资源简介

(共71张PPT)
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
Period Two　Learning About Language
课前自主预习
A．味道；特色；特点
B．扩大；扩建部分；电话分机
C．营养(物)的
D．小麦；小麦籽
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．Donald’s been given an extension to finish his paper.
(　　)
2．The price of wheat has decreased by 15%.(　　)
3．It does sometimes help to know the nutritional content of foods.(　　)
4．The tomatoes give extra flavour to the sauce.(　　)
【答案】1－4　BDCA
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．After graduation from college, they __________________ _____ to go and settle in the countryside.
大学毕业后，他们决心到农村安家落户。
2．You’ll find it quite helpful ____ what you are interested in.
你会发现做你感兴趣的事情很有帮助。
【答案】1．made up their minds　2．to do
3．It is still unknown ________ the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
4．There are many kinds of materials that we can _________ ___________ to build houses.
有许多种我们可以用来建房子的材料。
5．His rich work experience equipped him to ____________ all kinds of people.
他丰富的工作经验使得他能与形形色色的人打交道。
【答案】3．whether　4．make use of　5．deal with
Ⅲ.预备语法(主语从句)
选用括号内合适的单词完成下列句子。
1．________(That/Whether) he had finished harvesting the wheat in such a short time surprised all the villagers.
2．________(Why/Whether) the new farming method is to be employed still needs to be discussed.
【答案】1．That　2．Whether　
3．It is known to all ________(which/that) this country is a leading agricultural nation.
4．________(When/That) the conference will be held has not been decided yet.
【答案】3．that　4．When
5．It was not clear to them ________(why/whether) the farmer behaved like that.
6．________(What/Why) the farmer wanted was a simple explanation for the loss of his farm.
7．________(That/Where) we should store these vegetables is a problem.
8．________(How/Whether) these crops died puzzled all the farmers.
【答案】5．why　6．What　7．Where　8．How
课堂新知讲练
1．deal with处理；对付；安排；对待；与……打交道；涉及
(P52)To deal with this crisis, he chose to study agriculture.
【翻译】为了应对这一危机，他选择了农业。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)deal with中的deal为不及物动词，常与疑问词how连用，表示“怎么处理/对待”；
(2)同义短语为do with，其中的do为及物动词，表示“怎么处理/对待”时，与疑问词what连用。
【用法详解】
Deal with a man as he deals with you.
以其人之道，还治其人之身。
Firstly, let us deal with the most important issue.
首先，让我们来处理最紧要的问题。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)His work experience equipped him to deal ________ all kinds of people.
一句多译
(2)我不知道怎么处理那辆旧车。
I have no idea ________________ the old car.
＝I have no idea ________________ the old car.
【答案】(1)with　(2)what to do with; how to deal with
2．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的
n．化学制品；化学品
(P53)What worries many people is that these chemicals may even cause cancer.
【翻译】让许多人担忧的是这些化学物质可能会导致癌症。
(1)a chemical plant化工厂
(2)dangerous chemicals危险化学品
(3)chemist化学家；药剂师
(4)chemistry n．化学制品；化学药品
【用法详解】
【语境串联】
My original major was the chemical engineering, but later I majored in chemistry in that famous university. My ambition was to become a chemist or work in a chemical laboratory.
我原来的专业是化学工程，在后来，我在那所著名的大学主修化学。我的理想是成为一名化学家或在化学实验室工作。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Certain __________(chemical) are easily absorbed into the blood-stream, while others are not.
(2)__________(chemistry) products were used liberally over agricultural land.
【答案】(1)chemicals　(2)Chemical
(3)He is a professor of ________ (chemist).In addition，he is a famous writer.
(4)After graduation, that lady worked as a _______________ (chemical).
【答案】(3)chemistry　(4)chemist
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【观察课文原句】
1．However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
2．How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
3．However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
4．Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains…
5．What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
【我的领悟】
Ⅰ.以上黑体部分在句中作________。
Ⅱ.句1和句5中的what在从句中作______。
Ⅲ.句3中的whether意为“________”。
Ⅳ.句4中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的______引导的从句。
Ⅴ.句2中的how在从句中作________。
Keys: Ⅰ.主语　Ⅱ.主语　Ⅲ.是否　Ⅳ.that　Ⅴ.状语
□主语从句
本单元语法主要介绍的是主语从句。主语从句是名词性从句的一种，在复合句中作主语，相当于名词。主语从句的位置可以在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面。
一、主语从句的基本用法
(一)主语从句的引导词
类别 例词 用法
从属 连词 that, whether 在从句中均不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether表示“是否”
连接 代词 who, what, which, whoever, whatever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分
连接 副词 when, where, how, why等 在从句中作时间、地点、方式或原因状语等成分
Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.
触犯本法者应予以罚款。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.
(你们中)谁先进来就谁得奖。
【名师点睛】
主语从句中连接词的选择技巧：
(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。
(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。
(二)it作形式主语
为保持句子平衡，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：
句型 说明
It＋系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important, natural, (un)likely，possible, necessary, wrong等。
It＋系动词＋名词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的名词有fact，idea，honour，question，pity等。
句型 说明
It＋系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known，proved/proven，said，decided，suggested，thought等。
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的不及物动词有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等。
It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.
明天很可能会有一场暴风雪。
It is no wonder that he has achieved so much.
他取得如此大的成就不足为奇。
It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.
据报道，在那场事故中没有乘客受伤。
It was clear that my father already had a plan.
很明显，我父亲已经有了计划。
It remained unclear when the market would recover fully.
仍不清楚市场何时会完全复苏。
【名师点睛】
(1)在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
(2)在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
二、主语从句中应注意的问题
1．从句要用陈述语序
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2．主谓一致
(1)单个主语从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.
毕业后去哪里找一份工作使他很困惑。
(2)what引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词的数应与主句中作表语的名词的数保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(3)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们在何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
□针对练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It suddenly became very clear to me ____________ lucky I was to be fluent in two languages.
2．It is said _______ drinking tea can also help fat people lose weight.
【答案】1．how　2．that　
3．____________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
4．_________ she could come to help us made us very happy.
5．____________started as a traditional Chinese treatment has become a major health trend today.
【答案】3．What　4．That　5．What　
6．____________ is known to us all that the old scientist, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.
7．____________ you’ll gain knowledge successfully or not depends on how hard you will work.
8．____________ they will come hasn’t been made public—probably tomorrow.
【答案】6．It　7．Whether　8．When
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．________________________ are some magazines.
现在她正在买的东西是一些杂志。
2．It is clear __________________________．
很明显，刚刚有人来拜访过他。
【答案】1．What she is buying now
2．that somebody came to visit him just now
3．____________________________ puzzles many people.
这个地区的争端(dispute)何时结束让很多人困惑。
4．________________________ is that she had a headache.
她没有出席婚礼的原因是她头痛。
5．It is ordered that the construction of the sports ground ______________________________________.
有人命令操场建设在下周完成。
【答案】3．When the dispute in this area will end
4．Why she didn’t attend the wedding party
5．(should) be completed next week
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In the USA, winter _______(小麦) is harvested in the early summer.
2．This food is stronger in________(味道) than other Dutch cheeses.
3．The villagers raised an objection to building a ________ (化学制品)plant beside the river.
【答案】1．wheat　2．flavour　3．chemical
4．Setting off fireworks is allowed in some ______(城市的) areas in that country.
5．They were clearing up when the second ________(炸弹) exploded.
6．Rescuers used props(支柱) to stop the roof of the _______ (隧道) collapsing.
7．Test takers with disabilities may request a time ________ (延长).
【答案】4．urban　5．bomb　6．tunnel　7．extension
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．That the lifestyle is slower and healthier ________ (be) the reason why some people prefer to live in the country rather than in the city.
2．________ people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature.
3．It was reported ________ a famous basketball player was killed in a helicopter crash.
【答案】1．is　2．That　3．that　
4．__________ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
5．__________ we can find a suitable solution to produce sufficient food while keeping the environment safe is an important topic for us to research.
6．________ we shall be successful is uncertain.
【答案】4．Whether　5．How　6．Whether　
7．When these farmers in that area will join this pilot experiment ________(remain) an unanswered question.
8．__________ worries most of us is that the chemicals may even cause cancer.
9．________ will win the match is still unknown.
10．It’s a fact ________ cats have good night vision.
【答案】7．remains　8．What　9．Who　10．that
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．It is natural ________________________ each other.
我们应该相互帮助，这是自然而然的事情。
2．____________________________ is food security.
我们最关心的是食品安全。
【答案】1．that we should help
2．What concerns us most
3．__________________________ on the earth for millions of years will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
地球上的生命能否持续数百万年将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
【答案】3．Whether life will continue
4．__________________________________ is certain.
我们肯定会迟到。
5．It was not clear _____________________________．
目前还不清楚这个固体形状是否会持续下去。
【答案】4．That we shall be late
5．whether the solid shape would last or not
提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Where to Go
Here are some of the best places across the UK for your whole family to enjoy the quality time together in nature.
Drove Orchards(果园), Thornham, Norfolk
Drove shines a bit brighter each autumn, when it starts delivering fruit.Many of the fresh apples and pears there are ready-picked as well as PYO(short for pick-your-own).Also juice made from the orchards’ special varieties of apples is strongly recommended.
Opening time: 10:00 a.m.—4:00 p.m.daily until the end of October(booking not necessary but checking what’s fruiting before visiting at )
Blooming Green, Linton, Kent
Blooming Green is a “no-dig” flower business, selling flowers directly to customers and opening for PYO activities from summer to the end of October.In November and December, there are wreath-making(花环制作) workshops, where participants pick their favourite flowers.
Opening time: 10:00 a.m.—4:00 p.m.on Saturdays only(with pre-booking of one-hour slots, bloominggreenflowers.co.uk)
Towerbrook Farm, Banwell, Somerset
Like many other farms, Towerbrook Farm offers pick-your-own and cut-your-own service.But it’s the first place that offers dig-your-own Christmas trees, meaning you can take your tree back after the holiday and replant it there, which allows you to avoid sending your tree to the recycling centre.
Opening time: 8:00 a.m.—4:00 p.m.daily between 20 November and 30 December(pre-booking not necessary)
Shute Fruit, Bishopsteignton, South Devon
As well as selling preserves made from kinds of berries, Shute Fruit also manages an extensive pick-your-own operation.There you can pick your own sloe berries.If you are a fan of sloe gin, a kind of alcoholic drink, whose alcohol content is between 15 and 30 percent, ask the farm for recipes to make your own sloe gin at home.
Opening time: 11:00 a.m.—5:00 p.m.daily except rainy days and Mondays, until the end of October(booking not necessary, shutefruit.co.uk)
1．If you go to Drove Orchards，what can be recommended to you
A．Delivering fruit.
B．Tasting freshly squeezed apple juice.
C．Planting Christmas trees.
D．Picking your own apples at 8:00 a.m.
2．If you want to dig your own Christmas tree and take it back, where will you most probably visit
A．Thorham. B．Linton.
C．Banwell. D．Bishopsteignton.
3．What do the four places have in common
A．Their relevant information can be got from the same website.
B．They have the same opening time.
C．They all offer pick-your-own service.
D．They needn’t be booked in advance.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个位于英国的让全家人享受亲密时光的地方。
1．B　细节理解题。根据Drove Orchards(果园), Thornham, Norfolk部分中的“Also juice made from the orchards’ special varieties of apples is strongly recommended.”可知，如果你去Drove 果园你会被推荐品尝特殊的苹果汁。故选B项。
2．C　细节理解题。根据Towerbrook Farm, Banwell, Somerset部分中的“But it’s the first place that offers dig-your-own Christmas trees, meaning you can take your tree back after the holiday and replant it there”可知，如果你想自己挖一棵圣诞树然后拿回去，你可以去Banwell。故选C项。
3．C　细节理解题。根据Drove Orchards(果园), Thornham, Norfolk部分中的“…are ready-picked as well as PYO(short for pick-your-own).”，Blooming Green, Linton, Kent部分中的“opening for PYO activities from summer to the end of October.”，Towerbrook Farm, Banwell, Somerset部分中的“Towerbrook Farm offers pick-your-own and cut-your-own service.”和Shute Fruit, Bishopsteignton, South Devon部分中的“Shute Fruit also manages an extensive pick-your-own operation.”可知，四个地方的共同点是都提供自我采摘服务。故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五
When gardeners grow varieties of plants in their beautiful gardens，they are happy to see beneficial insects like bees and butterflies surrounding the flowers.But as they take a closer look，they may find some plants are covered in black dots and filled with harmful insects or pests.Some gardeners may immediately reach for chemicals.__1__ Although it may stop the insect problem，it will also threaten bees and butterflies which help the plants reproduce.
