资源简介

(共104张PPT)
UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Period Three　Using Language
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜单词拼写
1．remark n．& v．评论；谈论；引人注目；显耀→ _____ adj.非凡的；显著的
2．politics n．政治；政治事务→ ________ n．从政者；政治家；政客
3．gradual adj.逐渐的→________ adv.逐渐地；逐步地
【答案】1．remarkable　2．politician　3．gradually
Ⅱ.猜短语填空
due to; as a consequence; come to power; take up; sum up; put forward; pass away; in particular
1．When the new ruler____________，he made peace with all his former enemies.
2．Mr Smith left a career in teaching to ____________ a position in the big company.
【答案】1．came to power　2．take up
3．The teacher asked us to ____________ the main point of the lesson in three sentences.
4．Unfortunately，__________ unforeseen circumstances，this week’s show has been cancelled.
5．I missed the earliest bus this morning, and __________，I was late for the meeting.
【答案】3．sum up　4．due to　5．as a consequence
Ⅲ.预备写作素材
1．阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦被认为是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
Albert Einstein______________ one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.
【答案】1．was considered　
2．我的声音变得很低沉，以至于前几天在电话里被误以为是男人。
My voice has got so low now that I __________________ a man the other day on the phone.
【答案】2．was mistaken for
3．选拔过程是基于对能力和经验的严格测试。
The selection process ______________________________ strict tests of competence and experience.
4．似乎你对中国文化非常热情。
It seems ______________ you are really enthusiastic about Chinese culture.
【答案】3．is based on　4．as though/if
5．据报道，那条铁路到下个月末完成。
____________________ the railway will have been completed by the end of next month.
【答案】5．It is reported that
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.浏览课文，然后填空
【答案】1．physics　2．learning　3．achievements　
4．Europe　5．characters　6．loss
Ⅱ.阅读课文，选择正确选项
(　　)1．What do we know about Einstein from the second paragraph
A．He didn’t study hard at school.
B．He often failed in the exams.
C．He was talented in maths and physics.
D．He managed to pass the exam at the first attempt.
【答案】C
(　　)2．When did Einstein enter research full-time at a university
A．In 1900． B．In 1905．
C．In 1909． D．In 1922．
【答案】C
(　　)3．What does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us
A．His achievements in physics.
B．His appearance and personal characters.
C．His research work.
D．His fame and wealth.
【答案】B
(　　)4．What can we infer about Einstein from “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein！”？
A．He was sometimes committed.
B．He was sometimes generous.
C．He was sometimes serious.
D．He was sometimes humourous.
【答案】D
(　　)5．What happened to Einstein in 1933
A．He came to power in Germany.
B．He was forced to leave Germany.
C．He moved to Europe for his degree.
D．He refused to work as a researcher in USA．
【答案】B
课堂新知讲练
1．infer vt.推断；推定
(P6)At other times，the reason is given right after the opinion or decision，and the link can be inferred.
【翻译】在其他时候，理由是在意见或决定之后给出的，并且可以推断出其中的联系。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)infer…from… 根据……推断……
(2)inference n. 推断
make inferences 推理；推断
draw the inference that… 判断出……
【用法详解】
I have a preference that I usually make inference at the conference by using a reference book.
我偏爱在会议中用一本参考书来帮助我得出一个推论。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)I infer ________ your letter that you have not made up your mind yet.
(2)What can __________ (infer)from Paragraph 3
(3)From his manner，we drew the ________(infer)that he was satisfied with the exam.
【答案】(1)from　(2)be inferred　(3)inference
完成句子
(4)从他的穿着和彬彬有礼的举止来看，很容易推断他来自一个富裕的环境。
From the way he dressed and his gentle manners, _________ he came from a wealthy background.
【答案】(4)it was easy to infer that
2．come to power (开始)掌权；上台
(P8)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany.
【翻译】在1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。
come to/into power (开始)掌权；上台
take power掌权
be in power执政；当权
within one’s power力所能及的
beyond/out of one’s power力所不能及的
have the power to do sth.有能力做某事
【用法详解】
You can depend on it that it is within his power. He can help you.
你可以相信那在他的能力范围之内。他能帮助你。
【特别提醒】
come to/into power表示动作，be in power表示状态，所以come to power不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，而be in power可以。
How long has he been in power
他执政多久了？
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Do you know when Hitler came ________ power
(2)It’s beyond my power __________(understand) how the computer works.
(3)China is a country where the people are ________ power.
【答案】(1)to/into　(2)to understand　(3)in　
完成句子
(4)She believes that she ____________ to solve the problem.
她相信，她有解决这个问题的能力。
【答案】(4)has the power
3．consequence n．结果；后果
(P8)As a consequence, he had to flee Germany.
【翻译】结果，他不得不逃离德国。
(1)in consequence/as a consequence＝as a result 因此；结果
in consequence of/as a consequence of＝as a result of
由于……原因
(2)consequent adj.随之发生的；由……引起的
consequently adv.所以；因而
【用法详解】
Consequently, they further lifted the price of gold in terms of tomatoes and potatoes.
因此，从番茄和土豆的角度看，他们进一步提高了黄金的价格。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)She was a bright and eager student and, _____________ (consequence), did well in school.
(2)I think the warming of the earth and the _____________ (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.
【答案】(1)consequently　(2)consequent
(3)As a consequence of his illness, he couldn’t attend classes. __________ consequence, he fell behind all of his classmates.
完成句子
(4)The city was in ruins ___________________________．
由于严重的地震，这座城市变成了废墟。
【答案】 (3)As a/In　(4)in consequence of/as a consequence of/as a result of a severe earthquake
4．take up a position担任；任职
(P8)After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA．
【翻译】在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。
take up拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据(时间或空间)
take away解除；消除
take down拿下；取下；记下
take in理解；欺骗；接纳
take off脱去；起飞；突然成功；休假
take on呈现；开始雇用；承担
【用法详解】
【图画助记】
图解take off/up/down
The reporters took down the speech in shorthand.
记者们用速记法记下了讲话的内容。
They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.
它们会肯定需要吸收大量液体。
I don’t feel ready to take on new responsibilities.
我不愿意承担新的责任。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)As our plane took ________，I told myself that I would absolutely return someday.
(2)But they need to understand why they should take _______ a huge project.
(3)I could hardly take ________ what the old man said for he was so weak.
【答案】(1)off　(2)on　(3)in
完成句子
(4)He left and _____________________________ in another company.
他走了，在另一家公司谋得了一个新职位。
【答案】(4)took up a new position
5．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
(P9)Apart from his remarkable achievements, what does the passage tell us about Einstein’s life
【翻译】除了他卓越的成就，关于爱因斯坦的生活方面，这篇文章还告诉了我们什么？
(1)be remarkable for… 以……著称
(2)remark v．说起；议论；评论；注意
n．评论；言论
remark on/upon就……发表意见；评论
remark that… 评论……
(3)make a remark/remarks on/about…
就……发表意见；评论……
(4)remarkably adv.显著地；非常；引人注目地
【用法详解】
Everyone remarked loudly on his absence.
每个人都大声地议论着他的缺席。
People, when they had to, behaved remarkably well.
人们，在不得已时，表现得非常好。
【语境串联】
Most people make many remarks without saying anything remarkable.
很多人滔滔不绝，可说的内容毫无价值。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The great writer makes __________(remark) achievements in writing.
(2)I wouldn’t like some of them to make ________ remark on my private affairs.
(3)It’s rude to remark __________ the appearance of others.
【答案】(1)remarkable　(2)a　(3)on/upon
完成句子
(4)The region ___________________ its woodland scenery.
该地区以森林景色著称。
【答案】(4)is remarkable for
6．sum vi.总结；概括
n．金额；款项；总数；总和
(P9)Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.
【翻译】运用你的笔记写关于这个人的介绍，并总结你对这个人的看法。
(1)sum up总结；概括；是……的总和；合计
to sum up总之；概括地说
(2)a large sum of一大笔；大量的
in sum大体上；一言以蔽之；总之
【用法详解】
They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.
为了纪念他们的儿子，他们向学院赠送了一笔钱。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)________ sum, the two countries are now true economic partners.
(2)She summed it ________ as “the most brilliant lecture I’ve ever attended”．
(3)Well, ________(sum) up, what is the message that you are trying to get across
【答案】(1)In　(2)up　(3)to sum
完成句子
(4)Does the writer ______________________ this person
作者总结了他对这个人的感觉吗？
【答案】(4)sum up how he feels about
1．(P8)He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2．
【翻译】他为世界做出了许多贡献，最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E＝mc2。
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
本句中的“the most well-known being the general theory of relativity…”为“名词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。
独立主格结构形式为：
(1)名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)
(2)名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已完成)
(3)名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)
(4)名词/代词＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(5)There being＋名词/代词
【归纳拓展】
The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.
工作没有完成，我们还不能去看电影。
Many people joined in the rescue work, some of them women and children.
许多人加入了救援工作，其中一些是妇女和儿童。
There being no bus, I had to walk home.
因为没有公共汽车，我不得不走回家。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Lots of homework __________(do), I have to stay at home all day.
(2)More time ________(give), we should have done the job much better.
(3)Time __________(permit), we’ll go to your house.
【答案】(1)to do　(2)given　(3)permitting
完成句子
(4)__________________ ，the meeting had to be put off.
那么多学生缺席，会议不得不延期。
【答案】(4)So many students being absent
2．(P8)He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
【翻译】他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
【句式剖析】
本句中的as though “好像；似乎”，引导方式状语从句，相当于as if引导方式状语从句。
(1)as though/if引导方式状语从句时，通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符或相反的情况；如果与事实相符，则用陈述语气。
(2)as though/if还可用在be, look, seem, sound, taste, smell, feel等系动词后面，引导表语从句。
(3)当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语又包含动词be时，从句的主语和动词be通常可省去。
【归纳拓展】
It seems as though/if it is going to rain.
天似乎要下雨了。
She left the room hurriedly as if (she was)angry.
她好像很生气，急匆匆地离开了房间。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He shook his head as if ________(say) “Don’t trust her.”
(2)He did something wrong but looked as if nothing ________ (happen).
【答案】(1)to say　(2)had happened
完成句子
(3)The old lady treats the boy _______________________．
这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子。
(4)It ______________________ there is a knock at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
【答案】(3)as if he were her own son
(4)sounds as if/though
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．At present, he has become a________(教授) of chemistry at Oxford University.
2．This________(机构) is attached to Beijing University.
【答案】1．professor　2．institute
3．That sounds fine in________(理论), but have you really thought it through
4．I’ll ________(起草) a contract for you.
5．The latest device was protected by________(专利).
【答案】3．theory　4．draft　5．patent
6．She’s studying for her________(博士学位) these days.
7．He’s a________(天才)at organising people.
8．The whole nation had________(哀悼) the death of their great leader.
【答案】6．doctorate　7．genius　8．mourned　
9．The________(设备)is not designed to transmit data to satellites.
10．She was the most remarkable woman he had ever ______ (遇到).
【答案】9．device　10．encountered
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Now in the mid-eastern part, it is ________(extraordinary) difficult for the rest of the world to come to an agreement.
2．After four decades of reform and opening-up, Silicon Valley of China has ________(gradual) become a global hardware center.
【答案】1．extraordinarily　2．gradually
3．This year has seen a number of _________(remark) business stories in China, including some masters from several big companies.
4．He will take________ his post as the head of the civil courts at the end of next month.
