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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元能力提升培优卷译林版（2024）
Unit 1 Past and present
注意事项 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求 1.本试卷共8页，包含选择题（第1题~第45题，共45题）、非选择题（第46题~第76题，共31题）两部分。本卷满分120分，考试时间为100分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷一并交回。 2.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷的规定位置，在试卷第一面的右下角填写好座位号。
一、单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，计15分）
在下列各题A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个能填入题干空白处的最佳答案。
1．I have never read such an ________ story. It touches my heart deeply.
A．simple B．hopeful C．educational D．muddy
2．The little girl is ________ of the big dog.
A．scare B．scared C．scaring D．scares
3．The place is famous ________ its amazing sights and long history.
A．for B．as C．with D．in
4．________ difficult the problem is, I will try my best to work it out.
A．No matter B．Although C．However D．Whatever
5．—Where is Tom
—He ________ to the library. He said he would return soon.
A．has been B．has gone C．went D．goes
6．This is the most beautiful palace ________ I have ever seen.
A．which B．that C．who D．where
7．My brother prefers ________ basketball ________ football. He likes sports.
A．play; than B．playing; to C．to play; than D．playing; than
8．He has taught in this school ________ he graduated from college.
A．for B．since C．when D．while
9．—Why not ________ a boat trip on the lake
—Good idea!
A．to take B．taking C．take D．took
10．There ________ great changes in our hometown in the past few years.
A．was B．were C．have been D．has been
11．Lucy ________ a bus to school. But now she walks to school.
A．used to take B．is used to taking C．uses to take D．used to taking
12．My father ________ Beijing. He will be back in two days.
A．has been to B．have gone to C．has gone to D．go to
13．—What do you think of the film —It’s ________. I feel excited.
A．bored B．boring C．excited D．exciting
14．I ________ in Nanjing for ten years. I really love this city.
A．live B．lived C．have lived D．will live
15．—Have you ever been to the new museum
—Not ________. I plan to go there next weekend.
A．yet B．already C．never D．just
二、完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题1分，计15分）
阅读下面短文，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
I live in a small but lovely town. In the past, it was quiet and not developed. There were only old small houses and a narrow, muddy road. People 16 by bike or on foot every day. Life was simple but really hard for most villagers at that time. We 17 had many tall buildings or wide streets. There 18 no nice parks or clean public places at all.
However, great changes 19 in my hometown over the past few years. The whole town has become 20 and beautiful. We have built many wide roads, tall buildings and green parks. There is even a new high-speed train station now. It is very 21 for us to travel to big cities like Nanjing and Shanghai quickly.
I love my hometown very much. It is famous 22 its fresh air, clean water and green mountains. Every spring, thousands of visitors come here to 23 the beautiful cherry blossoms. They all say it is such a 24 place to relax and enjoy nature. Many tourists also come to 25 the old buildings and special culture here.
Yesterday, my best friend Lily told me she had 26 to Shanghai. She said she wanted to find a good job and start her new 27 there. I 28 her decision and truly wish her well. But I also hope she can come back to visit us often.
29 you go in the future, my hometown will always be your warm home. I strongly believe our town will have a 30 and bright future. I will study hard and try my best to make it even better.
16．A．travel B．traveled C．have traveled D．are traveling
17．A．often B．never C．always D．usually
18．A．was B．were C．have D．had
19．A．happen B．happened C．have happened D．happening
20．A．crowded B．modern C．traditional D．muddy
21．A．convenient B．crowded C．difficult D．expensive
22．A．as B．for C．with D．in
23．A．explore B．scare C．admire D．show off
24．A．dreamlike B．muddy C．recent D．common
25．A．reach B．explore C．marry D．record
26．A．been B．went C．gone D．go
27．A．business B．message C．artwork D．learning
28．A．am proud of B．am afraid of C．look forward to D．agree with
29．A．No matter where B．No matter when C．No matter how D．No matter what
30．A．hopeful B．helpless C．hopeless D．helpful
三、阅读理解（共15 小题；每小题2分，计30分）
阅读下列内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A
Nanjing is a great city with a long history and rich culture. It has developed quickly and changed greatly during the past thirty years.
