资源简介

(共26张PPT)
○选择性必修三○
Unit 3
Environmental Protection
Reading and Thinking
Language Points
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
现在完成时的时间标志词
O1
含doubt的句式
O2
along with就远原则
O3
定语从句（先行词all）
O4
appear/seem to have done
O5
V-ing作结果状语
O6
虚拟条件状语从句
O7
数量修饰语
O8
We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.
我们几十年前就知道气候变化了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和（见图表）。海洋变暖和大气变暖以及冰川融化和海平面上升是全球气候的急剧变化的证据。
几十年
气候变化
There is little doubt that ... 毫无疑问...，that引导同位语从句
比较级+比较级 越来越...
与…一起
V-ing作定语
V-ing作定语
v. （使）熔化，融化
n. 证据，证明
adj. 巨大而突然的，急剧的
Para.1
Para.1
1. 现在完成时 have/has done
时间标志词： 1.for +一段时间
2.since+过去时间/过去式句子
3. in/over/during the past/last/recent years
在过去的/最近的几年里
4.recently,already,yet/never,ever...
5.so far,up to now....
1. I _____________(study) English for 9 years.
2.I______________(study) English since I was in Grade 3.
3.My English___________________(improve) in the recent weeks.
have studied
have studied
has been improved
Para.1
2. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
There is little doubt that... 几乎没有疑问的是……
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问的是……
There is some doubt whether... 是否…是有疑问的
Sb has/have no doubt that... 某人对……毫无疑问
I don't/never doubt that... 我确信……
I doubt whether/if... 我怀疑……
that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容
注意：doubt前有否定意义的词修饰时，其后的同位语从句由that引导；doubt前有肯定意义的词修饰时，其后的同位语从句由whether或if引导。
①There is some doubt ________ I can inspire him to study hard to achieve his goal.
②[2021·浙江高考读后续写]I doubted __________ my parents would agree that I had the right to manage my earnings.
[写美]——一句多译
[2020·全国Ⅱ卷书面表达]毫无疑问，用自己的双手劳动而不是依靠别人是非常有意义的。
③There is no doubt that it is very meaningful to work with our own hands rather than depend on others. (doubt n．)
④毫无疑问，当你筋疲力尽时，一杯茶可以使你精力充沛。
There is no doubt that a cup of tea can make you dynamic when you are worn out.
whether
whether/if
=We don't doubt that
毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。
毫无疑问，约翰的敏捷思维和急救技能挽救了玛丽的生命。
毫无疑问这个人很难相处，因为他是如此顽固的一个人。
There is no doubt that this candidate ' s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English .
There is little doubt that John ' s quick thinking and the first aid skills saved Mary ' s life .
There is no doubt that the man isn ' t easy to get along with because he is such a stubborn man .
3. A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. (P26)
句式分析
along with 连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词应和________那个主语保持一致，即“就远原则”。
前面的
海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。
Jim, along with his classmates, has seen the film.
就远原则
1个“还有”
as well as
2个“侏儒”
such as
like
3个“赞”
rather than
more than
no less than
“和”4个（笨蛋）
“除了”5个（坏蛋）
along with
with
together with
combined with
but
except
besides
in addition to
apart from
1. A library with five thousand books _________(offer) to the nation as a gift.
2. All but one _____ (be) here just now.(一个除外)
3. WeChat, as well as Ding Talk, __________ (play) an important part in daily communication nowadays.
4.The woman, along with two children, (come) here every day
is offered
were
is playing
comes
In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
2013年，一张在挪威北极地区的斯瓦尔巴群岛上发现了一只北极熊尸体的新闻照片让很多人震惊。根据发现这只北极熊尸体的科学家的说法，这只北极熊只剩下“皮包骨头”了。一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从它尸体的位置看，这只熊似乎是饿死的。
被...震惊
that引导定语从句，作主语，修饰bear
挪威北极地区的斯瓦尔巴群岛
who引导定语从句，作主语，修饰scientists
根据
皮包骨
that引导定语从句，作主语，修饰all
似乎
who引导定语从句，作主语，修饰an expert
that引导宾语从句
n. 位置，方位
v. （使）挨饿，饿死
appear to have done sth.
好像做完了某事
v. （使）挨饿，饿死
Para.2
Para.2
Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology.
that引导宾语从句
V-ed作后置定语
宾语从句，省略that
如以前
目的状语
in order to do 为了...
v. 意味着
专家称，由于气候变化造成的海冰水位较低，这只熊无法像以前那样捕猎海豹，所以他为了找到食物不得不去更远的地方。这一令人震惊的案例表明气温升高对地球生态产生了怎样的影响。
对……有影响
how引导宾语从句
4. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”.
that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词all, 只能用that，不能用which
只用that 引导定语从句的情况
（1）定语从句修饰的词即先行词前面有形容词最高级时
（2）先行词被the very/the only/the same/the last等修饰时
She is the only girl who has got a prize.
（3）先行词正好是anything/everything/nothing/few/all/none/little/some等词时或被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
（4）先行词既有人，也有物时
5.An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
appear/seem是系动词, appear/seem to do好像，似乎……
appeared to have starved and died, 是appear/seem to have done结构，表示starve这个动作发生在appear之前，是to do的完成形式。
① They appear to do everything in a rush, with an eye on the clock, as if they had a short time to live.
② It appears to have rained last week.