【答案】3．remarkable　4．up
5．________(draft) contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practising law.
6．When the government had come ________ power, he had been named minister of culture.
【答案】5．Drafting　6．to/into
Ⅲ.短语填空
commit oneself to; keep track of; come to power; sum up; sort out; serve as; bet on
1．It is three years since he ______________，and the leadership of him has seen people’s living standard improved.
2．If cycling each day can make you healthier, why not ________ it and have a better life
【答案】1．came to power　2．commit yourself to　
3．Supporting actor as he was in the film, he talked as if he __________ a leading character and contributed a lot to its success.
4．Clara says in an upset manner, “I am moving to another office and I am afraid I ____________ all the papers and files this time tomorrow.”
【答案】3．served as　4．will be sorting out
5．In the remote area, digital connection, offers an opportunity to find innovative ways to ________________ elderly people’s health and other needs, and accordingly provide them with those services.
【答案】5．keep track of　
6．This is the first time that I ________ the horse, only to find I am not a lucky man.
7．It is recommended by the professor that the conclusion ____________ in three aspects.
【答案】6．have bet on　7．be summed up
提升练
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Rahul was a hard-working and determined individual who believed that success could only be achieved through perseverance and effort. He had big dreams of becoming a renowned musician, and he knew that it would require countless hours of practice and dedication to reach his goal.
Rahul’s family was not wealthy, and they couldn’t afford to buy him a musical instrument. However, Rahul’s unwavering(坚定的) determination pushed him to find a solution. He began working odd jobs in the village, doing chores for neighbours, and saving every penny he earned. He even started waking up early in the morning to help local farmers with their work.
After months of saving, Rahul finally had enough money to buy a second-hand guitar. It was old and worn, but to Rahul, it was a treasure. He spent hours each day practising, strumming the strings and experimenting with different melodies. His fingers grew calloused(起茧的), but he never complained. Instead, he saw it as a sign of progress, a proof to his hard work.
Despite his talent, Rahul faced numerous challenges along his journey. People would often discourage him, telling him that he was wasting his time pursuing his dreams. But Rahul remained determined, using their skepticism as fuel to work even harder.
One day, news spread throughout the village about a music competition being held in the nearby city. The competition promised the winner will get a chance to perform in front of renowned(著名的) musicians and industry professionals. Rahul saw this as an opportunity to showcase his talent and prove to everyone that hard work pays off. With great anticipation, Rahul prepared for the competition. He practised day and night, fine-tuning(微调) his skills and perfecting his performance.
注意：
1． 续写词数应为150左右；
2． 请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
Finally, the day of the competition arrived.________________ ________________________________________________ 　　
Days went by, and the results of the competition were announced. _____________________________________________ ___________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Finally, the day of the competition arrived. He travelled to the city eagerly. As Rahul took the stage, his heart was filled with a mixture of nervousness and excitement. The crowd falling silent, he played the strings of his guitar with passion, pouring his heart and soul into his music. The audience was attracted by his performance, and applause broke out as he finished his piece. Rahul had given it his all, and he felt a sense of accomplishment regardless of the outcome.
Days went by, and the results of the competition were announced. Rahul won the first prize. The judges praised his hard work, dedication, and the emotional connection he established through his music. He was awarded a scholarship to a famous music academy, where he could further better his skills and learn from accomplished musicians. Rahul’s story spread far and wide, inspiring others with his determination and devotion. He became a symbol of the power of hard work and the belief that dreams can come true with unwavering efforts.
写作高效提升
写一篇人物简介
动笔前，你的大体构思：
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
◎单元写作目标
【引人入胜的开头句】
…is one of China’s greatest painters, who was born in a poor farmer’s family in…
……是中国最伟大的画家之一，其出生在……的一个贫苦的农民家庭。
◎话题佳句
…the son of a poor family, was born on…in…
……的一个贫苦家庭的儿子，于……(时间)生于……(地点)
As for my favourite figure in Chinese history, he/she must be…，a great thinker.
至于在中国历史上我最喜欢的人物，他/她一定是……，一位伟大的思想家。
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
He/She is good at spoken English and even better at using computers.
他/她擅长英语口语，而且更擅长使用电脑。
He went to college, during which he showed great interest in…
他上了大学，在大学期间他对……表现出极大的兴趣。
Ordinary-looking as he is, he has rich experience and he is deeply respected by…
他虽然相貌平平，却经验丰富，深受……的尊敬。
【回味无穷的结尾句】
She is a good…and we all like her.
她是一个好……我们都喜欢她。
We regard him as our model.
我们把他作为我们的榜样。
Apparently…has set a good example to us.
显然……给我们树立了一个好榜样。
【写作任务】
假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚笔友Jenny来信，让你介绍一位你最崇拜的中国科学家。请你根据下列表格中的内容提示给她写一封回信。
◎写作范例
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇： 高速动车组high-speed EMU
姓名 梁建英 出生年份 1972年
职务 中国高铁总设计师 主要 经历 1．1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作 2．研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组 3．2015年获奖 【写作指导】
主题 人物简介 体裁 应用文
人称 第三人称 时态 一般现在时
和一般过去时
布局 第一段： 介绍自己最崇拜的科学家的名字及其职务 第二段： 介绍该人物的出生年份，再介绍其主要经历 第三段： 表达自己对人物的看法 【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1．________ 　　　　vt.全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
2．________　　　　adj.不一般的；非凡的
【答案】1．commit　2．extraordinary
3．________　　　　adv.显而易见；显然
4．________　　　　出生于
5．________　　　　在……中起关键作用
6．________　　　　因而
【答案】3．apparently　4．be born in
5．play a key role in…　6．as a consequence
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1．句式积累
(1)我最敬佩的中国科学家是梁建英。她是中国高速动车组的总设计师。
The Chinese scientist ________________ is Liang Jianying. She is the general designer of the Chinese high-speed EMU.
【答案】(1)I admire most　
(2)梁建英出生于1972年。
Liang Jianying __________________ 1972．
(3)自1995年大学毕业以来，她一直致力于研究中国高铁的发展。
Since she _________ in 1995, she _____________________ the development of the Chinese high-speed railway.
【答案】(2)was born in　(3)graduated from university; has been committing herself to researching into
(4)因为她对我们的国家做出了杰出的贡献，中国在世界高铁中发挥着关键作用。
Because of _________________________________，China ____________________ high-speed railways all over the world.
【答案】(4)her extraordinary contributions to our country; is playing a key role in
2．句式升级
(5)将句(1)升级为含有非限制性定语从句的句子
【答案】The Chinese scientist I admire most is Liang Jianying, who is the general designer of the Chinese high-speed EMU.
(6)将句(4)升级为强调句
【答案】It is because of her extraordinary contributions to our country that China is playing a key role in high-speed railways all over the world.
【连句成篇】
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Dear Jenny,
The Chinese scientist I admire most is Liang Jianying, who is the general designer of the Chinese high-speed EMU.
Liang Jianying was born in 1972．Since she graduated from university in 1995, she has been committing herself to researching into the development of the Chinese high-speed railway.
Afterwards, she invented the 300－350 km/h high-speed EMU. It is because of her extraordinary contributions to our country that China is playing a key role in high-speed railways all over the world. As a consequence, she was awarded in 2015．
Apparently, Liang Jianying has set a good example to us. Everyone should learn from her.
Yours，
Li Hua
你身边值得你尊敬和爱戴的人是谁？你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“The Person I Respect”为题，写一篇英语短文参加比赛。
内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．尊敬和爱戴的原因。
◎写作练笔
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
The Person I Respect
We have a lot of respectable people around us._____________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
The Person I Respect
We have a lot of respectable people around us．The most beloved and respected person around me is my teacher, Ms Li.
She is kind and considerate towards us.We all respect her because she always tries new ways to make her classes lively and interesting.Hardworking and knowledgeable, she is one of the best teachers in our school.
When we have problems, we will turn to her for help.She always talks to us patiently and helps us find a solution.
In our eyes, she is not only our teacher, but also our best friend.These are why she deserves our respect.(共81张PPT)
UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Period Two　Learning About Language
课前自主预习
A．迅速离开；逃跑
B．结论；推论
C．小说家
D．图表；记录；制订计划
E．流；流动；流畅；供应
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．In conclusion, parents have to change some of their beliefs about how children should be raised.(　　)
2．The key to success as a romantic novelist is absolute belief in your story.(　　)
3．Over many years, flowing water wore deep grooves into the rock.(　　)
【答案】1－3　BCE
4．The chart can clearly show that our sales of products increase a lot.(　　)
5．The enemies fled away in all directions.(　　)
【答案】4－5　DA
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．conclude v．总结；归纳→ ________ n．结论；推论
2．novel n．小说→ ________ n．小说家
【答案】1．conclusion　2．novelist
Ⅲ.预备语法(非限制性定语从句)
填入适当的关系代词/关系副词
1．Tu Youyou talked about the life-saving drug, ________ she discovered in the 1970s.
2．Isaac Newton, ______ was born the same year that Galileo died, is popularly known as one of the greatest scientists in history.
【答案】1．which　2．who　
3．The great painter then moved to London, ________ he lived for another ten years.
4．In the old days, ________ he was a little boy, the city had no industry to speak of.
【答案】3．where　4．when
5．J.K. Rowling, ________ Harry Potter novels made her one of the world’s best-selling authors, published a new novel in April.
6．Peter, ________ you met in London, is now back in Paris.
【答案】5．whose　6．whom
7．Tom won the first in the spoken English competition, _______ made his parents very happy.
8．My gardener, ________ is very pessimistic, says that there will be no apples this year.
【答案】7．which　8．who
课堂新知讲练
1．conclusion n．结论；推论
(P4)Did you come to any conclusions
【翻译】你得出什么结论了吗？
◇词汇拓讲
(1)draw/reach/come to/arrive at a/the
conclusion得出结论
in conclusion最后；总之；总而言之
【用法详解】
(2)conclude vt.推断出；得出结论；使结束
vi.结束；终止
conclude…from… 从……中推断出……
conclude (from sth.) that… (从某事中)推断出/断定……
conclude sth.with…/by doing…以/通过做……结束……
to conclude最后
In conclusion, it’s not suitable to include English words in Chinese dictionary.
总的来说，将英语单词加入中文字典是不合适的。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The ______________(conclude) of the story left me feeling satisfied.
(2)She is ______________(conclude) her presentation with a summary of key points.
(3)They ______________(conclude) their meeting by setting goals for the next month two hours ago.
【答案】(1)conclusion　(2)concluding　(3)concluded
完成句子
(4)As the final notes of the music echoed through the concert hall，the audience broke into a thunderous applause，__________ ________________________．
随着音乐的最后几个音符在音乐厅中回荡，观众们爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，得出结论：他们目睹了一场真正卓越的表演。
【答案】(4)reaching the conclusion that they had witnessed a truly remarkable performance
2．circumstance n．[usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况
(P5)There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control.
【翻译】我们帮不了琳达什么忙。对于她的处境我们无能为力。
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下
in/under any circumstances在任何情况下
in/under no circumstances决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
【用法详解】
We should stand by our promises under any circumstances.
在任何情况下，我们都应该信守诺言。
【特别提醒】
以下短语均意为“决不；无论如何也不”：at no time, in no way, in no sense, on no account, on no condition。它们置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)__________ this circumstance，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
(2)The meeting has been cancelled due to ______________ (circumstance)beyond our control.