In the past, most people lived in small and old houses. The streets were narrow and often muddy, especially on rainy days. There were only a few tall buildings in the city. People used to go out by bike or bus, and the transport was not very convenient. It usually took people a long time to travel from one place to another. There were not many big shops or green parks, so people’s daily life was simple.
Now great changes have taken place in Nanjing. Wide roads and modern tall buildings can be seen everywhere. The underground runs fast and makes it much easier for people to go anywhere in the city. Many families have their own cars now. Besides, there are more clean public places, beautiful green parks and different kinds of big shopping malls. People can enjoy a more comfortable and convenient life.
Nanjing is famous for its long history and many places of interest, such as the city wall and many historic sites. Every year, thousands of visitors from home and abroad come to visit and admire its beauty. People in Nanjing are living a happier life, and the city is becoming more and more beautiful and lively.
31．What is Nanjing famous for
A．Its modern cars. B．Its long history and places of interest.
C．Its narrow streets. D．Its small old houses.
32．What were the streets like in Nanjing in the past
A．Wide and clean. B．Narrow and sometimes muddy.
C．Green and comfortable. D．Fast and convenient.
33．How did people usually go out in the past
A．By underground. B．By plane.
C．By bike or bus. D．By high-speed train.
34．Why is it easy for people to travel around Nanjing now
A．Because the underground runs quickly. B．Because there are few cars.
C．Because the streets are still narrow. D．Because there are no tall buildings.
35．What can we learn from the passage
A．Nanjing has changed a lot and has become better. B．No visitors come to Nanjing these days.
C．People’s life is more difficult than before. D．There are no parks in Nanjing now.
B
Life has changed a lot in the past fifty years. My grandparents often tell me about their life in the past. They were born in the 1960s. At that time, there were no tall buildings in their hometown. People lived in small houses. They didn’t have enough food to eat and they wore old clothes. In the past, people usually walked or rode bikes to go out. There were few buses or cars. People kept in touch with their friends and relatives by writing letters. It often took a long time to get a reply.
Now our life is very different. There are many tall buildings and big supermarkets in our hometown. People live in big and comfortable houses. We have enough food and beautiful clothes. We can go out by bus, car, train or plane. It’s very convenient. We can keep in touch with others by WeChat, QQ, mobile phones or emails. We can get in touch with them at any time.
In some ways, life in the past was simpler. People spent more time with their family and friends. But now our life is more convenient and colourful. I love the present life, but I also know the hard life in the past. We should cherish the life we have now.
36．When were the writer’s grandparents born
A．In the 1950s. B．In the 1960s. C．In the 1970s. D．In the 1980s.
37．How did people go out in the past
A．By bus or car. B．By train or plane.
C．On foot or by bike. D．By ship or bus.
38．How did people keep in touch with others in the past
A．By writing letters. B．By WeChat or QQ.
C．By mobile phones. D．By sending emails.
39．What can we learn from the passage
A．People lived in tall buildings in the past.
B．People have enough food and beautiful clothes now.
C．People can’t get in touch with others at any time now.
D．Life in the present is simpler than that in the past.
40．What’s the writer’s feeling about the present life
A．He doesn’t like it. B．He cherishes it.
C．He thinks it’s hard. D．He wants to go back to the past.
C
In Pontevedra, Spain, people don’t have to honk their horns. Since cars are not allowed in the city, there are no horns or noises from car engines. People don’t even have to look hard to cross the street. “Listen,” says Miguel Lores, the mayor, opening the window of his office. From the street below rises the sound of human voices. “More than 14,000 cars used to pass along this street each day. Now people are moving through the city in a way that people love.” Lores became the mayor in 1999. He spent months walking around the city. “The historical heart was dead,” he said one day. “There was a wall of cars. There wasn’t a way to walk. The elderly and children didn’t have to use the streets because of cars. People who had a choice to leave did.”At first, Lores thought of improving traffic conditions. However, the government finally decided to get rid of cars. After hours of discussions, the city...
41．What does the underlined word “honk” mean
A．鸣笛 B．驾驶 C．修理 D．清洗
42．Why are there no horns or noises in Pontevedra
A．Because there are no trucks in the city.
B．Because people don’t like horns.
C．Because the government banned horns.
D．Because cars are not allowed in the city.
43．What did Lores think of doing to solve the city’s problem at first
A．He thought of building new roads.
