资源简介

(共77张PPT)
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Period Four　Reading for Writing—Video Time
课前自主预习
A．海洋；大海　　　　　B．习惯；风俗；习俗
C．(使)翻滚；(使)滚动　 D．牛
E．挤满；使……拥挤；人群；民众
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．The car began to roll back down the hill. (　　)
2．There were few sights as beautiful as the calm ocean on a warm night. (　　)
【答案】1—2 CA
3．Hundreds of thousands of people have crowded into the centre of the Lithuanian capital, Vilnius. (　　)
4．The custom of lighting the Olympic flame goes back centuries. (　　)
5．After a summer the poorest sheep and cattle here grow strong and fat. (　　)
【答案】3—5 EBD
Ⅱ.预备写作素材
1．China ________________________________(有着悠久的历史) of five thousand years.
2．The decision made on the meeting _________________(很有可能) upset many workers.
【答案】1.has a long history　2.is likely to　
3．In fact, his living environment ____________________(有巨大的影响) him.
4．______________________(不足为奇) that the team won the game at last.
5．What’s ________________(最好的办法) to experience Chinese traditions and customs
【答案】3.has/had a great influence on/upon
4．It’s not surprising　5.the best way
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．greet vi.& vt.问候；迎接
(P44)On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
【翻译】在一个安静的早晨，在山间感受阳光照在你的皮肤上，呼吸清新的花香，而鸟儿用它们的晨歌迎接新的一天。
Please give my greetings to Miss Macleod.
请代我向麦克劳德小姐问好。
He greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived.
客人到达时，他都热情接待他们。
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The foreign editor was supposed to be the official ________
(greet).
(2)She sent us a card with birthday________(greet).
【答案】(1)greeter　(2)greetings
完成句子
(3)Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she _________ ______________(用……跟我打招呼) a smile.
(4)Please ____________________(代我问候) your parents.
【答案】 (3)greeted me with
(4)send my greetings to
2．have an influence on... 对……有影响
(P44)Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.
【翻译】爱尔兰美丽的乡村一直对其人民和传统有很大的影响。
【用法详解】
(1)have a bad influence on... 对……有不好的影响
(2)influence...with... 用……影响……
【联想】
(1)affect sb/sth 影响某人/某物
(2)have an effect/impact on/upon... 对……有影响
Confucius greatly influences the development of China’s culture and education.
孔子对中国的文化和教育的发展有着深远的影响。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Watching too much TV can have a bad influence ________ children’s studies.
(2)She influenced the whole class __________ her positive attitude.
【答案】(1)on　(2)with
(3)Pollution is having a serious impact __________ the environment.
(4)Emotional problems can __________(effect) one’s work performance.
【答案】 (3)on/upon　 (4)affect
3．make up构成；形成；编造；和解；弥补；化妆
(P44)And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.
【翻译】在大海深处，海浪的轰鸣声和海鸟的叫声构成了海岸的音乐。
As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you’ll make it.
只要你有梦想，不断努力就一定能成功。
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Our class is made up __________ thirty boys and twenty girls.
(2)She made __________ an excuse for being late for school.
(3)Finally he made up his mind __________(buy) a new car.
【答案】(1)of　(2)up　(3)to buy
完成句子
(4)I could hardly ______________ what he was saying on the phone.
我几乎不能理解他在电话中说的东西。
(5)She finally ______________ to the top on her smarts.
她最终靠自己的聪明才智获得成功。
【答案】 (4)make out　(5)made it
(6)Although we lost the game, we should ________________ ___________ this chance to learn from our failures.
虽然我们输了这场比赛，但我们应该充分利用这个机会从失败中学习。
【答案】 make the best of/make full use of
◇句式解读
1．(P44)On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
【翻译】在一个安静的早晨，在山间感受阳光照在你的皮肤上，呼吸清新的花香，而鸟儿用它们的晨歌迎接新的一天。
【考点提炼】
while作并列连词，连接两个句子，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。
【归纳拓展】
(1)while可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。
(2)while可作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，常常放于句首。
I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organised.
我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却特有条理。
[针对练习]
单句语法填写
(1)__________ the students came from various countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.
(2)While Cathy __________(watch) TV, an idea came to her.
(3)There’s no way of knowing why one man _________(make) an important discovery while another man, also intelligent, fails.
【答案】(1)While　(2)was watching　 (3)makes
完成句子
(4)__________________________， and play while you play.
该工作时工作，该娱乐时娱乐。
(5)She was dressed in red, ___________________________．
她身穿红色的衣服，而他穿的是白的。
【答案】(4)Work while you work
(5)while he was dressed in white
2．(P44)With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.
【翻译】有了这些美景，爱尔兰形成包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的强大传统也就不足为奇了。
【考点提炼】
It is/was surprising that...意为“令人吃惊……”，it在句中作形式主语，代指后面that引导的主语从句。it作形式主语的常用句式：
(1)It be＋形容词(possible, obvious, important...)＋that...
(2)It be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, no wonder...)＋that从句
【归纳拓展】
其他用it作形式主语的句型还有：
(1)It is said that... 据说……
(2)It is reported that... 据报道……
(3)It is well known that... 众所周知……
(4)It occurred to sb that... 某人突然意识到……
(5)It is likely that... 很可能……
(6)It seems that... 好像……
It is obvious that the polluted air is harmful to our health.
很明显，污染的空气对我们的健康有害。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)________________ he has passed the exam so easily.
令人惊讶的是，他如此轻松地通过了考试。
【答案】It’s surprising that
(2)________________ you can’t come to the party.
很遗憾你不能来参加聚会。
(3)________________ she could try a different approach.
她突然想到她可以尝试一种不同的方法。
(4)________________ the project will be completed on time.
很可能这个项目将按时完成。
【答案】(2)It’s a pity that　 (3)It occurred to her that
(4)It’s likely that
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They have __________(宣布) that they will hold their wedding ceremony next Sunday.
2．The best __________(方法) to building up your body is to do exercise every day.
3．After being questioned by the police，she was released without __________(指控).
4．They said goodbye to the villagers，with tears _________ (滚动) down their cheeks.
5．Bill is a ________(慷慨的) person, who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disaster-hit area.
【答案】1.announced　2.approach
3．charge　4.rolling　5.generous
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The company made an __________(announce) that they decided to introduce their products to Asia.
2．With the Spring Festival __________(approach), the students are beginning to talk about their plans.
3．Henry, a boy from the countryside, is eager _________(go) to a famous university, so he always works hard.
4．In the __________(crowd) city, my father prefers walking to taking a bus.
5．__________ is a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.
6．She is very generous __________ her time, but mean with money.
7．He __________(charge) with taking dangerous products，which made us all surprised.
8．So far, large amounts of money _______________(spend) on that big project.
9．I will try my best，but can’t __________(sure) that I will succeed this time.
10．In my opinion, it is important __________ we should value our friends instead of phones in our real life.
【答案】1.announcement　2.approaching
3．to go　4.crowded　5.It　6.with
7．was charged　8.have been spent
9．ensure　10.that
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．________________________，I do believe that I will have a better understanding of your country and culture.
由于你的慷慨帮助，我相信我会更好地了解你的国家和文化。
2．Peter __________________ because he has just left home.
彼得很可能迟到，因为他才刚刚出门。
3．The scientist is explaining how to do the experiment，________________________________________．
这位科学家正在解释如何做那个实验，有很多学生围着他。
【答案】1.Thanks to your generous help
2．is likely to be late
3．with many students surrounding him
提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a large building, but usually, these buildings are not designed with the comfort of a king in mind. When it comes to structures that are both beautiful and defensive, the European castle is a big success.
Castles were originally built in England by the Normans in 1066. They built towers and walls to secure the land they had taken. These castles provided the Normans with a quiet and safe place. They also served as bases of operation for attacks. In this way, castles served both defensive and offensive roles. Besides, castles served as offices for governors. Those that were socially beneath the governor would come to report affairs and express their respect. They would address problems, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities in castles. So castles served as social centres as well.
The first castles were made from earth and wood, and they were likely to suffer from attacks by fire. Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of these towers and walls. However, attackers could throw flaming objects into castles through the windows or burn the wooden doors. This led to moving the windows and entrances off of the ground floor and up to the first floor to make them more difficult to access.
During the Middle Ages, attacks increased in regularity, so castle defenses were updated. Arrow slits were added. They were small holes in the castle, which allowed defenders to fire without being hurt. Towers were built from which defenders could provide fire on both sides. The towers were connected to the castle by wooden bridges, so that if one tower fell, the rest of the castle was still easy to defend. A lot of rings of castle walls were constructed, so that even if attackers went past one wall, they would be caught on a killing ground between inner and outer walls. All of these increased the defence of castles.
The end of castles can be attributed to gunpowder. During the 15th century, artillery, a kind of large guns, became powerful enough to break through stone walls. This greatly made the role of castles less effective. Though castles no longer serve their original purposes, remaining castles receive millions of visitors each year who wish to experience the situations of ancient times.
(　　)1.What was the original function of castles according to the passage
A．They served as tourist attractions.
B．They were important social centres.
C．They marked religious ceremonies.
D．They were built for use in emergencies.
(　　)2.The reason why wooden castles were replaced by stone castles was that ________.
A．stone castles cost less money
B．stone castles offered better defence
C．wooden castles were uncomfortable
D．wooden castles took a long time to build
(　　)3.Which of the following showed an improvement in castle defences
A．Castles were totally separated by stones.
B．Arrow slits were made in large quantities.
C．Rings of walls were built to defend the towers.
D．Windows and entrances were moved to the higher floor.
(　　)4.What is the best title of the passage
A．Fancy Living: Learning About Castles
B．Normans: Bringing Castles to England
C．A History of Castles: The Rise and Fall of Castles
D．Defending Castles: Technologies Used to Defend Castles
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城堡的历史。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“So castles served as social centres as well.”可知，城堡最初的功能是防御和重要的社交中心。故选B项。
2．B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of these towers and walls.”可推知，木头城堡被石头城堡取代的原因是石头城堡提供了更好的防御。故选B项。
3．D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This led to moving the windows and entrances off of the ground floor and up to the first floor to make them more difficult to access.”可知，窗户和入口被移到较高的楼层显示城堡防御有改进。故选D项。
4．C　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“When it comes to structures that are both beautiful and defensive, the European castle is a big success.”和最后一段中的“The end of castles can be attributed to gunpowder.”可知，“城堡的历史：城堡的兴衰”作为文章的标题最佳。故选C项。
Ⅱ. 七选五
Just like the United States, Britain is divided into different areas.Britain is one of the most diverse nations in Europe with over 250 different languages being spoken in London alone.With such a various culture, adapting to it can be a challenge for anyone. 1
Forget the stereotypes(陈旧观念).Many of the long formed stereotypes simply have nothing to do with Britain today.Don’t think that everyone enjoys drinking tea or beer.Abandoning some old ideas of people and culture will allow you to be more open-minded and easily get into the culture.
2 Britain is made up of different regions that have their different traditions and languages.Understanding different cultures will help you avoid making mistakes.
Get used to small spaces.Like all European nations, Britain does not have the luxury of space.Houses, apartments and cars are all smaller. 3 .
4 Always apologise for knocking into someone, even if it is their fault.Respect people’s personal space and always wait in line.Bill Brysons’ book Notes from a Small Island is filled with many useful tips.
Accept the jokes. 5 Kidding, teasing, and “taking the mick” are all ways to describe making fun of someone, but this isn’t necessarily a bad thing.Playing tricks on someone is a common way to show affection.As Britons usually put it, “You never make fun of someone you don’t like.”
A．Be polite.
B．Make friends with them.
C．Don’t play jokes on others.
D．Understand the differences.
E．Following these steps should be of great help to you.
F．Therefore, trying to become familiar with smaller areas is very necessary.
G．One of the most confusing aspects of British culture is humour.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。与美国一样，英国也被划分为不同的地区，英国是欧洲最为多元化的国家之一，仅伦敦就有超过二百五十种不同的语言。文章从美国人的角度介绍了几种适应英国生活的方法。
1．E　根据上文“With such a various culture, adapting to it can be a challenge for anyone.”可知，有了这样一种不同的文化，适应它对任何人都是一种挑战。结合下文可知，E项“遵循这些步骤会对你有很大的帮助。”符合语境，承上启下。故选E项。
2．D　根据下文“Britain is made up of different regions... avoid making mistakes.”可知，了解不同文化和语言可以帮助你避免犯错，D项“了解差异。”总领下文。故选D项。
3．F　根据上文“Get used to small spaces...are all smaller.”可知，英国生活空间较小。其中关键词是smaller，这与F项中的“smaller areas”相呼应。故选F项。
4．A　根据下文“Always apologise for knocking into...their fault.”可知，此处讲述的是需要“有礼貌”，A项“有礼貌。”符合语境。故选A项。
5．G　根据上文“Accept the jokes.”可知，G项“英国文化中最令人困惑的一个方面是幽默。”符合语境。G项中的“humour”与上文中提到的“jokes”以及下文中的“Kidding”等属于同一语义范畴。故选G项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
China is the hometown of kites. Most people believe they
1. 　　 　 (invent) 2,500 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn Period. Later, kites were used by the armies 2. 　　 　 (measure) distance, test the wind, and rescue people. During the Tang Dynasty, kites were used more 3. 　　 　 a tool for fun. At first, only royal family 4. 　　 　 (member) could play with kites.