【答案】(1)In/Under　(2)circumstances
完成句子
(3)______________________________________________，which is vital for my future development.
我无论如何都不会错过这个宝贵的机会，这对我未来的发展至关重要。
【答案】(3)Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity
◇句式解读
(P4)It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow country-men.
【翻译】他突然想到，照片中的其他中国男人显然并不在乎同胞们身上发生的事。
【句式剖析】
It strikes sb.that…意为“某人突然想到……”。其中的It是形式主语，that引导的句子是真正的主语。
It hits/hit sb.＋从句　某人突然想起……
It occurs/occurred to sb.that… 某人突然想到……
【归纳拓展】
Suddenly, it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
我突然想起，在那时，一个女子去学医是多么的困难啊。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)It struck me ______ we had really learnt a great deal there.
(2)________ hit me that everyone was unusually silent.
(3)It occurred to me that I ________(forget) to lock the door.
【答案】(1)that　(2)It　(3)had forgotten
完成句子
(4)When I got home, __________________________ I had left my Chinese textbook in the classroom.
我回到家后，突然想到把我的语文课本忘在教室里了。
【答案】(4)it occurred to/hit/struck me that
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【观察课文原句】
1．This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.
2．In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
3．From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
4．Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
5．Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
6．This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
【我的领悟】
Ⅰ.句______是非限制性定语从句，句______是限制性定语从句。
Ⅱ.句1中的关系词在定语从句中作________。
Ⅲ.句2中的关系词在定语从句中作________。
Ⅳ.句3、4、6中的关系词在定语从句中作____________ 。
Keys: Ⅰ.1、2、5、6; 3、4　Ⅱ.定语
Ⅲ.地点状语　Ⅳ.主语
□非限制性定语从句
在本单元，语法主要学习的是非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作一些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。
一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
项目 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
作用 起限定作用，限制或约束先行词，不可去掉，否则主句的意义不完整 对整个句子的意义并不重要，即使去掉，原句仍有意义
结构 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开
项目 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
功能 先行词不可缺少的定语 对先行词起补充说明作用
关系词 (1)作宾语时可省略；但在介词之后不能省略 (2)可用that (1)作宾语时不可省略
(2)不可用that或why
This is the fact that I have collected till now.
这就是我迄今收集到的事实。(限制性定语从句，先行词是“the fact”)
The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.
那部小说，我昨晚读的那本，非常有趣。(非限制性定语从句，先行词是“The novel”)
The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad.
这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。(非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话)
This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.
这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句，关系代词作宾语可省略)
Tom had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.
汤姆刚刚交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句，关系代词作宾语不可省略)
二、非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法
(一)who, whom, whose引导的非限制性定语从句
1．关系代词who, whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。
2．关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom作宾语；介词后用whom, 不可用who。
3．whose作定语，先行词是人时，“whose＋n.”相当于“the＋n.＋of whom”。先行词是物时，“whose＋n.”相当于“the＋n.＋of which”。
Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.
我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，是一位出色的厨师。
Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了很多东西。
The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
桌子上的书是我们的奖品，书的封皮很亮。
(二)as, which的用法
1．as, which两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
太阳使地球暖和起来，这对我们人类很重要。
Our country has sent up another man-made earth satellite, as is reported in the papers.
正如报纸上所报道的那样，我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
2．as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。
项目 as which
指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前
意义 正如 这；那
I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.
我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》，这本书是我的同班同学推荐给我的。
The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
正如所报道的那样，仅仅一年的时间，吸烟者的数量下降了17%。
(三)when, where的用法
1．关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语。
2．关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语。
3．when/where有时可以换成“介词＋which”。
We’ll put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
我们打算把公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能会更好。
I left on Sunday, when/on which everyone was at home.
我是在星期日离开的，当时每个人都在家。
(四)“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
在“介词＋关系代词”中，关系代词用whom指人，用which指物。
We are short of two people, without whom we will need three more days to finish the work.
我们缺少两个人，没有他们，我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。
□针对练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The newly-built cafe, the walls of _____ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
2．I live in a small town, __________ there is a church near my house.
3．My room, _____ windows face the south, is very bright.
【答案】1．which　2．where　3．whose
4．My roommate, ________ is an excellent cook, invited us to dinner last night.
5．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ________ uses it somewhat differently.
【答案】4．who　5．which
Ⅱ.同义句转换
1．It is known to us that Taiwan is part of China.
→______________________，Taiwan is part of China.
【答案】1．As is known to us
2．Her sister teaches us English, and she will go abroad next year.
→Her sister, __________________ will go abroad next year.
3．He failed in the exam. It made his parents very angry.
→He failed in the exam, __________________________．
【答案】2．who teaches us English
3．which made his parents very angry
Ⅲ.短文语法填空
Derwent Hotel
Keswick, 1．________ lies at the heart of the Lake District, is the best place for a holiday. And the Derwent hotel, 2．________ overlooks the town, is the place to stay at.
【答案】1．which　2．which　
The street, 3．________ the hotel lies, is quiet and clean. Most people get up late in the morning on weekends, 4．________ the cleaners still have much work to do. The cleaners keep the street clean and beautiful.
【答案】3．where　4．when
Peter and Debbie Jackson, 5．________ bought this small hotel three years ago, have already won a lot of praise for excellence. Peter, 6．________ cooking interests people from far and wide, was once Young Chef of this year.
【答案】5．who　6．whose　
The guests, 7．________ the owners treat almost as members of the family, always come first. Omar, Sharif, 8．________ once stayed at the hotel, said it was “great”. And the Lake District, 9．________ has so much wonderful scenery, will not disappoint you. Derwent Hotel was one of the best hotels 10．________ they would not forget.
【答案】7．who/whom　8．who　9．which　10．that
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, ________ is essential to enjoying a harmonious life.
2．The man just busied himself in playing his cellphone, totally ignoring his girlfriend, ________ let out a deep sign and left him.
【答案】1．which　2．who　
3．The professor plans to put off the outing until next week, ________ he won’t be so busy.
4．We have a special offer for 10 days, ______ you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.
5．________ is well known, China is a country with a long history.
【答案】3．when　4．when　5．As
6．I failed to go to a drama school, ________ my interest lay.
7．When walking down the street, I came across David, ________ I hadn’t seen for years.
8．Mr Zhang, ________ daughter went to Qinghua University last year, retired.
【答案】6．where　7．who/whom　8．whose　
9．Personally, I prefer to work in a team, ________ offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others.
10．Keeping pets is her hobby, ________ comforts her lonely heart greatly.
【答案】9．which　10．which
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．There lives an old man near the school, the son of whom is working abroad.
→There lives an old man near the school, _______________ is working abroad.
【答案】1．whose son/of whom the son
2．This is the house where they spent their childhood.
→This is the house ___________ they spent their childhood.
3．That tree, whose branches are almost bare, is very old.
→That tree, _______________ are almost bare, is very old.
【答案】2．in which
3．the branches of which/of which the branches
4．China has thousands of islands, of which Taiwan Island is the largest.
→China has thousands of islands, ______________________ is Taiwan Taiwan Island.
【答案】4．the largest of which
5．The old man has two daughters, and both of them work as teachers.
→The old man has two daughters, ______________________ work as teachers.
【答案】5．both of whom
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．They all agreed to this, and _____________________．
他们全部都同意了这个主意，于是冒险就这样开始了。
2．________________ she ought to make a new plan at first.
她突然想起她首先应当制定一个新计划。
【答案】1．that was how their adventures began
2．It struck her that
3．During travelling, one can meet various people, _________ ____________．
在旅游期间，旅游者可以见到形形色色的人，并和他们结交新朋友。
【答案】3．with whom they can make new friends
4．Mr White，__________________________，is a famous scientist.
怀特先生是一位著名的科学家。我从他身上学到了很多东西。
【答案】4．from whom I’ve learned a lot
提升练
阅读理解
About 15 years ago，Andrew McLindon，a business owner and passionate cyclist，was riding his bike in Austin，Texas，when he thought about a friend’s 12-year-old son.The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from a brain condition that often caused balance disturbances.
When he got home，now 60，he went online and found a three-wheel recumbent(侧卧的) bike with a seat belt，perfect for a child with balance issues.Soon the boy was cycling around the street with his peers，having fun and getting exercise.But there was more，as McLindon learned from his friend’s reaction.“To see his son interacting with other kids，” McLindon says，“I’ll never forget the smile on his face.”
That smile launched the McLindon Family Foundation.Funded by donations，the group works with pediatric rehab(小儿康复) clinics to find children who can benefit from owning bike and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child.A bike may include a headrest，a shoulder band，a seat belt，and a caregiver’s steering and braking system in the back.The bikes are expensive—$3,000 to $4,000，and that’s with the foundation’s large discount. For kids lucky enough to get one, they’re a life changer.
“We worked with a 14-year-old who had a back problem，” says McLindon.“She spent most days on the couch watching TV.Soon after she got her bike，she was training for special-needs triathlons(铁人三项).In a magazine interview，she said，’I always knew there was an athlete in me.’”
So far，the foundation has given away 450 bikes，and that’s just a start.“I do a lot of things.I run a lot of companies，” McLindon says.“But getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do.”
1．What inspired Andrew McLindon to search for a special bike online
A．His enthusiasm for cycling.
B．His ambition to start a new business.
C．His goal to invent a new type of bike.
D．His desire to help a boy with balance issues.
2．Why was McLindon Family Foundation established
A．To sponsor special-needs triathlons.
B．To raise money for pediatric rehab clinics.
C．To provide adaptive bikes for disabled children.
D．To offer a social network to children with special needs.
3．What benefit can adaptive bikes bring
A．They can offer medical treatment.
B．They can provide exercise and fun.
C．They can relieve physical suffering.
D．They can improve academic performance.
4．What does McLindon think of his work with the McLindon Family Foundation
A．It is a worthwhile effort.
B．It is a temporary solution.
C．It is financially rewarding.
D．It is technically challenging.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Andrew McLindon建立了一个基金会，和小儿康复医院合作，给身体有残疾的小孩提供适应性自行车来帮助他们获得锻炼和快乐的故事。
1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容和第二段中的“When he got home, now 60，he went online and found a three-wheel recumbent(侧卧的) bike with a seat belt，perfect for a child with balance issues.”可知，Andrew McLindon想帮助朋友的儿子，他因脑部疾病在平衡感上有问题，因此他上网去搜索适合有平衡问题的孩子的特殊自行车。故选D项。
2．C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“That smile launched the McLindon Family Foundation…to the particular needs of the child.”可知，McLindon家族基金会创立是为了满足孩子的特殊需求，给残疾儿童提供适合他们的适应性自行车。故选C项。
3．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When he got home，now 60…having fun and getting exercise.”可知，适应性自行车能提供锻炼和乐趣。故选B项。
4．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，McLindon认为给孩子们自行车是他做的最重要的事情，说明他认为自己付出的努力是值得的。故选A项。(共108张PPT)
UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
能够理解并正确运用非限制性定语从句；
阅读有关人物介绍类的文章，了解其文体特征及语言特点，有效获取信息；
掌握说话、交谈中的补白信息；熟练运用表达观点或结论的常用语言结构；
掌握人物描写的文体结构，能够快速获取信息。
【素养提升】
思考伟人给我们的世界带来的变化，并思考如何从他们身上学到优秀品质；
能够运用描述性词汇和非限制性定语从句写一篇描述人物的文章；
了解中外伟人的非凡成就，学习他们的优秀品质；掌握获得非凡成就的科学方法。
Period One　Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
A．植物学的
B．分析
C．清晰的；清楚的；有区别的
D．学业的；学术的
E．(尤指经努力)获得；赢得；(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．There is going to be an academic speech this afternoon in our school.(　　)
2．Thanks to his hard work, several new botanical species have been discovered since last year.(　　)
3．They had the medicine analysed to find out whether they were getting the real drug or not.(　　)
【答案】1－3　DAB
4．To our excitement, we obtained a very clear result in the second experiment.(　　)
5．The region’s cultural identity is quite distinct from that of the rest of the country.(　　)
【答案】4－5　EC
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．commit vt.承诺；保证→ ________ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
2．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→ ________ n．区别
【答案】1．committed　2．distinction　
3．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开　n．沸腾；沸点→ ________ adj.沸腾的
4．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的→ _________ adv.显而易见；看来；显然
【答案】3．boiling　4．apparently
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Local restaurants are __________________(必不可少的一部分) of any neighbourhood — they feed us, employ many, and are places for gathering.