B．He thought of improving traffic conditions.
C．He thought of asking people to stop driving cars.
D．He thought of talking with car drivers.
44．Which of the following is TRUE about Pontevedra
A．It has become a more beautiful city.
B．Fewer people live in the city now.
C．The streets are more crowded than before.
D．The elderly and children don’t like the city.
45．What can we learn from the passage
A．Traffic jams are a serious problem everywhere.
B．Sometimes changing habits can bring good results.
C．Most mayors are not willing to make changes.
D．Cars are always bad for a city’s development.
四、词汇运用（共10小题；每小题1分，计10分）
根据句子意思，用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填空。写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。
46．The streets are usually ________ (crowd) during the Spring Festival.
47．We can enjoy the ________ (nature) beauty in the mountains.
48．He ________ (live) here since he was ten years old.
49．It is so interesting ________ (visit) these places of interest.
50．Many places ________ (change) a lot over the years.
51．With the ________ (发展) of the city, people live a better life.
52．We learnt a lot about a special ________ (时期) in Chinese history.
53．It is exciting to ________ (探索) old towns and beautiful mountains.
54．Many foreign ________ (游客) come to China to visit the Great Wall every year.
55．The West Lake in Hangzhou is a very ________ (美丽的) place to visit.
五、阅读表达（共5 小题；每小题2分，计10分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不超过10个单词。
Great changes have taken place in towns and cities all over China in recent years. Life has become quite different from what it was like in the past. Many years ago, most people lived in small and old houses. The roads were narrow and dirty, and the traffic was slow and not convenient. People had to go out on foot or by bike, and it usually took them a long time to get to places far away.
Now our living conditions have improved a lot. There are more and more tall buildings and wide clean roads. High-speed trains, planes and buses make travelling faster and easier than ever before. What’s more, more trees, flowers and parks make our environment much cleaner and nicer. People can enjoy fresh air and beautiful views in their free time.
Now travelling is also very popular. More people choose to visit different places of interest, learn about local history and culture, and enjoy natural beauty. Travelling not only brings people fun but also helps them learn more about the fast development of our great country.
56．Where have great changes taken place
57．What were roads like many years ago
58．What makes travelling faster and easier now
59．What makes the environment cleaner and nicer
60．What does travelling help people learn more about
六、缺词填空（共 10空；每空1分，计10分）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Most polar (北极的) bears could disappear by the end of the century because of global (全球) warming, scientists say.
According to a study in Nature Climate (气候) Change, the number of most polar bears will f 61 rapidly by 2080. There are two reasons. One is that the sea ice is melting (融化). Polar bears catch seals (海豹) to eat on the ice. W 62 ice, they have to stay on land. But there is not e 63 food on land to feed so many bears. The animals could die from hunger. The other reason is that mother bears may not be fat enough to o 64 milk to their babies, so some bears could stop having babies.
Polar bears are the l 65 land animals that eat meat on the planet. They help control other kinds of animals. Losing them would break the balance of their living place.
The Arctic (北极) is the h 66 to about 25,000 polar bears. Arctic sea ice usually melts in spring and summer, then grows in winter. But now, the i 67 is taking longer to grow back. Scientists say the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet.
The study also shows that it is p 68 to slow Arctic melting. Greenhouse gases (温室气体) could lead to climate change. In order to avoid creating greenhouse gases, the world should try to stop burning coal and riding in cars.
Saving the bears is u 69 to us. Holland, one of the writers of the study, says, “I believe there is hope, but humans need to act q 70 to make that hope come true.” Let’s take action to protect our earth and save polar bears.