If you are wise gardeners，you should first take preventive measures to control the harmful insects.__2__ Only when there are too many harmful insects，should pest control be considered.The first defense should always be the safest method available.
Prevention
As a rule，prevention is the best treatment.Inspect plants closely，including their leaves，before buying them from the store.__3__
When planting，space plants out to permit them to grow to their full size.Plants too close together can breed harmful organisms，like bacteria.
__4__ They invite pests if permitted to remain on the ground.When you do see pests，wash them away.Use rubbing alcohol to remove some insects，or pick them off the plants.
Pesticides
If you decide a pesticide is necessary，choose it carefully and follow the directions and warnings on the product.Avoid using pesticides in extreme heat，on windy days，or when the plants are wet.__5__ At the time，beneficial insects are inactive.You can consider removing flowers from the plants to lessen the risk that beneficial insects will come in contact with the pesticides.
A．But this is not wise.
B．In most cases，chemicals don’t help.
C．Treat the plants early in the morning or at night.
D．Also, do remember the plants need nutrition and care.
E．Keep your garden free of fallen leaves，fruits and other wastes.
F．Do not bring any plants home that show signs of disease or pests.
G．The process starts with the idea that having some pests is acceptable.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何预防害虫和使用农药。
1．A　根据上文“Some gardeners may immediately reach for chemicals.”以及下文“Although it may stop the insect problem，it will also threaten bees and butterflies which help the plants reproduce.”可知，空格处与上文构成转折关系。A项“但这是不明智的。”符合语境。故选A项。
2．G　根据下文“Only when there are too many harmful insects，should pest control be considered.”可知，要接受有害虫。G项“这个过程始于有一些害虫是可以接受的想法。”符合语境。故选G项。
3．F　根据上文“As a rule，prevention is the best treatment.Inspect plants closely，including their leaves，before buying them from the store.”可知，有病虫害的植物不能带回家。F项“不要带任何有病虫害迹象的植物回家。”承接上文，符合语境。故选F项。
4．E　根据下文“They invite pests if permitted…or pick them off the plants.”可知，空格处应与花园的地面有关。E项“让你的花园远离落叶、水果和其他废物。”符合语境。故选E项。
5．C　根据上文“Avoid using pesticides in extreme heat，on windy days，or when the plants are wet.”可知，空格处应该是在说明使用农药的时间。C项“在清晨或晚上治疗植物。”符合语境。故选C项。(共47张PPT)
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
Period Four　Assessing Your Progress—Video Time
课前自主预习
be comprised of; be ready for; for sale; have…impact on; come from
Ⅰ.短语填空
1．In 1991, the house was advertised ________ at $49,000．
2．The cloud computing model ____________ a front end and a back end.
【答案】1．for sale　2．is comprised of　
3．Many of the clothes ________________ the world’s top fashion companies.
4．Attention, please! The plane ____________ take-off.
5．We are planning to donate money to a charity and want it to ________ a major ________ people.
【答案】3．come from　4．is ready for　
5．have; impact on
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing _______ harmful bacteria and insects, ___________ helpful ones.
例如，农药不仅会杀死有害细菌和昆虫，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。
【答案】1．not only; but also
2．As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow ________________________________________．
至于化学肥料，用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。
【答案】2．too fast to be rich in nutrition
3．Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, _____________________ ___________________．
种植不同作物的原因，是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。
【答案】3．making it ready for the next batch of crops
4．The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food ____________________________________．
采用不同的有机耕作方法，目的在于生产优质食物，同时避免损害环境和人类健康。
【答案】4．while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health
5．____________________ Earth University is an agricultural school where students learn about farming.
那是因为地球大学是一所农业学校，学生在这里学习耕作知识。
【答案】5．That is because
课堂新知讲练
aspect n．方面；层面
(P58)What other important aspects of agriculture do you want to know about
【翻译】你还想了解农业哪些其他的重要方面？
◇词汇拓讲
from the…aspect 从……的角度来看
in all aspects of sth.某事的方方面面
(in) every aspect (of sth.) (某事的)各个方面
【用法详解】
These questions also cover much broader aspects of general health and fitness.
这些问题还包括范围更广的整体健康。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Considering ________ the social aspect, this issue has great meanings.
(2)He was interested in all ________(aspect) of the work here.
(3)This course of study talks about every aspect _______ the subject.
【答案】(1)from　(2)aspects　(3)of
完成句子
(4)The training programme ___________________ the job.
训练计划涵盖了这种工作的各个方面。
【答案】(4)covers every aspect of
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In this __________(事例), the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness.
2．You should consider a problem from as many __________ (方面) as possible.
3．The smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen feet in _____ (深度).
【答案】1．instance　2．aspects　3．depth
4．A healthy diet consists of eating a variety of foods rich in vitamins, fibre and ________(矿物质), and low in fat and calories.
5．People say money is the __________(根源) of all evils, but I believe money itself is not bad.
6．Good __________(营养) is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.
【答案】4．mineral　5．root　6．nutrition　
7．Oxygen will react with nearly all ________ (有机的) materials and metals.
8．A trip to the __________(食品杂货店) store is a good time to explain price comparison, value and inflation.
【答案】7．organic　8．grocery
Ⅱ.短语填空
set up; separate…from; in turn; over time; focus on
1．People try to avoid transportation delays by using their own cars, and this __________creates further problems.
2．____________，however, we have the opportunity to learn to accept ourselves.
【答案】1．in turn　2．Over time　
3．Most of us are more ____________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
4．Years ago, the organisation ____________ to preserve endangered species from extinction.
5．In no way can teaching in the school __________________ practice.
【答案】3．focused on　4．was set up　
5．be separated from
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Recently customers have ________________________ organic food when shopping at the local grocery.
最近，顾客在当地杂货店购物时，已经转向购买有机食品。
2．Organic farming is ____________________ the need.
有机农业完全不能满足那样的需求。
【答案】1．turned to　2．nowhere near able to meet　
3．What the teacher says _________________ the students.
老师说的话对学生有很大的影响。
4．Tom failed the exam last week _____________________.
由于粗心，汤姆上周考试不及格。
【答案】3．has a great impact on
4．because of his carelessness/because he was careless
5．What _______________________________ to the concert last night
昨天晚上是什么阻止了你去听音乐会？
【答案】5．kept/stopped/prevented you from going
提升练
Ⅰ.七选五
Gardening can be a rewarding hobby not only because you can watch your plants grow but because you can take pride in your success.People use more ways to save money these days.__1__ If you have decided to own a garden, then a few beginner gardening tips will help you to get started.
Plant Plants That Grow Easily
__2__ If you are getting ready to start your first garden, then it may be a better idea to choose plants that are strong and easy to grow.
Use Good Soil
As a beginner, if you do not know much about the type of soil that you need, it might be a better idea to buy your soil from a gardening store.You have to consider the type of soil that you have in your yard and what plants you are growing in it as well.__3__
Do Not Over-water
Finally, one of the biggest mistakes that beginners make is over-watering their gardens. __4__ So you need to learn how much water each plant needs in your garden.It is also beneficial to water your plants early in the morning to get the best results.
__5__ You can also save money, be healthier, and help protect the environment at the same time.
A．One mistake that many beginners make is trying to grow plants that are hard to grow.
B．With these helpful beginner tips you can grow your own fruit and vegetables.
C．And growing your own fruit and vegetables is one of them.
D．Different plants need different amounts of water.
E．Gardening is many people’s favourite hobby.
F．For this reason, buying soil from a store may just be easier.
G．There are many mistakes that you may make when beginning gardening.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。本文就园艺工作提出了三条建议。
1．C　根据上文中的“People use more ways to save money these days.”可知，如今人们用更多的方式省钱。C项“而且种植自己的水果和蔬菜就是其中一种。”符合语境。故选C项。
2．A　根据小标题Plant Plants That Grow Easily和下文中的“choose plants that are strong and easy to grow”可知，空格处会提及种植的植物的问题。A项“很多初学者会犯的一个错误就是试图去种植难以生长的植物。”符合语境。故选A项。
3．F　根据上文中的“You have to consider the type of soil that…as well.”可知，购买土壤时要考虑后院的土壤和种植的植物。F项“因此，从店里购买土壤也许会更容易。”符合语境。故选F项。
4．D　根据下文中的“So you need to learn how much water each plant needs in your garden.”可知，需要考虑每株植物需要多少水。D项“不同的植物需要不同量的水。”引出下文，符合语境。故选D项。
5．B　根据上文内容及下文中的“You can also save money, be healthier, and help protect the environment at the same time.”可推知，空格处应为总结性的句子。B项“有了这些有用的初学者提示，你就能种植自己的水果和蔬菜。”符合语境。故选B项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
In recent years, shared vegetable plots(地块) have been appearing in Shanghai’s suburban districts as more white-collar workers turn to farming 1._______ (relax) and escape the pressures of city life.
Among these individuals 2．__________(be) Yang Rui, who, on weekends, drives his family from their home in downtown to the All-Happy City, a shared 3．__________ (ecology) farm in Minhang, where he has rented a 20-square-meter vegetable plot for 1,600 yuan per year.The family tends carrots, lettuce and other vegetables they have planted.When they aren’t around during the week, 4．__________(professional) take over the work and perform whatever chores are needed.
This farm has about 200 members, some of 5．__________ even raise chickens and ducks that wander in the fields.
Founded by Chen Yougui in October, the shared farm has 6．__________ area of 13.33 hectares and comes with shared vegetable plots and leisure areas.According to Chen, the monitoring system 7．__________(cover) the entire farmland allows members to view their vegetables and fields remotely through their phones.
The farm also uses technology to ensure that the chickens and ducks raised 8．__________ customers don’t go missing or end up in someone else’s plot — each animal comes with 9．__________ (it) own QR code.
Chen notes that many of his customers are parents who rent plots 10．__________(primary) to teach their kids about science and nature and how farming works.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章从客户和创建者两个角度切入，报道了上海郊区的一家共享生态农场的运作情况。
1．to relax　考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，空格处所在句子已有谓语“turn to”，故用非谓语动词形式。再结合语境可知，此处指白领工作者务农是为了放松和逃离城市生活的压力，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to relax。
2．is　考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空格处作句子的谓语，此处在描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。介词短语“Among these individuals”置于句首，引起全部倒装，主语为Yang Rui，be动词应用is。故填is。
3．ecological　考查形容词。根据空格后的名词farm可知，此处应用形容词作定语，表示“一个共享的生态农场”。故填ecological。
4．professionals　考查名词的数。根据空格后的谓语“take over”可知，空格处应用可数名词professional(专业人士)的复数形式。故填professionals。
5．whom　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处和“some of”搭配，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词“about 200 members”进行补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。
6．an　考查冠词。根据空格后的名词短语“area of 13.33 hectares”可知，此处应用不定冠词，表示“共享农场的面积为13.33公顷”。area以元音音素开头。故填an。
7．covering　考查动词的-ing形式。分析句子可知，空格处作名词短语“the monitoring system”的后置定语，故用非谓语动词形式，动词cover和名词短语“the monitoring system”是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词的-ing形式。故填covering。
8．by　考查介词。分析句子并结合语境可知，此处指由客户饲养的鸡和鸭，应用介词by。故填by。
9．its　考查代词。根据空格后的“own QR code”可知，此处指每个动物都有它自己的二维码，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
10．primarily　考查副词。分析句子可知，空格处修饰后面的不定式短语“to teach”；应用primary的副词形式primarily，意为“主要地”。故填primarily。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假如你是李华，获悉一些社会人士向政府提议允许种植转基因农作物，以解决粮食短缺问题。对此，有人赞同，有人反对。对于转基因食品你的观点是什么呢？请根据下列表格内容，用英语写一篇短文向某中学生英文报投稿。内容包括：
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
赞同者观点 世界人口持续增长，自然资源消耗迅速，有必要增加粮食产量
反对者观点 技术不成熟，对健康是否安全尚未可知
你的观点 ……
Dear Editor,
It has become a heated topic as to whether the government should give permission for the production of GM(genetically modified) foods.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Dear Editor,
It has become a heated topic as to whether the government should give permission for the production of GM (genetically modified) foods.
