资源简介

(共32张PPT)
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
单元要点回顾
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 1．tornado n．________________
2．tsunami n．________________
3．magnitude n．________________
4．helicopter n．________________
5．brick n．________________
　龙卷风；旋风
　海啸
　　 震级；重大
　　 直升机
砖；砖块
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 6．volcano n．_____________________
7．typhoon n．_____________________
8．hurricane n．_____________________
9．pipe n．_____________________
10．kit n．_____________________
　　 火山
　　 台风
　　 (尤指西大西洋的)飓风
管子；管道
成套工具；成套设备
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 11．__________ n．灾难；灾害　
12．__________ n．旱灾；久旱　
13．__________ n．& vt. 营救；救援　
14．__________ vt. 损害；破坏　n．损坏；损失　
15．__________ n．裂纹；裂缝　vi. & vt. (使)破裂　
16．__________ n．& vt. 破坏；毁坏　
disaster
drought
rescue
damage
crack
ruin
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 17．____________ n．百分之……　adj. & adv. 每一百中　
18．____________ n．金属　
19．____________ n．电；电能　
20．____________ vt. 埋葬；安葬　
21．____________ n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力　
22．____________ vi. & vt. 统一；(使)成一体　
percent
metal
electricity
bury
effort
unify
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 23．_________ n．上下文；语境；背景　
24．________ vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击　n．撞车；碰撞　
25．__________ vt. & vi. 打扫；清扫　
26．________ n．海浪；波浪　vi. & vt. 挥手；招手　
27．__________ n．影响；结果；效果　
context
crash
sweep
wave
effect
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 28．__________ n．长；长度　
29．__________ n. 洪水；大量　vi. 淹没；大量涌入　vt. 使灌满水；淹没　
30．__________ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套　n．险境；陷阱　
31．__________ n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl. ] 补给品　vt. 供应；供给　
length
flood
trap
supply
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 32．__________ vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍　n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲　
33．__________ vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声　vt. 吹口哨　n．哨子(声)；呼啸声　
34．_________ n. 援助；帮助；救援物资　vi. & vt. (formal)帮助；援助　
tap
whistle
aid
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 35．____________ vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打　n．罢工；罢课；袭击　
36．____________ n. 避难所；居所；庇护　vt. 保护；掩蔽　vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
strike
shelter
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 37．____________ vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动
→ ____________ n．(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡　
38．____________ n．总结；概括；概要
→____________ v．总结　
39．____________ vt. 疏散；撤出　vi. 撤离
→____________ n．疏散；撤离　
slide
landslide
summary
summarise
evacuate
evacuation
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 40．____________ n．死；死亡
→____________ vi. 死；死亡
→____________ adj. 死的；失去生命的；枯萎的　
41．____________ vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
→____________ n．喜爱；感情；影响；感染　
death
die
dead
affect
affection
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 42．____________ n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克　vt. (使)震惊
→____________ adj. 震惊的
→____________ adj. 骇人听闻的；令人气愤的
43．____________ vi. & vt. 呼吸
→____________ n．呼吸　
shock
shocked
shocking
breathe
breath
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 44．____________ vt. & vi. 复活；(使)苏醒
→____________ n．振兴；复苏　
45．____________ n．智慧；才智
→____________ adj. 充满智慧的；明智的　
46．____________ vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
→____________ n．痛苦；苦难　
revive
revival
wisdom
wise
suffer
suffering
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 47．__________ vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
→___________ n．喷发；爆发　
48．____________ vi. 生存；存活　vt. 幸存；艰难度过
→____________ n．幸存者；生还者
→____________ n．幸存；生存　
erupt
eruption
survive
survivor
survival
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 49．____________ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
→____________ adj. 强大的；强有力的　
50．____________ n．突发事件；紧急情况
→____________ v．(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现；浮现；露出；暴露
→____________ adj. 紧急的；新兴的；兴起的　
power
powerful
emergency
emerge
emergent
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 51．__________ adj. 镇静的；沉着的　vt. 使平静，使镇静