七、书面表达（计30分）
A.句子翻译（共5 小题；每小题2分，计10分）
将下列句子译成英语，并将所译句子写在横线上。
71．工人们正在为改善他们的生活质量而奋斗着。
_______________________________________________________________
72．这个地方已经从一个乡村发展成为一个现代化的城市了。
_______________________________________________________________
73．当地政府鼓励年轻人开发地方特色旅游资源。
_______________________________________________________________
74．电动公交车产生的空气污染更少，噪音也很小。
_______________________________________________________________
75．多亏了因特网，我们才能得到更多有用的信息。
_______________________________________________________________
B.写作（计20分）
76．假设你是李华，你的笔友Tom想来中国游玩，并想了解你家乡的变化。请你根据以下提示，写一篇80词左右的短文。
要点提示：
1. 过去：房屋老旧、道路狭窄、出行不便；
2. 现在：高楼林立、道路宽阔、交通便捷；
3. 人们生活更好，你经常和家人周边旅行。
要求：
1. 包含所有要点，可适当发挥；
2. 条理清晰，语句通顺，书写规范；
3. 词数80左右。
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．C
【解析】句意：我从未读过如此有教育意义的故事。它深深触动了我的心。
simple简单的；hopeful有希望的；educational有教育意义的；muddy泥泞的。根据语境“故事深深触动内心”，用educational来形容这个故事能给人带来思想上的启发与感动，符合句意。
2．B
【解析】句意：这个小女孩害怕这只大狗。
scare动词表示惊吓；scared形容词感到害怕的；scaring形容词令人害怕的；scares动词单三形式表示惊吓。根据“The little girl is...of”可知，此处需形容词或动名词做表语因此排除scare及scares。主语是人，应用ed结尾的形容词表示人的感受。
3．A
【解析】句意：这个地方以其令人惊叹的景色和悠久的历史而闻名。
for因为、为了；as作为；with和、带有；in在……里面。be famous for是固定搭配，意为“因……而闻名”，后接闻名的原因；be famous as意为“作为……而闻名”，后接身份或职业。本句中“令人惊叹的景色和悠久的历史”是这个地方闻名的原因，所以用for。
4．C
【解析】句意：无论这个问题有多难，我都会尽力解决它。
No matter（后接疑问词，如no matter how，与however用法类似）；Although虽然（表示让步，后接陈述句）；However无论多么（后接形容词或副词，引导让步状语从句）；Whatever无论什么（后接名词或单独使用）。根据“difficult”为形容词可知，此处需用however修饰，表示“无论多么困难”，However符合语境。
5．B
【解析】句意：——汤姆在哪里？——他去了图书馆。他说他很快就会回来。
根据问句“Where is Tom ”可知汤姆此刻不在说话地点，结合答语“He said he would return soon”可知他去了图书馆还未回来；has gone to表示“去了某地未回”，has been to表示“去过某地已回”，因此应选has gone。
6．B
【解析】句意：这是我见过的最漂亮的宫殿。
根据定语从句的用法规则可知，先行词“palace”是物，且被形容词最高级“the most beautiful”修饰；在定语从句中，当先行词被最高级修饰时，关系代词习惯用that而不用which，因此应选that。
7．B
【解析】句意：我弟弟比起足球更喜欢打篮球。他喜欢运动。
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“比起做某事更喜欢做某事”，第一空用动名词playing，第二空用介词to；play是原形，to play是不定式，than不符合该固定搭配，均不符合语法要求。
8．B
【解析】句意：他从大学毕业后就一直在这所学校教书。
for为了；since自从；when当……时候；while当……时候。本句主句是现在完成时，从句是一般过去时的句子，用since来引导时间状语从句，表示“从……以来”，符合句意。
9．C
【解析】句意：——为什么不乘船在湖上游览呢？——好主意！
Why not后应接动词原形，构成表示建议的句型，take符合语法规则及语境。
10．C
【解析】句意：在过去的几年里，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
in the past few years是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时结构为have/has + 过去分词；主语great changes是复数，用have been；was/were是一般过去时，has been用于单数主语，均不符合语法要求。
11．A
【解析】句意：露西过去常常乘公共汽车去上学。但现在她步行去上学。
used to take过去常常乘坐；is used to taking习惯于乘坐；uses to take结构错误；used to taking结构错误。根据“But now she walks to school.”可知，露西现在步行去学校，与过去情况不同，所以前句表示露西“过去常常”乘公共汽车去学校，应填used to take。
12．C
【解析】句意：我父亲已经去北京了。他两天后回来。
has been to去过（已回来）；have gone to去了（未回来，主语非三单）；has gone to去了（未回来，主语三单）；go to去（一般现在时）。根据答句“He will be back in two days.”可知，爸爸现在还在北京，未回来，且主语My father是第三人称单数，应填has gone to。
