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《冀教版·英语必修 第一册》UNIT 5 重点语法知识归纳
作为必修第一册的最后一个单元，本单元以“自然界与环境保护 (Nature and Environment)”为背景，引导我们关注地球生态与动植物保护。本单元的核心语法点是高中英语的骨干语法之一：定语从句 (Attributive Clauses) —— 关系代词的用法。定语从句相当于一个“大形容词”，放在被修饰的名词或代词（先行词）之后。准确使用定语从句，不仅能极大提升我们句子的复杂度，还能让描述更加精准、生动。
语法知识讲解
语法要点 基本规则与结构 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及解析 (结合单元语境)
定语从句
基本概念 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的词叫先行词；引导从句的词叫关系词。 【核心功能】： 关系词在定语从句中具有三大作用：
1. 连接主从句；
2. 指代前面的先行词；
3. 在从句中充当成分（主、宾、定语等）。 The earth is a beautiful planet that/which provides us with life.
（地球是一颗为我们提供生命的蓝色星球。—— planet 是先行词，that/which 是关系代词并在从句中作主语）
指代人
的关系代词
(who, whom) who: 指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。 whom: 指人，在从句中仅作宾语。 【介词后的指代】： 如果在介词后面指代人，必须使用结构 介词 + whom，绝不能用 who 或 that。 1. The scientist who gave us a lecture is famous.
（给我们做讲座的那位科学家很有名。——作主语） 2. The expert to whom we wrote showed great support.
（我们写信求助的那位专家给予了极大支持。——介词to的宾语）
指代物
的关系代词
(which) which: 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 【介词后的指代】： 如果在介词后面指代事物，必须使用结构 介词 + which，绝不能用 that。 1. The documentary which/that we watched was amazing.
（我们看的那部纪录片很棒。——作宾语，可省略） 2. This is the environment in which the rare bird lives.
（这就是那种珍稀鸟类生活的环境。——介词in的宾语）
表所属关系
(whose) whose: 表示“……的”，在从句中作定语。 既可以指人，也可以指物。 【解题技巧】： 当看到先行词与从句主语之间存在“所有关系 (A的B)”时，果断选择 whose。 1. The elephant whose tusks were cut off is dying.
（那头象牙被锯掉的大象奄奄一息。——指物，大象的象牙） 2. The boy whose father is a biologist joined us.
（那个父亲是生物学家的男孩加入了我们。——指人，男孩的父亲）
只能用 that
的特殊情况 指物时，通常 that 和 which 可互换。但以下情况只能用 that： 1. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰；
2. 先行词是不定代词（all, much, anything等）；
3. 先行词既有人又有物。 【常考易错点】： 务必先观察先行词及其前面的修饰语。只要出现上述特征词，毫不犹豫地选 that。 1. This is the most beautiful mountain that I have ever seen.
（这是我见过的最美的山。——被最高级修饰） 2. Look at the person and his dog that are walking across the street.
（看那个正在过马路的人和他的狗。——既有人又有物）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择（定语从句关系代词辨析）
1. The wild animals ______ habitats are destroyed face the danger of extinction.
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
2. The environmental protection project ______ we took part in last week is very meaningful.
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
3. Do you have anything ______ you want to say about the air pollution in our city
A. which B. that C. what D. who
4. The expert to ______ we wrote for advice gave us a detailed report on climate change.
A. who B. whose C. that D. whom
5. The villagers are trying to protect the old trees ______ have grown here for hundreds of years.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
6. Please look at the scientists and their equipment ______ are working in the deep forest.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
7. This is the very first documentary ______ focuses on the daily life of giant pandas.
A. which B. what C. that D. whom
8. The student ______ won the first prize in the speech contest on nature is my deskmate.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
9. Earth is a unique blue planet, without ______ humans could not survive.
A. that B. which C. it D. whom
10. Have you seen the new book about marine biology ______ cover is painted with a blue whale
A. which B. whose C. that D. of which
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）。
Our earth is a beautiful planet 1.__________ provides us with everything we need to survive. However, human beings, 2.__________ sometimes care only about their own economic development, are causing great damage to nature. The forests 3.__________ cover a large part of the earth are being destroyed day by day. Those animals 4.__________ habitats are lost are facing the real danger of extinction.