2．Henry has _______________________(承诺) undertake research into the causes of lung cancer.
【答案】1．a vital part　2．committed himself to
3．We all live __________________________(怀着……的目的) being happy; our lives are all different and yet the same.
4．They were still fighting for their country and would _____ _______________________(绝不认输).
5．Nowadays many companies ______________(坚决要求) their staff undergoing regular medical checks.
【答案】3．with the objective of　4．never acknowledge defeat　5．insist on
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.阅读课文，匹配段落大意
(　　)1．Para.1 (　　)2．Para.2 (　　)3．Para.3 (　　)4．Para.4 A．How artemisinin was discovered.
B．The reason for Tu Youyou getting the Nobel Prize.
C．The discovery was a team effort.
D．Tu Youyou’s personal life and her research task.
【答案】1－4　BDAC
Ⅱ.阅读课文，选择正确选项
(　　)1．What’s the main theme of the text
A．A Nobel Prize winner.
B．The Nobel Prize.
C．A new treatment for malaria.
D．The process of the research.
【答案】A
(　　)2．Which of the following statements about artemisinin is NOT true according to the passage
A．It has saved so many lives.
B．It has improved people’s health.
C．It is a great discovery.
D．It has saved 100,000 lives a year in the world.
【答案】D
(　　)3．Where is the passage possibly chosen from
A．A hospital registration.
B．A report of great people.
C．A speech for the Nobel Prize.
D．A book on medicine.
【答案】B
(　　)4．What can we infer about Tu Youyou and her team members
A．They are generous and strict.
B．They are relaxed and ambitious.
C．They are determined and persistent.
D．They are curious and courageous.
【答案】C
(　　)5．How is the passage mainly organised
A．In order of time.
B．In order of space.
C．In order of importance.
D．In order of location.
【答案】A
课堂新知讲练
1．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
(P2)Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
【翻译】青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据说仅在非洲一年就可以挽救10万人的生命。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)be of vital importance to… 对……至关重要
be vital to/for… 对……至关重要
It is vital that sb. (should) do sth.
某人做某事是极其重要的。
(2)vitality n. 活力；生机；生命力
(3)vitally adv. 极其；紧要地
【用法详解】
These measures are vital to/for national security.
这些措施对国家安全至关重要。
He is firmly convinced that it is vital to do this.
他坚信做这件事至关重要。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)You can talk about some cultural differences between China and America from your own experiences, which is ________ vital importance to us.
(2)Reading interesting Chinese news every day is vital _______ American exchange students if they want to learn Chinese well.
【答案】(1)of　(2)to/for
完成句子
(3)If we want to make a difference in life，it’s vital that _____ _____________________________．
如果我们想要在生活中有所作为，从小事做起就极其重要。
【答案】(3)we (should) start with small things
2．commit vt.承诺；保证
vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
(P2)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955．
【翻译】屠呦呦，一位尽心尽力、有耐心的科学家，于1930年12月30日出生在中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
(1)commit…to… 把……送交/托付给……；对……作出承诺/承担义务/担负责任；使(自己)致力于……
commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)
承诺；保证(做某事)
commit a crime犯罪
(2)committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
be committed to致力于；投身于
(3)commitment n．承诺；交托；信奉
【用法详解】
Tom is a committed member of our football team.
汤姆是我们足球队尽心尽力的队员。
He committed himself to/was committed to the cause of education.
他投身于教育事业。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He is _________ (commit) to finishing the project on time.
(2)Her _______(commit) to her studies has eventually paid off.
(3)He has committed ____________(he) to carrying out some fascinating research into the language of dolphins.
【答案】(1)committed　(2)commitment　(3)himself　
完成句子
(4)Later he _______________________________ researches on classical literature.
在这以后致力于古典文学的研究。
【答案】(4)committed himself to
3．evaluate vt.评价；评估
(P2)Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
【翻译】她的团队查看了2 000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万株植物的药用特性进行了评估。
(1)evaluate sb.on/by… 根据……评价某人
(2)evaluation n．估计；评价
make an evaluation of… 对……进行评估
【用法详解】
The anger was that all the rest of us were evaluated on what we produced.
愤怒的是，我们其余所有人都是按照自身产出被予以评价的。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)We must evaluate her ability ________ her work.
(2)The key approaches to be used in test and ______________ (evaluate) have been proven right.
【答案】(1)on/by　(2)evaluation
一句多译
(3)我们必须评估火灾造成的后果。
We _________ the consequences caused by the fire.(evaluate)
＝We must _______________ the consequences caused by the fire.(evaluation)
【答案】(3)must evaluate; make an evaluation of
4．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
(P2)They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
【翻译】然后，他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿，并使用从青蒿中获得的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。
(1)obtain knowledge/one’s degree获得知识/学位
obtain sb.sth.＝obtain sth.for sb.给某人带来某物
obtain sth.by doing sth.通过做某事获得某物
obtain sth.from sb./sth.从某人/某物获得某物
(2)obtainment n．获得
(3)obtainable adj.能得到的
【用法详解】
As far as I’m concerned, what he had done obtained him respect.
在我看来，他的所作所为给他赢得了尊敬。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The value of a person can ___________ (obtain) by relative evaluation.
【答案】(1)be obtained　
完成句子
(2)Only with a firm determination will we _____________．
只有坚定信念，我们才能取得巨大的变化。
(3)Further information can _________________ head office.
可以从总公司获得进一步的信息。
【答案】(2)obtain great change　(3)be obtained from
5．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
(P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
【翻译】然而，屠呦呦并不甘于失败。
(1)acknowledge (doing/having done)sth.承认(做过)某事
acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as…承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge that… 承认……
It’s generally/universally acknowledged that… 大家公认……
(2)acknowledgement n．承认；感谢；确认
【用法详解】
She is usually acknowledged as/to be one of our best artists.
她是我们公认的最好的艺术家之一。
I wish to acknowledge your assistance in the making of this film.
我要鸣谢你在拍摄这部电影中给予的帮助。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Since you acknowledged __________(commit) the mistake, I would give you another opportunity.
(2)A few days later, I received an ________(acknowledge) for my hard work.
【答案】(1)committing/having committed
(2)acknowledgement
完成句子
(3)________________________________ life consists of not only sunshine but also storms.
大家都知道，生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。
【答案】(3)It is universally acknowledged that
6．defeat n．失败；挫败　vt.击败；战胜
(P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
【翻译】然而，屠呦呦并不甘于失败。
(1)defeat sb.击败某人
(2)defeated adj. 被击败的；受挫的，泄气的
(3)defeatable adj.可战胜的
(4)defeatist n．失败主义者
【用法详解】
This is why many adults suffer defeat every day.
这就是很多成年人每天遭受失败的原因。
These setbacks should not be acknowledged as defeat, however.
但是，这些挫折不能被视为失败。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He trained hard __________(defeat) his opponent in the boxing match.
(2)The _________(defeat) team walked off the field with their heads down.
(3)Although __________(defeat), you can still find something more precious than victory.
【答案】(1)to defeat　(2)defeated　(3)defeated
完成句子
(4)I am writing to congratulate you on ___________________ ____________．
听说你在比赛中击败了其他所有的竞争对手，我写信是为了向你表示祝贺。
【答案】(4)having defeated/beaten all the other competitors in the competition
7．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
(P2)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
【翻译】她的结论是，煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用性能。
(1)As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above…
正如上面的图片/图表/文章明显展示/陈述的那样……
(2)apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
(3)It is apparent that… 显然……
【用法详解】
He was apparently much surprised at the news.
他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He paused, ____________(apparent) lost in thought.
(2)Soon after, it was apparent to everyone ____________ he couldn’t sing.
【答案】(1)apparently　(2)that
完成句子
(3)________________________________________，there are about 10% students supporting the idea.
正如上面图表所明确显示的那样，大约有10%的学生支持这种观点。
【答案】(3)As is apparently shown in the chart above
8．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
(P3)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
【翻译】屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要在自己身上测试这种药，以确保它的安全性。
(1)insist on/upon (doing) sth.坚决要求(做)某事
(2)在“insist＋that…”结构中，当insist作“坚决主张，坚持要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。当insist作“坚持说；坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
(3)insistence n. 坚决要求；坚持主张
(4)insistent adj. 坚持的
【用法详解】
You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right.
你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的观点。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The man insisted that it wasn’t his fault and that he _______ __________(set) free.
(2)He insisted that he ____________(have) already completed the assignment.
(3)I insist ____ your taking immediate action to put this right.
【答案】(1)should be set　(2)had　(3)on/upon
完成句子
(4)He has a strong-willed personality and _________________ ___________________，regardless of what others might suggest or recommend.
他个性倔强，坚持按照自己的方式做事，不管别人怎么建议或推荐。
【答案】(4)insists on/upon doing things in his own way
1．(P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine…”
【翻译】当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说，“荣誉不只是属于我自己的……”
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
在本句中，“介词upon＋v.-ing形式”构成介词短语，用作时间状语。upon还可转换为介词on, 表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体。依据语境，可译作“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”。
(1)As soon as/Once/When＋时间状语从句，＋主句．
(2)The moment/instant/second/minute＋时间状语从句，＋主句．
(3)Instantly/Immediately/Directly＋时间状语从句，＋主句．
(4)On/Upon＋动词的-ing形式/名词，＋主句．
【归纳拓展】
(5)No sooner had＋主语＋动词的-ed形式…＋than＋主语＋动词的过去式.
(6)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely＋had＋主语＋动词的-ed形式…＋when＋动词的过去式.
No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
他刚到家，就被要求出另一次差。
At the sight of him, I remember my brother who is working in Shanghai.
看到他我就想起了我那在上海工作的弟弟。
Immediately he arrived, he started telling us what to do.
他一到达，就开始告诉我们该做什么。
On his return from his vacation, he began writing his first novel.
他休假回来后，就开始写他的第一部小说。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Upon __________(arrive) at the office, our English teacher began to get down to his work.
(2)I’ll tell him __________ minute that he gets here.
(3)I will go there ______(direct) I have finished my breakfast.
【答案】(1)arriving/arrival　(2)the　(3)directly
完成句子
(4)_______________________，he jumped with great joy.
一收到大学录取通知书，他高兴得跳起来。
(5)____________________，tears of joy streamed down her cheeks.