Later, it became popular among common people 5. 　　 　 flew them on important events and festivals. Every year in spring when the Tomb-sweeping Day 6. 　　 　 (come), almost every household went out to fly the kite and had a picnic on sunny and windy days. It was a good time to display the kites as well as enjoy 7. 　　 　. warm weather and the fresh air.
Nowadays, flying kites has become a popular form of 8. 　 　.
(pleased) and competitions. Flying kites on a spring day can benefit your health physically and 9. 　　 　 (mental). Not only can it build up your body but also it can help 10. 　　 　 (your) keep away from your troubles and forget your worries.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了风筝的起源以及放风筝给人们带来的好处。
1．were invented　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，动词invent和主语they之间是动宾关系；根据时间状语“2,500 years ago”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语they是复数，be动词用were。故填were invented。
2．to measure　考查动词不定式。use sth to do sth意为“使用某物做某事”，不定式作目的状语。故填to measure。
3．as　考查介词。此处指风筝更多地被用作娱乐工具。use...as意为“把……用作”。故填as。
4．members　考查名词的数。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，作主语，应用member的复数形式。故填members。
5．who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
6．came　考查动词的时态。根据下文的“went out”和“had a picnic”可知，该句的时态为一般过去时，此处应用动词过去式。故填came。
7．the　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指温暖的天气，应用定冠词。故填the。
8．pleasure　考查名词。介词of后应用名词作宾语。故填pleasure。
9．mentally　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰动词，应用副词mentally与前面的physically并列作状语。故填mentally。
10．you　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，句子中缺少宾语，此处应用人称代词的宾格形式。故填you。
写作高效提升
◎话题短语
1．warm winters and cool summers 冬暖夏凉
2．lots of rainfall/be rich in rain 雨量充足
3．have a total area of... 有……的总面积
4．have a population of... 有……的人口
5．be well-known as... 作为……而出名
◎话题佳句
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．It’s so nice to meet you here!
2．I feel it a great honour to be your tour guide today.
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
3．It was built in...so it had a very long history.
4．It has become the most popular tourist attraction since...
【回味无穷的结尾句】
5．Wish you have a good time and enjoy yourself.
6．Thanks again for listening.Have a good time!
◎写作范例
【写作任务】
根据以下内容，以“More About Qingdao”为标题，写一篇80词左右的说明文。
1．青岛位于山东省东部；
2．以蓝色的大海，美丽的海滨而闻名，是避暑胜地；
3．每年夏天来自全国各地成千上万的人们到这里沿海漫步、游泳、购物、观赏秀丽景色；
4．近年来城市发生巨大变化，对发展我国对外贸易起重要作用，成为国际港口城市。
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
【写作指导】
1．介绍地点时应用一般现在时；
2．文中一般包括以下要素：地理位置、历史、气候、特产、风景名胜等。在写作时，不要逐句翻译，可用恰当的介词短语、从句将多个信息点合并为一个句子。
3．文章首句给出地理位置，中间主体内容是具体要点的陈述，结尾部分表达城市地位。
【参考范文】
More About Qingdao
The city of Qingdao is located in the east of Shandong Province, which is well worth visiting.
It is famous for the blue sea and beautiful beaches.It is such a wonderful place for summer holidays that tens of thousands of people from all parts of the country pay a visit to Qingdao every summer.
They walk along the beach, go swimming or do some shopping. Besides, the good view of the city is what impresses people.
Great changes have taken place in Qingdao in the recent years.It has played an important part in the development of the foreign trade of our country.It has become an international port city.
◎写作练笔
假定你是李华，校英语俱乐部在上周五举办了“用英语介绍中国传统文化”的活动。作为俱乐部成员，请你写一篇新闻稿，投稿至校英语报。内容包括：
1．活动目的和内容；
2．活动反响。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80词左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
__________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Last Friday, the English Club organised an event themed “Introducing Traditional Chinese Culture in English”， whose aim was to improve students’ oral English and deepen their understanding of Chinese culture.
Students delivered wonderful presentations on topics like Chinese festivals, folk arts and traditional handicrafts. They shared vivid stories and fascinating facts, bringing the charm of Chinese culture to life. Many students said they not only bettered language abilities, but also felt strong cultural confidence.
The event was a great success, and everyone is looking forward to more such activities in the future.(共86张PPT)
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Period Two　Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A．位置；地点；地方　　
B．战役；搏斗；奋斗
C．王国；领域　
D．港口(城市)
E．最重要的；最高级别的
1．Generally speaking, a port is a place nearby a sea or on a river. (　　)
2．A battle finally broke out between the two countries. (　　)
3．A kingdom is a country that is ruled by a king or queen. (　　)
【答案】1—3 DBC
4．Do you know what the exact location of the bookstore is？ (　　)
5．The chief objection to this book is its great length. (　　)
【答案】4—5 AE
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．locate v．位于→____________　n．位置；地点；地方
2．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→________　adj.入迷的；吸引人的
3．achieve v．取得；实现→_______________　n．成就；功绩；达到
【答案】1.location　2.fascinated　3．achievement
4．puzzle n．谜；疑问；智力游戏 vt.迷惑；使困惑→ ____________ adj.令人迷惑的
5．surround v．围绕；包围→________________　n．周围；周围环境
【答案】4.puzzling　5.surrounding
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can ______________(导致) being fat.
2．I really don’t know to whom this book __________(属于).
3．We all know that she is a talented musician ___________ (也；和) a photographer.
【答案】1.result in　2.belongs　3.as well as
4．When the car stopped in the town square, it ____________ (被……围绕) excited fans.
5．You have no choice but to _____________________(摆脱) the illegal organisation.
【答案】4．was surrounded by　5.break away from
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(　　)1.What is mainly discussed in this passage
A．The history of the United Kingdom.
B．The geography of the United Kingdom.
C．The people of the United Kingdom.
D．The politics of the United Kingdom.
【答案】A
(　　)2.Which invaders influenced London’s language most
A．Anglo-Saxons.　 B．Romans.
C．Normans. D．Vikings.
【答案】 A
(　　)3.From the passage，we know that ________．
A．all the four countries share the same educational system
B．the Romans came to England before the Anglo-Saxons
C．it was easy for Northern Ireland to join England, Scotland and Wales
D． the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK in the 19th century
【答案】B
(　　)4.How many countries does the UK consist of
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
【答案】C
(　　)5.What should you do if you want to make your trip to the UK more enjoyable
A．Know the location.
B．Find a company.
C．Find a good guide.
D．Study the history of the country ahead of time.
【答案】D
Ⅱ.判断正误
(　　)1.It’s necessary to know a little bit about British history when understanding the differences between the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain and England.
(　　)2.The country of Wales joined to the Kingdom of England in the 17th century.
【答案】1—2 TF
(　　)3.The four countries mentioned in the text use different flags and education systems.
(　　)4.The United Kingdom has an interesting history and rich culture.
(　　)5.The Vikings conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 12th century.
【答案】3—5 FTF
Ⅲ.段落大意匹配题
(　　)1.Part 1　(Paras.1－2)
(　　)2.Part 2　(Para.3)
(　　)3.Part 3　(Paras.4－5)
A．The history, traditions and culture of the United Kingdom.
B．The origin of the name of the UK.
C．The four countries work together in some areas.
【答案】1—3 BCA
Ⅳ.阅读课文，完成下面的思维导图
【答案】1.the Kingdom of England　2.18th　3.was added to　4.broke away from　5.names
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．defence n．防御；保卫
(P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
【翻译】像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
All the people were fighting against the flood in defence of their own homes.
为了保卫自己的家园，所有的人都在与洪水作斗争。
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The country defended its borders ________ enemy attacks.
(2)__________ defence, he said he was innocent.
(3)The team’s weak points are in __________(defend).
【答案】(1)against/from　(2)In (3)defence
完成句子
(4)I have to say ______________ that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
【答案】 in her defence
2．evidence n．证据；证明
(P40)Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
【翻译】在英国，几乎你无论走到哪里，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国的证据。
Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.
现代科学对吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)There is some __________(evident) that eating too much snacks is bad for health.
(2)His love for music is _______(evidence) in his every article.
(3)Researchers are searching __________ evidence about the origin of the disease.
【答案】(1)evidence　(2)evident　 (3)for
完成句子
(4)__________________________ she has made great efforts in this exam.
显然，她在这次考试中付出了很大努力。
【答案】 It’s evident that
3．break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
(P40)Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
【翻译】最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这形成了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
It took great courage to break away from his family at that time.
在那时与家庭决裂需要勇气。
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)After a long time, the research team broke __________ the technical barrier(障碍).
(2)The company is trying to break away _____________ its downmarket image.
(3)An epidemic(流行病) may break __________ if measures are not taken.
【答案】(1)through　(2)from　(3)out
完成句子
(4)The police came to ____________ the fight between the two men.
警察来制止两个男人之间的打斗。
【答案】 break up
4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
(P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
【翻译】像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
The menu contained traditional favourites as well as more adventurous dishes.
这份菜单有受欢迎的传统菜，也有较为新奇的菜肴。
【用法详解】
在“A as well as/together with/along with/with/rather than B＋谓语动词＋其他”中，谓语动词要和A保持一致，即遵循“就远原则”。
【联想】
当主语被neither...nor..., either...or..., not only...but also..., not...but...等修饰或在there be句型中，谓语动词也遵循“就近原则”。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Dr Li, as well as her partners, ____________(have) been working hard to treat patients in the past two months.
(2)Neither the teacher nor the students _________(be) satisfied with the result.
【答案】(1)has　(2)were/are
(3)Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer __________(give) wonderful performances at the concert recently.
完成句子
(4)You can choose ________ red ________ blue for the dress.
你可以为这件衣服选择红色或蓝色。
【答案】(3)has given　(4)either; or
5．keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意
(P41)If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
【翻译】如果你留心，你会惊奇地发现，你能看到它的过去和现在。
Jack has trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.
杰克很难跟上班里的其他同学。
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)His mother tried to keep him from _______(play) computer games.
(2)They kept in touch __________ each other after graduating from college.
(3)It’s not easy to keep up __________ the rapid development of technology.
【答案】(1)playing　(2)with　(3)with
完成句子
(4)_________________ the doors while the train is moving.
列车运行时请远离车门。
(5)They ___________________ until they finally succeeded.
他们不断尝试，直到最终成功。
【答案】(4)Keep away from　(5)kept on trying
◇句式解读
1．(P40－41)They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
【翻译】他们引进了英语，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
【考点提炼】
the way后是省略了that/in which的定语从句。
【归纳拓展】
the way 可在句子中作主语、宾语和方式状语。另外，way表示“方式，方法”时，其后还可以接不定式或of doing sth 的形式。
(1)句中的定语从句people built houses修饰先行词the way，其前省略了关系词that/in which；
(2)the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语，引导词为that/which且不能省略；
(3)the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作宾语，引导词为that/which且可以省略。
I’d like to settle the problem in a way which/that is peaceful.
我想用和平的方法解决这个问题。
[针对练习]
一句多译
我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。
(1)I don’t like ___________________ you.
(2)I don’t like ____________ you.(in which引导的定语从句)
(3)I don’t like _______________ you.(that引导的定语从句)
【答案】(1)the way she speaks to
(2)the way in which she speaks to
(3)the way that she speaks to
2．(P41)There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.
【翻译】关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有很多要学习的。
【考点提炼】
本句为“there be＋主语＋非谓语动词”结构，这个结构大多翻译为“有……”。
【归纳拓展】
Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.
昨天晚上，有数百万人在看开幕式的现场直播。
【注意】
在这个句子结构中，当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动形式和被动形式均可；有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。
There is no time to lose/to be lost.
时间不容耽搁。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)There are still millions of people ________(suffer) from hunger nowadays.
(2)There will be some volunteers _________(help) in remote areas.
(3)There is still some support _____(give) by the local people.
【答案】(1)suffering　(2)to help　(3)given
句型转换
(4)There are some students on the playground.They are playing basketball.
→There are some students on the playground __________ basketball.
【答案】 playing
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As the old saying goes, “Together，________(个人) can make a difference.”
2．The country needs a ____________(防御) capability as insurance against the unexpected.
3．My mother works in a __________(附近的) company and she usually walks home.
4．The __________(位置) of the Arts Theatre was considered a poor area of town.
5．They were unwilling to accept the fact that their son died in the __________(战斗).
6．As is known to all，China has made great ________(成就) during the past decades.
