4. The tourists ______ from the whole country are extremely excited about the upcoming trip to Cape Town.
A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. select
5. ______ by her English teacher, Lisa soon caught up with her classmates and even won the speech contest.
A. Encouraging B. Encouraged C. To encourage D. Encourage
6. He had his camera ______ during the trip to the Great Barrier Reef so that he could take high-quality photos.
A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. to repair
7. When the ______ flight takes off depends mainly on whether the weather will improve in the next hour.
A. delay B. delaying C. to delay D. delayed
8. ______ with many unexpected challenges, the explorers didn't give up their sea exploration.
A. Facing B. Faced C. Face D. To face
9. I heard the door ______ open and saw a strange man walking into the museum quietly.
A. pulling B. pulled C. pull D. to pull
10. The old man went into the exhibition hall, ______ by his grandson who was carrying a heavy bag.
A. following B. followed C. to follow D. follow
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Last summer, my family travelled to Australia, a beautiful country 1.__________ (locate) to the south of the equator. 2.__________ (know) for its iconic attractions, Australia attracts millions of visitors every year. While visiting the Sydney Opera House, I was deeply 3.__________ (impress) by its unique shape. 4.__________ (compare) with other modern buildings, it looks like giant sailing ships. During the trip, I kept my schedule 5.__________ (pack) with various sightseeing activities.
One day, we went to an amazing wildlife park. 6.__________ (surround) by lovely unique animals like kangaroos and koalas, we felt extremely 7.__________ (excite). I even had my picture 8.__________ (take) with a sleeping koala. However, 9.__________ (exhaust) from the long walk and the hot weather, we decided to return to our hotel early in the afternoon. The local guide 10.__________ (hire) by our group was very helpful and made our journey perfect. What a memorable trip!
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. B 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语 Australia 与 locate（使位于）之间是被动关系（澳大利亚坐落于/被置于），故用过去分词 Located 作地点状语。
2. A 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语 the city 与 see 之间是被动关系（城市从悉尼塔顶被俯瞰），用过去分词 Seen 作条件/时间状语。
3. B 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。make oneself understood 是固定表达，意为“让别人明白自己的意思”。宾语 yourself 与 understand 之间是被动关系，填 understood。
4. C 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。The tourists 与 select 之间是被动关系（被选拔出来的游客），且动作已完成，故用过去分词 selected 作后置定语修饰 tourists。
5. B 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语 Lisa 与 encourage 之间是被动关系（莉萨受到鼓励），用过去分词 Encouraged 作原因状语。
6. C 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。have sth. done 表示“让某事被做/请人做某事”。宾语 his camera 与 repair 之间是被动关系，填 repaired。
7. D 【解析】考查过去分词作前置定语。修饰名词 flight，表示“被延误的航班”，单个过去分词前置，填 delayed。
8. B 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。be faced with... 是固定搭配，意为“面临……”。此处用过去分词 Faced 作状语，主语 the explorers 是动作承受者。
9. B 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。hear sth. done 表示“听到某物被……”。宾语 the door 与 pull 之间是被动关系，填 pulled。
10. B 【解析】考查过去分词作伴随状语。主语 The old man 与 follow 之间是被动关系（老人被孙子跟着），用过去分词 followed 作伴随状语。
二、语法填空
1. located 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。修饰名词 country，country与 locate 是被动关系，表示“坐落于……的国家”，填 located。
2. Known 【解析】考查过去分词作原因状语。主语 Australia 与 know 之间是被动关系（因……而为人所知），用过去分词 Known，位于句首首字母需大写。
3. impressed 【解析】考查过去分词作表语（或被动语态）。be impressed by... 意为“对……印象深刻”，用 impressed。
4. Compared 【解析】考查过去分词作条件/方式状语。主语 it (Sydney Opera House) 与 compare 之间是被动关系（与……被比较），填 Compared，首字母大写。
5. packed 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。keep sth. packed with... 意为“让某物塞满/排满……”。宾语 my schedule 与 pack 是被动关系，填 packed。
6. Surrounded 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。主语 we 与 surround 之间是被动关系（我们被动物环绕），填 Surrounded，首字母大写。