→____________ adv. 镇定自若地；镇静地　
52．____________ vt. & vi. 递送；传达　vt. 发表
→____________ n．传送；递送；分娩；演讲方式；表演风格　
calm
calmly
deliver
delivery
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 1．参考；涉及；查阅 __________________
2．至少 __________________
3．set up __________________
4．注意 __________________
5．升降；起伏；兴亡 __________________
6．too…to… __________________
7．寻找 __________________
refer to
at least
创建；建立
pay attention to
rise and fall
太……而不能……
look for
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 8．as usual __________________
9．as if/though __________________
10．come to an end __________________
11．严重受损；破败不堪 __________________
12．……的数量 __________________
13．代替；而不是 __________________
14．震惊；吃惊 __________________
像往常一样
似乎；好像；仿佛
结束
in ruins
the number of
instead of
in shock
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 15．倒塌；(人)摔倒；跌倒 __________________
16．get up to one’s feet __________________
17．过去常常 __________________
18．把……翻译成…… __________________
19．醒来；唤醒 __________________
20．露天；在户外 __________________
fall down
站起来
used to
translate…into…
wake up
in the open air
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 21．轮流做某事 __________________
22．列出……的清单 __________________
23．stay away from __________________
24．确保 __________________
25．现有的；在手边的 __________________
26．处于危险之中 __________________
take turns to do sth
make a list of
远离
make sure
on hand
in danger
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 27．stay calm __________________
28．消灭；彻底消除 __________________
29．实施；实行 __________________
30．放弃 __________________
31．一系列 __________________
32．过着……的生活 __________________
保持冷静
sweep away
carry out
give up
a series of
live a…life
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 33．be missing __________________
34．出于感激 __________________
35．朝四面八方 __________________
36．volcanic eruption __________________
37．first aid kit __________________
不见了；失踪
out of gratitude
in all directions
火山爆发
急救箱
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 1．Chickens and even pigs were ____ ________ _____ ______， and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡，甚至连猪都太紧张而不吃食，狗拒绝进入屋内。
too　nervous　to
eat
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 2．It seemed ____ _____ the world were coming to an end!　
仿佛世界末日即将来临！　
3．Nearly ______ ______ _______ the whole nation felt it!　
全国几乎三分之一的地方均有震感！　
as 　if
one 　third 　of
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 4．____________ __________ ________， there was nothing but ruins.
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。
5．Most bridges had fallen or _______ _____ ______ _____ _______.
大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了。
Everywhere 　survivors 　looked
were 　not 　safe
to 　cross
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 6．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, _______ _______ ______ 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and ________ ________ four other countries.
过去40年来最强烈的地震昨日引发了冲击亚洲各地海岸线的海啸，导致印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家6 500多人死亡。
killing 　more 　than
at 　
least
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 7．I ______ ________ __________ with my three children ________ water started filling my home.
我正和三个孩子在一起吃早餐，这时水开始灌入我家。
was 　having 　breakfast
when
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 8．Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves ________ ______ ______ ________ __________ that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车被震级达到9.0的强烈地震所引起的巨浪冲走了。
caused 　 by 　 the
strong 　earthquake
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 9．Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths ____ ________ _____ _______ even higher over the next few days.
数以千计的人仍然失踪，预计在未来几天里死亡人数会继续上升。
is 　expected 　to 　grow
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 10．However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will _______ ____ ________ to deliver food and supplies.
然而，危机四伏的环境和道路受损会让运输食物和日用品变得困难。
make 　it 　difficult
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 限制性定语从句(1)
1．Chatting was the only thing ________ interested her most.
2．Look, here are some people ________________ I want you to meet.