他们似乎做任何事情都很匆忙，眼睛紧盯着时钟，好像他们的生命很短暂。
上周好像下过雨。
Para.3
Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
那么是什么正在导致全球表面平均温度的上升呢？气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程，它有两个普遍的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。“自然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气层，并以短波辐射的形式使地球表面升温。热量以更长的波长释放回太空。
在某方面增加
全球表面平均温度
v. 提到，谈到
V-ed作后置定语
which引导定语从句，作主语，修饰greenhouse effect
温室效应
指的是，提及
that引导同位语从句
v. （使）温暖，（使）变暖和
短波辐射
vt. & n. 排放；释放；发布
Para.3
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.
大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，会吸收一些热量，使地球气候保持温暖和适宜居住。没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。然而，“人为”温室效应现在已经成为一个大问题。当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热量被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。
v. 聚集（空气、气体或能量等），把...困在
V-ing作结果状语
adj.适合居住的
v. 维持，遭受，承受住
虚拟语气：without this process=if there were no less process
大量的
by + doing 方式状语
cause...to 导致...
被困在...
燃烧化石燃料
when 引导时间状语从句
6.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.
v-ing短语，作结果状语，表示状态
动词的-ing形式作状语，应注意以下几点：
(1)语法含义：表示意料之中的、自然而然的结果，有时可在其前加thus以示强调。
(2)逻辑主语：句子的主语或前面的整个句子。当动词的-ing形式作结果状语且其逻辑主语为前面的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
(3)时态特征：当动词的-ing形式作结果状语时，其表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，因此用一般式。
(4)语态特征：逻辑主语与构成动词的-ing形式的动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。
(5)句中位置：通常位于句末，且常用逗号与前面的句子成分隔开。
(6)同义表达：一般可转化为so that引导的结果状语从句。
He is always worrying about trifles, ignoring his main objectives.
他总是操心琐事，结果忽视了他的主要目标。
单句语法填空
(1)The old man stood against the door and ________(smoke).
(2)The old man stood against the door, ________(smoke).
(3)Mother went out in a hurry and ______(leave) the puppy sleeping in the house.
(4)Mother went out in a hurry, ________(leave) the puppy sleeping in the house.
smoked
smoking
left
leaving
7.Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.
本句中的“Without this process”是一个表示否定意义的介词短语，相当于一个虚拟条件状语从句----If there were no this process，主句为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。这个介词短语可放在句首，也可放在句末。
(1)在虚拟结构中，如果表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设，句子谓语用“would/should/could/might＋do”；如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，则句子谓语用“would/should/could/might＋have done”。
(2)虚拟条件句还可以用but for, otherwise, or, but等词来引导。
Without your help, I would not have been able to finish the project on time.
没有你的帮助，我就不能按时完成这个项目。
Without air, no one could live.
没有空气，人就不能活。
单句语法填空
(1)________ his support, we wouldn’t be what we are now.
(2)But ________ the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board.
(3)I would not have been late for class ________ the terrible traffic accident.
完成句子
(4)The father had patiently guided the twins. ______________ __________________________________________________________．
父亲耐心地指导了这对双胞胎。否则，他们就不会做出如此美味的早餐了。
Without
for
without
Otherwise/Or they wouldn’t have cooked such a delicious breakfast
8.When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.
(1)amounts of后接不可数名词时，相当于a huge/large amount of 大量的。
(2)a huge/large amount of 修饰不可数名词。
(3)“a huge/large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(4)“huge/large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(5)常见数量修饰语分类：
①修饰可数名词复数：many, a good/great many, a good/large number of；
②修饰不可数名词：much，a good/great deal of，a large amount of，large amounts of；
③既可修饰可数名词复数，又可修饰不可数名词：a lot of, lots of, a quantity of, quantities of, plenty of。
单句语法填空
(1)Now a great many college graduates ________(be) seeking a high-paid job. But a large number of them ________(be) often not able to find a suitable post.
(2)A number of houses ________(be) burnt down in the fire.
(3)A great deal of money ______________(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
(4)Large quantities of water _______________ (pipe) to the dry area since last year.
are
are
were
was donated
have been piped
Para.4
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.
有力且全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加，不仅造成严重的破坏，而且还致人丧命。气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去，并将使我们付出更高的代价。事实上，新闻报道经常播送造成死亡和经济损失的极端暴雨和热浪。
adj. 全部的， 所有的，详尽的
There is evidence that ...有证据表明
that引导同位语从句
导致
V-ing作结果状语
not only ...but also…不但...而且...
采取适当的行动/措施
that引导宾语从句
if 引导条件状语从句
n. 趋势,趋向
to do 作后置定语
v. 广播，播送
broadcast - broadcast - broadcast
V-ing作后置定语
经济损失
Para.5
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖和引发长期的变化。这需要全世界人民的关注。各国政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体排放。
adj.持续的，频繁的
adj. 持久的
造成，导致
n. 排放物；散发物；排放
全世界
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
制定政策
take actions and measures to do 采取措施做...
Para.5
We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help
作为个人，我们也可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，让每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为这是影响我们这个星球上所有人的最严重的问题，那么你会怎么做呢？
by + V-ing作方式状语
作为个人
v. 限制；限定；束缚
...的数量
定语从句，省略that / which，修饰carbon dioxide
It is one's responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任it为形式主语，to do为真正的主语
to do 作后置定语
v. 抓住；夺取；控制
因果
because 引导原因状语从句
V-ing作后置定语

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