7．How can one ever separate out the act from the attitudes that __________(围绕) it
【答案】1.individuals　2.defence　3.nearby
4．location　5.battle　6.achievements
7．surround
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When he woke up，he found himself ________(surround) by some doctors.
2．If you continue to do __________(legal) things, you will end up in prison sooner or later.
3．I am quite ________(confuse) by Chinese table manners. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some tips on how to behave properly at a dinner party.
4．As well as __________(study) English at school，Alice taught herself Japanese at home.
5．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in __________(defend).
6．There is __________(evident) that Beijing Man first used fire to cook food.
7．He passed the college entrance examination，________ made his parents very proud.
8．There is so much more __________(learn) about the interesting history and culture of the great country.
【答案】1.surrounded　2.illegal　3.confused
4．studying　5.defence　6.evidence　7.which
8．to learn
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．In the last few years, China _________________________ _______________________________.
在过去的几年里，中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。
2．Yuan Longping，_______________________________，was awarded National Medals on September 29,2019.
著名科学家袁隆平于2019年9月29日被授予共和国勋章。
3．_______________________________________________ is the key step to make life healthy.
保持环境清洁无污染是使人们生活健康的关键一步。
4．Vancouver is Canada’s warmest and most beautiful city.It ___________________________________ and the Pacific Ocean.
温哥华是加拿大最温暖、最美丽的城市。它被群山和太平洋环绕。
【答案】
1．has made great achievements in environmental protection
2．known as a famous scientist
3．Keeping the environment clean and free of pollution
4．is surrounded by mountains
提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
4 World Heritage Sites in China
The Temple of Heaven
Located in the southern part of Beijing, the Temple of Heaven is a magnificent complex of fine cultural buildings set in gardens.
The sacred place served as a complex of sacrificial buildings for the Ming and Qing emperors, and is the largest one in Beijing among several royal altars(神坛) to the Heaven, Earth, the Sun, the Moon and other symbolic forces of nature. It symbolises the relationship between earth and heaven—the human world and God’s world—which stands at the heart of Chinese cosmogony(宇宙进化论).
Mogao Caves
Located in southeast of the Dunhuang Oasis, Gansu Province, the Mogao Caves, also known as the Thousand-Buddha Caves, are the world’s largest and longest used treasure house of Buddhist art. According to historical records, the carving of the caves started in 366 AD and continued for about 1,000 years. The 492 well-preserved cells and cave sanctuaries(内殿) in Mogao, housing about 45,000 square metres of murals(壁画) and more than 2,000 painted sculptures, are well-known for their statues and wall paintings.
Fujian Tulou
Fujian Tulou consists of 46 buildings constructed between the 15th and 20th centuries. Several storeys high, the earthen houses were built along an inward-looking, circular or square floor plan as housing for up to 800 people each. They were built for defense purposes around a central open courtyard with only one entrance and windows to the outside only above the first floor. Housing a whole clan, the houses functioned as village units and were known as “a little kingdom for the family”．
The Leshan Giant Buddha
The Leshan Giant Buddha is said to be the biggest Buddha statue in the world. The way in which the cultural features have been integrated with the natural scenery is considered to be a precious legacy. The Giant Buddha statue, carved on the mountain, stands 71 m high, with its back against Mount Jiuding. There are more than 90 stone carvings and Buddha shrines(圣地) on both sides of the Giant Buddha.
(　　)1.Which of the following served as a sacrificial place in the past
A．Fujian Tulou.
B．Mogao Caves.
C．The Temple of Heaven.
D．The Leshan Giant Buddha.
(　　)2.What feature of Fujian Tulou shows its defensive function
A．They are several storeys high.
B．They can hold hundreds of people.
C．They have windows on the first floor.
D．They have only one access to the outside.
(　　)3.What do Mogao Caves and the Leshan Giant Buddha have in common
A．They were both royal places.
B．They were both found in caves.
C．They are both religious resorts (名胜).
D．They both have historic murals.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了中国四个世界闻名的遗产地：北京天坛、莫高窟、福建土楼和乐山大佛。
1．C　细节理解题。 由第一部分第一句和第二句中的“as a complex of sacrificial buildings ...”可知，天坛是以花园为背景的宏伟的文化精品建筑群。这个神圣的地方曾经是明、清朝代的祭祀建筑。故选C项。
2．D　细节理解题。由第三部分第三句“They were built for defense purposes around a central open courtyard with only one entrance and windows to the outside only above the first floor.”可知，出于防御目的，福建土楼只有一个出入口。故选D项。
3．C　细节理解题。由第二部分中的“...the Mogao Caves, also known as the Thousand-Buddha Caves, are the world’s largest and longest used treasure house of Buddhist art.”和第四部分中的“The Leshan Giant Buddha is said to be the biggest Buddha statue in the world.”可知，莫高窟和乐山大佛都是宗教圣地。故选C项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Head to Flint Michigan, on a Wednesday night, and you’ll see a blinding display of lights near the river.
The tradition 1 on a whim in 2010 with Daniel Riddick, a doctor in Hurley Children’s Hospital in Province, Rhode Island. His patient, a teenager, had been in the hospital long-term. During his stay, Daniel had 2 the kid so deeply that he decided that on the boy’s 3 night there, he would do something 4 for the final parting.
As he left, Daniel told the boy to 5 the corner near the bus stop from his window. Daniel 6 to that spot, turned around, and flickered(闪烁) his bike light up towards the hospital. To his surprise, the teen flickered his own room lights to 7 . “From a quarter mile away it was very 8 where the kid was，” says Daniel. “I figured if it 9 once, I could do it again.” And so he did.
Daniel made it a 10 to flicker his bike lights to kids as he left for the night as a 11 way to say goodbye. The nightly tradition became such a 12 that customers started joining in with flashlights and smart-phones too.
The tradition has 13 inspired those beyond Michigan and Daniel hopes it 14 even more. “It could happen anywhere if someone is willing to give it a try with one 15 ，” he says.
(　　)1.A.developed B．survived
C．continued D．started
(　　)2.A.negotiated with B．bonded with
C．agreed with D．accommodated with
(　　)3.A.last B．usual
C．scary D．challenging
(　　)4.A.essential B．accurate
C．special D．tolerant
(　　)5.A.witness B．appreciate
C．watch D．explore
(　　)6.A.slid B．biked
C．drove D．paced
(　　)7.A.signal B．warn
C．check D．respond
(　　)8.A.evident B．important
C．probable D．surprising
(　　)9.A.worked B．changed
C．happened D．mattered
(　　)10.A.duty B．assignment
C．practice D．commitment
(　　)11.A.casual B．trendy
C．strange D．fun
(　　)12.A.phenomenon B．miracle
C．hit D．celebration
(　　)13.A.only B．even
C．nearly D．ever
(　　)14.A.improves B．spreads
C．extends D．accelerates
(　　)15.A.light B．message
C．hope D．sign
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了医生Daniel在弗林特市医院为一位长期住院的患者送别时，点亮了自行车灯，并以此为起点开始了每晚向患者告别的传统。
1．D　考查动词辨析。根据下文的“The nightly tradition became such a 12 that customers started joining in with flashlights and smartphones too.”可知，此处强调的是这个传统是怎么开始的。故选D项。
2．B　考查动词短语辨析。根据下文的“the kid so deeply that he decided that on the boy’s 3 night there, he would do something 4 for the parting”可知，他决定为小男孩在医院的最后一晚做些事情。由此可知，他和住院的小男孩感情很好很深。bonded with“与……建立联系/亲密关系”符合语境。故选B项。
3．A　考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“the final parting”可知，这是小男孩在这家医院的最后一晚。故选A项。
4．C　考查形容词辨析。根据上文的“Daniel had 2 the kid so deeply”以及下文的“for the final parting”可知，Daniel和小男孩有深厚的感情，在离别时刻应该要做些特殊的事情。故选C项。
5．C　考查动词辨析。根据下文的“the corner near the bus stop from his window...flickered(闪烁) his bike light up towards the hospital.”可知，Daniel要去街角用自行车灯和小男孩告别。此处应该是小男孩在窗户那里观察。故选C项。
6．B　考查动词辨析。根据下文的“flickered(闪烁) his bike light up towards the hospital”可知，Daniel是骑着自行车去的。故选B项。
7．D　考查动词辨析。根据上文的“flickered(闪烁) his bike light up towards the hospital...the teen flickered his own room lights”可知，Daniel朝医院方向闪烁车灯，小男孩看到后，也闪烁自己房间的灯。这是在做出回应，意在告诉Daniel，他看到了闪烁车灯。故选D项。
8．A　考查形容词辨析。根据上文的“the teen flickered his own room lights to 7 ”可知，Daniel看到了小男孩用自己房间的灯光做出的回应。因此，此处指Daniel清楚地明显地知道了小男孩的位置。故选A项。
9．A　考查动词辨析。根据“‘I figured if it 9 once, I could do it again.’ And so he did.”可知，Daniel发现这种和孩子告别的方法起到了作用，所以他又做了一次。worked“工作；起作用”符合语境。故选A项。
10．C　考查名词辨析。根据下文的“to flicker his bike lights to kids as he left for the night as a 11 way to say goodbye.The nightly tradition...”可知，Daniel把在晚上出门时向孩子们闪烁他的自行车车灯养成一种习惯。practice在此意为“习惯做法”，与下文的“tradition”意思相近，符合语境。故选C项。
11．D　考查形容词辨析。根据上文的“...flickered(闪烁) his bike light up towards the hospital.To his surprise, the teen flickered his own room lights to 7 ．”以及语境可知，用闪烁车灯告别是一种有趣的做法。故选D项。
12．C　考查名词辨析。根据下文的“that customers started joining in with flashlights and smartphones too”可知，很多人开始加入闪烁灯光的行动中来。因此，这一夜间传统在人群中很受欢迎。故选C项。
13．B　考查副词辨析。根据下文的“inspired those beyond Michigan...even more”可知，这样一个做法甚至激励了密歇根以外的人。此处用程度副词even加深语气，表示递进，符合语境。故选B项。
14．B　考查动词辨析。根据上文的“inspired those beyond Michigan”以及下文的“even more”可知，Daniel希望这种传统能传播得更广。故选B项。
15．A　考查名词辨析。根据文中关键词light以及语境可知，此处应填light，属于原词复现。故选A项。(共20张PPT)
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
单元要点回顾
知识要点 重点内容
重点词汇 1．__________ adj.单独的；个别的　n．个人　　　
2.Confucius n．________
3．_______ adj.最重要的；最高级的 n．首领　
4.philosophy n．_______
5．________ adj.附近的；邻近的　adv.在附近
6.currency n．_____________
7．__________ adj.军事的；军用的
8.port n. ____________
individual
孔子
chief
哲学
nearby
通货；货币
military
港口(城市)
知识要点 重点内容
重点词汇 9．__________ n．防御；保卫
10.gallery n. ________________
11．______ adj.法律的；合法的　
12.landscape n. _______
13．__________ vt.围绕；包围
14．butter n. ____________　vt. __________
15．__________ n．证据；证明
16.honey n. _______
defence
展览馆；画廊
legal
风景
surround
黄油；奶油
涂黄油于
evidence
蜂蜜
知识要点 重点内容
重点词汇 17．snack n. ____________
18．__________ n．地方；地点；位置
19．poet n. _______
20．________ n．战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
21．county n. __________
22．________ n．收费；指控；主管　vt.控告；充电
23．cattle n. ____
24．__________ vt.宣布；通知；声称
点心；小吃
location
诗人
battle
郡；县
charge
牛
announce
知识要点 重点内容
重点词汇 25．pub n. ____________
26．_________ n．金额；数量
27．ocean n. ____________
28．__________ n．方法；途径；接近　vt.接近；接洽；着手处理　vi. 靠近
29．wine n. ______________
30．________ vt.保证；确保；担保
酒吧；酒馆
amount
大海；海洋
approach
葡萄酒；果酒
ensure
知识要点 重点内容
重点词汇 31．generous adj. __________________________
32．__________ n．祖先；祖宗
33．position n．__________________ vt．___________
34．_______ adj.热切的；渴望的
35．roll vi.& vt．___________________________　
n．______________
36．________ vt.问候；迎接
慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
ancestor
位置；姿态；职位
安装；安置
eager
vi & vt. (使)翻滚；(使)滚动
卷(轴)；翻滚
greet
知识要点 重点内容
重点词汇 37．custom n. ____________________
38．__________ n．人群；一群人；民众　vt.挤满；使……拥挤
39．kingdom n. ____________
40．__________ vi.应在(某处)；适应
41．beer n. ____________
风俗；习俗；习惯
crowd
王国；领域
belong
(一杯)啤酒
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 1．_______ n．谜；智力游戏；疑问　vt.迷惑；使困惑→_________ adj.迷惑不解的→_________ adj.令人迷惑的
2．__________ vi.应在(某处)；适应→__________ n．财产；所有物
3．__________ n．防御；保卫→__________ vt.保护；保卫
puzzle
puzzled
puzzling
belong
belongings
defence
defend
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 4．_______ adj.法律的；合法的→________ adj.不合法的(反义词)
5．__________ vt.围绕；包围→____________ adj.周围的→____________ n．周围的事物；环境
6．__________ n．证据；证明→_________ adj.清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的
7．____________ n．成就；成绩；达到→________ vt.完成；达到
legal
illegal
surround
surrounding
surroundings
evidence
evident
achievement
achieve
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 8．__________ n．地方；地点；位置→__________ vt.位于；坐落于
9．______________ adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→ __________ vt.使着迷；使人神魂颠倒
10．______________ vt.宣布；通知；声称→ ________________ n．通知
location
locate
fascinating
fascinate
announce
announcement
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 11．____________ adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→ ____________ n．慷慨；大方
12．_______ adj.热切的；渴望的→_________ adv.热切地；渴望地
13．________ vt.问候；迎接→_________ n．问候
14．_________ n．人群；一群人；民众　vt.挤满；使……拥挤→__________ adj.拥挤的
eager
eagerly
greet
greeting
crowd
crowded
generous
generosity
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 1.把……和……连接或联合起来
_________
2．break away from ___________________
3．属于 __________
4．as well as ____________________
5．留心；留意 _______________________
join...to
脱离；背叛；逃离
belong to
同(一样也)；和；还
keep your eyes open (for)
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 6．be surrounded by/with... ______________
7．坐落于 ______________
8．be eager for/be eager to do ______________
9．成就感 ____________________
10．be crowded with _______
被……包围着
be located in
渴望/渴望做
a sense of achievement
挤满
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, ________ resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这形成了我们今天有的英国全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
which
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 2．They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed __________ people built houses.