3．This is the little girl ________ parents used to work on the farm.
that
who/whom/that
whose(共74张PPT)
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period Three　Discovering Useful Structures
& Listening and Talking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意　
A．突发事件；紧急情况　
B．(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出　
C．生存；存活；幸存；艰难度过　
D．镇静的；沉着的；使平静；使镇静　
1．Watch out! The volcano is erupting！ (　　)
2．The girl survived the shipwreck. (　　)
3．It’s an emergency. Get the injured person to the hospital now. (　　)
4．Sitting quietly in the nature makes you feel calm. (　　)
【答案】1－4　BCAD　
Ⅱ．预备语法(限制性定语从句)
1．This is the school ________ we visited.
2．Those ________ are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.
【答案】1．that/which　2．who　
3．The way ________ he explained to us was quite simple.
4．This is the boy ________ parents worked in the factory last year.
5．The old man for________ I am caring is better.
【答案】3．that　4．whose　5．whom　
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl. ]补给品　
vt. 供应；供给　
(P52)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
向灾区提供的补给品来自全国各地。
【用法详解】
(1)in short supply 短缺　
a good supply of 一批；许多　
(2)supply in 在……方面填补　
supply for 供应给……　
(3)supply sth to sb＝supply sb with sth为某人提供某物　
Within three days they had exhausted their supply of food.
他们在三天之内就把所有粮食吃光了。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)Water ________(supply) to the house are at low pressure.
(2)Some medicine remained ________ short supply in the remote areas.
【答案】(1)supplies　(2)in　
一句多译　
(3)我们上周为无家可归的人们提供了免费的食物。
→We ________ the homeless people ________ free food last week.
→We ________ free food ________ the homeless people last week.
【答案】(3)supplied; with; supplied; to　
2．survive vi. 生存；存活　vt. 幸存；艰难度过　
(P52)It’s looking for the people who survived the earthquake.
它在寻找地震中的幸存者。
【用法详解】
On average, the non-smokers survive smokers by 10 years.
平均来说，不吸烟者比吸烟者多活10年。
【特别提醒】
survive用作及物动词表示“幸存”时，可直接接疾病、灾难、事故、危机等名词，表示“从……中幸存下来”；表示“比某人长命”时，常用人作宾语。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)If cancers are spotted early, there’s a high chance of ______ (survive).
(2)The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers ________ ten years.
(3)Her father was a soldier and was one of the ________ (survive) of the terrible accident.
【答案】(1)survival　(2)by　(3)survivors　
完成句子
(4)The biologist says these plants _______ ________ _______ poor soil conditions.
生物学家说这些植物能在贫瘠的土壤条件下存活。
【答案】(4)can survive on　
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【例句观察】
①The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
②The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
③The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
④Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
⑤A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
【我的领悟】
1．句①中的that引导的定语从句修饰名词________，that在从句中作________。
2．句②中的who引导的定语从句修饰名词________，who在从句中作________。
Keys：1．experience；宾语　2．couple；主语　
3．句③中的which引导的定语从句修饰名词________，which在从句中作________。
4．句④中的whose引导的定语从句修饰名词________，whose在从句中作________。
5．句⑤中的whom引导的定语从句修饰名词________，whom在从句中作________。
Keys：3．supplies；主语　4．architect；定语　5．doctor；宾语　
一、定语从句的定义　
在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。本单元主要学习的是关系代词that, which, who, whose, whom。
□关系代词及定语从句
二、关系代词的基本用法　
1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
Ms Vera talked to some friends who had similar problems.
薇拉女士与一些有类似问题的朋友交谈。(作主语)
Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
罗斯是你应该关心的人。(作宾语)
3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示所属关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。
Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(修饰人)
He lives in a room whose garden is beautiful.
他住在一个有漂亮花园的房间里。(修饰物)
4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。但在介词之后时不可省略。
China is a country which has a long history.
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)
The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn’t work.
他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)
This is the house in which I once lived.
这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)
5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。that指人时相当于who或whom，指物时相当于which。
This is the novel that interests me.
这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)
The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.
我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)
The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(指人，作主语)
【名师点津】
关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常有趣。
[误]The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very interesting.
[正]The film (that/which) we saw last night is very interesting.
三、关系代词只能用that而不用which的情况　
1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。
Have you taken down everything (that) Mr Li said
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place(that) they visited in London was the Big Ben.