Those in favour of the idea think that with the world population increasing continuously and the natural resources consumed at a very high rate, it is necessary to improve seeds with the GM technology to improve the production of food.
However, some hold an opposite attitude towards GM foods.From their point of view, GM technology is far from mature so that it is hard to say whether GM foods are safe or not.
In my opinion, I support the production of GM foods.Without GM foods, it seems impossible to feed a country with such a large population.
Yours,
Li Hua(共95张PPT)
第二部分　单元测试卷
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
(满分：120分　　建议用时：120分钟)
第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2．5分，满分37．5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Experimenting with Eggs
What can you do with eggs other than eat them
Naked Eggs
What does an egg look like without its shell You may be picturing the white and yolk in a bowl after cracking it, but that isn’t the only way to remove the shell.
Materials: 1 egg, white vinegar, a bowl, a spoon
Directions: Fill a bowl with one cup of vinegar.Add the egg to the bowl, and wait at least 24 hours.When you check it after a day, you’ll notice some bubbles on the egg and a residue(残留物) in the water.Use the spoon to gently remove the egg from the bowl.Remove the old vinegar, and add a cup of fresh vinegar.Return the egg to the bowl, and wait another 24 hours.When you remove the egg this time, the shell should completely disappear.
Walking on Eggshells
Can eggs hold the weight of your entire body
Materials: six cartons(硬纸盒) of eggs, a garbage bag
Directions: Place the garbage bag on the floor to make any necessary clean up easier.Place the cartons of eggs into two rows of three.Make sure all the eggs are pointing in the same direction — either all pointy end up or all rounded end up.Step onto the first carton of eggs carefully.If you’re careful, you will succeed.Eggs are actually incredibly strong.The arch shape at the top and the bottom of the egg allows pressure to be distributed evenly over the egg.
1．In the first experiment, what cause(s) the eggshell to disappear
A．Water. B．Vinegar.
C．Bubbles. D．Residue.
2．What was the main factor in the success of the second experiment
A．The arrangement of the eggs.
B．The number of the eggs.
C．The distribution of the cartons.
D．The shape of the cartons.
3．What was the author’s purpose in writing this text
A．To persuade readers to use eggs in new ways.
B．To tell readers about the structure of the egg.
C．To instruct readers how to experiment with eggs.
D．To inspire readers to conduct experiments carefully.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两个与鸡蛋有关的实验的操作过程。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第一个实验部分中的“Directions: Fill a bowl with one cup of vinegar…When you remove the egg this time, the shell should completely disappear.”可知，在这个实验中让鸡蛋壳消失的是醋。故选B项。
2．A　细节理解题。根据第二个实验部分中的内容可知，第二个实验成功的关键是鸡蛋的排列方法，如果排列得当，压力可以均匀地分布在鸡蛋上，这样就不容易碎。故选A项。
3．C　推理判断题。通读全文，并结合“Materials: 1 egg, white vinegar, a bowl, a spoon”和“Materials: six cartons(硬纸盒) of eggs, a garbage bag”对实验材料的介绍，以及Direction部分对实验过程和结果的介绍推知，作者写本文的目的是教读者如何完成两个和鸡蛋有关的实验。故选C项。
B
As a kid, I was always around animals and I always enjoyed it. After my senior year of high school, we started renting this farm. Then I went away to Rhode Island School of Design to become an architect. After about two years and a half, I found that was not quite what I wanted to do. I felt I wanted to be an architect and have a hobby farm. But why not just have a farm and make it my career
It’s an exciting business. I think a lot of people don’t realise what’s involved with dairy farming(奶牛业). We took some trips to some progressive farms out in New York when we first started. And it really changed my attitude of what you can do. You can be a successful businessperson with a lot of challenges. And those challenges are part of what makes it very exciting — it’s not just milking cows. There’s nutrition and finances and a lot of big day-to-day decisions.
Well, land is the biggest obstacle. Securing enough land is important. We don’t just need the land for the animals; we also need it to distribute the manure from the cows. And there’s a real balance, a real recycling. You take the feed; you give it to the cows, and the cows give you milk, but they also give you a lot of manure. And the best thing to do is putting it back on the land. You need 2 acres per cow basically, a cow and its calf.
The land that we rent is beautiful and the land that we own is beautiful. If you get half a mile off the road and looking back at scenery across the valley, it’s impressive. You get the rows of grass and the cows in the distance.
4．Which of the following is included in the dairy farming according to the text
A．Taking trips around the farm to enjoy life.
B．Milking cows, nutrition, finances and decisions.
C．Playing with the cows around the farm.
D．Designing for the dairy farming.
5．What’s the biggest challenge that the author faced
A．Huge amounts of money.
B．Quantities of workers.
C．Highly qualified milk cows.
D．Securing enough land.
6．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “manure” in Paragraph 3
A．Waste of the cows.
B．Chemical fertiliser.
C．Milk from the cows.
D．Food offered to cows.
7．Which one is the best title for this text
A．Building a Successful Dairy Business
B．Famous Farmers Around the World
C．Highly Qualified Milk Cows
D．The Architecture Designer
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者经营奶牛农场的经历。作者喜欢动物，打算把经营农场作为自己的事业。文章还讲述了他在奶牛农场经营中遇到的挑战。
4．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“…it’s not just milking cows. There’s nutrition and finances and a lot of big day-to-day decisions.”可知，奶牛场的工作不仅仅是挤牛奶，而且包括营养状况、财政和许多重大的日常决策。故选B项。
5．D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Well, land is the biggest obstacle. Securing enough land is important.”可知，土地是最大的障碍，需要确保有足够的土地。故选D项。
6．A　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“…the cows give you milk, but they also give you a lot of manure”和生活常识可知，奶牛不仅产奶，而且还会产生大量的粪便。由此可知，画线词意为“粪便”，与A项同义。故选A项。
7．A　标题推测题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的内容可知，文章主要介绍了作者经营奶牛农场的经历。因此，A项“建立成功的乳制品企业”适合作文章的标题。故选A项。
C
Chemicals are part of our daily life. All living and nonliving matter is made up of chemicals and virtually every man-made product includes the use of chemicals. Many chemicals can, when properly used, significantly contribute to the improvement of our quality of life, health and well-being.But other chemicals are highly hazardous and can negatively affect our health and environment when improperly managed.
Chemical safety is becoming an increasingly important topic around the world.It covers the handling and use of chemicals in a way that is safe for humans and the environment.It includes risk assessment and education in best and safe practices.It brings attention to potential danger and discusses safety in industrial, teaching and academic settings.
Chemical safety has many scientific and technical components.Among these are toxicology(毒物学), ecotoxicology and the process of chemical risk assessment which requires a detailed knowledge of exposure and of biological effects.
The International Programme on Chemical Safety(IPCS) works to set up the scientific basis for the sound management of chemicals, and to strengthen national abilities for chemical safety.
Chemical Safety is achieved by undertaking all activities related to chemicals.It covers all chemicals, and the full range of exposure situations from the natural presence of chemicals in the environment to their extraction(提炼), industrial production, transport, use and handling.
The Chemical Safety programme helps to address proper use, handling, and storage of these materials.These activities are extremely vital to a safe working environment.
The production and use of chemicals continue to grow worldwide, particularly in developing countries.This is likely to result in greater negative effects on health if sound chemicals management is not ensured.Multi-sectoral(多部门的) action is urgently needed to protect human health from the harmful effects of improperly managed chemicals.
8．What can best replace the underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 1
A．Important. B．Harmless.
C．Dangerous. D．Beneficial.
9．What is the target of the International Programme on Chemical Safety
A．Handling all kinds of chemicals.
B．Offering help for chemical safety.
C．Preventing chemicals from spreading.
D．Removing the harmful effects of chemicals.
10．According to the author, what should people do with chemicals
A．People should never use any chemicals.
B．People should manage chemicals properly.
C．People should stop using harmful chemicals.
D．People should produce as many chemicals as possible.
11．What is the passage mainly about
A．Chemical safety.
B．The importance of chemicals.
C．The production and use of chemicals.
D．The storage and transport of chemicals.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。化学品安全已成为世界范围内一个日益重要的话题，本文指出，如何处理和使用化学品，使之对人类和环境都安全。
8．C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“can negatively affect our health and environment when improperly managed”可猜测，前半句意为“但是其他化学制品是高度危险的”，画线词意为“危险的”，与dangerous词义相近。故选C项。
9．B　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，国际化学品安全计划是为化学品的安全提供帮助的。故选B项。
10．B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Many chemicals can, when properly used, significantly contribute to the improvement of our quality of life, health and well-being.But other chemicals are highly hazardous and can negatively affect our health and environment when improperly managed.”可推断，作者呼吁人们要适当地管理化学品。故选B项。
11．A　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段内容可知，本文主要讲述的是化学品安全问题，并提出如何处理和使用化学品，使之对人类和环境都安全。A项“化学品安全。” 符合文章大意。故选A。
D
Earth Day is on April 22．Every year，people around the world observe the day by helping to care for the environment.They carry out all kinds of activities in an effort to better the planet’s health.
One way to support this goal is to grow plants native to your area.This helps wildlife like birds and insects that evolved alongside native plants.
For many of these animals，plant pollen(花粉) is their food.Native pollinators often cannot recognise non-native plants as food.This means they do not collect the pollen or spread plants’ seeds.Planting non-native species creates so-called “food deserts” for pollinators including bees，birds，bats，butterflies and more.
Doug Taamy is a professor of entomology at the University of Delaware.Entomology is the study of insects.He found that non-native plant species can harm the natural food chain，which can lead to a collapse of the environment.“Plant choice matters，” he said.“The plants we choose to landscape our properties should be determined by how much life can live there.”
Humans depend strongly on insects.Without them，we would have no flowering plants，which would harm the food web that supports important animals.Birds，for example，depend on plants for food and spread their seeds while keeping the populations of harmful insects down.
Insects support plants that provide oxygen，clean our water，capture carbon and add nutrients to the soil.That builds topsoil and prevents flooding.Without insects，the biosphere — the living parts of the earth — would rot because of the loss of insect decomposers.Humans simply could not survive that，Taamy said.
In addition to providing food and habitat for insects and other wildlife，native plants are able to grow easily and do not require much care.That means less watering and less fertilising.The situation is a win-win for gardeners and pollinators.
12．Which section of a website is the text probably taken from
A．Around the globe.
B．Technology report.
C．The secret of nature.
D．Healthy Lifestyle.
13．Why should we avoid planting non-native species
A．Because they attract more insects.
B．Because they do harm to native plants.
C．Because they turn soil into desert.
D．Because they break the balance of nature.
14．In what aspect are native plants superior to non-native plants
A．They produce more oxygen.
B．They prevent flooding more effectively.
C．They need less care.
D．They add more nutrients to the soil.
15．What does the author advise us to do
A．Take effective measures to protect insects.
B．Raise environmental awareness on Earth Day.
C．Make great effort to better the planet’s health.