We must take action immediately. The first thing 5.__________ we should do is to plant more trees and stop polluting the rivers. Any person 6.__________ truly loves nature should join us. We need to build a society 7.__________ is friendly to the environment. Look at the volunteers and their tools 8.__________ are working so hard on the hills! The local experts to 9.__________ we wrote for advice also showed their great support. It is everyone's duty to protect the world in 10.__________ we live, so that our future generations can still see the blue sky and green mountains.《冀教版·英语必修 第一册》UNIT 5 重点语法知识归纳
作为必修第一册的最后一个单元，本单元以“自然界与环境保护 (Nature and Environment)”为背景，引导我们关注地球生态与动植物保护。本单元的核心语法点是高中英语的骨干语法之一：定语从句 (Attributive Clauses) —— 关系代词的用法。定语从句相当于一个“大形容词”，放在被修饰的名词或代词（先行词）之后。准确使用定语从句，不仅能极大提升我们句子的复杂度，还能让描述更加精准、生动。
语法知识讲解
语法要点 基本规则与结构 重点提示 / 易错点 例句及解析 (结合单元语境)
定语从句
基本概念 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的词叫先行词；引导从句的词叫关系词。 【核心功能】： 关系词在定语从句中具有三大作用：
1. 连接主从句；
2. 指代前面的先行词；
3. 在从句中充当成分（主、宾、定语等）。 The earth is a beautiful planet that/which provides us with life.
（地球是一颗为我们提供生命的蓝色星球。—— planet 是先行词，that/which 是关系代词并在从句中作主语）
指代人
的关系代词
(who, whom) who: 指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。 whom: 指人，在从句中仅作宾语。 【介词后的指代】： 如果在介词后面指代人，必须使用结构 介词 + whom，绝不能用 who 或 that。 1. The scientist who gave us a lecture is famous.
（给我们做讲座的那位科学家很有名。——作主语） 2. The expert to whom we wrote showed great support.
（我们写信求助的那位专家给予了极大支持。——介词to的宾语）
指代物
的关系代词
(which) which: 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 【介词后的指代】： 如果在介词后面指代事物，必须使用结构 介词 + which，绝不能用 that。 1. The documentary which/that we watched was amazing.
（我们看的那部纪录片很棒。——作宾语，可省略） 2. This is the environment in which the rare bird lives.
（这就是那种珍稀鸟类生活的环境。——介词in的宾语）
表所属关系
(whose) whose: 表示“……的”，在从句中作定语。 既可以指人，也可以指物。 【解题技巧】： 当看到先行词与从句主语之间存在“所有关系 (A的B)”时，果断选择 whose。 1. The elephant whose tusks were cut off is dying.
（那头象牙被锯掉的大象奄奄一息。——指物，大象的象牙） 2. The boy whose father is a biologist joined us.
（那个父亲是生物学家的男孩加入了我们。——指人，男孩的父亲）
只能用 that
的特殊情况 指物时，通常 that 和 which 可互换。但以下情况只能用 that： 1. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰；
2. 先行词是不定代词（all, much, anything等）；
3. 先行词既有人又有物。 【常考易错点】： 务必先观察先行词及其前面的修饰语。只要出现上述特征词，毫不犹豫地选 that。 1. This is the most beautiful mountain that I have ever seen.
（这是我见过的最美的山。——被最高级修饰） 2. Look at the person and his dog that are walking across the street.