7. excited 【解析】考查过去分词作表语。feel excited 意为“感到兴奋”，修饰人，用 -ed 形式 excited。
8. taken 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。have sth. done 意为“让某事被做”。宾语 my picture 与 take 是被动关系（照片被拍），填 taken。
9. exhausted 【解析】考查过去分词作原因状语。主语 we 是 exhaust (使精疲力尽) 的动作承受者，表示“由于感到精疲力尽”，填 exhausted。
10. hired 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。修饰名词 guide，两者是被动关系（被我们团雇佣的导游），且动作已完成，填 hired。《人教版·英语选择性必修 第四册》UNIT 1 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：被动语态复习 (Review of the passive voice)。结合本单元“科幻小说 (Science Fiction)”的主题，在描述科技发展、机器人的应用或阐述科学事实时，往往需要强调动作的承受者或使行文更加客观、正式，这时常常使用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构为“be + 动词过去分词 (done)”。
语法知识讲解
时态类型 被动语态构成结构 重点提示 / 时间标志词 例句及翻译（结合教材语境）
一般时态的
被动语态 一般现在时：am/is/are + done 一般过去时：was/were + done 一般将来时：will be + done / am/is/are going to be + done 【常考标志词】： 1. often, usually, currently 2. yesterday, last month/year 3. tomorrow, in the future 1. Topics like life in the future are often found in sci-fi.
（关于未来生活的话题经常在科幻小说中被发现。） 2. Janet was elected chairwoman last month.
（珍妮特上个月被选为学生会主席。） 3. A 3,000-seat venue will be built in November.
（一个3000座的场馆将在11月被建造。）
进行时态的
被动语态 现在进行时：am/is/are + being + done 过去进行时：was/were + being + done 【语用功能】： 强调某动作“正在被进行”。 注意不要漏掉结构中的 being。 1. Continuous research is being conducted on smart homes.
（关于智能家居的研究正在被持续开展。） 2. When I came here at this time last year, the conference hall was being built.
（去年这个时候我来这里时，会议大厅正在被建造。）
完成时态的
被动语态 现在完成时：have/has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done 【常考标志词】： 1. since, for + 时间段, so far 2. by the time + 过去时 / by the end of + 过去时间 1. Working efficiency has been improved since this new software was adopted.
（自从采用这款新软件以来，工作效率已经得到了提高。） 2. When I entered the room, I found that the salesman's salary had been discussed.
（我进房间时，发现销售员的薪水已经被讨论过了。）
情态动词及非谓语的被动 情态动词：can/must/should/may + be + done 不定式被动：to + be + done 【易错点】： 含情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，助动词 be 必须使用原形。 1. Mobile phones must be switched off during the concert.
（音乐会期间必须关掉手机。） 2. It is a great honour for me to be invited to address this international AI conference.
（我非常荣幸能被邀请在这次国际人工智能会议上发表演讲。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Working efficiency ______ greatly since this new AI software was adopted by the company.
A. improved B. has improved C. has been improved D. had been improved
2. What is done cannot ______.
A. undo B. be undoing C. undone D. be undone
3. Do you know which country ______ by Italy, Austria, Germany, and France
A. bordered B. is bordered C. borders D. has bordered
4. When I came here at this time last year, the new conference hall ______.
A. is built B. was building C. was being built D. had been built
5. A new 3,000-seat venue ______ for the sci-fi movie exhibition in November next year.
A. will build B. builds C. is building D. will be built
6. Please remember that all mobile phones must ______ during the piano concert.
A. switch off B. be switched off C. switching off D. switched off
7. It is a great honour for our team ______ to address this international science fiction conference.
A. to invite B. inviting C. to be invited D. invited
8. When I entered the meeting room, I found that the issue about robot development ______ by the experts.
A. was being discussed B. is discussing C. discussed D. has been discussed
9. Only one piece of carry-on luggage ______ for each economy class passenger on this flight.
A. allows B. allowed C. is allowing D. is allowed
10. It ______ that more species will become extinct if we continue to destroy the ecosystem.
A. assumes B. assumed C. is assumed D. is assuming
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Topics like life in the future, AI development, and aliens 1.__________ (often find) in science fiction. Currently, continuous research 2.__________ (conduct) on smart schools, smart homes, and smart cities all over the world.