她一看到她新生婴儿的脸庞，喜悦的泪水就流过她的脸颊。
【答案】(4)On/Upon receiving the offer from the university
(5)The moment/minute/instant she saw her newborn baby’s face
2．(P3)It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
【翻译】中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。
【句式剖析】
It is an honour for sb. to do sth. 意为“对某人来说，做某事是一种荣誉/一件幸事”。
it 作形式主语的常用句式：
(1)It be＋动词的-ed形式(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported…)＋that 从句.
(2)It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible…)＋to do sth./that 从句．
(3)It be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a good idea，no wonder…)＋that 从句．
【归纳拓展】
I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary for you to learn about the table manners of China.
听说你要去拜访一个中国家庭，我非常高兴。你有必要了解一下中国的餐桌礼仪。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)__________________________________ the sunset over the ocean.
看着太阳落在大海的尽头，真是令人着迷。
【答案】(1)It is fascinating to watch
(2)__________________________ on a tour of Beijing.
能带你参观北京对我来说是一种极大的荣幸。
【答案】(2)It would be a great honour for me to take you
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Teachers use various methods to ________ (评估) their students’ progress.
2．His voice was quiet but every word was __________(清晰的).
【答案】1．evaluate　2．distinct　
3．The main __________(目标) of this project is to increase sales by 20%.
4．Don’t overcook the pasta. Let it _______(沸腾) for exactly ten minutes.
5．She tried her best to _________(获得) a scholarship for her studies abroad.
【答案】3．objective　4．boil　5．obtain
6．Facing __________(失败)，the team refused to give up and fought until the end.
7．The chemical ________(物质) was harmful and dangerous if mishandled.
【答案】6．defeat　7．substance
8．I __________(坚决要求) that we follow the safety guidelines while conducting the experiment.
9．It is of v______ importance to drink plenty of water in the summer months.
10．In order to pass your exam，it is c_______ that you study hard.
【答案】8．insist　9．vital　10．crucial
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Please tell people how to deal with the rubbish _________ (scientific).
2．The ______________(academy) community plays a crucial role in advancing knowledge.
【答案】1．scientifically　2．academic
3．The ___________(analyse) of the data exposed significant connections between the factors.
4．She is deeply ______________(commit)to her studies and spends countless hours in the library.
【答案】3．analysis　4．committed
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．____________________________，don’t forget to let me know as soon as possible.
一到达那里，别忘了尽快告知我。
【答案】1．The instant you arrive there
2．He insisted that ____________________ three days ago and that the past mistakes __________________．
他坚持认为三天前我们错了，并坚决要求必须纠正过去的错误。
【答案】2．we were wrong; (should) be corrected
3．He was a good worker who _________________________ as well as to his work.
他是一个好工人，不仅对工作尽心尽力，对家庭也尽到了责任。
【答案】3．was committed to his family
4．我很荣幸邀请您参加中国剪纸艺术展。
_________________________________ to attend the Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition.
【答案】4．It is my great honour to invite you
提升练
完形填空
Today, the Braille writing system is the most well-known language system used by blind people all over the world to read and write. It was __1__ by Louis Braille, a young blind child at the age of 12, to __2__ the way blind people read books at the time.
At age 10, Louis Braille got a(n) __3__ provided by France’s National Institution of Blind Youth, where he took up the piano. It was there that he first heard a(n) __4__，given by a soldier, who told the children about a code his fellow soldiers used to communicate without __5__，at night, in battle.
Braille was very __6__ and realised that the writing system could actually be adapted to a writing/reading system __7__ to the blind. He set out and worked to __8__ the soldier’s code. After two years of hard work, Braille __9__ the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based(基于字母表的) code. He continued to work on the system over time, __10__ developing a machine with a friend that let blind people type in the regular alphabet.
Braille published his system when he was 20． Despite the __11__ from his fellow blind students, the system was refused by some __12__ and school board members — they __13__ that blind people might take away their jobs.
Braille __14__ as a teacher and musician, but his system didn’t spread beyond the institution. It was only after his death that the system caught attention and became the __15__ way blind people read and write around the world.
1．A．ignored B．invented
C．analyzed　　　　　　 D．accepted
2．A．improve B．recommend
C．stress D．advocate
3．A．requirement B．introduction
C．scholarship D．response
4．A．suggestion B．announcement
C．lecture D．argument
5．A．thinking B．marking
C．moving D．speaking
6．A．tired B．upset
C．confused D．interested
7．A．familiar B．beneficial
C．fair D．safe
8． A．perfect B．defend
C．remove D．share
9．A．figured out B．looked into
C．carried on D．picked up
10．A．originally B．regularly
C．eventually D．apparently
11．A．decision B．comment
C．praise D．doubt
12．A．pianists B．interviewers
C．soldiers D．instructors
13．A．hoped B．feared
C．confirmed D．promised
14．A．recovered B．succeeded
C．struggled D．judged
15．A．common B．similar
C．easy D．rare
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了法国盲人Louis Braille在一次学校讲座中听到一位士兵讲述战斗中运用代码的故事，受此启发他发明了“布莱叶盲文”。
1．B　考查动词辨析。句意：它是由一个12岁的盲童，Louis Braille发明的，旨在改善当时盲人的阅读方式。根据下文“Braille published his system when he was 20．”可知，盲文书写系统是由Braille发明的。故选B项。
2．A　考查动词辨析。句意：同上题。根据空格后的“the way blind people read books at the time”以及下文“Braille was very __6__ and realised that the writing system could actually be adapted to a writing/reading system __7__ to the blind.”可知，此处表示Braille发明盲文书写系统，目的在于改善当时盲人的阅读方式。故选A项。
3．C　考查名词辨析。句意：10岁时，Louis Braille获得了法国国家盲人青年研究所提供的奖学金，在那里他开始学习钢琴。根据空格后的“provided by France’s National Institution of Blind Youth, where he took up piano”可知，Braille获得的是法国国家盲人青年研究所提供的奖学金，所以他可以在那里学习钢琴。故选C项。
4．C　考查名词辨析。句意：正是在那里，他第一次听到了一位士兵的演讲，他告诉孩子们，他的战友们在战斗中经常在晚上不说话的情况下交流。根据空格后的“…given by a soldier, who told the children about a code his fellow soldiers used to communicate without __5__，at night, in battle.”以及常识可知，此处表示一位士兵给孩子们做的演讲。故选C项。
5．D　考查动词辨析。句意：同上题。根据空格前的“who told the children about a code his fellow soldiers used to communicate without”以及常识可知，在晚上的战斗中，士兵和战友需要保持安静，所以此处表示他们进行交流时并没有说话。故选D项。
6．D　考查形容词辨析。句意：Braille对此非常感兴趣，并意识到书写系统实际上可以适应一种对盲人有益的书写/阅读系统。根据下文“He set out and worked to __8__ the soldier’s code.”可知，Braille对此非常感兴趣，开始研究士兵们的代码。故选D项。
7．B　考查形容词辨析。句意：同上题。根据下文“He set out and worked to __8__ the soldier’s code.”可知，Braille开始研究士兵的代码，推测此处表示Braille意识到书写系统可能对盲人有益处。故选B项。
8．A　考查动词辨析。句意：他开始着手完善士兵的代码。根据下文“After two years of hard work, Braille __9__ the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based(基于字母表的) code. He continued to work on the system over time… ”可知，Braille在完善士兵的代码，使其可以适合盲人。故选A项。
9．A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过两年的努力，Braille算出了现在人们熟悉的六点制基于字母表的代码。根据空格后的“the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based(基于字母表的) code”可知，此处表示在两年的努力之后，Braille算出了现在被人们熟悉的代码。故选A项。
10．C　考查副词辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，他继续研究这个系统，最终与一位朋友研发了一台机器，可以让盲人输入普通字母。根据上文“After two years of hard work, Braille __9__ the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based(基于字母表的) code. He continued to work on the system over time…”可知，经过努力，最终Braille与朋友研发了一台可以让盲人输入普通字母的机器。故选C项。
11．C　考查名词辨析。句意：尽管他的盲人同学们对此表示赞扬，但该系统遭到了一些教员和学校董事会成员的拒绝——他们担心盲人可能会抢走他们的工作。根据空格后的“from his fellow blind students, the system was refused by some __12__ and school board members — they __13__ that blind people might take away their jobs”以及空格前的Despite可知，此处表示尽管Braille的系统得到了盲人同学的赞扬，但却被一些学校董事会成员拒绝。故选C项。
12．D　考查名词辨析。句意：同上题。根据下文“Braille __14__ as a teacher and musician, but his system didn’t spread beyond the institution.”可知，此处表示学校范围内的一些人员拒绝Braille的系统。故选D项。
13．B　考查动词辨析。句意：同第11题。根据空格后的“that blind people might take away their jobs”可知，此处叙述教员和学校董事会成员拒绝的原因，他们担心盲人可能会抢走他们的工作。故选B项。
14．B　考查动词辨析。句意：Braille作为一名教师和音乐家取得了成功，但他的体系并没有传播到学校之外。根据空格后的“as a teacher and musician, but his system didn’t spread beyond the institution”以及语境可知，句子前后内容存在转折关系，空格处应表示Braille作为教师和音乐家是成功的。故选B项。
15．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：直到他去世后，这个系统才引起人们的注意，并成为世界各地盲人阅读和写作的常见方式。根据空格后的“blind people read and write around the world”可知，此处表示Braille发明的系统成为世界各地的盲人阅读和书写的常见的方式。故选A项。(共49张PPT)
UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Period Four　Assessing Your Progress—Video Time
课前自主预习
even though; hundreds of; sum up; lead to; commit oneself to
Ⅰ.短语填空
1．A thinking person must ____________ working for peace.
2．There are _______________ students sitting in the dinning hall.
【答案】1．commit himself/herself to　2．hundreds of　
3．__________________ he is a little child , he knows a lot about the environment.
4．It’s his carelessness that finally _______————_____ the car accident.
5．To ____________，there are three main findings about you that come out in social psychology.
【答案】3．Even though　4．leads to　5．sum up
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．__________________(你曾经读过) a biography of a great person
2．He spent most of his days outdoors and had ____________ (深爱；热爱) the wild lands.
【答案】1．Have you ever read
2．deep love for
3．This mother tried to persuade her son to study hard, _____ ___________________(这不起作用).
4．The teacher __________________________(打开了一个全新的世界) to her by teaching her how to communicate.
5．Mei Lanfang ________________________(被认为是) one of the masters of Beijing Opera today.
【答案】3．which didn’t help/work
4．opened a new world
5．is considered/known as
课堂新知讲练
1．to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是
(P10)To our surprise, he was actually the gentle and caring father of three children.
【翻译】令我们惊讶的是，他实际上是三个孩子的温柔体贴的父亲。
◇词汇拓讲
“to one’s＋表示情感的名词”意为“令某人感到……的是”，其中的名词皆为抽象名词(joy，delight，disappointment，sorrow，excitement等)，也可用“to ＋the＋表示情感的名词＋of sb.”。
【用法详解】
To her parents’ joy, she won the first prize for her maiden work.
令她父母高兴的是，她的处女作得了一等奖。
【特别提醒】
若要加强该结构的语气，通常有两种方式：
(1)在名词前加 great, deep等形容词修饰。
To our great delight, the day turned out fine.
使我们感到十分高兴的是，天气转晴了。
(2)在整个短语前加 greatly, much 等副词修饰。
Greatly to my regret, I cannot attend the party.