D．Plant native plants to support local environment.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么种植本地植物有助于改善地球的健康状况，保护环境。
12．C　题材来源题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了为什么种植本地植物有助于改善地球的健康状况，保护环境。这属于环境保护类文章，可能出自网站的“大自然的秘密”版块。故选C项。
13．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Planting non-native species…bats，butterflies and more.”以及第三段中的“He found that non-native…a collapse of the environment.”可知，非本土植物物种会损害自然食物链，打破自然的平衡，所以要避免种植非本土植物物种。故选D项。
14．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In addition to providing…easily and do not require much care.”可知，比起非本地植物，本地植物需要更少的照顾。故选C项。
15．D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They carry out all kinds of activities in an effort to better the planet’s health.”以及第二段中的“One way to support this goal is to grow plants native to your area.”和最后一段的内容可推知，作者建议我们种植本地植物以支持当地环境。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2．5分，满分12．5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
My grandparents were always busy with food. My grandmother could pull out the feathers of a chicken in less than half an hour. They picked vegetables from their garden. Animal fat was saved. __16__ Nearly a decade after my grandmother died, I found myself in a kitchen, pulling out the feathers of a chicken.
It took hours and made my fingers hurt. After an adult life spent buying rather than growing food, as a so-called new farmer, I finally began to understand my grandparents. __17__
My grandparents’ generation spent a third of their income on food. __18__ Food is no longer seen as public goods, but as public given resources. The ecological cost of this progress is now clear. The health costs are starting to be noticed.
But until I began talking to the farmers around me, I had not understood the human costs faced by those asked to produce milk sold for less than bottled water. __19__ Called “regenerative farming”，it was being driven by a new generation of farmers trying to find a new kind of power in the face of loss of climate change and rising fuel and transport costs.
__20__ Those plants and animals worked together to help the soil become rich again. They kept living roots in the ground all year round, building up the soil’s biology and taking in carbon.
Research has found that regenerative farming not only benefits the land, but profits can be 78% higher than conventional farms.
A．We spend less than a tenth.
B．And any leftover meat was cut up for pies.
C．Regenerative farming is welcomed by thousands of farmers now.
D．I began to understand the work that we took for granted.
E．I realised that keeping a big family was really a big burden for them.
F．New technology helped these farmers raise a diversity of crops and farm animals.
G．Then I came across a farming reform that sought to change this traditional system.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲身经历和与农民交谈，逐渐理解了祖父母那一代人对食物的看法和价值观，以及可持续农业的重要性。同时，文章还介绍了再生农业的概念和实践。
16．B　上文“My grandparents were always busy with food…Animal fat was saved.”列举了祖父母忙于食物的各种习惯。故空格处应与祖父母忙于食物的习惯有关。B项与上文构成并列关系，且B项中的meat与上文“Animal fat”对应。故选B项。
17．D　上文“…I finally began to understand my grand-parents.”说明作者开始理解祖父母。故空格处应与作者理解祖父母有关。D项符合语境，承接上文，且D项中的“I began to understand…”是上文句式的复现。故选D项。
18．A　上文“My grandparents’ generation spent a third of their income on food.”说明祖父母花在食物上的费用。故空格处应与花在食物上的费用有关。A项说明我们自己在食物上的支出，与上文形成对比关系，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
19．G　根据上文“But until I began talking to the farmers…less than bottled water.”以及下文的“Called ’regenerative farming’…rising fuel and transport costs.”可知，空格处应与农业改革有关。G项符合语境，承上启下，引出下文“regenerative farming”，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
20．F　下文“Those plants and animals worked together … taking in carbon.”说明了植物和动物共同改善土壤。空格处应与植物和动物的共同作用有关。F项符合语境，且F项中的“a diversity of crops and farm animals”与下文中的“Those plants and animals”呼应。故选F项。
第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years __21__ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”，is a __22__ at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and __23__ experiments. “The first __24__ is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination，” Zhang explained. “After several generations of __25__ and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we __26__ a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) __27__ for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new __28__ should produce high yields, have stable production, and __29__ good resistance to bad conditions，” she added. “ __30__，it also should be accepted by the market.” Zhang added that the team __31__ 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with __32__ experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is __33__ and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not __34__. All we can do then is to think more, discuss more and find __35__ on the land，” she said.
21．A．advertising B．developing
C．discussing D．observing
22．A．journalist B．teacher
C．researcher D．manager
23．A．precise B．efficient
C．simple D．expensive
24．A．way B．attempt
C．step D．question
25．A．encouragement B．support
C．management D．experiment
26．A．begin B．continue
C．follow D．repeat
27．A．practice B．application
C．declaration D．invitation
28．A．environment B．machine
C．farmland D．variety
29．A．produce B．improve
C．show D．develop
30．A．Besides B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
31．A．watered B．bought
C．protected D．planted
32．A．reporting B．designing
C．conducting D．studying
33．A．normal B．tough
C．varied D．specific
34．A．end up B．run out
C．break up D．pay off
35．A．answers B．comfort
C．dreams D．courage
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏、培育新小麦品种的事迹。
21．B　考查动词辨析。句意：张道荣在过去的26年里开发了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献。根据语境及空格后的“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，此处指研发小麦。故选B项。
22．C　考查名词辨析。句意：50岁的她是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究员，被称为“小麦之母”。根据上文“who has spent the last 26 years __21__ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”可推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选C项。
23．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。根据语境及空格前的“strict standards”可知，此处指精确的实验。故选A项。
24．C　考查名词辨析。句意；第一步是为特定的培养目的找到合适的亲本类型。根据空格后的“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”以及常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的亲本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选C项。
25．D　考查名词辨析。句意：经过几代的试验和选择，当特征保持稳定时，我们开始为期两年的产量测试和病害鉴定过程。根据空格后的selection以及常识可知，培育新品种需要经过(植物)几代的实验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选D项。
26．A　考查动词辨析。句意：同上题。根据语境以及空格后的“a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification”可知，此处指开始为期两年的产量测试和病害鉴定过程。故选A项。
27．B　考查名词辨析。句意：而且，经过多轮试验后，申请评估批准，方可投入市场生产。根据语境及空格后的“for evaluation and approval can be made for market production”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B项。
28．D　考查名词辨析。句意：“一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，对恶劣条件有良好的抵抗力，”她补充说。根据语境及上文“Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years __21__ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”可知，此处指一个新的种类。故选D项。
29．C　考查动词辨析。句意：同上题。根据语境及空格后的“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选C项。
30．A　考查副词辨析。句意：此外，它也应该被市场所接受。根据语境及空格后的“it also should be accepted by the market”可知，此处是对上文的补充说明。故选A项。
31．D　考查动词辨析。句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植7万到8万株幼苗。结合该团队培育新品种以及空格后的“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year”可知，此处指每年种植7万到8万株幼苗。故选D项。
32．C　考查动词辨析。句意：他们一年到头都在忙着对新苗的生长进行实验，做记录和分析。根据语境及空格后的“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知，此处指进行实验。故选C项。
33．B　考查形容词辨析。句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。根据空格后的complicated并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的实验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选B项。
34．D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时候你的努力没有回报。根据语境以及空格前的“your efforts do not”可知，此处指付出没有回报。故选D项。
35．A　考查名词辨析。句意：我们所能做的就是多思考，多讨论，在土地上找到答案。根据语境以及空格前的“think more, discuss more and find”可知，此处指在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nature has always fascinated me. 36.________(brighten) up the urban environment, there is nothing better than some attractive plants and flowers.
Growing up, I was always fortunate to be around well-tended gardens. My grandfather could actually have been considered to be quite “green-fingered”，as there were always impressive flowers in his garden. I 37.________(be) a passive admirer of the work done by him and gardeners generally until quite recently, 38.________ I decided to turn my hand to cultivating some plants.
39.________ my grandfather, I only have a small balcony on which to conduct my activities, but that has not discouraged me in the slightest. It’s possible to make a nice “garden” even in the most 40.________(limit) space, but one must also limit one’s ambitions to a certain extent. I decided to take the seeds of one humble little tomato and plant them in a number of pots. After several weeks, I 41.________(amaze) by the results. I now have about 15 tomato plants on my balcony in different stages of 42.________(grow).
This greenery on my balcony is 43.________ rewarding sight to see. I keep my fingers crossed that one day this little bit of nature will give me something very practical: some nice 44._______(taste) tomatoes. It’s also very rewarding to be engaging in a practice which is as old as time itself, as plant life is 45.________(essential) the most basic and oldest technology on our planet.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在阳台自己种植西红柿的经历。
36．To brighten　考查动词不定式。句意：要点亮城市环境，没有什么比一些迷人的植物和花卉更好的了。分析句子可知，空格处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填To brighten。
37．had been　考查动词时态。句意：我一直对他和其他园丁所做的工作持被动的赞赏态度，直到最近，我决定转而种植一些植物。根据空格前的“until quite recently”以及语境可知，此处应用过去完成时。故填had been。
38．when　考查定语从句。句意：同上题。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是recently，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。
39．Unlike　考查介词。句意：与祖父不同的是，我只有一个小阳台，可以在上面进行我的活动，但这并没有让我气馁。分析句子可知，“my grandfather” 是空格处的宾语；再根据语境可知，此处指作者与祖父不同，应用介词unlike，空格处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Unlike。
40．limited　考查形容词。句意：即使在有限的空间里，也有可能打造出一个漂亮的“花园”，但也必须在一定程度上限制自己的野心。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词space。故填limited。
41．was amazed　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：几个星期后，我对结果感到惊讶。根据空格后的“by the results”可知，主语I和动词amaze之间是被动关系，且此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，be动词用was。故填was amazed。
42．growth　考查名词。句意：我现在在阳台上种了大约15株不同生长阶段的番茄。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作介词of的宾语。故填growth。
43．a　考查冠词。句意：在我的阳台上的这些绿色植物真是值得一看。sight意为“景象”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且rewarding以辅音音素开头。故填a。
44．tasty　考查形容词。句意：我一直在祈祷，有一天，这一点点大自然会给我一些非常实用的东西：一些美味的西红柿。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词tomatoes。故填tasty。
45．essentially　考查副词。句意：从事一项与时间本身一样古老的实践也是非常有益的，因为植物生命本质上是我们星球上最基本、最古老的技术。空格处作状语修饰“is the most basic and oldest technology”，应用副词。故填essentially。
第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，本周六打算去参观你叔叔经营的一家有机农场。请你用英语给留学生好友Eric写一封电子邮件，邀请他与你同去参观。内容包括：
1．发出邀请；
2．主要活动：参观农场；参加娱乐活动；品尝有机食品；
3．盼望回复。
参考词汇：有机农场：organic farm
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Eric，
How are you doing I have a great plan for this weekend! ____ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards，
Li Hua
【答案】
One possible version：
Dear Eric，
How are you doing I have a great plan for this weekend!
My uncle runs an organic farm and I’m planning to visit it this Saturday. I thought it would be a great opportunity for us to spend some time together in the countryside, away from the hustle and bustle of the city.
During the visit, we will have a guided tour of the farm to learn about organic farming practices. We’ll also get to join in some fun entertainment activities, such as picking fruits and vegetables, feeding animals, etc. And of course, we’ll have the chance to taste some delicious organic food.
If you’re interested, please let me know and we can make the necessary arrangements.
Best regards，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语进行续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alessandro Vitale was born in Verona, Italy. As his parents were busy working, they were unable to care for his sister and him at the same time. Therefore, Alessandro grew up with his grandparents.
Alessandro’s grandmother was good at cooking. His grandfather used to take him out for fishing or to his garden in the town. Alessandro’s grandparents greatly influenced him, and he learned many things from them. At a young age, he was introduced to gardening, especially growing fruits and vegetables by his grandfather, and he learned great recipes from his grandmother.
Even though Alessandro got into gardening at a young age, he had to focus on school later. In 2015, he moved to London to work there and left gardening aside. Alessandro did several different jobs after getting there, but he liked none of them really.
One day after working in London for a few months, Alessandro and his roommate went to a supermarket and bought some vegetables. After returning home, they started cooking together. When cutting a red chilli(辣椒), Alessandro saw its seeds. An idea occurred to him that he could grow food himself. He had little connection with nature then and thought the food grown by himself was much healthier. Moreover, he wanted to take up gardening in memory of his grandfather. But he had never expected his future gardening journey would greatly influence his life and career.