Recently, a new sci-fi movie 3.__________ (release) in the local cinema, and it was warmly welcomed. In the movie, the earth 4.__________ (attack) by advanced aliens, but finally the enemies 5.__________ (defeat) by a group of brave human heroes. Many advanced weapons 6.__________ (use) in the fierce battle. By the time the heroes arrived, the city 7.__________ (destroy) completely. The director said that a sequel (续集) 8.__________ (film) next year. It is a great honour for the actors 9.__________ (invite) to play the roles again. It 10.__________ (note) that the exact release date has not been decided yet.《人教版·英语选择性必修 第四册》UNIT 1 重点语法知识归纳
本单元核心语法点为：被动语态复习 (Review of the passive voice)。结合本单元“科幻小说 (Science Fiction)”的主题，在描述科技发展、机器人的应用或阐述科学事实时，往往需要强调动作的承受者或使行文更加客观、正式，这时常常使用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构为“be + 动词过去分词 (done)”。
语法知识讲解
时态类型 被动语态构成结构 重点提示 / 时间标志词 例句及翻译（结合教材语境）
一般时态的
被动语态 一般现在时：am/is/are + done 一般过去时：was/were + done 一般将来时：will be + done / am/is/are going to be + done 【常考标志词】： 1. often, usually, currently 2. yesterday, last month/year 3. tomorrow, in the future 1. Topics like life in the future are often found in sci-fi.
（关于未来生活的话题经常在科幻小说中被发现。） 2. Janet was elected chairwoman last month.
（珍妮特上个月被选为学生会主席。） 3. A 3,000-seat venue will be built in November.
（一个3000座的场馆将在11月被建造。）
进行时态的
被动语态 现在进行时：am/is/are + being + done 过去进行时：was/were + being + done 【语用功能】： 强调某动作“正在被进行”。 注意不要漏掉结构中的 being。 1. Continuous research is being conducted on smart homes.
（关于智能家居的研究正在被持续开展。） 2. When I came here at this time last year, the conference hall was being built.
（去年这个时候我来这里时，会议大厅正在被建造。）
完成时态的
被动语态 现在完成时：have/has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done 【常考标志词】： 1. since, for + 时间段, so far 2. by the time + 过去时 / by the end of + 过去时间 1. Working efficiency has been improved since this new software was adopted.
（自从采用这款新软件以来，工作效率已经得到了提高。） 2. When I entered the room, I found that the salesman's salary had been discussed.
（我进房间时，发现销售员的薪水已经被讨论过了。）
情态动词及非谓语的被动 情态动词：can/must/should/may + be + done 不定式被动：to + be + done 【易错点】： 含情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，助动词 be 必须使用原形。 1. Mobile phones must be switched off during the concert.
（音乐会期间必须关掉手机。） 2. It is a great honour for me to be invited to address this international AI conference.
（我非常荣幸能被邀请在这次国际人工智能会议上发表演讲。）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择
1. Working efficiency ______ greatly since this new AI software was adopted by the company.
A. improved B. has improved C. has been improved D. had been improved
2. What is done cannot ______.
A. undo B. be undoing C. undone D. be undone
3. Do you know which country ______ by Italy, Austria, Germany, and France
A. bordered B. is bordered C. borders D. has bordered
4. When I came here at this time last year, the new conference hall ______.
A. is built B. was building C. was being built D. had been built
5. A new 3,000-seat venue ______ for the sci-fi movie exhibition in November next year.
A. will build B. builds C. is building D. will be built
6. Please remember that all mobile phones must ______ during the piano concert.
A. switch off B. be switched off C. switching off D. switched off
7. It is a great honour for our team ______ to address this international science fiction conference.
A. to invite B. inviting C. to be invited D. invited
8. When I entered the meeting room, I found that the issue about robot development ______ by the experts.
A. was being discussed B. is discussing C. discussed D. has been discussed
9. Only one piece of carry-on luggage ______ for each economy class passenger on this flight.
A. allows B. allowed C. is allowing D. is allowed
10. It ______ that more species will become extinct if we continue to destroy the ecosystem.
A. assumes B. assumed C. is assumed D. is assuming
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Topics like life in the future, AI development, and aliens 1.__________ (often find) in science fiction. Currently, continuous research 2.__________ (conduct) on smart schools, smart homes, and smart cities all over the world.