他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
This is the most delicious food (that) I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
3．先行词被all，every，no，the only，the very, the last等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
所有那些不属于我的书我都已经读完了。
The only thing (that) she could do was to go to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
I have found the very pen (that) I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔了。
4．当先行词既指人又指物时。
We often talk about the persons and things(that) we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
单句语法填空　
1．Do you still remember the farm ________ we visited three months ago
2．Some countries ________ names I had never heard of before were shown on the map.
【答案】1．that/which　2．whose　
□追踪练习
3．Anyone ________ failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.
4．All ________ we need is enough rest after long hours’ work.
5．On the train I saw a girl ________ I thought was your sister.
【答案】3．who/that　4．that　5．who/that　
6．Have you seen the film Titanic ________ leading actor is world-famous
7．This is the best film ________ has been shown so far in the city.
8．The pen ________ he bought yesterday is the same as mine.
【答案】6．whose　7．that　8．that/which　
课后进阶专练
Ⅰ．单词拼写　
1．Unfortunately, many birds didn’t ________(幸存) the severe winter.
2．I put my phone on charge because it was running out of ________(电力供应).
【答案】1．survive　2．power　
基础练
(建议用时：15分钟)
3．He is a very brave man who can keep ________(镇静的) even in danger.
4．We’re told that this door can only be used in an ________ (紧急情况).
5．The country has offered financial ________(援助) to many African countries.
【答案】3．calm　4．emergency　5．aid　
Ⅱ．用定语从句合并下列句子　
1．I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
→__________________________________________
2．Yesterday Emily was wearing the yellow dress. I bought her the yellow dress.
→__________________________________________
【答案】1．I have a friend who likes listening to classical music. 2．Yesterday Emily was wearing the yellow dress (that/ which) I bought her.
3．I know the girl. Her article was published in the magazine.
→__________________________________________
4．My grandparents live in a house. It lies at the foot of the mountain.
→__________________________________________
【答案】3．I know the girl whose article was published in the magazine.
4．My grandparents live in a house which/that lies at the foot of the mountain.
5．You referred to the man in the meeting yesterday. I want to know the man.
→__________________________________________
6．The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
→__________________________________________
【答案】5．I want to know the man (whom/who/that) you referred to in the meeting yesterday.
6．The letter(that/which) I received yesterday is from my sister.
7．The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
→__________________________________________
8．I want to talk to the boys. Their homework hasn’t been handed in.
→__________________________________________
【答案】7．The train that/which was going to Nanning was late.
8．I want to talk to the boys whose homework hasn?t been handed in.
9．The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
→__________________________________________
10．The tree is quite tall now. He planted it five years ago.
→__________________________________________
【答案】9．The boy who/that was here a minute ago is my brother.
10．The tree (that/which) he planted five years ago is quite tall now.
Ⅲ．微写作　
我父亲在离我家不远的一家医院工作。我的母亲是一个家庭主妇，经常给我们做好吃的饭菜。我姐姐在北京大学学习，她的专业是环境科学。我是一名高中生，有几个喜欢打篮球的好朋友。
________________________________________
One possible version：
My father works in a hospital which/that is not far from my home. My mother is a housewife who/that often cooks delicious dishes for us. My sister studies in Beijing University, whose major is environmental science. I am a senior high school student and I have several good friends who/that enjoy playing basketball.
Ⅰ．阅读理解　
Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
提升练
(建议用时：30分钟)
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos. Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, flood waters can carry disease, including hepatitis A and cholera.
However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles(微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment(沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.
Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水作为大自然的一部分，对生态系统既有好处也有坏处。
(　　)1．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2
A．Block. B．Pollute.
C．Become. D．Develop.
【答案】A　
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词下文中的“preventing the river from flowing. ”可知，太多的泥土会堵塞河道，阻止河水流动。由此推知，画线词clog意为“堵塞”，与block意义一致。故选A项。
(　　)2．How do floods help ecosystems
A．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
D．Floods can clean the dirt and help plants grow.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Flood waters carry nutrients… helps plants grow. ”可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更肥沃，从而更好地帮助生态系统。故选C项。
(　　)3．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．The way in which floods feed animals.