Alessandro planted these seeds in pots on his small balcony. In just a few weeks, Alessandro scaled up his garden and grew more plants. His whole space was filled with plants. He fell in love with gardening and did anything he could to make his garden thrive(旺盛), such as reading various farming books to learn new technologies and skills. Besides gardening, he was also into zero-waste cooking. Thanks to his grandmother’s recipes, he could cook his garden produce in creative ways.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150词左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
Gradually, Alessandro turned his garden into a much bigger one._________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　　
Inspired by the popularity of his videos online, Alessandro began to write books on gardening.__________________________ ______________________________________________________
【答案】
One possible version：
Gradually, Alessandro turned his garden into a much bigger one. There were lots of different plants and great biodiversity. Alessandro really enjoyed the process of starting with a seed to harvesting his own food. Meanwhile, he would share videos of his garden, farming processes and dishes made from the produce harvested from his garden on his social media platforms.
To his surprise, these videos interested many people hoping to get close to nature and have healthy and safe food. Soon, he got tens of thousands of followers on his social media platforms.
Inspired by the popularity of his videos online, Alessandro began to write books on gardening. Through his videos and books, he tried to spread awareness of growing food, being self-reliant, and getting close to nature.
Till now, he has concentrated on work related to gardening, making a living from a variety of sources like online advertisements and sales. Apart from that, he also uses his online platforms to help others, such as collecting donations and posting others’ requests for help. He really loves his current life. Clearly, Alessandro has successfully turned his hobby into a career.(共119张PPT)
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
熟练运用本单元的词汇和短语，掌握主语从句的基本结构；
阅读农业科技类介绍性文本，了解其文体特征及语言特点，有效获取信息；
掌握劝说性建议文体结构，掌握分享观点的常用语言结构；
运用阅读策略找到阅读文本的相关信息。
【素养提升】
了解袁隆平的人生经历；学习他为了理想奋斗一生的求真精神；理解劳动的艰辛，爱惜粮食，养成节约的习惯；了解袁隆平杂交水稻对解决人类温饱问题所起的作用；
通过自我评价和自我提问的方式反思自己的学习目标和人生规划，为自己制定合理的人生规划；
学习袁隆平面对困难时积极思索解决途径的不懈精神。
Period One　Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
A．(通常经过努力)获得；得到
B．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得
C．解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理
D．特征；特点；品质；典型的；独特的
E．估计；估算；估价
F．不足；缺少；短缺
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．The country’s present difficulties arise out of the shortage of petroleum(石油).(　　)
2．The first reason to tackle these problems is to save children’s lives.(　　)
3．One characteristic I have observed over the years in all great software developers is their passion for their work.(　　)
【答案】1－3　FCD
4．In our school, about half of our students attained five “A” grades in their exams.(　　)
5．I don’t think there’s enough information to make an assumption.(　　)
6．He estimated the speed of the winds from the degree of damage.(　　)
【答案】4－6　ABE
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．devote vt.把……献(给); 专心于→________ n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱
2．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→ ________ adj.令人信服的
【答案】1．devotion　2．convincible　
3．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到→ ________ v.(同义词)获取；得到
4．convention n．习俗；惯例→ ____________ adj.传统的；习惯的
【答案】3．gain　4．conventional
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．________________________ that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2030．
据估计，到2030年，将有13亿人使用英语作为第一语言或第二语言。
【答案】1．It is estimated
2．It never occurred to me that you could ________________ him to change his mind.
我从来就没有想到，你居然能成功地说服他改变主意。
3．____________________________ most is the optimistic attitude of the disabled.
使我印象最深刻的是残疾人群乐观的生活态度。
【答案】2．succeed in convincing
3．What impressed me　
4．__________________he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.
如果他能再一次得到机会的话，他肯定会成功的。
5．________________________ college, he went to the USA for further study.
大学毕业后，他去了美国深造。
【答案】4．Given that
5．After graduating from
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.阅读课文，匹配段落大意
(　　)Para.1 (　　)Para.2 (　　)Para.3 (　　)Para.4 (　　)Para.5 (　　)Para.6 A．Yuan conducted research and developed hybrid rice.
B．Yuan worked hard to fulfil his dreams.
C．Yuan considered himself a farmer.
D．Yuan decided to study agriculture.
E．Yuan’s innovation has helped to feed more people.
F．Yuan cared little for fame or wealth.
【答案】1－6　CDAEFB
Ⅱ.阅读课文，选择正确选项
(　　)1．Why did Yuan Longping consider himself a farmer
A．Because he was born in a farmer family.
B．Because he was known as the “father of hybrid rice”.
C．Because he was educated at an agricultural college.
D．Because he continually worked the land in his research.
【答案】D
(　　)2．Why did Yuan decide to study agriculture
A．Because his parents wanted him to pursue a career in agriculture.
B．Because he wanted to deal with the crisis of shortage of food.
C．Because he wanted to be the “father of hybrid rice”.
D．Because he was interested in agriculture.
【答案】B
(　　)3．What’s the main advantage of hybrid crops
A．They can get a higher yield than conventional crops.
B．Many famous scientists are interested in them.
C．They are created by Yuan Longping.
D．They are self-pollinating plants.
【答案】A
(　　)4．How has Yuan’s work helped China and other countries
A．Yuan donated his rice to farmers at home and abroad.
B．Yuan helped farmers at home and abroad study agriculture.
C．It helped farmers produce more rice to feed the world.
D．It helped farmers make a lot of money.
【答案】C
(　　)5．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Yuan cared little for celebrity or money.
B．Yuan once envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum.
C．Yuan received numerous awards from India and Vietnam.
D．Yuan’s parents had hoped him would succeed in science or medicine.
【答案】C
课堂新知讲练
1．devote vt.把……献(给); 把……专用于；专心于
(P50)Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life.
【翻译】确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)devote…to (doing) sth.把……献给(做)某事
devote oneself to＝be devoted to 献身于；专心致力于
(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事
(3)devotion n．奉献；关爱
【用法详解】
He loves the students and is devoted to education.
他热爱学生，并全身心投入教育事业。
【语境串联】
He could only devote two hours a day to the project, but his devotion to duty is worth respecting.
他一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时，但他忠于职守是值得尊敬的。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)________ (devote)to her family is the most important thing in her life.
(2)She decided to devote ________(she) to studying medicine and helping people.
(3)________ (devote) to his research，rarely does the scientist go to the cinema with his family.
【答案】(1)Devotion　(2)herself　(3)Devoted　
完成句子
(4)The person I respect most is Yuan Longping，who _______ _________________________ hybrid rice and serving the people.
我最尊敬的人是袁隆平，他终生致力于研究杂交水稻以及为人民服务。
【答案】(4)was devoted to / devoted himself to
2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺
(P50)However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
【翻译】然而，最让他担心的是，农民往往收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
(1)food/water/housing shortages 食物/用水/住房短缺
a shortage of缺乏
(2)short adj.不足的；缺乏的
be short of缺乏；不足
【用法详解】
The city is suffering a desperate shortage of water.
这个城市严重缺水。
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.
在树木缺水最严重的地区，大树的损失最大。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)In the developed countries, there is a great ________(short) of labour.
(2)He was short ________________ cash after the collapse of his business.
【答案】(1)shortage　(2)of
完成句子
(3)The going was slow on the important project ____________ _____________________ skilled workers.
这项重要工程进展缓慢，因为缺少熟练的工人。
【答案】(3)because of a shortage of
3．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服
(P50)Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
【翻译】袁隆平确信，答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
(1)convince sb.of sth.使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb.that… 使某人相信……
convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
(2)convincing adj.令人信服的
convinced adj.确信的；坚信的
be convinced of… 相信……
be convinced (that)… 相信……
【用法详解】
I soon convinced him of my innocence.
我很快便让他相信了我是清白的。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The lawyer presented ____________ (convince) evidence to prove his client’s innocence.
(2)She tried to convince her parents ______ the importance of travelling and experiencing different cultures.
(3)I ________(convince) that she will succeed in her attempt.
【答案】(1)convincing　(2)of　(3)am convinced
完成句子
(4)I ____________________________ I am qualified for this job and I will perform my duties to the best of my ability if I am lucky enough to get the position.
我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大努力履行职责。
【答案】(4)am fully convinced that
4．assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得
(P50)The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
【翻译】当时的普遍假设是这是做不到的。
(1)with an assumption of… ＝on the assumption that…
假设……
(2)assume v．假定；假设；认为
It is assumed that… 人们(普遍)认为……
(3)assuming (that)… 如果；假如
【用法详解】
A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.
许多人认为贫穷只存在于第三世界。
His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal.
他的观点建立在人人平等的假设之上。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空。
(1)He ____________(assume)that they would be late, so he left without them.
(2)Her ______________(assume)that he would forget her birthday turned out to be incorrect.
(3)It is assumed ____________ the project will be completed within the next month.
【答案】(1)assumed　(2)assumption　(3)that　
完成句子
(4)It is reasonable ___________________ he knew beforehand that this would happen.
有理由认为他事先知道会发生这样的事。
(5)We are working __________________________ everyone invited will turn up.
我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席并正就此作出安排。
【答案】(4)to assume that　(5)on the assumption that
5．overcome vt.(overcame, overcome) 克服；解决；战胜
(P50)Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974．
【翻译】通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难，在1974年培育出了第一种可用于种植的杂交水稻。
(1)overcome difficulties 战胜困难
overcome the enemy 战胜敌人
(2)be overcome with… 因……而受不了
be overcome by… 被……压倒
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)She __________________ (overcome)with joy when she received the news of her promotion.
(2)He had to work hard ________________(overcome) his fear of public speaking.
(3)The city was overcome ______ a wave of panic as the news of the approaching hurricane spread.
【答案】(1)was overcome　(2)to overcome　(3)by　
完成句子
(4)Even today, I will __________________ whenever I think of the dog.
直到今天，我一想到那只狗，还会不由自主地悲伤。
【答案】(4)be overcome with sorrow
6．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加
vt.扩展；发展(业务)
(P50)This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
【翻译】这种杂交水稻使农民大大增加了产量。
(1)expand into (使)扩大成
expand to扩展到
expand on/upon sth.详细阐明某事
(2)expansion n．膨胀；扩张
【用法详解】
It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.
这将是人类智能的一次重大扩展。
The information industries are rapidly expanding in China.
中国的信息产业正在迅速发展。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)China is spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway ________ (expand).
(2)In Wickenden’s book，she expanded ______ the history of the West.
(3)The balloon _____ (expand) as more air is pumped into it.
【答案】(1)expansion　(2)on/upon　(3)expands　
完成句子
(4)As I reached the mountaintop，the breathtaking view __________________，revealing rolling green hills and a crystal-clear lake in the valley below.
当我到达山顶时，眼前展开的景色令人惊叹，露出了绵延的翠绿山丘和下面山谷中清澈的湖泊。
【答案】(4)expanded before my eyes
7．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算
n．估计；估算
(P50－51)Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
【翻译】据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
(1)be estimated to be/have估计
It is estimated that… 据估计……
(2)at a rough estimate 粗略估计；粗略说来
(3)underestimate v．低估
【用法详解】
It is estimated that to meet the 2050 challenge, investment must double to 83 billion US dollars a year.
据估计，为了应对2050年的挑战，投资必须翻一番，达到每年830亿美元。
He is a smooth operator. Don’t underestimate him.
他是个精明圆滑的人，别低估他。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)_____ a rough estimate the job would take about a fortnight to complete.
(2)He is estimated________(have) studied cancer for 14 years.
(3)It ________(estimate) that the project will last four years.
【答案】(1)At　(2)to have　(3)is estimated　
完成句子
(4)The tree ____________________ at least 700 years old.
这棵树估计至少700年了。
【答案】(4)is estimated to be
8．comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成
(P50－51)Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
【翻译】据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
be comprised of… 由……组成
be composed of… 由……组成
consist of… 由……组成
be made up of… 由……组成；构成
【用法详解】
Girl students comprise 60% of the class.
女生占班级人数的60%。
The class is comprised mainly of Italian and French students.
这个班主要由意大利学生和法国学生组成。
【特别提醒】
consist of没有被动语态，相当于be made up of或be composed of，且不用于进行时。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The committee is comprised ________ ten individuals with wide knowledge in various fields.