Recently, a new sci-fi movie 3.__________ (release) in the local cinema, and it was warmly welcomed. In the movie, the earth 4.__________ (attack) by advanced aliens, but finally the enemies 5.__________ (defeat) by a group of brave human heroes. Many advanced weapons 6.__________ (use) in the fierce battle. By the time the heroes arrived, the city 7.__________ (destroy) completely. The director said that a sequel (续集) 8.__________ (film) next year. It is a great honour for the actors 9.__________ (invite) to play the roles again. It 10.__________ (note) that the exact release date has not been decided yet.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. C 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。since 引导的时间状语从句通常配合主句的现在完成时。主语 Working efficiency（工作效率）与 improve 之间是被动关系，故选 has been improved。
2. D 【解析】考查情态动词的被动语态。cannot 后接动词原形，主语 What is done（做过的事）与 undo（撤销/取消）之间是被动关系，故选 be undone。句意：覆水难收/做过的事无法挽回。
3. B 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：你知道哪个国家被意大利、奥地利、德国和法国所环绕吗？陈述客观地理事实，用一般现在时，country 与 border 之间是被动关系，故选 is bordered。
4. C 【解析】考查过去进行时的被动语态。at this time last year 表示过去某一个具体时刻正在发生的动作。会议厅与 build 之间是被动关系，故选 was being built。
5. D 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。in November next year 表示将来的时间，场馆被建造，故选 will be built。
6. B 【解析】考查情态动词的被动语态。must 后接动词原形，手机是被关掉的，故选 be switched off。
7. C 【解析】考查动词不定式的被动语态。It is a great honour for sb. to do sth. 为固定句型，我们的团队是“被邀请”的，故使用不定式的被动式 to be invited。
8. A 【解析】考查过去进行时的被动语态。当“我”进入房间的时候，发现关于机器人发展的问题“正在被讨论”。主句谓语 entered 是过去时，从句动作当时正在发生，故选 was being discussed。
9. D 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。陈述航空公司的规定（一般事实），主语 luggage 与 allow 之间是被动关系，且为不可数名词，谓语用单数，故选 is allowed。
10. C 【解析】考查形式主语及被动语态。It is assumed that... 意为“人们认为/假定……”，It为形式主语，that 引导真正的主语从句，固定被动句型。
二、语法填空
1. are often found 【解析】陈述一般事实，主语 Topics（复数）与 find 之间为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。
2. is being conducted 【解析】由 Currently（目前/当前）可知动作正在进行，主语 continuous research（不可数）与 conduct 之间为被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态。
3. was released 【解析】Recently 此处结合后半句的 was warmly welcomed，指过去刚刚发生的事，主语 movie 被上映，用一般过去时的被动语态。
4. was attacked 【解析】描述电影中发生的情节或过去的事，地球“被攻击”，用一般过去时的被动语态。
5. were defeated 【解析】敌人“被击败”，主语 enemies 为复数，用一般过去时的被动语态。
6. were used 【解析】武器“被使用”，主语 weapons 为复数，用一般过去时的被动语态。
7. had been destroyed 【解析】By the time + 一般过去时（arrived）引导从句，主句动作发生在“过去的过去”，城市“被摧毁”，应用过去完成时的被动语态。
8. would be filmed 【解析】主句谓语 said 是过去时，宾语从句中有 next year，应用过去将来时。续集“被拍摄”，用过去将来时的被动语态。
9. to be invited 【解析】It is a great honour for sb. to do sth.，演员是“被邀请”，用不定式的被动式 to be invited。
10. should be noted 【解析】固定句型 It should be noted that... 意为“应当注意的是……”。情态动词 should 加 be done 构成被动语态。

展开更多......

收起↑