13．D
【解析】句意：——你觉得这部电影怎么样？——它是令人兴奋的。我感到很兴奋。
bored感到无聊的；boring令人无聊的；excited感到兴奋的；exciting令人兴奋的。主语“It”指代电影，修饰事物用-ing形式的形容词；根据后文“I feel excited”可知，电影是令人兴奋的。应填exciting。
14．C
【解析】句意：我在南京已经住了十年了。我真的很爱这座城市。
根据时间状语“for ten years”可知，它表示动作从过去持续到现在，是现在完成时的标志词，结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语“I”是第一人称，助动词用“have”，live的过去分词是“lived”，因此应选have lived。
15．A
【解析】句意：——你去过那个新博物馆吗？——还没有。我计划下周末去那里。
yet尚未，还；already已经；never从不；just刚刚。根据“I plan to go there next weekend.”可知，计划下周末去，说明目前还没去，not yet意为“还没有”，符合语境。
16．B 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．B 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．A 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者家乡过去和现在的变化，表达了对家乡的热爱以及对家乡未来的美好期望，同时提到了朋友去上海找工作的事情。
16．句意：人们每天骑自行车或步行出行。
根据“In the past”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“travel”的过去式是“traveled”。“have traveled”是现在完成时，“are traveling”是现在进行时，均不符合语境；“traveled”符合一般过去时描述过去人们出行方式的语境。
17．句意：我们从来没有许多高楼大厦或宽阔的街道。
根据前文描述过去家乡不发达，可知这里表达过去没有高楼大厦和宽阔街道。“never”表示“从来没有”，符合语境。“often”表示“经常”，“always”表示“总是”，“usually”表示“通常”，均与语境不符。
18．句意：根本没有漂亮的公园或干净的公共场所。
“there be”句型表示“有”，根据“no nice parks or clean public places”可知，be动词用复数形式，且句子时态为一般过去时，“were”符合要求。“was”是单数形式，“have”和“had”不能用于“there be”句型。
19．句意：然而，在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
根据“over the past few years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，“have happened”符合现在完成时的结构。“happen”是一般现在时，“happened”是一般过去时，“happening”是现在分词形式，均不符合语境。
20．句意：整个城镇变得现代化且美丽。
根据“We have built many wide roads, tall buildings and green parks.”可知，家乡变得现代化了。“modern”表示“现代化的”，符合语境。“crowded”表示“拥挤的”，“traditional”表示“传统的”，“muddy”表示“泥泞的”，均不符合语境。
21．句意：对于我们来说，快速地去南京和上海这样的大城市旅行是非常方便的。
根据“There is even a new high-speed train station now.”可知，有高铁站后去大城市旅行很方便。“convenient”表示“方便的”，符合语境。“crowded”表示“拥挤的”，“difficult”表示“困难的”，“expensive”表示“昂贵的”，均不符合语境。
22．句意：它以新鲜的空气、干净的水和绿色的山脉而闻名。
“be famous for”是固定搭配，表示“以……而闻名”，符合语境。“as”“with”“in”均不能与“famous”构成该固定搭配。
23．句意：每年春天，成千上万的游客来到这里欣赏美丽的樱花。
根据“the beautiful cherry blossoms”可知，游客是来欣赏樱花的。“admire”表示“欣赏”，符合语境。“explore”表示“探索”，“scare”表示“惊吓”，“show off”表示“炫耀”，均不符合语境。
24．句意：他们都说这是一个如梦如幻的放松和享受大自然的地方。
根据“to relax and enjoy nature”可知，这个地方让人感觉如梦如幻。“dreamlike”表示“如梦的，梦幻般的”，符合语境。“muddy”表示“泥泞的”，“recent”表示“最近的”，“common”表示“普通的”，均不符合语境。
25．句意：许多游客也来探索这里的古老建筑和特殊文化。
根据“the old buildings and special culture here”可知，游客是来探索古老建筑和特殊文化的。“explore”表示“探索”，符合语境。“reach”表示“到达”，“marry”表示“结婚”，“record”表示“记录”，均不符合语境。
26．句意：昨天，我最好的朋友莉莉告诉我她去了上海。
“have gone to”表示“去了某地（还没回来）”，符合语境。“have been to”表示“去过某地（已经回来）”，“went”是一般过去时，“go”是动词原形，均不符合语境。
27．句意：她说她想找一份好工作，并在那里开始她的新事业。
根据“find a good job”可知，找到工作后是开始新事业。“business”表示“事业”，符合语境。“message”表示“信息”，“artwork”表示“艺术品”，“learning”表示“学习”，均不符合语境。
28．句意：我同意她的决定，并真心祝愿她一切顺利。