(2)As we can easily see，the book ________ (comprise) of three separate volumes.
【答案】(1)of　(2)is comprised
(3)The salad is a healthy meal option ______ (consist) of fresh vegetables and protein.
完成句子
(4)The committee ___________________ representatives from both the public and private sectors.
委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。
【答案】(3)consisting　(4)is comprised of
9．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实
(P51)His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometers of salty land in China for rice production.
【翻译】他关于“海水水稻”的最新设想也成了现实，并有可能在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地，用于水稻生产。
(1)in reality 事实上；实际上
escape from reality 逃避现实
(2)real adj. 真实的
(3)really adv. 真实地
(4)realistic adj. 现实的；实际的；现实主义的；逼真的
【用法详解】
He soon turned his dreams to reality.
不久他便梦想成真了。
Our income has got smaller, so we must be realistic and give up our car.
我们的收入减少了，所以我们得面对现实，把车卖掉。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)I ________(real) don’t see any reason for changing it.
(2)He came across as streetwise(适应都市生活的), but in _______ (real) he was not.
(3)He was ________(real) enough to know this success could not last.
【答案】(1)really　(2)reality　(3)realistic
完成句子
(4)Better smile to life than _____________________．
与其逃避现实，不如笑对人生。
【答案】(4)escape from reality
1．(P50)However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
【翻译】然而，最让他担心的是，农民往往收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
【句式剖析】
句中的“what concerned him most”为what引导的主语从句。
◇句式解读
(1)what是连接代词，引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语；what本身在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
(2)that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义。在宾语从句中的that通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略。What made her angry was not clear.
【归纳拓展】
是什么使他生气的还不清楚。
He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.
他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours.
小女孩吓得不敢说话，就站在那里，好像站了几个小时。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)It’s the best ________ you should work hard.
(2)________ I want to know is this.
【答案】(1)that　(2)What　
完成句子
(3)________________________ is time.
我们需要的是时间。
(4)Show me __________________ .
把你买的东西给我看看。
【答案】(3)What we need　(4)what you have bought
2．(P51)Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
【翻译】考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
【句式剖析】
句中的Given that…意为“考虑到……”，引导的是原因状语从句。
(1)given是give 的过去分词，引出过去分词短语作状语时，意为“如果有……”“假定……”等。此时要注意其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。
(2)given可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。
(3)given用作形容词时，意为“特定的”“一定的”“规定的”等，通常用作定语。
(4)given 后也可接 that 从句，表示“考虑到”。
【归纳拓展】
Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don’t earn that much.
我花钱通常是很明智的。考虑到自己挣得不多，必须这样做。
Given his background, it’s no surprise that he can do this.
考虑到他的背景，他能做这件事情就不令人吃惊了。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The work must be done within the ________(give) time.
完成句子
(2)______________________ oral English，I strongly suggest that you should seize every chance to speak English.
鉴于你口语不好，我强烈建议你抓住每个机会说英语。
【答案】(1)given　(2)Given that you are poor in
(3)________________________________ traditional Chinese culture，I invite you to take part in the Culture and Art Festival in our school.
鉴于你对中国传统文化如此感兴趣，我邀请你参加我们学校的文化艺术节。
【答案】(3)Given that you are so interested in
(4)__________ Chinese calligraphy has a history of over 4,000 years，it is no wonder that it is regarded as both an art form and a means of communication in Chinese culture.
鉴于中国书法已有超过4 000年的历史，不难理解为何它在中国文化中被视为一种艺术形式和交流方式。
【答案】(4)Given that
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They can surely _________(克服)these difficulties as long as they have enough money.
2．The statistics showed the largest drop in industrial _______ (产量) for ten years.
【答案】1．overcome　2．output　
3．We decided to draw on overseas fund to make up for __________ (国内的)fund shortage.
4．It is impossible for this country to recover in a short time from this financial ________(危机).
5．There is now__________ (激烈的) competition among the top tech companies.
【答案】3．domestic　4．crisis　5．intense　
6．Studies show that children can develop loss of________(视力) if they have glasses inappropriate for their eyes.
7．Although having questioned the suspect for two days, the officer didn’t ________(获得) valuable information.
8．Most people only have a limited amount of________(空闲) time.
【答案】6．vision　7．attain　8．leisure　
9．The country experienced a foreign currency ___________ (短缺) for several months.
10．We must reduce the danger of war by controlling nuclear, chemical and__________ (传统的) arms.
【答案】9．shortage　10．conventional
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．_______ is estimated that 3 billion people will use Chinese as either a first or a second language by 2050．
2．It never occurred to me that you could succeed in _______ (persuade) him to change his mind.
3．________ impressed me most is the optimistic attitude of the disabled.
【答案】1．It　2．persuading　3．What　
4．I am sensible with money, as I have to be，________(give) that I don’t earn that much.
5．After ________(graduate) from college, he went to London for further study.
【答案】4．given　5．graduating　
6．The company, New England Electric, burned coal ________(generate) power.
7．This argument seems ________(convince), but is easily overturned.
8．Steve was __________(intense) curious about the world I came from.
【答案】6．to generate　7．convincing　8．intensely
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．______________ they’re inexperienced, what they’ve done is quite good.
考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们所做的已经算是相当不错了。
【答案】1．Given that
2．You’ll need to _____________________ for the job.
你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。
3．The Executive Board ________________ representatives from 32 WHO Member States.
执行委员会由来自32个世界卫生组织成员国的代表组成。
【答案】2．convince them of your enthusiasm
3．is comprised of
提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
I have a neighbour we call “Happy”. I have never seen her angry at anything and never heard her say a harsh word to anyone or about anyone.
Happy and her husband Ben, 70, have a huge garden. They spent many happy hours together working on it. Most of the neighbours watched interestingly as Ben doubled the size of their garden. As the cost of food climbed faster than Ben’s beans, we all wished we also had such a large garden. As the rest of us spent our dollars at the market, Happy could be seen picking beans in her backyard.
Last month, Happy and Ben invited most of the neighbourhood over for an “all day food festival”. We were told to bring gloves and arrive very early in the morning. We didn’t know what was about to take place.
By 9:00 a.m., there were nine of us in the garden picking tomatoes, beans, okra, and squash. By 10:00 a.m., there was lots of laughter. We shared a lot of stories. By five o’clock, everyone was a little drunk from the wine and beer.
After dinner, we played games. As we were leaving, Happy and Ben handed each of us a shopping bag filled with the bounty(慷慨) of the day, already packaged and frozen. What a delightful gift!
Well, the point wasn’t so much about the food. The true gift was a day of friends enjoying one another’s company. None of it would have happened if it had not been for Happy and Ben’s garden. Now they have a blog about gardening in case we decided to plant a garden. And I am so proud of my tomato plants!
1．According to Paragraph 2, people wished they also had a garden so that ________.
A．they could spend happy times together with their family in it
B．they could grow vegetables and sell at the market
C．they could invite their neighbours and hold parties in it
D．they didn’t have to spend so much money on food
2．For what purpose did Happy and Ben invite the neighbours to their garden
A．To ask them to attend a birthday party.
B．To help them get to know each other.
C．To let them enjoy what they grew in the garden.
D．To ask them to share some interesting stories.
3．What did the writer most probably think of the time he spent in the garden
A．He thought it was too short but enjoyable.
B．He thought it was wonderful.
C．He thought it was not as good as he had thought.
D．He thought it was too terrible.
4．What can we infer from the text
A．Happy and her husband Ben don’t like spending time with others.
B．Happy and her husband Ben sometimes quarrel with each other.
C．Happy and her husband Ben are a generous and warm-hearted couple.
D．Happy and her husband Ben live on the food they grow in their garden.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者有一个邻居，大家都叫她Happy。Happy有一个花园，里面种植了很多瓜果蔬菜。上个月，Happy和丈夫Ben邀请他们的邻居去花园里做客，并赠给他们许多花园里种植的东西。
1．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As the cost of food climbed faster than Ben’s beans, we all wished we also had such a large garden.”可知，食物价格上涨太快，于是大家都希望能有一个像Happy家那样的大花园，这样就节约买食物的钱。故选D项。
2．C　推理判断题。通读第四段内容可推知，他们主要是让邻居来分享他们在花园里种植的东西。故选C项。
3．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Well, the point wasn’t …The true gift was a day of friends enjoying one another’s company.”可推知，作者认为在花园里度过的时光好极了。故选B项。
4．C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As we were leaving, Happy and Ben handed each of us a shopping bag filled with the bounty(慷慨) of the day, already packaged and frozen.”可推知，Happy和Ben是一对慷慨且热心的夫妇。故选C项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Francis Kere is the first African to win the Pritzker Prize, known as the Nobel Prize of architecture. However, his __1__ to the peak of his field was far from smooth. Growing up in a village where there was no kindergarten, he was __2__ into an extremely hot classroom with over 100 students. At the age of 7, Francis Kere had to leave his family home to attend school because his village didn’t have one of its own.
This __3__ of poor building facilities contributed to his vision of better educational lives of local children, using architecture. Thirteen years later, he boarded a plane for Germany on a scholarship to study architecture.
His early reputation came in helping __4__ a school in his village after graduating from college. He __5__ the whole village to provide ideas and drew the __6__ on sand for all to see.__7__，he involved them in constructing the school, using local wood and clay.
The result of their hard work was a welcoming structure with a “floating” roof that __8__ ventilation(通风) in a hot climate and wall openings that bring __9__ for students to learn even without electricity. He showed the villagers that ideas to __10__ climate or other challenges are always at hand.
In this process, local people learned __11__ skills that they could later use to find work. By cooperating with them, Kere __12__ the idea that climate solutions started with big institutions. He __13__ that everyone could contribute to addressing the major issues related to education and climate and __14__ a global impact by acting locally.
Adopted by architects in dozens of countries, his __15__ is rooted in the “unique” aspects of each community now.