B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C．An effective means of improving soil.
D．The reason for people’s hating floods.
【答案】B　
【解析】段落大意题。通读第三段内容，尤其“However, not everything about floods id bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. ”可知，本段主要讲洪水带给生态系统的好处。故选B项。
(　　)4．What’s the best title of this article
A．The Good Effects of Flooding　
B．The Secret of Flooding　
C．Floods—a Part of Nature　
D．Floods—Everything Is So Bad　
【答案】C　
【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，前两段主要介绍的是洪水对生态系统不利的方面，第三段介绍了洪水对生态系统的益处，最后一段总结全文。因此，C项“洪水是大自然的一部分”最适合作文章的标题。故选C项。
Ⅱ．语法填空　
(广东省惠州市2024—2025学年高一11月月考)When you think of winter storms, you likely think of waking up in the morning to inches, even feet of snow! 1.________snowstorms may be the more recognisable type of winter storm, there’s another type that can cause as much, or even more damage: ice storms.
An ice storm is the result of 2.________ long-term cold rain event. While ice doesn’t fall from the sky, an ice storm is characterised by cold rain that results 3.________ thick ice. Ice storms usually happen when the air temperature is at or just above freezing.
Ice storms can cause 4.________(safe) issues. They can affect road conditions, 5.________(make) travel dangerous, and can damage your home. Thick ice increases the weight of branches and power lines, increasing the chances of big trees falling and losing electric service to your home. If they fall onto your houses, probably your roofs, nearby cars, and so on 6.________(destroy).
Worse still, it’s difficult to know when 7.________(power) ice storms will come. And it is possible for freezing rain 8.________ (fall) in one location, rain in another and snow in a third. Ice storms can appear in any area 9.________ hardly ever experiences winter weather. So you must know how to protect your home from ice storms 10.________(effective).
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰风暴的危害以及如何有效地保护你的家园。
1．While/Although/Though　考查连词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空格处引导状语从句，与主句内容构成让步关系，表示“虽然暴风雪可能是更容易识别的冬季风暴类型，但还有另一种类型可以造成同样多甚至更大的破坏：冰风暴”，应用连词while/although/though。此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填While/Although/Though。
2．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指一件长期冷雨的事件，应用不定冠词。long-term以辅音音素开头。故填a。
3．in　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“冰风暴的特点是冷雨导致厚厚的冰”，应用介词 in。故填in。
4．safety　考查名词。分析句子并结合语境可知，此处修饰名词issues，表示“安全问题”，应用safe的名词形式。故填safety。
5．making　考查动词的-ing形式。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子已有谓语can affect，故用非谓语动词形式。再结合语境可知，此处表示“冰风暴可能影响路况，使出行变得危险”，应用动词的-ing形式作结果状语。故填making。
6．will be destroyed　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空格处作谓语，动词destroy与your roofs, nearby cars, and so on为动宾关系，应用被动语态。再根据If引导的条件状语从句的时态规律(主将从现)可知，主句应用一般将来时。故填will be destroyed。
7．powerful　考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语ice storms，应用形容词作定语。故填powerful。
8．to fall　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定句型“it’s＋adj. ＋for…to do sth”，意为“对……来说做某事是……的”。故填to fall。
9．that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，其先行词area指物，且有any修饰，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that。故填that。
10．effectively　考查副词。此处修饰动词短语protect your home from ice storms, 应用副词作状语。故填effectively。
Ⅲ．应用文写作　
(河北省张家口市2024—2025学年高一12月月考)假定你是李华，在全国防灾减灾日(National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day)即将到来之际，你校将举办一场以防灾减灾为主题的讲座，请你写一封邮件邀请你的外国朋友Tom参加。
内容包括：
1．邮件的目的；　
2．讲座的主要内容；　
3．讲座的时间和地点。
注意：1．词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；　
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Tom，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua　
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
As the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day is approaching, my school will hold a lecture whose theme is disaster prevention and mitigation. I’m writing to invite you to attend the lecture.