他们引进了英语，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
3．__________________ of the country will make your visit much _______________．
学习这个国家的历史将使你的旅行更加愉快。
the way
Studying the history
more enjoyable
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 4．If you keep your eyes open, you will be __________ ________ that you can see both its past and its present.
如果你留心，你会惊奇地发现，你能看到它的过去和现在。
surprised
to find
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 5．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is ______________________， with its rolling green hills ___________ sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
a true feast for the eyes
dotted with
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
1．I heard the song _______(sing) in English.
2．He found his hometown greatly _________(change).
3．She is a teacher ____________(respect) by all her students.
sung
changed
respected
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 4．They use the same flag, ___________(know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
5．They had castles _______(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
known
built(共92张PPT)
第二部分　单元测试卷
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
(满分：120分　建议用时：120分钟)
第一部分　单项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(　　)1.He knew clearly that the __________ he offered would stand up in the court.
A．evidence　 B．evident
C．evidently D．evidences
(　　)2.The woman as well as her younger sister ________ an English teacher.
A．are B．is
C．be D．were
(　　)3.It was a great __________ that a month later a global agreement was reached.
A．landscape B．achievement
C．philosophy D．evidence
(　　)4.He thus avoided a pack of journalists __________ to question him.
A．eager B．individual
C．generous D．legal
(　　)5.The fees they __________ are unreasonable. They should return the money to us.
A．charge B．battle
C．ensure D．announce
(　　)6.His car __________ on the way, and that was why he was late for the meeting.
A．broke away from B．broke down
C．broke up D．broke into
(　　)7.Maria has written two novels, both of __________ have been made into television series.
A．where B．that
C．which D．whose
(　　)8.You can visit the page and join __________ the celebration.
A．to B．/　
C．in D．up
(　　)9.When the little girl was asked such a __________ question, she stood there with a ________ look on her face.
A．puzzling; puzzled B．puzzled; puzzling
C．puzzled; puzzled D．puzzling; puzzling
(　　)10.Nowadays, AI is already __________ in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few.
A．being applied B．applying
C．to apply D．apply
【答案】1－5 ABBAA 　6－10 BCCAA
第二部分　阅读(满分40分)
第一节　(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
The Inca Empire was the most powerful of the day, ruling western South America between 1400 and 1533.And the Inca leaders sometimes needed vacations! That’s why the Inca built Machu Picchu in what’s now Peru. All that’s left today are ruins, but about 500 years ago, it was a bustling royal residence. Peek into the past to discover the secrets of this awesome spot.
ROYAL RELAXATION
The royal family lived mostly in the mountainous capital city, Cusco. But during the winter, they could move down to the warmer Machu Picchu. Emperor Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui likely ordered construction of it around 1450.There, the royals could feast and entertain guests. The other 750 residents served the rulers and maintained the city.
PERFECT FIT
Earthquakes are common in Peru, so Inca builders designed Machu Picchu to resist these shakes. They cut the stones to fit together, and they didn’t use any material, like cement, to bind them. This way, when the ground shook, the stones could bounce(弹跳) around and then settle back into place.
CODED LANGUAGE
The Inca didn’t have a written language and instead used knotted cords called quipu (KEE-poo) to send messages and keep records. Experts think the style of the knot and the colour of the string contained information. Researchers are now using computers to try to untangle these long-lost codes.
(　　)11.Why did the Inca Empire build Machu Picchu
A．For pleasure of more residents.
B．For the recreation of the leaders.
C．For relocating the capital city.
D．For appealing to more vacationers.
(　　)12.What did Inca builders do to resist the shakes
A．They made the stones fit together.
B．They used cement to bind them.
C．They made the stones bounce around.
D．They settled the stones back into place.
(　　)13.How did the Inca share important information
A．By telling others face to face.
B．By writing it down on large stones.
C．By using their own unique language.
D．By colouring some materials picked.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了马丘比丘建造的原因以及三方面的特点。
11．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“And the Inca leaders sometimes needed vacations! That’s why the Inca built Machu Picchu in what’s now Peru.”可知，印加帝国建造马丘比丘是为了统治者们的娱乐。故选B项。
12．A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They cut the stones to fit together, and they didn’t use any material, like cement, to bind them.This way, when the ground shook, the stones could bounce(弹跳) around and then settle back into place.”可知，印加建造者把石头拼在一起来抵御地震。故选A项。
13．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The Inca didn’t have a written language and instead used knotted cords called quipu (KEE-poo) to send messages and keep records.”可知，印加人通过使用自己独特的语言来分享重要信息。故选C项。
B
Dala horses, the brightly painted wooden horses, with their complex patterns, come from the Dalarna region and date back to the 1600s. Originally carved as toys, they gradually became the symbols of Swedish tradition over time.
That was my first learning about Dala horses from a book on Swedish culture. While I didn’t fully understand the deeper meaning at that time, I was immediately drawn to their charm and uniqueness.
When I was younger, I remember how excited I was when my parents took me to a craft workshop. I had seen these colourful horses in many places—on postcards, at the zoo and even in shops. But this time, I was going to create one myself.
The process was so much fun! First, we started with a small wooden block. We used carving tools to carefully shape the wood into a horse. It was a bit tricky at first, and my hands were so shaky, but as I kept carving, the shape of the horse slowly started to appear.
Onc we were done carving, it was time to paint! I felt like an artist as I painted tiny flowers and swirls (旋涡) on its body. My horse was not perfect, but it felt like a masterpiece to me!
I still remember how proud I felt holding the finished horse. Its patterns, painted in bright red, blue and yellow, looked like the Dala horses I had seen before. My parents told me that the colours and designs meant something special, and I could tell this little wooden horse had a bigger meaning than just being a decoration.
Years later, I still have that Dala horse in my room. It’s a reminder of that wonderful day and my connection to Swedish traditions. The Dala horse is more than a piece of art—it’s a symbol of history, culture, and cherished memories.
(　　)14.Which is the true statement about the Dala horse
A．It was originally used as a decoration.
B．It came from the Swedish region of Dalarna.
C．It originated from a famous book in Swedish culture.
D．It is a modern invention inspired by traditional wooden toys.
(　　)15.How did the author feel when he first learned about the Dala horse
A．Indifferent. B．Confused.
C．Fascinated. D．Skeptical.
(　　)16.Why did the author like his Dala horse so much
A．His parents spoke highly of his remarkable carving skills.
B．It served as a reminder of his bond with Swedish traditions.
C．It approached an ideal state of perfection in form and detail.
D．It exhibited a remarkable similarity to the ones on postcards.
(　　)17.What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Dala Horses: Carved from Happiness
B．Dala Horses: A Swedish Artistic Wonder
C．Discovering the Beauty of Dala Horses’ Patterns
D．The History and Making of Dala Horses in Sweden
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从书中了解到瑞典达拉木马，对其产生兴趣，之后在手工坊亲手制作达拉木马，这一经历不仅让作者感受到制作的乐趣，更让作者体会到它所承载的瑞典传统文化。
14．B　细节理解题。根据第一段“Dala horses, the brightly painted wooden horses, with their complex patterns... became the symbols of Swedish tradition over time.”可知，达拉木马来自瑞典的达拉纳地区。故选B项。
15．C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That was my first learning about Dala horses...I was immediately drawn to their charm and uniqueness.”可知，作者第一次了解到达拉木马时，被它们的魅力和独特性所吸引，即感到着迷。故选C项。
16．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Years later, I still have that Dala horse in my room. It’s a reminder of that wonderful day and my connection to Swedish traditions.”可推知，作者非常喜欢他的达拉木马，因为它提醒着作者与瑞典传统的联系。故选B项。
17．B　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是结合第一段和最后一段的内容可知，本文介绍了达拉木马的起源，讲述作者了解并亲手制作达拉木马的经历，最后强调它不仅是一件艺术品，更是瑞典历史文化和珍贵回忆的象征。由此可知，B项“达拉木马：瑞典的艺术奇迹”作为文章的标题最佳。故选B项。
C
There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.
On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness.
Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same.
Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavour can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes in the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavours that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.
We should embrace our heritage through our traditional food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.
(　　)18.What’s the function of food mentioned in the article
A．To show national identity.
B．To help motivate homesickness.
C．To reflect a country’s history.
D．To show a community’s superiority.
(　　)19.What does traditional food mean to immigrants
A．A way to make money and feed their children.
B．A means of cultural confidence and easing homesickness.
C．A strong ambition and drive to travel.
D．A means of comforting others.
(　　)20.Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant
A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.
B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.
C．To present their own food culture in a new way.
D．To make the dishes popular among customers.
(　　)21.What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures
A．Negative. B．Unfair.
C．Positive. D．Opposed.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统食物与文化之间的联系。
18．A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It also operates as an expression of culture identity.”可知，传统食物被当作文化认同的一种表达方式，即传统食物展示了民族认同感。故选A项。
19．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness.”可知，移民者无论走到哪里，都会带着它，它是文化自豪感的象征，是缓解乡愁的方式。故选B项。
20．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Therefore, they have to make small changes in the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.”可知，移民者对菜品进行调整是为了使这些菜肴更加受欢迎。故选D项。
21．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“We should embrace our heritage through our traditional food...and it should be treated as such.”可知，作者认为不同的食物代表不同的文化，我们既要通过我们的传统食物来坚持自己的文化自信，也要尝试不同的食物以了解其他文化。由此可知，作者对不同的食物文化持积极肯定的态度。故选C项。
D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not favour one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally, a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases, we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s adventure and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.
If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of misunderstanding from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted(扭曲), especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals,
the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: A history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider connection between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation,_we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
(　　)22.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is trust worthy.
(　　)23.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was one-sided.
(　　)24.What does the underlined word “conversation”in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Problem. B．History.
C．Civilisation. D．Society.
(　　)25.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B．A Short History of Australia
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects
D．How Art Works Tell Stories
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了书写历史应结合文字与实物。
22．A　段落大意题。结合第一段的描述可知，第一段主要讲述历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A项。
23．D　推理判断题。由第二段中的“From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)...the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.”可知，库克船长的记录是片面的。故选D项。
24．B　词义猜测题。结合第三段的描述可知，谈话的另一半指的是历史，因为历史是由有文字和无文字社会共同构成的对话，conversation在此处指的是“历史”。故选B项。
25．C　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段的内容可知，文章重点讲述的是与历史相关的物件和内容，由此可知，文章最有可能选自《通过100件物品讲述世界历史》。故选C项。
第二节　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
The Manly History of Knitting(编织)
Knitting has seen a massive return lately. 26 Today, it’s mainly thought of as a woman’s pastime(消遣), although more and more men are picking up knitting needles as well. That’s not an odd thing at all—in fact, they’re following in the footsteps of centuries of manly knitters.
It’s been suggested that the earliest roots of knitting were found in the minds and hands of fishermen. The theory, although it’s unproven, says that catching fish one at a time with a single line was difficult and time-consuming. 27 They used the nets to catch fish, and the roots of knitting were born.
The earliest knitted objects we have ever found are some pretty impressive Egyptian socks.The socks have some small, complex patterns on them.
The art form had been just about perfected around the 10th century.
28 It was something for the upper class. Knitted items were found in the tombs of Spanish royalty.
In the 1400s came the establishment of guilds(公会) to teach the art of knitting. The guilds only consisted of males, and the process that was required to join them was extremely difficult. Teenage boys who were destined(注定) for the knitters’ guild had six years of training ahead of them before they could even think about becoming an official knitter. 29 .