1．A．angle B．welfare
C．journey D．border
2．A．perceived B．crowded
C．estimated D．reacted
3．A．trick B．infection
C．qualification D．experience
4．A．integrate B．chart
C．oppose D．design
5．A．banned B．encouraged
C．ordered D．warned
6．A．firm B．soil
C．draft D．gesture
7．A．Moreover B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．However
8．A．blocks B．delays
C．refuses D．allows
9．A．wind B．fire
C．light D．air
10．A．subscribe to B．deal with
C．participate in D．depend on
11．A．academic B．urgent
C．severe D．practical
12．A．challenged B．declared
C．attracted D．agreed
13．A．denied B．suspected
C．imagined D．demonstrated
14．A．ignore B．generate
C．miss D．lose
15．A．innovation B．fantasy
C．patience D．expense
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了非洲著名建筑师Francis Kere通过和当地人合作，设计出了实用的学校。并且，他向村民们表明，应对气候变化或其他挑战的想法总是近在咫尺，每个人都可以通过当地行动，为解决与教育和气候有关的重大问题做出贡献，并产生全球影响。
1．C　考查名词辨析。句意：然而，他在这一领域的巅峰之旅远非一帆风顺。根据空格后的“to the peak of his field”可知，此处指他在自己所在领域带到巅峰的旅程。故选C项。
2．B　考查动词辨析。句意：他在一个没有幼儿园的村庄长大，被挤进一个有100多名学生的非常热的教室。根据空格后的“into an extremely hot classroom with over 100 students”可知，教室人很多，他是被挤进去的。故选B项。
3．D　考查名词辨析。句意：这种糟糕的建筑设施的经历促成了他利用建筑为当地儿童提议更好的教育生活的愿景。根据语境可知，此处指上文他被挤进一个有100多名学生的非常热的教室的经历。故选D项。
4．D　考查动词辨析。句意：他早年的名声来自于大学毕业后在村里帮助设计的一所学校。根据上文“Thirteen years later, he boarded a plane for Germany on a scholarship to study architecture.”可知，他学习的是建筑，所以是设计学校。故选D项。
5．B　考查动词辨析。句意：他鼓励全村的人出谋划策，并把草图画在沙子上让大家看。根据空格后的“the whole village to provide ideas”可知，此处指他鼓励全村人出谋划策，设计学校。故选B项。
6．C　考查名词辨析。句意：同上题。根据空格后的“on sand for all to see”及常识可知，画在沙子上的是设计草稿。故选C项。
7．A　考查副词辨析。句意：此外，他让他们参与建造学校，使用当地的木材和黏土。根据语境可知，空格后的内容是对上文“He __5__ the whole village to…for all to see.”的补充说明，应用moreover。故选A项。
8．D　考查动词辨析。句意：他们努力工作的结果是一个受欢迎的结构，“浮动”屋顶允许在炎热的气候下通风，墙壁开口为学生提供光照，即使没有电也可以学习。根据空格后的“ventilation(通风) in a hot climate”可知，他设计的“浮动”屋顶允许在炎热的气候下通风。故选D项。
9．C　考查名词辨析。句意：同上题。根据空格前的“wall openings that bring”以及空格后的“even without electricity”可知，墙壁上开口是为了提供光线照明。故选C项。
10．B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：他向村民们表明，应对气候变化或其他挑战的想法总是近在咫尺。根据空格后的“climate or other challenges”以及上文提到他的设计很方便实用可知，此处指应对气候变化或其他挑战的想法。故选B项。
11．D　考查形容词辨析。句意：在这个过程中，当地人学到了一些实用的技能，这些技能以后可以用来找工作。根据空格后的“skills that they could later use to find work”可知，这些技能可以用来找工作，说明很实用。故选D项。
12．A　考查动词辨析。句意：通过与他们合作，Kere挑战了气候解决方案始于大型机构的想法。根据下文“everyone could contribute to addressing the major issues”可知，他表明，每个人都可以通过当地的行动，为解决与教育和气候有关的重大问题做出贡献，这挑战了气候解决方案始于大型机构的想法。故选A项。
13．D　考查动词辨析。句意：他表明，每个人都可以通过地方行动，为解决与教育和气候有关的重大问题做出贡献，并产生全球影响。根据空格后的“everyone could contribute to addressing the major issues”，并结合上文他的设计可知，他通过实践表明了每个人都可以对重大问题做出贡献。故选D项。
14．B　考查动词辨析。句意：同上题。根据空格后的“a global impact”可知，此处指地方行动可以产生全球影响。故选B项。
15．A　考查名词辨析。句意：他的创新植根于每个社区的“独特”方面，被几十个国家的建筑师采用。根据空格后的“is rooted in the ’unique’ aspects of each community now”可知，他根据社区的独特性进行了创新。故选A项。(共106张PPT)
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
Period Three　Using Language
课前自主预习
A．例子；实例；事例
B．完全必要的；极其重要的
C．消化；领会；领悟；摘要；文摘
D．可供选择的事物；可供替代的；非传统的
E．分布广的；普通的；广泛的
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．Even in small companies, computers are an essential tool.(　　)
2．He gave in only at the last moment because he had no alternative.(　　)
3．The new laws have gained widespread acceptance.(　　)
【答案】1－3　BDE
4．This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.(　　)
5．I would normally suggest taking time off work, but in this instance, I’m not sure that would do any good.(　　)
【答案】4－5　CA
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的→ ________ adv.必要地
2．instance n．例子；实例；事例→ ________ n．(同义词)例子；榜样
3．present n．礼物→________ v．(词性转换)呈上；递交
【答案】1．essentially　2．example　3．present
Ⅲ.预备写作素材
1．人们认为能源短缺问题可以通过我们的共同努力得到解决。
_________________________ the problem of energy shortage can be solved through our joint efforts.
【答案】1．It is assumed that
2．寒风开始咆哮，像锋利的刀子一样刺痛我的脸。
The icy wind started howling，_______________________．
3．考虑到她对孩子感兴趣，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。
______________________________，I am sure teaching is the right career for her.
【答案】2．cutting my face like a sharp knife
3．Given that she is interested in children
4．英国国会是由下议院和上议院组成的。
The British Parliament ________________________________ the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
5．他决定把余生奉献给科学研究。
He decided to ____________________ scientific investigation.
【答案】4．is comprised of
5．devote the rest of his life to
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.浏览课文，然后填空
【答案】1．chemical　2．organic　3．rich soil
Ⅱ.阅读课文，选择正确选项
(　　)1．Why did many farmers welcome the introduction of chemical farming
A．Because it can fight crop disease and increase production.
B．Because it harms both the land and people’s health.
C．Because it can help produce rich soil.
D．Because it is not expensive.
【答案】A
(　　)2．What concerns many people about the use of pesticides
A．Pesticides can damage the land.
B．Chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time.
C．Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects.
D．Chemicals may make people ill and even cause cancer.
【答案】D
(　　)3．Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop grown in each field every few years
A．Because it helps put important minerals back into the ground.
B．Because it can avoid damage to the environment.
C．Because it can help increase output.
D．The author didn’t tell us.
【答案】A
(　　)4．Why can’t we stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely
A．Because organic farming costs us a lot of money.
B．Because organic farming can meet people’s need.
C．Because chemical farming brings us huge profit.
D．Because chemical farming helps serve the need for food.
【答案】D
课堂新知讲练
1． widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
(P55)Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.
【翻译】自20世纪中叶以来，化学杀虫剂和人工肥料在农业中被广泛使用。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)a widespread disease 流行病
in widespread use 广泛应用
(2)widespreadly adv. 广泛地；普遍地
【用法详解】
Smart phones are widespreadly used in the world.
智能手机在世界上被广泛使用。
Food shortages are widespread in some African countries.
在某些非洲国家食物短缺的情况很普遍。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)It remained________ widespread use until late in the 20th century.
(2)It is ________ (widespread) agreed that pressing students to studying is not a good idea.
【答案】(1)in　(2) widespreadly
完成句子
(3)Warm winter may cause a ______________________．
温暖的冬天可能会引起流行病。
(4)_________________________ for the new proposals.
新提议获得了广泛的支持。
【答案】(3)widespread disease　
(4)There is widespread support
2．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
(P55)This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.
【翻译】这影响了生长在土地上的作物，进而影响消化它们的动物和人类。
in one’s turn轮到某人；接替
by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
【用法详解】
The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.
两个女儿轮流照顾生病的母亲。
When it was my turn, I realised why the process was moving so slow.
当轮到我的时候，我明白进程为什么这么慢了。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)All theories are from practice and _____ turn serve practice.
(2)I think it’s my turn ____(drive) the kids to school this week.
(3)It is our responsibility to take care of our sick mother _____ turns.
【答案】(1)in　(2)to drive　(3)by
完成句子
(4)She ______________________________.
她依次向每一个人问同样的问题。
【答案】
(4)asked everyone the same question in turn/by turns
3．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
(P55)They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.
【翻译】它们可能外表看起来很漂亮，但里面通常有更多的水，而不是必需的矿物质，而且它们的味道通常也更差。
(1)be essential to/for… 对……很重要
It is essential that…(should) do…
做……是完全必要的。
It is essential for sb.to do…
对某人来说，做……是完全必要的。
(2)essentially adv.本质上；基本上；大体上
【用法详解】
It is essential that you (should) learn Chinese history.
你有必要学习中国历史。
These words and grammar are essential for everybody to learn English.
这些词和语法对每一个学英语的人来说都很重要。
It is essential for high-tech enterprises to strengthen competitive power.
增强竞争力对高新技术企业来说是完全必要的。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Sun and water are essential ________ the growth of crops.
(2)It is essential for us ________(set) our goal realistically.
(3)______(essential), everyone has two ages：a chronological age and a biological age.
【答案】(1)to/for　(2)to set　(3)Essentially
完成句子
(4)______________________ you should come home early.
你很有必要早点回家。
【答案】(4)It is essential that
4．alternative n．可供选择的事物
adj.可供替代的；非传统的
(P55)As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.
【翻译】作为另一种选择，一些农民转向有机农业，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。
(1)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth.
有做某事的选择；可以做某事
There’s no alternative…but to do sth.
……别无选择只好做某事。
an alternative to… ……的替代品
(2)alternatively adv.可供选择地
【用法详解】
There is a vegetarian alternative on the menu every day.
每天的菜单上另有素食餐点。
If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he has no alternative but to go by air.
如果他今晚想去香港，除了坐飞机外别无选择。
【特别提醒】
“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有：have no choice but to do sth.; can’t do sth. but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.等。在这些结构中，若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式，不定式to要省略，否则，but之后的to不能省略。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)As far as I’m concerned, there is no alternative but ___________ (adopt) the alternative solution.
(2)We could walk or ________(alternative) we could go in Ted’s car.
(3)If you don’t like the school lunch, you have the alternative of ________(bring) your own.
【答案】(1)to adopt　(2)alternatively　(3)bringing
完成句子
(4)I __________________________ report him to the police at that time.
在那时，我别无选择，只好向警方告发他。
【答案】(4)had no alternative/choice but to
5．instance n．例子；实例；事例
(P56)For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next.
【翻译】例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，然后第二年再改种豌豆。
(1)for instance例如
in this instance在这种情况下
in the first instance第一；首先
(2)instant n．瞬间；片刻　adj.立即的；立刻的
in an instant(＝immediately) 立刻
the instant (that)＝as soon as 一……就……
【用法详解】
(at) any instant 随时；在任何情况下
for an instant 片刻；一瞬间
(3)instantly adv. 立刻；马上
Fortune can be made or lost in an instant.
财富很可能会在一瞬间获得，也可能在一瞬间失去。
In both instances, the result is obesity.
这两种情况导致的结果都是肥胖。
For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.
例如，失败可以帮助你发现自己有多强大。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)________ the first instance, your child will be seen by an ear, nose and throat specialist.
(2)There are a number of improvements, ________ instance, both mouse buttons can now be used.
(3)The driver was killed________(instant) in the car accident.
(4)I recognised him ________ instant I saw him.
【答案】(1)In　(2)for　(3)instantly　(4)the
6．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
(P56)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.
【翻译】有机种植的农民也种植不同的农作物，利用不同深度的土壤来保持土壤肥沃。
(1)at/to a depth of… 在/到……深度
in depth 深入地；详细地
out of one’s depth 在水深没过头顶的地方；不能理解
the depths of one’s heart 某人的内心深处
(2)deep adj.深的　adv.深深地
(3)deeply adv.深深地；强烈地
(4)deepen v．(使)变深；(使)加深
【用法详解】
The smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen feet in depth.
小一些的湖深度从5英尺到14英尺不等。
【语境串联】
She belongs to herself. Nobody can measure the depth of her heart, deep as sea.
她属于自己。没有人能测出她心有多深，深似大海。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Plant the beans ________ a depth of about six inches.
(2)If you get him talking on art, he soon gets out of his _______(deep).
(3)If this is not stopped, the financial crisis will ________ (deep).
【答案】(1)at　(2)depth　(3)deepen
完成句子
(4)___________________my memory, many things I did with my father still live.
在我记忆深处，我与父亲一起做过的很多事仍然存在。
【答案】(4)In the depths of
(P55)For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.
【翻译】例如，杀虫剂不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还可以杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。
【句式剖析】
句中的“not only…but also…”意为“不仅……而且……”，用作并列连词，相当于“not just…but also…”。
◇句式解读
(1)该结构常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其also可以省略。
(2)“not only…but also…”连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近”原则；当not only 位于句首连接两个句子时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。
【归纳拓展】
Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor.
莎士比亚不仅是一位作家，而且是一位演员。
Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.
淡雅和鲜艳的颜色不但使人更快乐，也会使人更加活泼。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)They not only broke into his office ________also tore up his papers.
(2)Not just the students but also their teacher ________(like) playing football.
【答案】(1)but　(2)likes　
完成句子
(3)Not only ____________ English correctly, but he also speaks it fluently.
他不仅能准确地说英语，而且说得很流利。
(4)__________________ has saved those boys from the fire.
不仅仅是你，而且还有他从火中救出了那些男孩。
【答案】(3)can he speak　(4)Not only you but (also) he
课后进阶专练
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．At first glance, ________(有机的) farming looks much more expensive for the farmer.