The lecture will cover a variety of disasters like earthquakes and floods. What’s more, it will introduce practical and effective prevention tips and common self-rescue methods. The lecture will be held in my school hall at 3：00 p. m. this Friday.
I’m sure you will benefit a lot from the lecture. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua　(共101张PPT)
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period Two　Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意　
A．遭受；蒙受；(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦　
B．使落入险境；使陷入圈套；险境；陷阱　
C．金属　
D．上下文；语境；背景　
1．Iron is a very hard metal which is used to make engines. (　　)
2．Please get me out of this trap. (　　)
3．She is suffering from a headache. (　　)
4．We need a context to choose the right answer. (　　)
【答案】1－4　CBAD　
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写　
1．electric adj. →________　n．电；电能　
2．breath n．→________　vi. & vt. 呼吸　
3．wise n．→________　n．智慧；才智　
4．revive v．→________　n．振兴；复苏　
【答案】1．electricity　2．breathe　3．wisdom　
4．revival　
Ⅲ．猜短语填空　
in shock, suffer from, in ruins　
1．The city was extremely badly damaged so that most of its buildings have fallen down.
＝The city was __________.
【答案】1．in ruins　
2．Hearing a big terrible noise, all the girls were very frightened.
＝Hearing a big terrible noise, all the girls were __________.
3．Though she felt painful because of terrible injuries, she kept a positive attitude.
＝Though she __________ terrible injuries, she kept a positive attitude.
【答案】2．in shock　3．suffered from　
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ．根据课文内容，完成下面的思维导图　
The water in the 1.________ rose and fell.,Many animals had strange behaviours.
Bright 2.________ were seen and loud noises were heard.
Everything began to 3.________.
Many deaths or injuries were caused.
A large city lay in 4.________.
Nearly everything in the city was 5.________．
【答案】1．wells　2．lights　3．shake　4．ruins　5．destroyed
【答案】6．trapped　7．shelters　8．breathe　
Soldiers were sent to dig out those who were 6.________,and to bury the dead.
Doctors and nurses provided medical care.
Workers built 7.________ for survivors.
Slowly, the city began to 8.________ again.
Ⅱ．阅读课文，匹配段落大意
(　　)Para. 1 A．The earthquakes caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.
(　　)Para. 2 B．Warning signs before the earthquakes.
(　　)Para. 3 C．Tangshan revived itself.
(　　)Para. 4 D．The earthquakes happened and caused deaths or injuries in Tangshan.
(　　)Para. 5 E．Help came soon after the quakes.
【答案】Para. 1—B；Para. 2—D；Para. 3—A；Para. 4—E；Para. 5—C　
Ⅲ．阅读课文，选择正确选项　
(　　)1．All the following unusual things happened before the quake EXCEPT that________.
A．the water in the village wells rose and fell　
B．the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat　
C．tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again　
D．fish jumped out of the water　
【答案】C
(　　)2．Before the earthquake, people were asleep as usual because ________.
A．they did not notice anything strange happening　
B．they were ready for the earthquake　
C．they weren’t afraid of the earthquake　
D．they didn’t realise the arrival of an earthquake　
【答案】D
(　　)3．The second and third paragraphs are mainly about ________.
A．the great loss the earthquakes brought to Tangshan　
B．a number of people who were killed or injured　
C．when and where an earthquake happened　
D．the cause of the big earthquakes in Tangshan　
【答案】A
(　　)4．What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again. ” mean
A．The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.
B．The city will not die. It has hope. And it can recover from the pain.
C．Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.
D．Most of the 10,000 miners were rescued.
【答案】B
(　　)5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．People paid much attention to those strange things before the earthquake.
B．Before the earthquake, all the animals became nervous.
C．After the earthquake, water was needed because there was no water in dams and wells.
D．After the earthquake, the people in Tangshan lost hope because they were homeless.