很可惜的是，我无法参加聚会。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)__________ our great disappointment, it rained on the day of the picnic.
(2)Much to her __________(excite), she was hired by a large company.
【答案】(1)To　(2)excitement
同义句转换
(3)To our surprise, the young couple found the missing necklace.
→______________________，the young couple found the missing necklace.
【答案】(3)To the surprise of us
2．scores of大量的；许多的
(P10)A genius for invention, Thomas Edison obtained scores of patents.
【翻译】托马斯·爱迪生是一个发明天才，获得了许多专利。
(1)a score of 二十个
(2)score vi.& vt.得分；比分；记分
n．(游戏或比赛)得分；(考试)分数；二十
score a goal进球
score full marks得满分
【用法详解】
Each correct answer will score two points.
每答对一题得两分。
The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.
大雨和洪水淹死了许多家畜。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)John became the second player ________(score) more than 3,000 points.
(2)There are _________(score) of people there, maybe eighty or more.
(3)It is believed that at least ________ score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
【答案】(1)to score　(2)scores　(3)a
完成句子
(4)They watched helplessly as _______________________，some ignoring them on purpose.
当许多人从旁边走过时，他们无助地看着，其中一些人故意不理他们。
【答案】(4)scores of people walked by
(P10)Did this unit cause you to change your thoughts about greatness If so, how
【翻译】本单元是否让你改变了对伟大的看法？ 如果是这样的话，是怎样改变的呢？
【句式剖析】
本句中的“If so”为条件状语从句的省略。此句相当于“If it is so”，其中的so用来指代前面提到的内容。
◇句式解读
if构成的其他省略形式：
if not如果不
if any如果有
if ever如果曾经有的话
if necessary如果有必要
if possible如果可能
【归纳拓展】
I will buy a computer if (it is) necessary.
若有必要，我就买一台电脑。
【特别提醒】
在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且谓语动词为be动词时，则可以省去其主语和be动词。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)I hear that Tom is ill. If ________，let’s go to see him.
(2)________ possible, you should try it once more.
【答案】(1)so　(2)If　
同义句转换
(3)Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, if there are any.
→Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, _______.
(4)I’ll go if you are going. If you aren’t going, I’d rather stay at home.
→I’ll go if you are going. ______，I’d rather stay at home.
【答案】(3)if any　(4)If not
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They are used for moving ________(液体) from one pressure area to another pressure area.
2．Water is _______ (必不可少的) to keeping every living thing alive.
3．A journalist should be completely ________ (客观的) and not express any personal ideas or emotions.
【答案】1．liquid/liquids　2．vital　3．objective
4．________(创建) in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the world.
5．The results of the survey fell into two________(有区别的) groups.
6．This ____________ (理论) helps to explain how animals communicate with each other.
【答案】4．Founded　5．distinct　6．theory
7．Tom finally came to the ________(结论) that it was not easy to lose weight.
8．Over those years, she ___________ (逐渐地) built up a reputation as a successful lawyer.
【答案】7．conclusion　8．gradually
Ⅱ.短语填空
insist on; wear and tear; commit oneself to; come to power; sum up; by chance; in the beginning; in particular; lead to; as a consequence
1．Will you please _________________ the main ideas of this article
2．They declared independence and _________________ developing their own industry.
【答案】1．sum up　2．insisted on
3．He _____________________ a decade ago and made extraordinary achievements.
4．_________________，many people did not understand her decision.
5．Lack of exercise may _________________ feelings of depression and exhaustion.
【答案】3．came to power　4．In the beginning　5．lead to
6．Several years after they’d split up they met again _______ ____________ in Paris.
7．The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal _________________．
8．He chose medicine as his vocation and _______________ curing diseases.
【答案】6．by chance　7．wear and tear　8．committed himself to
9．This is a crucial year for your relationships in general and your love life _____________________________．
10．The best young economists, _____________________，have already attracted plenty of attention.
【答案】9．in particular　10．as a consequence
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．__________________ than me,
he never looked down on me.
虽然他比我优秀，但是他从没有瞧不起我。
2．The book seemed to ____________________ before me.
那本书好像在我面前打开了一个崭新的世界。
【答案】1．Although/Though he was more excellent
2．open up a new world
3．________________________ will be of great value to us.
获得的经验对我们将很有价值。
4．______________________，he began to cry.
听到这个消息，他开始哭了。
【答案】
3．The experience gained
4．Upon/On hearing this news
5．He _________________________________ he bought a house and went to live there.
他刚一回来便买了一幢房子住了进去。
6．The girl listened ____________________the same thing.
女孩子倾听着，好像她也经过同样的事情似的。
【答案】
5．had no sooner returned than
6．as if she had experienced
提升练
Ⅰ.七选五
Hard work has been part of every laureate’s(获奖者的) journey towards the Nobel Prize. For example, Francoise Barré-Sinoussi spent time in the lab on the morning of her wedding. After Michael Brown’s first daughter was born, he went straight back to discuss the next day’s experiments. Early-career scientists often ask laureates about work-life balance. __1__
Spend time with your family and friends. Many laureates stress the value of maintaining personal relationships. Doctor Brian Kobilka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. __2__ However, despite a heavy workload, he also made time for his family. As Brian Kobilka explains, family provides essential support.
Sleep well at night. __3__ It is therefore tempting to finish work before health-promoting activities. However, this is a trap which Oliver Smithies advises against. Not only is sleep needed to stay healthy, but your brain needs sleep to function at full capacity so you can generate ideas and solve problems.
__4__ Family, work and sleep are all important to a scientist’s success. But they don’t all have to be a constant focus. Sometimes it will be important to avoid maintaining everything at a high level. Don’t be daunted by the idea you have to do everything perfectly at once — you can have a different focus at different times.
Don’t work too hard. Ultimately, working too hard won’t be beneficial. Not only do you risk burning yourself out, but you are also restricted in your thinking. Taking time away from work can allow you to approach problems in a new way. __5__
Laureates often point out that working long hours doesn’t always lead to efficiency.
A．My solutions may be of some help.
B．Their answers can be enlightening.
C．Focus on different aspects of your life.
D．Never hesitate to bravely rise to challenge.
E．Sleep, exercise and eating well can all conflict with working long hours.
F．He would moonlight in an emergency room as well as working in the lab.
G．Going for a walk, for example, gives you the chance to take a step back and see things differently.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过列举诺贝尔奖得主关于工作与生活的观点，介绍了维持工作与生活平衡的方法。
1．B　根据上文中的“Early-career scientists often ask laureates about work-life balance.”可知，青年科学家经常向获奖者询问工作与生活的平衡。再结合下文内容可知，下文主要讲述了诺贝尔获奖者维持工作与生活平衡的策略。B项“他们的答案很有启发性。”符合语境。故选B项。
2．F　根据下文中的“However, despite a heavy workload, he also made time for his family.”可推知，空格处应介绍Brian Kobilka博士工作方面的事情。F项“除了在实验室工作外，他还会在急诊室兼职。”符合语境。故选F项。
3．E　下文中的“However, this is a trap which Oliver Smithies advises against. Not only is sleep needed to stay healthy, but your brain needs sleep to function … solve problems.”说明工作与睡眠不冲突。由此可推知，空格处表达的观点应与之相反。E项“睡眠、锻炼与健康饮食都可能与长时间工作冲突。”符合语境。故选E项。
4．C　根据下文中的“Family, work and sleep are all important to a scientist’s success … you can have a different focus at different times.”可知，家庭、工作和睡眠都很重要，但不需要一直关注所有内容，也不必把每件事做到完美，可以在不同的时间有不同的关注点。C项“关注生活的不同方面。”适合作本段的主题句。故选C项。
5．G　根据上文中的“Taking time away from work can allow you to approach problems in a new way.”可知，从工作中抽出时间可以让你以一种全新的方式处理问题。G项“例如，出去散步，可以让你有机会退一步，以不同的方式看待事物。”符合语境。故选G项。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你校正在举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你选择一位中国历史人物写一篇英语短文投稿。内容包括：
1．人物简介及事迹；
2．意义或启示。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Knowing that our school is holding an essay contest with the theme of “Telling Chinese Stories in English”，I’d like to sincerely recommend a historical figure — Zheng He.
Zheng He made seven voyages on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, which strengthened harmonious relations with the areas he reached and spread Chinese civilisation to the world.
His extensively acknowledged accomplishments made him one of China’s most influential explorers. In fact, he inspires me to major in cultural exchange in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.
I am fully convinced that Zheng He’s stories and achievements will inspire more and more teenagers to explore the world and his far-reaching impacts will last for ever.(共97张PPT)
第二部分　单元测试卷
UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
(满分：120分　　建议用时：120分钟)
第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2．5分，满分37．5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg, born around the year 1400 in Germany, is widely regarded as the inventor of the modern printing press.Before about 1450, most books were written or copied by hand.This made them extremely time-consuming to produce and expensive to buy.But in 1455 Gutenberg developed a machine which could print multiple copies of the same book.
Gutenberg did not achieve financial success as a result of his breakthrough, but his invention helped to spread knowledge across Europe and was a major factor in the Renaissance.
Louis Braille
Born in France in 1809, Louis Braille became blind at the age of three after an accident in his father’s workshop.When he was ten, he earned a place at a special school for blind children in Paris.In 1821, Charles Barbiera, a former soldier, visited the school and talked about a code that he’d invented allowed soldiers to share information on the battlefield without speaking.Impressed by this idea, Louis worked on his own code to help the blind read.The code that Louis invented has become standard throughout the world.
Samuel Morse
Samuel Morse, born in 1791 in Massachusetts, the USA, started his career not as an inventor but as an artist.He had great artistic talent and soon became well-known for his portraits, but he also had a passion for new technology.In 1832, while travelling home by sea from Europe, he overheard a conversation about electromagnetism, and this gave him the idea for a new form of communication — the electric telegraph.Although other inventors had developed similar machine, Morse’s machine worked better and he applied for and got the patent in 1837．
Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell, a pioneer in the field of telecommunications, was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Perhaps because of his mother’s hearing problems, Bell had a particular interest in the education of deaf people.This led him to invent the microphone.Bell was not the only inventor working in this field, but his lawyer managed to secure the all-important patent which gave Bell ownership of the idea.
1．According to the passage, what do the four people have in common
A．All of them had several failures before their success.
B．All of them had a miserable life at the beginning.
C．All of them are pioneers in their own areas.
D．All of them made a big fortune in life.
2．________ had another career before starting to invent.
A．Johannes Gutenberg
B．Samuel Morse
C．Louis Braille
D．Alexander Graham Bell
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Louis Braille was inspired by a military invention.
B．Johannes Gutenberg had a difficult time during his education.
C．Samuel Morse helped to educate people in many countries.