The shift in knitting from a male-only occupation to a female-dominated hobby came in the Victorian era.With the invention of knitting machines, it was no longer necessary for tradesmen to go through all the years of training. 30 By 1880, the idea of women knitting scarves, socks, and gloves for a lover was a notion romanticised in poetry.
A．The history of knitting is a little foggy.
B．Fishermen tied ropes together to form nets.
C．Women began to take up knitting as a hobby.
D．European knitting came around by 1275 or so.
E．They would be required to create a knitted carpet.
F．Social media is full of people sharing their latest creations.
G．Men would then need to complete an entrance exam for the guild.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了关于男性在编织方面的历史。
26．F　根据上文“Knitting has seen a massive return lately.”可知，目前编织业出现了大规模的回归。下文“Today, it’s mainly thought of...men are picking up knitting needles as well.”进一步说明了编织受到男人和女人的喜爱，因此，空格处为过渡句。F项“社交媒体上到处都是分享自己最新作品的人。”进一步说明了编织受人们欢迎的具体表现，承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。
27．B　根据上文“The theory, although it’s unproven, says that catching fish one at a time with a single line was difficult and time-consuming.”可知，渔民们发现用一条线钓鱼很难，暗示他们会想办法解决这一问题。B项“渔民们把绳子系在一起编成网。”承接上文，且B项中的“Fishermen”与本段首句的“fishermen”相呼应，下文中的“the nets”指代的是B项中的“nets”。故选B项。
28．D　根据上文“The art form had been just about perfected around the 10th century.”以及语境可知，接下来叙述的是十世纪时编织艺术的发展。下文“It was something for the upper class.”中的“It”指代的就是D项中的“European knitting”。D项“欧洲针织大约在1275年左右出现。”符合语境。故选D项。
29．G　根据上文“In the 1400s came the establishment of guilds(公会) to...becoming an official knitter.”可知，
男孩如何学会编织，并成为一名编织工的过程。G项“然后，男性需要完成公会的入学考试。”补充说明了男性成为编织工的完整过程，符合语境。故选G项。
30．C　根据段落主题句“The shift in knitting from a male-only occupation to a female-dominated hobby came in the Victorian era.”可知，编织成了越来越多女性的爱好。C项“女性开始把编织当作一种爱好。”是对主题句的具体解释，符合语境。故选C项。
第三部分　完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
The number of times I’ve been asked how I became a food and travel writer is too many to count. Frankly, I’m not exactly sure how to 31 . Eating is a necessary part of life, and I appreciate good
32 ， whether it’s chicken and rice served from a hawker stall or a perfect dish in a Michelin-starred restaurant.
I’m not a 33 writer of food, since I 34 review restaurants in the traditional sense. Instead, I’m more interested in food’s 35 . and what it reveals about cultures. For instance, how did Mexican cacao get to Europe, and how did the Czech kolache find its way to Central Texas Knowing the 36 behind such things is a 37 in history that goes far beyond a pretty dish presented on a plate.
There’s not a more 38 way to get a taste of a place than by taking food-themed tours. Many tours include market visits, which are the best way to experience life as a(n) 39 . Markets are the hearts of communities and reveal not only the way a culture eats, but also how they 40 and interact.
Traditions and culture are deeply 41 food and through cooking lessons. The number of cooking classes that I’ve 42 . around the world can’t be counted. Now, I’m no Alain Ducasse in the kitchen, and rarely do I 43 at home. However, including these types of classes into my journey is something that I 44 . And even though the acquired cooking skills don’t translate back to my home kitchen, the cultural 45 still resonates(产生共鸣).
(　　)31.A.write B．recommend
C．count D．answer
(　　)32.A.food B．environment
C．appearance D．mood
(　　)33.A.talented B．typical
C．famous D．creative
(　　)34.A.usually B．currently
C．always D．rarely
(　　)35.A.origins B．impacts
C．sources D．production
(　　)36.A.path B．reason
C．story D．intention
(　　)37.A.research B．mark
C．lesson D．change
(　　)38.A.complex B．delicious
C．natural D．enormous
(　　)39.A.shopper B．observer
C．critic D．local
(　　)40.A.feel B．travel
C．communicate D．respond
(　　)41.A.included in B．rooted in
C．kept in D．applied in
(　　)42.A.taken B．delivered
C．heard D．judged
(　　)43.A.serve B．comment
C．work D．cook
(　　)44.A.enjoy B．avoid
C．risk D．regret
(　　)45.A.identity B．difference
C．understanding D．background
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者是一位旅游美食作家，和其他的美食家相比，作者更喜欢追溯食物的起源及其对文化的后示。在旅行和品尝美食的过程中，作者收获了很多。
31．D　考查动词辨析。根据上文的“The number of times I’ve been asked how I became a food and travel writer is too many to count.”可知，作者就如何成为一名美食和旅行作家被问过很多次，对此，作者不知道该如何回答。故选D项。
32．A　考查名词辨析。根据上文的“I became a food and travel writer”以及下文的“chicken and rice”可知，作者是美食和旅行作家，所以他鉴赏美味的食物。故选A项。
33．B　考查形容词辨析。根据下文的“Instead, I’m more interested in food’s 35 and what it reveals about cultures.”可知，比起其他的美食家去评论食物和餐馆，作者更喜欢追溯食物的起源及其对文化的启示。所以作者认为自己不是一个典型的美食作家。故选B项。
34．D　考查副词辨析。根据下文的“Instead, I’m more interested in food’s 35 and what it reveals about cultures.”可知，作者更喜欢追溯食物的起源及其对文化的启示，所以他很少评论传统意义上的餐馆。故选D项。
35．A　考查名词辨析。根据下文的“For instance, how did Mexican cacao get to Europe, and how did the Czech kolache find its way to Central Texas？”可知，作者举墨西哥哥拉奇如何到达欧洲、捷克哥拉奇如何到达得克萨斯州中部的例子，来说明作者喜欢追溯食物的起源。故选A项。
36．C　考查名词辨析。根据上文的“For instance, how did Mexican cacao get to Europe, and how did the Czech kolache find its way to Central Texas？”可知，每个食物的起源背后都会有自己的故事，所以作者想了解它们背后的故事。故选C项。
37．C　考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“in history that goes far beyond a pretty dish presented on a plate”可知，每个食物的起源背后都会有自己的故事，所以了解它们背后的故事也是上了一堂历史课。故选C项。
38．B　考查形容词辨析。根据下文的“get a taste of a place than by taking food-themed tours”可知，作者认为以美食为主题的旅行是了解一个地方的美味的方式。delicious在此意为“令人愉悦的”。故选B项。
39．D　考查名词辨析。根据下文的“Markets are the hearts of communities and reveal not only the way a culture eats, but also how they 40 and interact.”可知，参观市场是体验当地人生活的最好方式。故选D项。
40．C　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“interact”可知，市场是社区的中心，在这里我们可以了解人们交流和互动的方式。故选C项。
41．B　考查动词短语辨析。根据上文的“Instead, I’m more interested in food’s 35 and what it reveals about cultures.”可知，作者认为传统和文化深深植根于食物，所以他喜欢去追溯食物的起源和它对文化的启示。be rooted in 表示“根植于”。故选B项。
42．A　考查动词辨析。根据空格前的“The number of cooking classes”可知，作者在世界各地都上过烹饪课程。take classes 表示“上课”。故选A项。
43．D　考查动词辨析。根据上文的“Now, I’m no Alain Ducasse in the kitchen...”可知，作者已经很少在家做饭了。故选D项。
44．A　考查动词辨析。根据上文的“The number of cooking classes that I’ve 42 around the world can’t be counted.”可知，作者在世界各地上过很多的烹饪课。这说明上烹饪课是作者喜欢做的事情。故选A项。
45．C　考查名词辨析。根据上文的“Knowing the 36 behind such things is a 37 in history that goes far beyond a pretty dish presented on a plate.”可知，作者认为在世界各地的烹饪课上掌握烹饪技能，是对文化的一种理解，这种理解能够引起人们的共鸣。故选C项。
第四部分　语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
“China is at the centre of many developments. 46.　　　　. is important for our next generation to understand China’s culture and to also be able to work 47.　 　(use) the Chinese language，” says Joan Deslandes, head teacher of Kingsford Community School in East London.
She 48.　　　　(make) the comments at the prize-giving ceremony(典礼) for the winners of the Chinese Proficiency Competition—“Chinese Bridge”. In total, 49.　　　　(near) 500 British students took part in the two competitions 50.　　　.　(hold) earlier this year online.
“But more important is that China has a wonderful history and culture that is unknown 51.　　　　 many of the young people in the UK. I feel it will be good to their development if they learn the language，” she says.
In 2000, Kingsford became the 52.　　　　(one) school in Britain to introduce Chinese language courses into its curriculum.
Present at the event were around 140 students and teachers from 17 schools 53.　　　　 put on performances on the stage, including Chinese songs, 54.　 　　(tradition) dances and musical instruments.
“China is playing 55.　　　　 important role on the international stage. Our children need to be equipped with all the skills, including language and cultural understanding, to be able to stay connected as they grow up，” says Suzanne Haigh, head teacher at Kensington Wade.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在伦敦金斯福德社区学校进行的“汉语桥”比赛颁奖的情况，来自17所学校的140多名师生出席活动并登台表演。
46．It　考查代词。句意：“重要的是我们的下一代能够理解中国文化并能使用汉语工作……”分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句式“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb to do sth.”的应用，“‘for our next generation to understand China’s culture and to also be able to work 47.　　　　(use) the Chinese language’”在句子中作主语，由此可知，空格处为形式主语。位于句首，单词首字母要大写。故填It。
47．using　考查动词的-ing形式。句意：同上题。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中不作谓语，应使用非谓语动词，动词use与其逻辑主语 “our next generation ”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，需使用现在分词。故填using。
48．made　考查动词的时态。句意：她在汉语能力比赛——“汉语桥”颁奖典礼上做了该评论。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句子中作谓语，应考虑时态。
根据时间状语“at the prize-giving ceremony(典礼) for the winners of the Chinese Proficiency Competition—‘Chinese Bridge’”可知，这是表示过去的时间状语，所以时态应使用一般过去时。故填made。
49．nearly　考查副词。句意：总计有将近500名英国学生参加了这两个今年早些时候在网上举行的比赛。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句子中修饰数词“500”，应使用副词。故填nearly。
50．held　考查动词的-ed形式。句意：同上题。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中不作谓语，应使用非谓语动词，动词hold与其逻辑主语 “two competitions ”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，需使用过去分词。故填held。
51．to　考查介词。句意：“更加重要的是，中国有着英国很多年轻人不知道的精彩的历史和文化。”be unknown to 为固定结构，意为“为……所不知”。故填to。
52．first　考查数词。句意：在2000年，金斯福德社区学校成为了伦敦第一个把汉语科目引入课程教学的学校。根据句意以及空格处前面的定冠词the 可知，此处表达的含义是“第一个”，应使用序数词。故填first。
53．who/that　考查定语从句。句意：出席活动的是来自于17所学校的140名学生和老师，他们登台进行包括唱汉语歌、跳传统舞蹈以及弹奏乐器表演。分析句子结构可知，本句为复合句，
此处引导定语从句，因空格处在定语从句中作主语且表示人，应使用指人的关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
54．traditional　考查形容词。句意：同上题。根据空格处后面的名词短语“dances and musical instruments” 可知，空格处应使用形容词作定语修饰名词。故填traditional。
55．an　考查冠词。句意：“中国在国际舞台上起着重要的作用。”短语play an important role意为“起重要作用”。故填an。
第五部分　写作(满分40分)
第一节　单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
56．I’d like to thank my friend, who has been very ________ (慷慨的).
57．There is convincing __________(证据) that skin cancer is linked to exposure to the sun.
58．The famous scientist never returned when he __________ (探索) the desert region in 1979.
59．When he woke up, he suddenly found himself _________ (包围) by a group of teenagers, who looked at him anxiously.
60．This morning，when I was walking on the street，I saw that two travellers were reading a map, looking ________(困惑的).
【答案】56.generous　57.evidence　58.explored
59.surrounded　60.puzzled
第二节　完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
61．The social behaviour of dogs is __________ __________ that of wolves.
狗的社会行为与狼相似。
62．I now __________ __________ my local drama group.
我现在是本地的戏剧小组成员。
63．As she rightly pointed out the illness can affect adults __________ __________ as children.
她说得对，这种病不仅影响儿童，也会影响成年人。
64．Everyone was _________ _________ her beautiful voice.
所有人都被她美妙的声音吸引。
65．This kid is __________ __________ read and learn.