2．Everybody is talking about the matter, which is a subject of ________(广泛的) comment.
3．You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to ________(消化).
【答案】1．organic　2．widespread　3．digest　
4．Any significant social change brings about problems and it is ________(极其重要的) to work out proper solutions.
5．Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an ________(替代物) to gasoline.
6．The principal warned the students not to hang around the corner ________(食品杂货店) store after school.
【答案】4．essential　5．alternative　6．grocery
7．A teacher should be good at drawing inferences about other cases from one ________(例子).
8．Some ready-made meals are ________(有营养的) and very easy to prepare.
【答案】7．instance　8．nutritious
9．When I told them I was thirsty, they gave me a bottle of ________(矿物质) water.
10．We have to get to the________(根源) of the problem to solve it well.
【答案】9．mineral　10．root
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Cooking vegetables may reduce their _________(nutrition) value.
2．There are three __________________(essential) different ways of tackling the problem.
【答案】1．nutritional　2．essentially　
3．I am convinced that ________(digest) is the great secret of life.
4．His eyes slowly began to focus ________ what looked like a small dark ball.
5．Tim, may I introduce you _________ my uncle’s secretary, Mary Waller
【答案】3．digestion　4．on　5．to　
6．He still refused to face the fact ________ he had failed.
7．You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two________(alternative).
8．Their price depended almost________(entire) on their scarcity(稀缺).
【答案】6．that　7．alternatives　8．entirely
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．________ did we gain knowledge of gardening ________ we had a better understanding of nature from this activity.
通过这次活动，我们不仅获得了园艺知识，而且对大自然有了更好的了解。
【答案】1．Not only; but also　
2．We arrived __________________ the train leaving at eight.
我们到得太晚了，没能赶上8点的火车。
3．More superhighways have been built in China, ________ __________ for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又修建了更多的高速公路，这使得人们出行变得更加容易了。
【答案】2．too late to catch　3．making it much easier　
4．We should keep the earth healthy ________________ its natural resources.
当我们在利用它的自然资源的时候，应该保持地球的健康。
5．I got wet all through.__________ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.
我全身湿透了，那是因为我既没穿雨衣，也没带雨伞。
【答案】4．when/while using　5．That’s because
提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
That’s one small stem for a plant，one giant leap for plant science.
In a tiny，lab-grown garden，the first seeds ever sown in lunar dirt have sprouted (发芽).This small crop offers hope that astronauts could someday grow their own food on the moon.
But plants potted in lunar dirt grew more slowly and were much thinner than others grown in volcanic material from Earth，researchers report May 12 in Communications Biology.That finding suggests that farming on the moon would take a lot more than a green thumb.
“Ever since these samples came back，there’ve been botanists that wanted to know what would happen if you grew plants in them，” says Barker，who wasn’t involved in the study.“But everyone knows those precious samples are priceless，and so you can understand why NASA was reluctant to release them.”
The dirt，or regolith，that covers the moon is basically a gardener’s worst nightmare.This fine powder of razor-sharp bits is full of metallic iron，rather than the oxidised(氧化的) kind that is friendly to plants.But it is not full of nitrogen，phosphorus or much else that plants need to grow.So no one knew whether newborn plants could put down their delicate roots in the real stuff.
To find out，researchers at the University of Florida in Gainesville ran experiments with that cress，a well-studied plant that can grow in just a tiny clod of material.That was key because the researchers had only a little bit of the moon dirt to go around.
“Nothing really compared to when we first saw the seedlings as they were sprouting in the lunar dirt，” says Anna-Lisa Paul，a plant molecular biologist.“That was a moving experience，to be able to say that we’re watching the very first earth organisms to grow in extraterrestrial materials，ever.And it was amazing.”
Plants grew in all the pots of lunar dirt，but none grew as well as those cultivated in earthly material.
Barker isn’t frightened by the challenges promised by this first attempt at lunar gardening.“There’re many，many steps and pieces of technology to be developed before humanity can really engage in lunar agriculture，” he says.“But having this particular dataset(资料) is really important for those of us that believe it’s possible and important.”
1．What can we learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3
A．Farming on the moon is no easy job.
B．Lunar dirt is very scarce for humans.
C．Knowing how to farm matters much.
D．Volcanic material from Earth is better.
2．What is the purpose of the experiments
A．To explore the moon for more lunar dirt.
B．To increase the richness of the moon dirt.
C．To reveal what elements lunar dirt contains.
D．To find whether lunar dirt is proper for plants.
3．Why isn’t Barker frightened by the challenges
A．Because researches have laid the foundation.
B．Because lunar gardening is quite important.
C．Because technology has solved the problems.
D．Because humans have engaged in lunar farming.
4．What is this text mainly about
A．Astronauts growing plants on the moon.
B．Human’s great success in lunar gardening.
C．Experiments of growing plants in moon soil.
D．A well-studied plant growing in earthly material.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于月壤植物生长的试验。为了了解月壤是否适合耕种植物，科学家们采用从月球拿回来的泥土样本进行实验耕种，并且介绍了研究的结果及其作用。
1．A　推理判断题。根据第三段“But plants potted in lunar dirt…more than a green thumb．”可知，在月壤中耕种比在地球火山泥中耕种时，植物的生长速度更慢，要想在月球上耕种不仅仅是需要好的种植技术。由此可知，画线句表明：在月球上耕种并不简单。故选A项。
2．D　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，植物学家们想知道月壤是否适合植物生长，所以利用样本做实验。故选D项。
3．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Barker表示虽然首次尝试面对着挑战，但研究获得了特定的数据，这为以后的研究奠定了基础，所以他没有被挑战吓到。故选A项。
4．C　主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第六段的内容可知，本文主要介绍了为了了解月壤是否适合耕种植物，科学家们采用月球拿回来的泥土样本进行实验耕种，并且说明了研究的结果以及作用。由此可知，本文内容主要是关于月壤植物生长试验。故选C项。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season.We had not seen rain in almost a month.The crops were dying.Cows had stopped giving milk.The streams were long gone back into the earth.If we didn’t see some rain soon, we would lose everything.It was on this day that I learned the true lesson of sharing and witnessed the best miracle I have ever seen in my life.
I was in the kitchen making lunch for the family when I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods.I could only see his back.He wasn’t walking with his usual steps.He was obviously walking with great effort, trying to be as still as possible.Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house.I went back to make sandwiches, thinking that whatever he had been doing was completed.
Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods.This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously to the woods, then running back to the house.Finally, my curiosity got the best of me.I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked; being very careful not to spill(溅出) the water he held in them.I stepped close as he went into the woods.Branches and thorns slapped his little face, but he did not try to avoid them.He might have a much greater purpose, I thought.As I came closer, I saw the most amazing sight.Several large deer stood in front of him.Billy walked right up to them, at the sight of which I almost screamed for him to get away.A huge buck(雄鹿) was dangerously close.
But the buck neither threatened him nor even moved as Billy knelt down.And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, lifting its head with great effort to lap(舔) up the water cupped in my boy’s hands.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house.I followed him back to the tap._________________________ ______________________________________________________ 　　
This time, I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen.______________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house.I followed him back to the tap. Billy turned it on and began to cup both hands.He knelt down, letting the drip slowly fill up his “cup”．And now I knew what was going on.Obviously, he was afraid of being scolded for wasting water, so he avoided asking me for help.When he stood up and turned back, I walked toward him.His eyes were filled with tears.“Mum，I’m not wasting.”
This time I joined him, with a small pot water from the kitchen. I let him tend to the baby deer alone while I just helped fetch the water.As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops, and more drop, and more.I looked up at the sky.I can’t believe it was raining!
写作高效提升
如何写表达观点的文章
动笔前，你的大体构思：
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
◎单元写作目标
【引人入胜的开头句】
People take different views on this question.
人们对这个问题的看法各不相同。
In my opinion, it is wrong to…
在我看来，……是错误的。
◎话题佳句
I don’t think it is a very good way to…
我认为……不是一个很好的方法。
I’m writing to persuade you to quit/give up…
我写信是为了劝你放弃……
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
Here are my reasons. First of all, I think it would be better if…
我的理由如下。首先，我认为如果……会更好。
The reason for…is that… ……的原因是……
However, some of them hold a different view/hold the opposite opinion.
然而，有些人持不同的看法/相反的观点。
If I were you, I would…如果我是你，我会……
No one can ignore the fact that…没有人能忽视这个事实……
【回味无穷的结尾句】
In short…/In conclusion…
总之……
All things considered…
从各方面看来……
As far as I’m concerned…
我认为……
From what has been discussed above…
通过以上讨论……
【写作任务】
关于有机农业和化学农业，你们班举行了一场辩论。请结合你们的讨论结果，写一篇支持有机农业的英语短文，80词左右。
◎写作范例
内容包括：
1．化学农业的危害；
2．有机农业的优点；
3．讨论的结果和大家的期待；
4．发表自己的观点。
【写作指导】
主题 关于农业的讨论 体裁 议论文
人称 以第一、三人称为主 时态 一般现在时
布局 第一段：介绍农业概况 第二段：分层次介绍化学农业和有机农业的区别 第三段：总结观点，提出建议 【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1．______________ adj.化学的　n．化学制品
2．______________ n．营养；滋养
3．______________ adj.营养丰富的
【答案】1．chemical　2．nutrition　3．nutritious
4．______________ n．肥料
5．______________ 有机农业
6．______________ 导致
【答案】4．fertiliser　5．organic agriculture　6．lead to
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1．句式积累
(1)就现代农业的发展而言，化学农业和有机农业是两个关键词。
________________ the development of modern agriculture, chemical agriculture and ______________ are two key words.
【答案】(1)In terms of; organic agriculture
(2)关于化学农业和有机农业有各种观点。
There are _______________ chemical agriculture and organic agriculture.
(3)毫无疑问，残留在农作物内部的化学物质会导致癌症或其他疾病。
________________ that the chemicals staying inside the crops ______________ cancers or other illnesses.
【答案】(2)various opinions about
(3)There is no doubt; can lead to
(4)此外，这些蔬菜长得很快，几乎没有营养。
Besides, the vegetables grow ________________________．
(5)第二，有机农产品仅使用天然肥料，使蔬菜和水果既美味又有营养。
Second, organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, and ______________________________________．
【答案】(4)so fast that they contain little nutrition
(5)makes vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritious
2．句式升级
(6)将句(1)(2)合并为含有定语从句的句子
【答案】In terms of the development of modern agriculture, chemical agriculture and organic agriculture are two key words, about which there are various opinions.
(7)将句(5)升级为含有现在分词短语的句子
【答案】Second, organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritious.
【连句成篇】
【答案】One possible version：
In terms of the development of modern agriculture, chemical agriculture and organic agriculture are two key words, about which there are various opinions.
Chemical agriculture has many disadvantages. There is no doubt that the chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancers or other illnesses. Besides, the vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition. Organic food is becoming increasingly popular with customers. The first reason is that people attach great importance to health. Second, organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritious.
So it is wiser to choose organic food.
假如你们学校的“英语之声”广播站正在征集有关“传统农业与现代农业的利与弊”的文章，将在本周五下午的“英语天地”栏目播出。 请你结合以下表格所提供的信息用英语写一篇新闻稿，介绍一下你所了解的中国传统农业与现代农业的不同之处。词数80左右。
◎写作练笔
参考词汇：方面aspect; 效率efficiency
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
传统农业 现代农业
以手工耕作为主 以机械耕作为主
农民很辛苦，效率低，产量低 工作效率提高，产量大幅度提高
对环境破坏小 化肥、农药的使用对环境破坏较大
【答案】One possible version：
With the development of society, agriculture has also changed a lot in many aspects.First of all, nowadays most farmers grow crops with the help of modern machines instead of planting crops with their hands.As a result, modern farmers no longer need to work so hard as before.And the output and working efficiency are also improved greatly, which contributes a lot to social-economic development.
But modern agriculture also has harmful effect on our society.For instance, the fertilisers and pesticides used in modern agriculture have destroyed the environment rather badly, while traditional agriculture does not cause such kind of problems at all.

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