根据“truly wish her well”可知，作者是同意朋友的决定。“agree with”表示“同意”，符合语境。“am proud of”表示“为……感到骄傲”，“am afraid of”表示“害怕”，“look forward to”表示“期待”，均不符合语境。
29．句意：无论你将来去哪里，我的家乡将永远是你温暖的家。
根据“you go in the future”可知，这里表示无论去哪里。“No matter where”表示“无论哪里”，符合语境。“No matter when”表示“无论何时”，“No matter how”表示“无论怎样”，“No matter what”表示“无论什么”，均不符合语境。
30．句意：我坚信我们的城镇将有一个充满希望和光明的未来。
根据“bright future”可知，未来是充满希望的。“hopeful”表示“充满希望的”，符合语境。“helpless”表示“无助的”，“hopeless”表示“没有希望的”，“helpful”表示“有帮助的”，均不符合语境。
31．B 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．A
【导语】本文介绍南京过去三十年的巨大变化，对比过去与现在的居住、交通、环境，展现城市越来越好。
31．第四段介绍：“Nanjing is famous for its long history and many places of interest”，说明南京因悠久历史和名胜古迹闻名。
32．第二段描述：“The streets were narrow and often muddy, especially on rainy days”，说明过去南京街道狭窄且有时泥泞。
33．第二段指出：“People used to go out by bike or bus”，说明过去人们常骑自行车或乘公交车出行。
34．第三段说明：“The underground runs fast and makes it much easier for people to go anywhere in the city”，说明地铁让现在在南京出行更便捷。
35．从全文内容可以看出，南京发生了很大变化并且变得越来越好。
36．B 37．C 38．A 39．B 40．B
【导语】本文通过对比过去与现在的生活，展现了五十年间生活的巨大变化，表达了作者对当下生活的珍惜之情。
36．文中第一段提到“They were born in the 1960s.”，说明作者的祖父母出生于20世纪60年代。
37．文中第一段提到“In the past, people usually walked or rode bikes to go out.”，说明过去人们出行通常靠步行或骑自行车。
38．文中第一段提到“People kept in touch with their friends and relatives by writing letters.”，说明过去人们通过写信与他人保持联系。
39．A选项中文中过去没有高楼，故排除，B选项文中提到“We have enough food and beautiful clothes now.”，正确； C选项中现在可以随时联系他人，故C错误：D选项中过去的生活更简单，现在的生活更便捷多彩，故排除。
40．文中最后一段提到“We should cherish the life we have now.”，说明作者珍惜当下的生活。
41．A 42．D 43．B 44．A 45．B
【导语】本文介绍了西班牙城市蓬特韦德拉通过禁止汽车通行，改善了城市环境和居民生活的故事。
41．文中指出因为没有汽车所以没有鸣笛声：“Since cars are not allowed in the city, there are no horns or noises from car engines.”，说明“honk”意为“鸣笛”。
42．文中指出没有鸣笛和噪音的原因：“Since cars are not allowed in the city”，说明是因为城市里禁止汽车。
43．文中指出Lores最初的想法：“At first, Lores thought of improving traffic conditions.”，说明他最初考虑改善交通状况。
44．文中描述城市从“There was a wall of cars”变成现在人们可以自由行走，说明城市变得更美好，与A项表述一致。
45．全文讲述了蓬特韦德拉通过改变习惯（禁止汽车）带来了积极的结果，说明有时改变习惯可以带来好的结果。
46．crowded
【解析】句意：春节期间街道通常很拥挤。crowd“人群”，句中“are”为系动词，后面需要用形容词作表语，crowd的形容词形式是crowded，意为“拥挤的”。
47．natural
【解析】句意：我们可以欣赏山里的自然美景。句中“beauty”是名词，前面需要用形容词修饰，nature意为“自然”，是名词，形容词为natural，意为“自然的”。
48．has lived
【解析】句意：他自从十岁起就一直住在这里。根据“since he was ten years old”可知，该句时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，所以用has，live的过去分词是lived。
49．to visit
【解析】句意：参观这些名胜古迹是如此有趣。“It is+形容词+to do sth.”是固定句型，表示“做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。所以这里要用visit的动词不定式形式to visit。
50．have changed
【解析】句意：这些年来很多地方变化很大。句中“over the years”是现在完成时的标志，结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语“Many places”是复数，助动词用have，change意为“改变，变化”，其过去分词直接在词尾加d。
51．development