这个孩子渴望读书和学习。
【答案】61.similar to　62.belong to　63.as well
64.attracted by　65.eager to
第三节　书面表达(共1题，满分25分)
假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友Peter想通过了解中国传统的娱乐活动来学习汉语。请你写一封邀请信，邀请Peter一起逛庙会，同时了解中国文化。内容包括：
1．逛庙会的时间、地点；
2．介绍庙会的传统文化形式。
注意：1.写作词数应为 80 个左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
参考词汇：庙会temple fair; 泥塑clay figurines
Dear Peter，
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Peter，
In your letter, you mentioned that you wanted to learn Chinese by learning Chinese traditional entertainment activities. I take great pleasure in recommending you to visit the Chinese temple fair. I invite you to go with me to the temple fair in Shanghai next Saturday.
For Chinese, attending a temple fair comes second only to the family reunion dinner when it comes to Chinese New Year observances.
On the temple fair, you can get to know paper-cuts and clay figurines. What’s more, folk performances including lion dances, crosstalk and kung fu performances, and so on, may be performed. You can enjoy yourself as well as learn Chinese.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua(共78张PPT)
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
核心素养目标
【语言技能】 知道如何表达“一个地方的历史和传统”； 掌握重点词汇和句式； 学习过去分词作定语和宾语补足语； 利用“看”的技能预测文章内容。 【素养提升】
学会使用所学词汇和句式描写一个地方的位置、历史和文化传统的相关短文；
学会并能掌握不同的茶文化。
Period One　Listening and Speaking
课前自主预习
A．哲学　B．个别的；单独的；个人　C．孔子
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．As we all know, Confucius was a pioneer in the field of education. (　　)
2．It is difficult for a teacher to give individual attention to children in a large class. (　　)
3．The government played a major role in promoting Confucian philosophy. (　　)
【答案】1—3 CBA
Ⅱ.用适当的介词/副词填空
1．Confucius said that learning without understanding leads __________ confusion.
2．Tom is doing a research project ____________ Confucius philosophy.
3．Can you give us an introduction _________ your country’s history and culture
【答案】1.to　2.on/about　3.to
4．Our English teacher’s teaching style is similar __________ my former English teacher’s.
5．His hometown is famous __________ this kind of sweet fruit.
【答案】4.to　5.for
Ⅲ.预备话题素材
1．A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is just like ________________(无根之树).
2．His hard work _________________(促成) his final success in the field.
【答案】1.a tree without roots
2．leads/led to
3．As a Chinese, you are supposed to learn more about ______________(不同的茶文化).
4．Why is it important ____________________(保护历史建筑物) and cultural traditions
5．_____________________(历史与传统) are very important for every one of us.
【答案】3．different tea cultures
4．to protect historic buildings　5．History and traditions
6．Can you __________________(给我们介绍) to the history and culture of the country
7．The teacher doesn’t ____________________(允许他的学生外出) when having classes.
8．Do you know some _____________(历史古迹) in China
【答案】6．give us an introduction
7．allow his students to go outside
8．historic places/sites
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．individual adj.单独的；个别的　n．个人
(P39)An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words.
【翻译】习语是一种不同于个别单词意思的表达方式。
【用法详解】
You can open one individual account.
你可以开一个个人账户。
The competition is open to both teams and individuals.
团队和个人均可参加比赛。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He has ________ individual character that makes him stand out in the crowd.
(2)The students were asked to __________(individual) present their ideas to the class.
(3)Make sure your _________(individually) resume highlights your strengths and achievements.
【答案】(1)an　(2)individually　 (3)individual
2．hold on 坚持；等一下
(P39)And so hold on when there is nothing in you...
【翻译】所以，当你一无所有时，请坚持下去……
The manager asked him to hold on while he investigated.
经理让他稍等一会，他去调查一下。
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Hold on _________ your dreams no matter what difficulties you meet.
(2)I could hardly hold __________ my tears when I heard the sad news.
(3)A number of people agree women hold ______ half the sky.
【答案】(1)to　(2)back　(3)up
完成句子
(4)They ____________ their hands in friendship to each other.
他们相互伸出友谊之手。
【答案】(4)held out
3．be similar to... 和……相似
(P38)Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu
【翻译】你认为为什么威廉说他的家乡和曲阜很像？
【用法详解】
(1)be similar in... 在……方面相似
be the same as... 与……相同
be different from... 与……不同
be different in... 在……方面不同
(2)similarity n．相似点；类似
和similar变名词规律类似的常用单词有：equal→equality平等
I can see the similarity between you and your mother.
我能看出你和你母亲的相似之处。
popular→popularity流行；普及
curious→curiosity好奇心
generous→generosity慷慨
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Twins often are similar __________ appearance but may have different personalities.
(2)This book is not the same __________ that one on the table.
(3)Our teaching methods should be different _________ those traditional ones.
【答案】(1)in　(2)as　(3)from
完成句子
(4)Men and women can ________________ physical strength and interests.
男人和女人在体力和兴趣方面可能不同。
(5)There are ______________________ between these two products in function.
这两款产品在功能上有一些相似之处。
【答案】(4)be different in　(5)some similarities
◇句式解读
(P38)As one of Confucius’ descendants，Xiao Kong’s name is recorded in the family tree.
【翻译】作为孔子的后代之一，小孔的名字被记载在家谱上。
【考点提炼】
本句中的as为介词，意为“作为”。
【归纳拓展】
as作为连词引导从句的用法：
(1)引导时间状语从句， 意为“当……时；随着……”；
(2)引导方式状语从句， 意为“以……方式”；
(3)引导原因状语从句， 意为“由于”；
(4)引导比较状语从句， 多用于as ...as ...或not so/as ...as...结构，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，它所引导的比较状语从句多使用省略形式；
(5)引导让步状语从句，从句必须用倒装的形式，倒装时将表语(单数可数名词作表语时要省略冠词)、状语或谓语动词提前。
(6)另外，as也可用作关系代词引导定语从句，意为“正如，如同”。
You must do everything as I do.
你必须照我的做法去做所有事。
As you’re not feeling well，you may stay at home.
由于你身体不好，你可以留在家里。
As time went by, she became more and more worried.
随着时间的流逝，她越来越担心。
As a student, I must make full use of my time to improve myself.
作为一名学生，我必须充分利用时间来提升自己。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)We had better hurry, _____________________________．
我们最好快一点，因为天要黑了。
(2)Much_________________________________________，
I can’t agree with his analysis of the situation.
尽管我很尊敬他，但我不能同意他对该情况的分析。
【答案】(1)as it is getting dark (2)as I respect him
(3)It is surveyed that 50 percent of the patients do not take drugs______________________________．
据调查，50%的病人没有遵照指示服药。
(4)___________________，my mother’s hair has turned grey.
随着时间的流逝，我母亲的头发变灰白了。
【答案】(3)as directed　(4)As time goes on
语 音 时 空
□连读
本单元的主要内容是连读以及连读的发音，连续规则如下：
1．辅音＋元音：相邻的两词中，前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个词以元音开头时，一般将辅音和元音连起来读。如：Look at the photos.
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2．r/re＋元音：前一个词以-r或-re结尾，后一个词以元音开头，此时r或re要发/r/音，并与其后的元音连读。如：
There are many kinds of books.
3．元音＋元音：前一个单词以/ /或/i /结尾，后一个单词以元音开头时，添加/j/后连读；前一个单词可以/ /或/u /结尾，后一个单词以元音开头，添加/w/后连读。如：I agree. Do it.
︶
︶
︶
︶
□追踪练习
请标记下列句子中需要连读的地方
(1)The students ate in the cafeteria.
(2)I was amazed to hear about it.
(3)His plane arrives this afternoon.
【答案】(1)The students︶ ate︶ in the cafeteria.
(2)I was︶ amazed to hear︶ about︶ it.
(3)His plane︶ arrives this︶ afternoon.
(4)She told us an interesting story.
(5)You can open it and take all of them.
(6)Please stop at the store for a newspaper.
(7)I will put on my glasses to look at this.
【答案】(4)She told︶ us︶ an︶ interesting story.
(5)You can︶ open︶ it and take︶ all︶ of them.
(6)Please stop︶ at the store for︶ a newspaper.
(7)I will put︶ on my glasses to look︶ at this.
(8)Here’s some ice for your glass of water.
(9)These women are waiting for some information.
(10)There’s an apartment for rent on a quiet street.
【答案】(8)Here’s some︶ ice for your glass︶ of water.
(9)These women︶ are waiting for some︶information.
(10)There’s︶ an︶ apartment for rent on︶ a quiet street.
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．One of the oldest competitors won the __________(个人) silver medal.
2．Jenny was very sad over the l________ of the photos she had shot in Canada.
3．Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of __________(孔子).
4．____________(工程) Hope is a non-profit program that aims to provide education for children in China’s poor areas.
5．There is a situation where many students know many words and e________ but don’t use them.
6．The children gave a __________(混乱的) account of what had happened.
【答案】1.individual　2.loss　3.Confucius
4．Project　5.expressions　6.confusing
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In _______(tradition) Chinese culture，marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.
2．Although they come from entirely __________(difference) backgrounds, they are close friends.
3．Now their talks have reached a key stage _______ one side must give in to the other.
4．For a moment, Tom was at __________ loss over how to respond to her question.
5．Though I’m not familiar __________ the poem, I’ll try to learn it by heart.
6．With a lot of work to do, he wasn’t allowed __________ (go) out.
7．I still remember the earthquake__________ happened in 2008 in Sichuan.
8．When he came to himself, he found himself _______(lock) in the room.
【答案】1.traditional　2.different　3.where
4．a　5.with　6.to go　7.that/which
8．locked
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．They___________________________________________ (精通) English but little do they know about German.
2．_______________________________________________
(有一个传统) in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday，they bring in a cake for us all to share.
3．In addition, the climate here ____________________(很相似) that in the US, so there is no need for you to worry about it.
4．Good habits always _____________________(通往) high efficiency, while bad ones bring the opposite.
5．Her parents wouldn’t ___________________________(允许她参加) the party, but she still hopes to.
【答案】1.have a good knowledge of
2．There is a tradition　3.is very similar to
4．lead to/result in　5.allow her to go to
提升练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Find yourself at the doorway of any one of the countless temples or ancient buildings in China, and you may see an attractive but just piece of wall, only 1 larger than the entrance. It is Zhaobi, or spirit wall, which has a long history, with evidence 2 . the earliest examples at more than 3,000 years old.
Zhaobi can be 3 outside the entrance of a variety of buildings, and during the Western Zhou Dynasty, they were 4 as a symbol of the social position. They were used for only the 5 . members of society, such as the king. Seeing Zhaobi outside a building would let passers-by know that this was the house of someone of extreme 6 ， while also serving the 7 function of acting as a form of privacy by blocking the 8 from any prying(窥探的) eyes.
With the passing of time, Zhaobi came to play a role in fengshui, a practice which 9 achieving harmony and balance in all things. As well as 10 this spiritual protection, their location would allow energy to flow better.
Moving further forward in time, Zhaobi became a form of expression and 11 with poetry, paintings and characters representing luck appearing on the 12 . Recently, many companies have 13 Zhaobi to practise the principles of fengshui, 14 that such a structure surely can bring good luck and wealth to their business.
It is 15 that these attractive structures give us a picture of life at a particular time in history.