（看那个正在过马路的人和他的狗。——既有人又有物）
单元语法知识演练
一、单项选择（定语从句关系代词辨析）
1. The wild animals ______ habitats are destroyed face the danger of extinction.
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
2. The environmental protection project ______ we took part in last week is very meaningful.
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
3. Do you have anything ______ you want to say about the air pollution in our city
A. which B. that C. what D. who
4. The expert to ______ we wrote for advice gave us a detailed report on climate change.
A. who B. whose C. that D. whom
5. The villagers are trying to protect the old trees ______ have grown here for hundreds of years.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
6. Please look at the scientists and their equipment ______ are working in the deep forest.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
7. This is the very first documentary ______ focuses on the daily life of giant pandas.
A. which B. what C. that D. whom
8. The student ______ won the first prize in the speech contest on nature is my deskmate.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
9. Earth is a unique blue planet, without ______ humans could not survive.
A. that B. which C. it D. whom
10. Have you seen the new book about marine biology ______ cover is painted with a blue whale
A. which B. whose C. that D. of which
二、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）。
Our earth is a beautiful planet 1.__________ provides us with everything we need to survive. However, human beings, 2.__________ sometimes care only about their own economic development, are causing great damage to nature. The forests 3.__________ cover a large part of the earth are being destroyed day by day. Those animals 4.__________ habitats are lost are facing the real danger of extinction.
We must take action immediately. The first thing 5.__________ we should do is to plant more trees and stop polluting the rivers. Any person 6.__________ truly loves nature should join us. We need to build a society 7.__________ is friendly to the environment. Look at the volunteers and their tools 8.__________ are working so hard on the hills! The local experts to 9.__________ we wrote for advice also showed their great support. It is everyone's duty to protect the world in 10.__________ we live, so that our future generations can still see the blue sky and green mountains.
【参考答案与解析】
一、单项选择
1. D 【解析】考查关系代词 whose。先行词是 animals（野生动物），从句主语是 habitats（栖息地），两者之间存在所属关系“野生动物的栖息地”，因此用 whose 作定语。
2. B 【解析】考查关系代词 which/that。先行词是 project（物），在定语从句中作介词 in 的宾语，可以用 which 或 that（选项中只有 which）。注意：what 不能引导定语从句。
3. B 【解析】考查只能用 that 的情况。先行词是不定代词 anything，当先行词为 all, much, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用 that。
4. D 【解析】考查“介词 + whom”。先行词是 expert（专家，指人），在定语从句中作介词 to 的宾语（write to sb.），介词后指人必须用 whom。
5. B 【解析】考查关系代词 which/that。先行词是 the old trees（物），在从句中作主语，因此用 which。who/whom 指人，whose 表所属，均不符合。
6. C 【解析】考查只能用 that 的情况。先行词是 scientists and their equipment（科学家和他们的设备），既有指人的名词，也有指物的名词，此时关系代词只能用 that。
7. C 【解析】考查只能用 that 的情况。先行词 documentary 被序数词 the very first 修饰，当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用 that。
8. B 【解析】考查关系代词 who。先行词是 The student（指人），在定语从句中作谓语动词 won 的主语，用 who。
9. B 【解析】考查“介词 + which”。先行词是 planet（星球，指物），置于介词 without 之后作宾语，介词后指物必须用 which，不能用 that。
10. B 【解析】考查关系代词 whose。先行词是 book（书），从句主语是 cover（封面），两者构成所属关系“书的封面（the book's cover）”，用 whose。
二、语法填空
1. which/that 【解析】先行词为 planet（指物），在从句中作主语（provides 的主语），填 which 或 that 均可。
2. who 【解析】先行词为 human beings（人类，指人），在非限制性定语从句（两个逗号之间）中作主语，填 who。
3. which/that 【解析】先行词为 The forests（指物），在从句中作 cover 的主语，填 which 或 that。
4. whose 【解析】先行词 animals 与从句主语 habitats 之间存在所属关系（动物的栖息地），作定语，填 whose。
5. that 【解析】先行词 thing 前有 first（序数词）修饰，关系代词只能用 that。
6. who/that 【解析】先行词 Any person（指人），在从句中作 cares 的主语，填 who 或 that 均可。
7. which/that 【解析】先行词 society（指物），在从句中作 is 的主语，填 which 或 that 均可。
8. that 【解析】先行词为 the volunteers and their tools，既含人（volunteers）又含物（tools），关系代词只能用 that。
9. whom 【解析】先行词 experts（指人），位于介词 to 之后作宾语，必须填 whom。
10. which 【解析】先行词 world（指物），位于介词 in 之后作宾语，必须填 which（in which 相当于 where）。

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