D．Alexander Graham Bell suffered a terrible injury at a young age.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上四个伟大的发明家。
1．C　细节理解题。根据第一个发明家“Gutenberg did not achieve financial success as a result of his breakthrough, but his invention helped to spread knowledge across Europe and was a major factor in the Renaissance.”，
第二个发明家“The code that Louis invented has become standard throughout the world.”，第三个发明家“Although other inventors had developed similar machine, Morse’s machine worked better and he applied for and got the patent in 1837．”以及最后一个发明家“Bell was not the only inventor working in this field, but his lawyer managed to secure the all-important patent which gave Bell ownership of the idea.”可知，四位发明家在各自的领域都是先驱者。故选C项。
2．B　细节理解题。根据Samuel Morse部分中的“Samuel Morse, born in 1791 in Massachusetts, the USA, started his career not as an inventor but as an artist.”可知，Samuel Morse之前是一位艺术家，即Samuel Morse在开始发明之前有另一个事业。故选B项。
3．A　细节理解题。根据Louis Braille部分中的“In 1821, Charles Barbiera, a former soldier, visited the school and talked about a code that he’d invented allowed soldiers to share information on the battlefield without speaking.Impressed by this idea, Louis worked on his own code to help the blind read.”可知，Braille的发明灵感来自一项军事发明。故选A项。
B
As you walk around the UK in March，you might notice that some people are wearing a daffodil(水仙花) on their coats.The British wear these yellow flowers to show they support one of this country’s best-known charities：the Marie Curie Cancer Care.
The Marie Curie Cancer Care tries to ensure everyone diagnosed with cancer is cared for in the best possible way.It also helps fund research into possible cures through other organisations.Founded in 1948，it has been continuing with its goal ever since.
The charity was named after Marie Curie，a renowned scientist.She experimented with newly-discovered elements to create the theory of radioactivity.Unfortunately，over-exposure to the radioactive elements made her develop a disease and die in 1934．Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in two different fields.Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy(化学疗法)，the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.
The daffodil is one of the first plants to flower during spring in the UK，which marks the return of flowering plants to the ecosystem after winter.Because of this，the charity uses the daffodil as a metaphor for bringing life to other people through charitable giving.
Everyone you see wearing a daffodil has donated money to the charity，but each daffodil is worth only what you want to pay for it.The charity does ask that you stick to a minimum amount of ￡1．
The charity encourages people to start wearing their daffodils at the start of March，when the “Great Daffodil Appeal” kicks off.But that doesn’t mean you can only wear them in March.People are sometimes seen walking around with daffodils on their clothes all year round.
4．What does it mean when the British wear a daffodil on their coats
A．They support a charity.
B．They are recovering from cancer.
C．They’ve been helped by a charity.
D．They’ve been diagnosed with cancer.
5．What does the underlined word “renowned” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Beautiful. B．Modest.　　　　
C．Famous. D．Humorous.
6．Why was the charity named after Marie Curie
A．Because patients required that.
B．Because it was launched by her.
C．Because she greatly supported it.
D．Because it could show respect for her.
7．What can we learn about the daffodil from the text
A．It can be used as medicine.
B．It’s thought to stand for hope.
C．It’s widely worn worldwide.
D．It’s sold to the wearers at a high price.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在三月，很多英国人会戴着水仙花，以此来表示他们支持一个慈善机构：Marie Curie癌症护理中心。
4．A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The British wear these yellow flowers to show they support one of this country’s best-known charities：the Marie Curie Cancer Care.”可知，英国人在外套上戴水仙花代表他们支持一个慈善机构。故选A项。
5．C　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The charity was named after Marie Curie”和下文“Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy(化学疗法)，the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.”可知，科学家Marie Curie很著名，由此推测，画线词意为“著名的”，与famous的词义相近。故选C项。
6．D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy(化学疗法)，the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.”可知，该慈善机构以Marie Curie命名是为了对这位伟大的科学家表示尊敬。故选D项。
7．B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“…which marks the return of flowering plants to the ecosystem after winter.Because of this，the charity uses the daffodil as a metaphor for bringing life to other people through charitable giving.”可知，水仙花被认为代表着希望。故选B项。
C
Eight scientists were awarded the 2023 Future Science Prize, also called “China’s Nobel Prize”，the first Chinese non-governmental science award jointly initiated by groups of scientists and entrepreneurs(企业家). Since the establishment in 2016, a total of 35 scientists have been awarded the Future Science Prize so far.
Chai Jijie and Zhou Jianmin received the Future Science Prize in life sciences for the discovery of resistosomes(抗原小体) and explanations of their molecular structures and functions in plant immune responses against pathogens(病原体). Understanding of resistosome functions will lead to better methods for controlling plant disease and therefore have enormous importance for global food security.
Chai said that he felt extremely honoured, excited and happy via a video call at the press conference. He emphasised that this recognition was not only for himself but also for the team’s years of hard work. “My cooperation with Professor Zhou has lasted for nearly 20 years. Our partnership has been productive and enjoyable, and I believe our cooperation will carry on，” he said.
During the video call, Zhou remarked that the Future Science Prize is grounded in the national context. It is heartening to see that the prize places greater emphasis on supporting agriculture.
Zhao Zhongxian and Chen Xianhui received the Future Science Prize in physical sciences for their influential breakthroughs in the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials and systematic advancements in elevating the transition temperature.
Notably, both Zhao and Chen conducted systematic studies to show the underlying physical mechanisms of high-Tc materials, positioning themselves at the forefront of superconductor research for several years．
He Kaiming, Sun Jian, Ren Shaoqing, Zhang Xiangyu received the Future Science Prize in mathematics and computer science, for their extraordinary contributions to artificial intelligence by introducing deep residual learning(深度残差学习).
The 2023 Future Science Prize Week and the Award Ceremony were held in Hong Kong, China from October 14 to 17．
8．For what were the eight scientists awarded
A．Their never-ending pursuit of knowledge.
B．Their long-term partnership in researches.
C．Their remarkable contributions to science.
D．Their intense efforts to overcome barriers.
9．What contributes to their discovery according to Chai
A．Vision. B．Passion.
C．Ambition. D．Cooperation.
10．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 indicate
A．Their discovery is ground-breaking.
B．Zhao and Chen have a long way to go.
C．Research is certain to be rewarded.
D．The real value cannot be overestimated.
11．What is the writing purpose of the passage
A．To appeal to many more people to innovate.
B．To reveal the recipe for eight scientists’ great success.
C．To encourage us to be committed to science.
D．To introduce the 2023 Future Science Prize.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖，并介绍了在2023年获奖的八名科学家的成就。
8．C　推理判断题。根据第二段、第五段以及倒数第二段可知，这八位科学家是因为他们对科学的卓越贡献而获奖的内容。故选C项。
9．D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He emphasised that…he said.”可知，根据 Chai 的说法，合作促成了他们的发现。故选D项。
10．A　句义猜测题。根据第五段的内容可知，他们的研究揭示了高温材料的潜在物理机制，处于超导研究的前沿，是开创性的。故选A项。
11．D　目的意图题。根据第一段以及最后一段的内容可知，本文主要介绍了2023年被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖。故选D项。
D
Shanya Gill, a 12-year-old student from California, won the top award in the Society for Science’s annual middle school competition for designing a fire detection system that is superior to existing ones, according to a press release from the organization.
Shanya’s inspiration came after a fire destroyed a restaurant in her neighborhood, reported The Washington Post. “I had never really experienced something like that before，” she told The Washington Post about the early morning fire at Holder’s Country Inn, which started in the kitchen. “They had smoke detectors, and yet it still burned down，” she added.
After she studied fire statistics and saw how common fires are, Shanya decided that she was going to do something about it. She spent more than a year developing a fire detection system that she believes could prevent the fire. That’s because smoke detectors sense active fires from the smoke in the air, while Shanya’s thermal imaging device is designed to stop fires from occurring.
Her complex system has two parts, a thermal camera and a Raspberry Pi, a tiny computer. The device detects when a heat source has been left unattended for ten minutes and sends a text message alert.
Creating the prototype(原型) was difficult and the hardest part was the coding. “I had two designs, and the final device succeeded because it outperforms smoke detectors in speed and accuracy.” Shanya wants to bring the costs down to $60 to make it even more affordable than hardwired smoke detectors.
“Shanya saw a problem and tried hard to solve it, and that’s what we need to encourage with all young people，” said Ajmera, president and CEO of Society for Science. Her remarkable research not only reflects her talent but also paves the way for an exciting new future.
12．What inspired Shanya to design the fire detection system
A．A neighbor’s burnt kitchen.
B．A report on The Washington Post.
C．A terrible restaurant experience.
D．A horrible fire in her community.
13．What is an advantage of Shanya’s invention
A．It consists of two parts that are easier to conduct.
B．It can send out a warning against a potential fire.
C．It can detect active fires from the smoke in the air.
D．It functions when a fire breaks out within 10 minutes.
14．Why did the final device succeed
A．Because it was fast and precise.
B．Because it was cheap and simple.
C．Because it was complex and unique.
D．Because it was affordable and convenient.
15．What may Ajmera agree
A．Teenagers are the architect of the future.
B．A problem is a chance to bring out the best.
C．The thirst for knowledge is a never-ending one.
D．The best way to predict the future is to create it.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Shanya Gill设计的一种优于现有火灾探测系统的装置背后的灵感来源及优点。
12．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Shanya’s inspiration came after a fire destroyed a restaurant in her neighborhood, reported The Washington Post.”可知，是Shanya的社区发生了一场可怕的火灾启发了她设计火灾探测系统。故选D项。
13．B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The device detects when a heat source has been left unattended for ten minutes and sends a text message alert.”可知，Shanya的发明的优点在于可以发出潜在火灾的警告。故选B项。
14．A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I had two designs, and the final device succeeded because it outperforms smoke detectors in speed and accuracy.”可知，最终的装置成功的原因是因为它既迅速又准确。故选A项。
15．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“’Shanya saw a problem and tried hard to solve it, and that’s what we need to encourage with all young people，’ said Ajmera…”可知，Ajmera认为问题是一个发挥最佳水平的机会。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2．5分，满分12．5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Self-disciplined people are not all outstanding people. __16__ Some of them read every day.Some of them never run late.The real difference between an elite person and an ordinary person is that an elite person can manage his or her time well.__17__
What people call self-discipline is in fact self-management.One example is staying fit.Never underestimate someone who is in good shape.Anyone who has ever tried to lose weight knows that it’s not easy.__18__ If someone is in good shape，it shows that he/she knows the principles of staying fit and is able to stick to a plan that uses these principles.
If someone is in good shape，it means that this person is good at managing themselves and their time. __19__ It also shows that this person is able to keep persevering and can balance long-term goals with short-term goals.So if someone is in good shape，he or she is more than just healthy.
__20__ First of all，set a goal and write down your reasons for wanting to achieve it.Create a list of all the things you need to do to achieve this goal and start to work on them one at a time.With self-discipline，small things in life will no longer trouble you.Only through self-discipline can you truly own your future.
A．How do you learn self-management
B．That’s where their success comes from.
C．This skill gives you the power to stick to your decisions.
D．But nearly all outstanding people are self-disciplined people.
E．Whether it is natural or acquired，it is a great skill.
F．It’s even harder to avoid putting weight back on.