(　　)1.A.surely B．slightly
C．roughly D．regularly
(　　)2.A.doubting B．guessing
C．approaching D．dating
(　　)3.A.hidden B．found
C．affected D．changed
(　　)4.A.labeled B．torn
C．constructed D．printed
(　　)5.A.most B．cleverest
C．highest D．healthiest
(　　)6.A.wealth B．importance
C．knowledge D．talent
(　　)7.A.practical B．limited
C．wrong D．real
(　　)8.A.window B．yard
C．house D．entrance
(　　)9.A.looked at B．turned down
C．focused on D．put aside
(　　)10.A.offering B．taking
C．cheating D．using
(　　)11.A.ability B．quantity
C．quality D．creativity
(　　)12.A.walls B．stones
C．bricks D．locks
(　　)13.A.quitted B．adopted
C．decorated D．finished
(　　)14.A.predicting B．supposing
C．pretending D．believing
(　　)15.A.certain B．surprising
C．odd D．worthy
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是中国独特的建筑文化——照壁的发展历史及其意义。
1．B　考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“an attractive but just piece of wall, only”可知，在中国不计其数的寺庙或古建筑的门口中可能会看到一堵比入口略大的墙。故选B项。
2．D　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“the earliest examples at more than 3,000 years old”可知，此处讲述的是照壁的历史有3 000多年。此处表示“确定年代”，dating符合语境。故选D项。
3．B　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“outside the entrance of a variety of buildings”以及上下文可知，在各种建筑的入口应该是能发现照壁。故选B项。
4．C　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“as a symbol of the social position.They were used for only the 5 members of society, such as the king.”可知，照壁是一种社会地位的象征，身份高贵的人才使用照壁。由此可知，此处应为照壁被建造成社会地位的象征。故选C项。
5．C　考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“such as the king”可知，此处指的是照壁只有社会地位最高的人才会使用。故选C项。
6．B　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“They were used for only the 5 members of society, such as the king.”可知，照壁代表着社会地位，所以见到照壁可以知道这是某个非常重要的人的房子。故选B项。
7．A　考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“... of acting as a form of privacy by blocking the 8 from any prying(窥探的) eyes.”可知，照壁起到了阻挡别人窥探隐私的作用。故选A项。
8．D　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“of acting as a form of privacy”以及下文中的“from any prying(窥探的) eyes”可知，此处指的是照壁通过阻挡入口来隔绝任何窥探的目光。故选D项。
9．C　考查动词短语辨析。分析语境可知，此处应是对风水的解释说明：风水是一种聚焦于实现万物和谐与平衡的实践。故选C项。
10．A　考查动词辨析。根据空格前的“As well as”和下文中的“their location would allow energy to flow better”可知，此处承接上文，与下文中的“allow”意义相关。此处指的是照壁除了提供这种精神上的保护，还有别的功能。故选A项。
11．D　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“with poetry, paintings and characters representing luck appearing on the 12 .”可知，人们开始在照壁上进行艺术创作。此处与空格前的“expression”并列，由此可知，此处指的是创造力。故选D项。
12．A　考查名词辨析。根据文章的主题可知，本文讲述的是照壁，所以此处指的是墙。故选A项。
13．B　考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“... Zhaobi became a form of expression and 11 with poetry, paintings and characters representing luck appearing on the 12 .”可知，鉴于照壁有众多的益处，所以很多公司采用照壁来实践风水原理。故选B项。
14．D　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“that such a structure surely can bring good luck and wealth to their business”并结合语境可知，公司之所以采用照壁来实践风水的原理，是因为他们相信这能给他们带来好运和财富。故选D项。
15．A　考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“these attractive structures give us a picture of life at a particular time in history”并分析语境可知，这些吸引人的建筑为我们描绘了历史上某个特定时期的生活图景是肯定的。故选A项。
Ⅱ. 七选五
Football has found its way to the most remote corners of the globe, becoming one of the hottest topics of the day. 1 According to the International Football Association, it was the origin of football as a sport.
Cuju became popular during the Warring States Period. 2 During the Han Dynasty, the popularity of Cuju gradually spread from the army to the royal courts and upper classes.
Cuju matches were often held inside the Imperial Palace. A type of court called “ju cheng” was built especially for Cuju matches.
3 .
The sport was improved during the Tang Dynasty. First of all, the feather-stuffed ball was replaced by an air-filled ball with a two-layered hull(外壳). 4 One was made by setting up posts with a net between them and the other consisted of just one goal post in the middle of the field.
The popularity of the sport exploded during the Song Dynasty due to social and economic development, extending to every class in society. At that time, professional Cuju players were quite popular, and the sport began to take on a commercial edge. Cuju organisations were set up in large cities called Qi Yun She or Yuan She—now known as the earliest professional Cuju club—whose members were either Cuju lovers or professional performers.
5 And the 2,000-year-old sport finally faded away from about the 16th century.
A．Also, two different types of goal posts showed up.
B．Both adults and children played Cuju in everyday life.
C．Cuju began its decline during the Ming Dynasty due to neglect.
D．Back then, it was used to strengthen the fighting power of soldiers.
E．Meanwhile, Cuju games were standardised as rules were established.
F．About 2,500 years ago in China, there was a similar game called “Cuju”．
G．Dating back to over 2,000 years ago, it has changed and developed over time.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蹴鞠在中国历史上的出现、发展和衰落。
1．F　根据下文“According to the International Football Association, it was the origin of football as a sport.”并结合选项可知，空格后的it指代的是F项中的“Cuju”，下文和F项“大约2 500年前，中国就有一种类似的游戏，叫作‘蹴鞠’。”形成内容上的承接，是对F项内容进行进一步的解释说明。故选 F 项。
2．D　根据下文“During the Han Dynasty, the popularity of Cuju gradually spread from the army to the royal courts and upper classes.”可推知，在战国时期，蹴鞠是用来增强士兵的战斗力的。 D项“当时，它被用来增强士兵的战斗力。”符合语境。故选D项。
3．E　上文“A type of court called ‘ju cheng’ was built especially for Cuju matches.”指出，用场地标准化的“鞠城”例子说明在汉代蹴鞠开始标准化。再结合选项可知，E项“同时，随着规则的建立，蹴鞠运动也逐渐标准化。”对上文内容进一步地解释。故选E项。
4．A　根据下文“One was made by setting up posts with a net between them and the other consisted of just one goal post in the middle of the field.”并结合选项可知，下文是对A项“此外，还出现了两种不同类型的内柱。”的具体解释。故选A项。
5．C　根据下文“And the 2,000-year-old sport finally faded away from about the 16th century.”可知，本段讲述的是蹴鞠的衰落，与C项中的“began its decline”一致。C项“由于被忽视，蹴鞠在明代期间开始衰落。”符合语境。故选C项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Beijing’s Hutongs, a living testament to the city’s diverse culture, have a rich history that dates back over 800 years. The term “hutong”，1. 　　 　 (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, reflected the need for access to water in the past. At first, these narrow alleys 2. 　　 　 (design) to accommodate the city’s growing population.
The typical type of Hutong architecture is the single-story courtyard houses known as Siheyuan. These houses, 3. 　　 　. (common) built around a central courtyard with rooms and living spaces branching off from it, have been the residential(住宅) areas for people for 4. 　　 　.(century). The narrow alleys create a sense 5. 　 　 . community and promote social interaction among residents.
One of the 6. 　　 　.(famous) Hutongs is Nanluoguxiang, offering a unique mix of cultural experiences and commercial activities. There is a lot 7. 　　 　.(explore) in it. Characterised by its narrow alleys lined with traditional shops and cozy cafes, it has become 8. 　　 　. hotspot for locals and tourists. Visitors can admire the traditional architecture, enjoy the local street food, 9. 　　 　. shop for traditional crafts and souvenirs.
Today, Hutongs, with their traditional architecture and layout, play a significant role in 10. 　　 　.(shape) Beijing’s identity. They offer a window into traditional Chinese architecture and lifestyle, reflecting the philosophy of harmony between nature and human life.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京胡同的历史、建筑特点及其对北京特点的重要影响。
1．originally　 考查副词。句意：“胡同”一词在蒙古语中原意为“水井”，反映了过去人们对取水的需求。此处修饰动词meaning，应用original的副词形式originally。故填originally。
2．were designed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：起初，这些狭窄的小巷是为了容纳城市日益增长的人口而设计的。本句描述过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时，且主语alleys与design之间为动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were designed。
3．commonly　考查副词。句意：这些房屋通常围绕着中央庭院建造，房间和生活空间从中延伸出来，几个世纪以来一直是人们的居住区。本空用副词commonly“通常”，作状语，修饰动词built。故填commonly。
4．centuries　考查名词。句意：同上题。此处表示泛指，应用名词century的复数形式。故填centuries。
5．of　考查介词。句意：狭窄的小巷营造了一种社区感，促进了居民之间的社交互动。a sense of为常用搭配，意为“一种……感觉”。故填of。
6．most famous　考查形容词最高级。句意：最著名的胡同之一是南锣鼓巷，它提供了独特的文化体验和商业活动的结合。“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”意为“最……之一”。故填most famous。
7．to explore　考查动词不定式。句意：里面有很多要探索的东西。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is，此处为非谓语动词；there be sth to do意为“有事情要做”；空格处作后置定语，修饰a lot，应用explore的不定式。故填to explore。
8．a　考查冠词。句意：它以其狭窄的小巷、传统的商店和温馨的咖啡馆为特色，它已成为当地人和游客的热门景点。此处泛指“一处热门景点”，且hotspot发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
9．and　考查连词。句意：游客可以欣赏传统建筑，品尝当地街头小吃，购买传统工艺品和纪念品。admire、enjoy和shop为并列谓语，应用连词and连接。故填and。
10．shaping　考查动词的-ing形式。句意：同上题。本句的谓语为play，此处为非谓语动词，应用shape的动名词shaping作in的宾语。故填shaping。(共94张PPT)
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Period Three　
Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking
课前自主预习
A．大方的；慷慨的；丰富的
B．热切的；渴望的
C．小吃；点心
D．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
E．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．The company is eager to gain a foothold in Europe. (　　)
2．He was deeply amazed by the landscape of the countryside. (　　)
3．A generous person gives more of something, especially money, than is usual or expected. (　　)
【答案】1—3 BDA
4．It’s reported that the gallery houses 2,000 works of modern art. (　　)
5．Eating too many snacks may result in health problems. (　　)
【答案】4—5 EC
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→____________　n．宣布；宣称
2．eager adj.渴望的；热切的→________　n．渴望；热心
3．ancestor n．祖先→____________　n．祖先；先辈；演化；起源
【答案】1.announcement　2.eagerness 3．ancestry
Ⅲ.预备语法(过去分词作定语和宾语补足语)
请指出下列句子中过去分词所作的成分
1．The boy named Tom comes from Canada. _____________
2．There is nothing changed since I left the hometown. __________________
3．It’s the beautiful building built last year that attracted his attention. __________________
【答案】1.定语　2.定语　3.定语
4．You should have the battery charged before you set off for Beijing. __________________
5．The student dressed in red is our English teacher’s daughter. __________________
6．I want to have my bike repaired this weekend. _________
【答案】4．宾语补足语　5.定语　6.宾语补足语
7．The little girl refused to have her hair cut. _____________
8．The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard. __________________
【答案】7．宾语补足语　8.宾语补足语
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称
(P42)When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
【翻译】当我们最终到达服务台要求提供有声导游时，我们听到服务台通知已经没有有声导游了。
The warm sunshine announces that spring is coming.
温暖的阳光宣告着春天即将到来。
【用法详解】
【联想】
表示“通知某人某事”不能用announce sb sth，而要用announce sth to sb。用法相同的动词还有：suggest, explain, signal, report等。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)It is wise to announce the news ________ the public.
(2)The __________ made an __________ that all the details should __________ through the broadcast.(announce)
(3)It __________(announce) that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes.
【答案】(1)to　(2)announcer; announcement; be announced　(3)is announced
完成句子
(4)They __________________________(向我们宣布) that they would publish a book.
【答案】announced to us
2．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
(P42)Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.
【翻译】卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里，这个家庭给他们提供了自制的黄油和蜂蜜的面包。
【用法详解】
(1)be generous to sb 对某人大方的
(2)be generous with sth 在某方面大方
(3)It is generous of sb to do sth 某人在做某事方面是慷慨的。
(4)generous 的反义词为mean，意为“吝啬的；小气的”
generously adv.慷慨地；大方地
generosity n．慷慨；大方
It is generous of you to lend your portable computer to me.
你把手提电脑借给我真是太大方了。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)These volunteers are very generous ________ the old man.
(2)There are stories about his ____________(generous), the massive amounts of money he gave to charities.
【答案】(1)to　(2)generosity
完成句子
(3)Dietler ____________________ his time and money.
迪特勒在他的时间和金钱方面慷慨大方。
(4)______________________ to share your food with me.
你能和我分享你的食物真是太慷慨了。
【答案】(3)is generous with
(4)It is generous of you
3．charge n．收费；指控；主管
vt.收费；控告；充电
(P42)Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
【翻译】朱迪和我把车停在特拉法尔加广场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。
He will be in charge of all hiring and firing at PHA.
他将负责公众房产管理局里的一切人事任免事务。
【用法详解】
【联想】
注意区分以下短语：in control of控制， in the control of...由……控制， in possession of 拥有， in the possession of...被……拥有。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)She took charge __________ the company when the CEO was ill.
(2)The manager __________ charge of the factory is very experienced.
(3)They charged him __________ damaging public property.
【答案】(1)of　(2)in　(3)with
完成句子
(4)They left the shop ______________ a reliable person.
他们把商店交给一个可靠的人照管。
(5)The leaflet is available ______________ from post offices.
小册子可免费向邮局索取。
【答案】(4)in the charge of (5)free of charge
4．approach n．方法；途径；接近　vi.靠近
vt.接近；接洽；着手处理
(P42)It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
【翻译】周围有那么多人，很难接近那幅画。
Many kinds of birds fly south at the approach of winter.
很多鸟在冬天来临之际飞向南方。
【用法详解】
(1)approach sb/sth 靠近/接近某人/某物
be approaching临近；靠近
(2)(an) approach to 接近；近似；(做某事)的方法(途径)
at the approach of... 在……快到的时候
(3)“(时间上)临近地，马上，快要”的表达还有：on the way, just around/round the corner
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)As the deadline is __________(approach), we need to work harder.
(2)Scientists have developed a unique approach __________ cancer treatment.
(3)__________ the approach of the holiday season, the stores get crowded.
【答案】(1)approaching　(2)to　(3)At
完成句子
(4)If you want to talk to him, don’t ______________________ when he is angry.
如果你想和他说话，不要在他生气的时候接近他。
【答案】 approach him
5．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
(P43)I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that...