【解析】句意：随着城市的发展，人们过上了更好的生活。“with the + 名词 + of...”为固定结构，此处需要名词作介词with的宾语，“发展”对应的英文单词是development，意为“发展”。
52．period
【解析】句意：我们学到了很多关于中国历史上一个特殊时期的知识。句中“a special”后接可数名词单数，period意为“时期”。
53．explore
【解析】句意：探索古老的城镇和美丽的山脉是令人兴奋的。句中“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”为固定句型，to后接动词原形，“探索”对应的英文单词是explore。
54．tourists/visitors
【解析】句意：每年许多外国游客来中国参观长城。“游客”可译为tourist或visitor，均为可数名词。many后接名词复数形式。
55．beautiful
【解析】句意：杭州西湖是一个非常美丽的地方。beautiful“美丽的”，形容词作定语，修饰名词place。
56．In towns and cities all over China. 57．Narrow and dirty. 58．High-speed trains, planes and buses. 59．More trees, flowers and parks. 60．The fast development of China.
【导语】本文介绍中国城镇近年发生的巨大变化，对比过去与现在的生活、交通、环境，并说明旅行的意义。
56．第一段明确指出“Great changes have taken place in towns and cities all over China”，这是原文中的地点信息，直接提取。
57．第一段明确指出“The roads were narrow and dirty”，这是原文中的道路状况信息，直接提取。
58．第二段明确指出“High-speed trains, planes and buses make travelling faster and easier”，这是原文中的交通方式信息，直接提取。
59．第二段明确指出“more trees, flowers and parks make our environment much cleaner and nicer”，这是原文中的环境改善信息，直接提取。
60．第三段明确指出“helps them learn more about the fast development of our great country”，这是原文中的旅行意义信息，直接提取。
61．fall/all 62．Without/ithout 63．enough/nough 64．offer/ffer 65．largest/argest 66．home/ome 67．ice/ce 68．possible/ossible 69．up/p 70．quickly/uickly
【导语】本文介绍了全球变暖导致北极海冰融化，进而威胁北极熊生存的现状，分析了原因和后果，并呼吁人类减少温室气体排放以拯救北极熊。
61．句意：根据《自然气候变化》的一项研究，到2080年，大多数北极熊的数量将迅速下降。根据“the number of most polar bears will...rapidly by 2080”以及首字母提示可知，此处指北极熊数量下降，fall“下降”，will后跟动词原形。
62．句意：没有冰，它们必须待在陆地上。根据“they have to stay on land”以及首字母提示可知，此处指没有冰，without“没有”，介词，位于句首首字母大写。
63．句意：但是陆地上没有足够的食物来喂养这么多熊。根据“food on land to feed so many bears”以及首字母提示可知，此处指没有足够的食物，enough“足够的”，形容词作定语。
64．句意：另一个原因是母熊可能没有足够的脂肪来给幼崽提供乳汁，所以一些熊可能会停止生育。根据“mother bears may not be fat enough to...milk to their babies”以及首字母提示可知，此处指给幼崽提供乳汁，offer“提供”，动词，不定式符号to后跟动词原形。
65．句意：北极熊是地球上最大的食肉陆地动物。根据“Polar bears are the...land animals that eat meat on the planet”以及首字母提示可知，此处指最大的食肉陆地动物，largest“最大的”，形容词最高级作定语。
66．句意：北极是大约25000只北极熊的家园。根据“The Arctic (北极) is the...to about 25,000 polar bears”以及首字母提示可知，此处指北极是北极熊的家园，home“家园”，名词，be home to“是……的家园”。
67．句意：但是现在，冰需要更长的时间才能重新生长。根据“Arctic sea ice usually melts in spring and summer, then grows in winter. But now, the...is taking longer to grow back”以及首字母提示可知，此处指冰需要更长时间重新生长，ice“冰”，不可数名词。
68．句意：这项研究还表明，减缓北极融化是有可能的。根据“it is...to slow Arctic melting”以及首字母提示可知，此处指减缓北极融化是有可能的，possible“可能的”，形容词作表语。
69．句意：拯救这些熊就要靠我们了。根据“Saving the bears is...to us”，“I believe there is hope, but humans need to act”以及首字母提示可知，此处指拯救北极熊取决于我们，up to“取决于……的”，固定短语。
70．句意：我相信有希望，但人类需要迅速采取行动，让这个希望成为现实。根据“but humans need to act...to make that hope come true”以及首字母提示可知，此处指人类需要迅速采取行动，quickly“迅速地”，副词修饰动词act。
71．The workers are working to improve the quality of their lives.