G．Self-discipline means self-control，which is a sign of inner strength.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了自律的重要性以及进行自我管理的方法。
16．D　根据下文列举了一些自律的人有良好行为习惯可知，空格处后与上文构成转折，指出杰出的人都很自律。D项中的“all outstanding people”与下文中的them对应。D项“但是几乎所有杰出的人都是自律的人”符合语境。故选D项。
17．B　空格上文提到精英能很好地管理自己的时间，空格处为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这一做法的意义。B项“那就是他们成功的来源。”符合语境。故选B项。
18．F　根据空格上下文内容可知，本段主要是关于保持健康和好身材的人是如何做到的，上文提到减肥并不容易，故空格处也应是与体重相关的论述。F项中的weight与上文中的weight相对应。F项“要避免体重反弹就更难了。”符合语境。故选F项。
19．E　根据空格上下文可知，本段主要说明了一个人状态很好，说明这个人善于管理自己及自己的时间，故空格处应承接上文对“这个人善于管理自己和自己的时间”这一技能进行评价。E项“无论是天生的还是后天习得的，这都是一项伟大的技能。”符合语境。故选E项。
20．A　根据空格下文内容可知，本段的主题是如何学习自我管理。A项“你如何学习自我管理？”符合语境。故选A项。
第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not. However, Bell Burnell’s parents challenged these __21__，which enabled her to study science. Bell Burnell knew before leaving school that she wanted to be a radio astronomer. That __22__ led her to go to the University of Glasgow, where she was the only __23__ in her class. After graduation, Bell Burnell went to Cambridge University, where she yet again had to prove that she __24__．
Her first project, working with her thesis supervisor(论文导师) Hewish, was __25__ certain objects called quasars. It was __26__ to have a female student on this project. Bell Burnell herself has said that the only other females __27__ were secretaries. At this stage, it was she who __28__ the telescope and analyzed the data.
One day, checking on the data, Bell Burnell saw a signal that she couldn’t __29__. To understand what it was, she ended up bringing this __30__ to Hewish, who said it was interference. He thought that Bell Burnell had wired up the radio telescope __31__ and that is why the new signal had appeared. However, she saw the signal again afterwards. __32__，she tried to reach Hewish. Once he __33__ the pulse with his own eyes, he knew it wasn’t interference, and a new research project began. But with just one pulse, it was hard to have a(n) __34__ discovery.
A couple of days later, Bell Burnell was in her study, and she saw something __35__ to the first pulse, and thus 2 pulsars were discovered.
21．A．theories B．subjects
C．lessons D．policies
22．A．wish B．condition
C．plan D．design
23．A．failure B．student
C．female D．scientist
24．A．studied B．belonged
C．worked D．graduated
25．A．turning off B．picking out
C．shooting down D．clearing away
26．A．unnecessary B．impossible
C．illegal D．unusual
27．A．present B．alive
C．abroad D．responsible
28．A．broke B．cleaned
C．ran D．saw
29．A．explain B．store
C．copy D．recycle
30．A．signal B．question
C．task D．news
31．A．wisely B．secretly
C．wrongly D．frequently
32．A．Surprised B．Disappointed
C．Ashamed D．Touched
33．A．checked out B．came across
C．cast light on D．caught sight of
34．A．puzzling B．amusing
C．convincing D．lasting
35．A．familiar B．similar
C．open D．important
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Bell Burnell在剑桥大学时发现脉冲星的故事。
21．D　考查名词辨析。句意：然而，Bell Burnell的父母对这些政策提出异议，这使她能够学习科学。根据上文的“In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not.”可知，Bell Burnell的父母对男孩可以学习技术科目，而女孩则不能的政策提出了质疑。故选D项。
22．A　考查名词辨析。句意：这个愿望促使她去了格拉斯哥大学，在那里她是班上唯一的女性。根据上文的“Bell Burnell knew before leaving school that she wanted to be a radio astronomer.”可知，Bell Burnell想成为一名射电天文学家，这个愿望促使她去了格拉斯哥大学。故选A项。
23．C　考查名词辨析。句意：同上题。根据上文的“In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not.”可知，Bell Burnell是班上唯一的女性。故选C项。
24．B　考查动词辨析。句意：毕业后，Bell Burnell去了剑桥大学，在那里她必须再次证明自己的归属。根据上文的“In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not.”以及下文的“It was __26__ to have a female student on this project.”可知，Bell Burnell必须再次证明自己的归属。故选B项。
25．B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的第一个项目是与她的论文导师Hewish合作，挑选出一些被称为类星体的物体。根据语境以及下文中的“certain objects called quasars…and analyzed the data.”可知，此处指挑选出一些被称为类星体的物体。故选B项。
26．D　考查形容词辨析。句意：在这个项目有一个女学生是不常见的。根据语境及下文的“Bell Burnell herself has said that the only other females __27__ were secretaries.”可知，女学生参与甄选类星体的物体的科研项目是不寻常的事情。故选D项。
27．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：Bell Burnell自己说，在场的其他女性只有秘书。根据语境及空格后的“were secretaries”可知，此处指该科研项目在场的其他女性只有秘书。故选A项。
28．C　考查动词辨析。句意：在这个阶段，是她操作望远镜并分析数据。根据下文的“He thought that Bell Burnell had wired up the radio telescope”可知，Bell Burnell负责操作望远镜并分析数据。故选C项。
29．A　考查名词辨析。句意：一天，在检查数据时，Bell Burnell发现了一个她无法解释的信号。根据下文的“To understand what it was，she ended up bringing this __30__ to Hewish…”可知，此处指Bell Burnell无法解释这个信号。故选A项。
30．B　考查名词辨析。句意：为了弄明白这是什么，她最后把这个问题交给了Hewish，Hewish说这是干扰。根据空格前的“To understand what it was”以及空格后的“who said it was interference”可知，此处指她最终向Hewish提出了这个问题。故选B项。
31．C　考查副词辨析。句意：他认为Bell Burnell把射电望远镜的线路搞错了，这就是新信号出现的原因。根据语境及空格后的“that is why the new signal had appeared”可知，Hewish认为Bell Burnell把射电望远镜的线路搞错了。故选C项。
32．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：她惊讶地想去找Hewish。根据语境以及上文的“However, she saw the signal again afterwards.”可知，她又看到这个信号感到很惊讶。故选A项。
33．D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：一旦他亲眼看到了脉冲，他知道这不是干扰，一个新的研究项目开始了。根据空格后的“with his own eyes”可知，此处指Hewish亲眼看到了脉冲。故选D项。
34．C　考查动词辨析。句意：但是，仅凭一个脉冲很难有令人信服的发现。根据语境以及空格前的“with just one pulse it was hard”可知，Hewish认为仅凭一个脉冲很难有令人信服的发现。故选C项。
35．B　考查形容词辨析。句意：几天后，Bell Burnell在她的研究中，看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西，因此发现了两颗脉冲星。根据语境以及空格后的“to the first pulse, and thus 2 pulsars were discovered”可知，Bell Burnell看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During my teenage years, I developed a deep love for ballet. I would volunteer at a local dance school 36．_________ was next to my home. It was a great chance for me to be part of the dance community.
One day, there was a debate 37．________ the preferred style of ballet among the teachers. Some preferred the traditional ballet, while others were more interested in 38．________(explore) modern movements. I found the content of 39．________(they) discussions interesting.
In order to contribute to the dance world, I decided to open my own ballet school and make it 40．________(attract). I worked hard to clean up 41．________ old building and turn it into a beautiful studio. The greenhouse nearby 42．________(provide) a perfect space for practice and warm-up exercises.
Creating a suitable environment for learning and dancing was important to me. I wanted my students to feel interested. 43．________(actual), one of my main challenges was coming up with creative ideas for each class. I wanted each topic to ignite(激发) curiosity and 44．________(excite).
I was excited when my first group of freshman dancers joined the school. It was easy for them 45．________(mix) up the dance steps at first, but with practice, they became more fluent in the movements than before.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名舞蹈爱好者，成了舞蹈学校的志愿者。为了对舞蹈界有所贡献，作者决定开办自己的芭蕾舞学校，希望能激发学生们的好奇心和激情。
36．which/that　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为“a local dance school”，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
37．about　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处指一场关于老师们喜欢哪种芭蕾舞风格的争论。about意为“关于”，符合语境。故填about。
38．exploring　考查动词的-ing形式。分析句子可知，介词in后接动词的-ing形式。故填exploring。
39．their　考查代词。分析句子可知，空格处用来限定名词discussions，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
40．attractive　考查形容词。分析句子可知，make sth.＋adj.为固定结构，意为“使某物处于……状态”。此处应用形容词作宾补。故填attractive。
41．an　考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处表示泛指“一座旧建筑”，且old以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
42．provided　考查动词时态。根据全文时态为一般过去时可知，此处动词应用过去式。故填provided。
43．Actually　考查副词。分析句子可知，空格处修饰整个句子，应用副词，作状语。故填Actually。
44．excitement　考查名词。分析句子可知，空格处为动词ignite的宾语，应用名词形式。故填excitement。
45．to mix　考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，空格处为真正的主语，应用动词不定式。故填to mix。
第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom想要你给他介绍一位你最喜欢的伟大女性。请你根据下面的要点提示，用英语给他写一封回信。内容包括：
1．她的基本信息(年龄、教育、成就等)；
2．你喜欢她的原因；
3．大家对她的评价。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．信件的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom，
From your last letter, I know you want to know who is the great woman I like most. __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version：
Dear Tom，
From your last letter, I know you want to know who is the great woman I like most. My favourite is Marie Curie, a renowned physicist and chemist. Born in 1871, she was a pioneer in radioactivity research and the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, receiving it twice in her lifetime.
I admire Marie for her groundbreaking contributions to science despite the significant challenges she faced as a woman in her era. What inspires me greatly is her dedication and perseverance.
Many people regard her as a symbol of tenacity and intelligence, and she has certainly earned a prominent place in the history of science.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As I approached my fortieth birthday, I realised that my life was quite meaningless in the larger scheme of things. I had friends and a loving husband and yet something was missing. With no children, I felt that I hadn’t done anything that would help mankind or change the world. I would have no legacy to leave.
One day I was watching TV and I thought of my desire. It was to be someone who mattered. I wanted to make a difference in the lives of people and in the lives of animals. After all, dogs had always been a large part of my life, from the time when I was a little girl growing up in central Oklahoma. I thought that my “purpose” would somehow include my love of singing, writing, travel, and of course, working with animals.
Then, something happened that shook my entire core. The “love of my life” dog, my Nicholas, was diagnosed with terminal cancer. He died thirteen months later. I became quite concerned for Bear, our remaining dog, who was six years old. Bear had been Nicholas’s shadow and now that Nicholas was gone, Bear wouldn’t even eat. Our vet suggested that we get another dog to see if that would encourage Bear to eat.
I found an online advertisement for a Bichon Frise(比熊犬) and when we arrived at the place, it was a nightmare, like one of those puppy mills(工厂) you read about or see on the television news. I decided to delay my search for my “purpose” as I needed to tell the world about the horror I had discovered right in my own backyard.
I had even a bigger fight ahead of me than Nicholas’s cancer. This was a fight that would take years. I did research and then I spread the word on the Internet. People began to listen and we formed a small group of Bichon Frise lovers called Small Paws Rescue.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
I started out sending the latest news on our rescue efforts to about twenty-five people. ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My achievement made me reflect on the past. _____________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
I started out sending the latest news on our rescue efforts to about twenty-five people. Within a few months we had grown to a group of several hundred people. Some had Bichons and some had other breeds of dogs. A few years passed and my rescue stories were being read by more than six thousand people in twenty-eight different countries. National media outlets began asking me to do interviews and film episodes for Animal Planet.
My achievement made me reflect on the past. Yes, losing Nicholas was part of this journey. If I hadn’t lost Nicholas, I wouldn’t have found myself involved in this magnificent obsession called Small Paws Rescue, along with some of the finest people anywhere. Now my days are filled with helping people and animals. In the past thirteen years, Small Paws Rescue has rescued more than 8,000 dogs and has made a difference in the lives of thousands of people, too.

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