【翻译】我渴望/感到惊奇地看/学习/听……
【用法详解】
The teacher is very glad that everyone in her class is eager for study.
老师很高兴她班上的每个人都渴望学习。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Mike is eager__________(stay) away from the busy city life for a while.
(2)As far as I know, he is eager__________ success.
【答案】(1)to stay　(2)for
完成句子
(3)I __________________________ watch the movie adapted from my favourite novel.
我迫不及待地想看看这部由我最喜欢的小说改编成的电影。
【答案】am dying/thirsty/eager to
(4)The child wants to return to school because he __________ knowledge.
那个孩子想回到学校，因为他渴望知识。
【答案】 is thirsty/dying/eager for
◇句式解读
(P42)They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars，which were positioned on the hill.
【翻译】他们用放在山上的相机和望远镜俯瞰湖面。
【考点提炼】
which引导非限制性定语从句时，可以指代前面的名词，也可以指代前面的句子。
【归纳拓展】
(1)引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as。
(2)引导定语从句的关系副词有：when, where, why。
China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界各地越来越多的人想了解中国。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, __________ I was the first Western TV reporter.
【答案】when
(2)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC，influenced the development of chopsticks.
(3)I’d skip nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
【答案】(2)who　(3)that/which
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【例句观察】
(1)They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
(2)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack...
(3)Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
【我的领悟】
1．过去分词在句子中作后置定语，修饰前面的名词，表示被动或完成，比如句(1)和句(2)。
2．句(3)中分别是had sth done结构和get sth done结构，过去分词作宾语补足语。
□过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
一、过去分词作定语时的意义
1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。
Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last.
我们的老师看着我们做实验，最后给了我们一个满意的微笑。
2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
清晨，已升起的太阳正明亮地照耀着。
二、过去分词作定语时的位置
1．前置定语
一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
【拓展提升】
有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
Authorities concerned have forbidden such a practice.
有关当局已禁止这种做法。
2．后置定语
过去分词(短语)作定语时往往后置，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
He is a teacher loved by his students.
他是一位深受学生爱戴的老师。
3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
形式 语态 意义
过去分词 被动 完成
现在分词 主动 进行
As we all know, China is a developing country while America is a developed country.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家，而美国是一个发达国家。
三、常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
1．过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
He passed away, leaving his works unfinished.
他去世了，留下他的著作还未完成。
2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”。
He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去(让人)检查他的眼睛。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们设法用很浅易的英语把自己的意思讲明白了。
3．过去分词用在感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后面作宾语补足语。
When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。
4．过去分词用在表示意愿、命令的动词如like, want, wish, expect, order等后面作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
He spent the whole day calling in his office with the door locked.
他一整天都锁着门在办公室里打电话。
四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别
感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：
hear＋宾语＋doing sth 听到……正在做……(主动、正在进行)
hear＋宾语＋do sth 听到……做了……(主动、完成)
hear＋宾语＋done 听到……被做(被动、完成或无时间限制)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动、正在进行)
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)
To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能地多听英语。(被动、无时间限制)
□追踪练习
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．He got his tooth ________________ out yesterday.
他昨天把牙拔了。
2．He felt a great weight _____________ off his mind.
他感到如释重负。
【答案】1.pulled　2.taken　　
3．They kept the door _____________ for a long time.
他们把门锁了很长时间。
4．As we left, we had a photograph _____________ together.
临走时，我们一起照了相。
5．I thought myself _____________ in the bargain.
我认为自己在交易中被愚弄了。
【答案】　3.locked　4．taken　5.fooled
6．We saw the thief _____________ by the police.
我们看见小偷被警察抓住了。
7．A district court ordered the old hospital_____________.
一个地区法院下令关闭这所古老的医院。
8．I watched a whole basket of red apples ________________ into the river.
我看着一整筐红苹果被倒进了河里。
【答案】6.caught　7.closed　8．thrown
9．We can hear the windows _____________ by the heavy rain drops.
我们可以听到大雨敲打窗户的声音。
10．No one but Miss Zhou noticed the flowers on the table _____________．
只有周小姐注意到桌上的花被换过。
【答案】9.beaten　10.changed
Ⅱ.合并句子
1．The yoga club is popular among women teachers.It was opened last month in our school.
__________________________________________________
【答案】The yoga club opened last month in our school is popular among women teachers.
2．The island is easy to go to.It is joined to the mainland by a bridge.
__________________________________________________
【答案】The island joined to the mainland by a bridge is easy to go to.
3．The rare fish has been returned to the sea.It was saved from illegal fishing.
__________________________________________________
【答案】The rare fish saved from illegal fishing has been returned to the sea.
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Kate was in a hurry to grow up, __________(渴望) for knowledge and experience.
2．He had forgotten to __________(充电) his phone.
3．The teachers spared no effort to __________(确保) that all students would be given an equal chance.
4．I’ll meet you at the __________(入口) of the school at 9 o’clock.
5．It was __________(慷慨的) of you to share your new books with me.
6．I __________(放置；安放) myself to take the best photo of the sea view.
7．The family’s __________(祖先) once took care of the soldiers when they were at war.
8．A little bit of kindness will be rewarded with a huge _____ (数量) of benefit.
【答案】1.eager　2.charge　3.ensure
4．entrance　5.generous
6．position/positioned
7．ancestors　8.amount
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We see an old man sweeping the __________(fall) leaves every morning when we pass the post office.
2．After graduation from college, she moved to a new town __________(found) in 1967.
3．There was an__________(excite) look on his face when the professor appeared.
4．They spent two hours discussing the plan _______(design) by the famous engineer.
5．The __________ expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the __________ problem.(confuse)
6．The teacher wanted our compositions ________(hand) in after class.
【答案】1.fallen　2.founded　3.excited
4．designed　5.confused; confusing　6．handed
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．They’re having a meeting to discuss the serious problem __________________________________________________.
他们正在开会讨论这个人人都知道的严重问题。
2．To solve the problem，we should meet the demand __________________________________________________.
为了解决这个问题，我们应该满足顾客提出的需求。
3．To his surprise，he didn’t _________________________ on the bus.
使他吃惊的是，他没有注意到自己的钱包在公交车上被人偷了。
4．You’d better _____________________________________ before all the guests are seated.
在所有客人就座之前，你最好不要动所有的菜。
5．The young lady was quite annoyed to ________________.
这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了，很恼火。
【答案】1.known to everybody
2．made by the customers
3．notice his wallet stolen
4．leave all the dishes untouched
5．find her valuable necklace lost
提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
People usually celebrate their traditional festival. The Spring Festival is celebrated not only in China but also in other parts of the world. The traditional holiday is the most important to Chinese both at home and abroad.
The United Kingdom(UK)
Celebrations for the Spring Festival in the UK started in 1980, with the first evening party held in 2002. Every New Year, people get together and have a lot of activities. They sing songs, dance to music, share photos with friends or enjoy films in a cinema.
The United States(US)
The Spring Festival is an important time for Chinese living or working in the US. They join in a large evening party to welcome the traditional New Year. It is a good chance for people to feel that they are not alone because they share the same culture.
Australia
On Chinese New Year, many people across Australia come to Sydney’s Chinatown. They enjoy fireworks, lion dances, dragon boat races and many other traditional activities. The celebrations are also a bridge towards better understanding between Chinese and non-Chinese.
Singapore
The family dinner on New Year’s Eve is an important tradition for Chinese. They put traditional food on a table as an act of remembering their past. Then the whole family enjoys their dinner together. They usually have it at home because having it in a restaurant takes away the meaning of the tradition.
(　　)1.Chinese in Australia enjoy the following activities EXCEPT __________ on Chinese New Year.
A．fireworks
B．lion dances
C．playing cards
D．dragon boat races
(　　)2.Why do Chinese families in Singapore have the New Year dinner at home
A．The restaurant is far away.
B．They want to keep Chinese tradition.
C．Eating at home helps save money.
D．They were born in Singapore.
(　　)3.What can we learn from the text
A．All parts of the world celebrate the Spring Festival.
B．Chinese New Year is celebrated only in China.
C．Only four foreign countries celebrate the Spring Festival.
D．Chinese around the world have a strong feeling towards the Spring Festival.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主介绍中国人在四个其他国家庆祝春节的情况。
1．C　细节理解题。根据 Australia部分中的“On Chinese New Year, many people across Australia come to Sydney’s Chinatown. They enjoy fireworks, lion dances, dragon boat races and many other traditional activities.”可知，在澳大利亚的中国人在春节时候的活动没有提到打牌。故选C项。
2．B　细节理解题。根据Singapore部分中的“They usually have it at home because having it in a restaurant takes away the meaning of the tradition.”可知，他们在家吃年夜饭是为了保持中国的传统。故选B项。
3．D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The traditional holiday is the most important to Chinese both at home and abroad.”和下文对四个国家的中国人庆祝春节的介绍可知，遍布在世界各地的中国人对春节都有强烈的感情。故选D项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
In the village of Liuke in South China’s Hainan Province, houses 1. 　　 　 (build) with dark bricks and red windows stand quietly among tall, green coconut trees. The village’s name
2. 　　 　 (suggest) hospitality(好客) as its English translation is “guests stay”．
Liuke is one of the ancient villages 3. 　　 　 (sit) on the plains in the lower reaches of the Wanquan River in Hainan. There is a classic Chinese folk song, 4. 　　 　 sings in praise of the clear water of the river. Different from the rapid water currents and mountainous landscape upstream, the lower reaches of the river flows 5. 　　 　 (smooth).
For hundreds of years, 6. 　　 　 (local) built villages and townships amid rainforests along the river. Liuke Village is one of them. In recent years, in answer 7. 　　 　 the country’s rural revitalisation drive(乡村振兴运动), authorities 8. 　　 　 (make) efforts to attract tourists to the village with sightseeing and entertainment programmes. For instance, villagers and tourists can admire the beauty of the Wanquan River along a 1.2-km-long “landscape belt”．
To attract young people, village authorities have developed programmes such as riverside camping and kayaking. “The 9. 　　 　.(transform) of the village not only attracted tourists,
10. 　　 　 helped retain(留住) villagers，” says local official Wang Kelu, adding that they can earn a salary by working in the village.
【语篇解题】本文一篇说明文。文章介绍了海南的留客古村及其历史和民俗。
1．built　考查动词的-ed形式。句意：在中国南部海南省的留客村，以深色的砖和红色的窗户建起的房子静静地矗立在高大的绿色椰树之间。分析句子结构可知，谓语是stand，空格处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，houses和build之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词(动词的-ed形式)。故填built。
2．suggests　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：这个村庄的名字就像是他的英文翻译“让客人留下”一样暗示出了它的好客。空格处作谓语；本句是对客观事实的描述，应用一般现在时；主语为单数，谓语动词需用单数形式。故填suggests。
3．sitting　考查动词的-ing形式。句意：留客村是坐落在海南万泉河下游平原上的古村之一。is是谓语动词，空格处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，villages和sit之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填sitting。
4．which　考查定语从句。句意：有一首经典的中国民歌唱的就是赞扬河水的清澈。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词song，空格处在从句中作主语，指物，应用which引导。故填which。
5．smoothly　考查副词。句意：与上游湍急的水流和多山的景观不同，河流的下游流动平缓。空格处修饰动词flows，作状语，应用副词。故填smoothly。
6．locals　考查名词的数。句意：几百年来，当地人在雨林中沿河修建了村镇。空格处在句中作主语，local为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用其复数形式。故填locals。
7．to　考查介词。句意：近些年来，响应乡村振兴运动，官方努力用观光和娱乐项目吸引游客到村里。 in answer to为固定搭配，意为“响应”。故填to。
8．have made　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：同上题。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语 “In recent years”可知，时态要用现在完成时；主语为authorities，是复数，助动词应用have。故填have made。
9．transformation　考查名词。句意：当地官员王克鲁说：“村庄的改造不仅吸引了游客也帮助留住了村民。”他还补充说他们可以通过在村里工作来赚取工资。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，空格处应填名词作主语。故填transformation。
10．but　考查连词。句意：同上题。not only...but(also)...是固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的加拿大朋友Adam下个月要来中国进行为期一周的短暂游玩。他非常喜欢中国的历史和传统。请你给他推荐一座中国城市，内容包括：
1．推荐的地方；
2．推荐的理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Adam，
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Adam，
Knowing that you intend to pay a visit to China this winter, I’m more than delighted to recommend you a fascinating city—Dali.
Dali, located in southwest of Yunnan Province, is widely renowned for its comfortable warm climate, which can make your winter journey a good experience. Besides, its picturesque scenery must impress you profoundly, particularly Cangshan and Erhai.
Finally, it is surely advisable for you to experience Dali’s diverse culture and some historical sites in person, from which you can have a better understanding of Bai ethnic group’s tradition.
I sincerely hope that you can enjoy yourself and if you have any problem, please feel free to contact me.
Yours，
Li Hua

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