【解析】根据汉语意思可知，本句时态为现在进行时（表正在进行的动作）。“工人们”的英文为“The workers”，作主语；“正在为改善他们的生活质量而奋斗着”翻译为“are working to improve the quality of their lives”，其中“are working”作谓语（现在进行时），“to improve the quality of their lives”作目的状语。故填The workers are working to improve the quality of their lives.
72．This place has developed from a village into a modern city.
【解析】This place“这个地方”；develop from...into...“从……发展成为……”，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，用现在完成时，助动词用has；a village“一个乡村”；a modern city“一个现代化的城市”。故填This place has developed from a village into a modern city.
73．The local government encouraged young people to develop tourism resources with local colour.
【解析】根据题干语境可知，此处是陈述句，描述过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时。the local government“当地政府”，作主语，句首首字母要大写；encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，encourage的过去式是encouraged；young people“年轻人”，作宾语；develop tourism resources“开发旅游资源”；with local colour“具有地方特色”，介词短语作后置定语。故填The local government encouraged young people to develop tourism resources with local colour.
74．Electric buses produce less air pollution and make little noise
【解析】根据汉语意思“电动公交车产生的空气污染更少，噪音也很小”可知，本句时态为一般现在时态。“电动公交车”英文为“electric buses”，可数名词复数短语作主语；“产生” 英文为“produce”，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形；“更少的空气污染”英文为 “less air pollution”，作宾语；“制造噪音”英文为“make noise”，与前半句并列，谓语动词用原形，“很小的噪音”即“little noise”，作宾语。故填Electric buses produce less air pollution and make little noise.
75．Thanks to the Internet, we can get more useful information.
【解析】“多亏了因特网，我们才能得到更多有用的信息。”译为Thanks to the Internet, we can get more useful information。“多亏了”表达为Thanks to，用于引出原因，后接名词或名词短语；“因特网”表达为the Internet；“得到更多有用的信息”表达为get more useful information，其中useful作定语修饰information。
76．例文：
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to hear you’re coming to China. Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
In the past, the houses were old and the roads were narrow, so it was not convenient for us to go out. But now, there are many tall buildings and wide roads. The traffic is much easier and faster. People live a better life. I often travel around with my family in our free time.
Welcome to my hometown! I’ll show you around then.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：书信体短文，以一般过去时和一般现在时为主
明确要点：家乡过去的状况（房屋老旧、道路狭窄、出行不便）、现在的变化（高楼林立、道路宽阔、交通便捷）、人们生活改善及个人休闲活动
确定人称：第一人称（I/we）
注意事项：包含所有要点，可适当发挥；条理清晰，语句通顺；词数80词左右
[第二步：构思布局]
采用三段式结构
开头段：回应Tom要来中国的消息，引出家乡的变化
主体段：对比家乡过去和现在的面貌，说明生活改善
结尾段：发出欢迎并承诺届时带他游览
[第三步：要点展开]
开头回应：I’m glad to hear you’re coming to China. Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
过去状况：In the past, the houses were old and the roads were narrow, so it was not convenient for us to go out.
现在变化：But now, there are many tall buildings and wide roads. The traffic is much easier and faster. People live a better life.
生活改善：I often travel around with my family in our free time.
结尾邀请：Welcome to my hometown! I’ll show you around then.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

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