【答案】A　
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．ruin n．& vt. 破坏；毁坏　
(P50)In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。
【用法详解】
　
A large number of houses fell into ruin/went to ruin after the earthquake.
地震之后，许多房屋都毁了。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)Years of fighting has left the area in ________(ruin).
(2)A large number of churches fell ________ ruin after the big flood.
【答案】(1)ruins　(2)into　
完成句子
(3)The little mistake ________ ________ ________ ________ getting the job.
这个小错误毁掉了他得到这份工作的机会。
【答案】(3)ruined his chance of　
2．shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克　
vt. (使)震惊　
(P50)People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.
人们惊恐万分，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。
【用法详解】
She still hadn’t got over the shock of seeing him again.
竟然又见到了他，她到现在还惊愕不已。
【语境串记】
It greatly shocked him to hear the shocking news. That is to say, he was shocked at the news, for I could see his shocked expression. Actually, everyone was in shock.
他听到这个令人震惊的消息，大为震惊。也就是说，他对这消息感到震惊，因为我能看见他吃惊的表情。实际上，每个人都震惊了。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)I was ________(shock) to hear that he had resigned.
(2)He was shocked ________ this sudden change in their attitude.
(3)It is ________(shock) that the accident caused four deaths and nine people injured.
【答案】(1)shocked　(2)at　(3)shocking　
完成句子
(4)________ ________ ________ ________ ________ that news.
我听到那个消息后，非常震惊。
【答案】(4)It shocked me to hear　
3．trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套　
n．险境；陷阱　
(P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震发生不久后，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
【用法详解】
The farmer set a trap for rats last night.
农民昨天晚上安了一个老鼠夹子。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)________(trap) in the mountain for two days, the travellers were rescued finally.
(2)He was trying to decide whether the question was some sort of ________ trap.
【答案】(1)Trapped　(2)a　
完成句子
(3)Many people ________ ________ ________ ________ of believing that home decorating must always be done on a large scale.
很多人错误地认为家居装修总是要大动一番干戈。
【答案】(3)fall into the trap　
4．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬　
(P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震发生不久后，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
【用法详解】
(1)bury…in…把……埋到……里　
(2)be buried in＝bury (oneself) in　
埋头于；专心于；沉浸于　
She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个不幸的消息时，她掩面而泣。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)She always has her head ________(bury) in a book.
(2)The house ________(bury) under ten feet of snow last winter.
【答案】(1)buried　(2)was buried　
完成句子
(3)Since she left, he’s _______ ________ _______ his work.
自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。
【答案】(3)buried himself in　
5．breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸　
(P50)Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。
【用法详解】
He held his breath while the results were read out.
宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)Take ________ deep breath and jump into the water!　
(2)When you feel nervous, take a deep breath and breathe ________ slowly.
【答案】(1)a　(2)out　
完成句子
(3)She had to ________ ________ ________ underwater for as long as possible during the diving.
在潜水时，她必须尽可能长时间地屏住呼吸。
(4)Playing tennis for hours left her ________ ________ ________ but happy.
打几个小时的网球后，她虽然气喘吁吁，但很开心。
【答案】(3)hold her breath　(4)out of breath　
6．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力　
(P50)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一个新的唐山在废墟上被建立起来。
【用法详解】
He had a sore throat, so he spoke slowly with effort.
他喉咙疼，所以他讲话很慢，很吃力。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)Everyone should make ________ (effort) to build a civilised city.
(2)They rebuilt the cinemas ________ an effort to attract young people.
【答案】(1)efforts　(2)in　
完成句子
(3)She ________ ________ ________ ________ prepare for the important exam yesterday.
她昨天在不遗余力地为重要的考试做准备。
(4)The experienced swimmer swam across the river ________ ________.
那位经验丰富的游泳者轻松地游过了河。
【答案】(3)spared no effort to　(4)without effort　
7．suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受　
vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦　
(P51)Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injuries, but others had already stopped ________ when they were discovered.
有些人被发现时还活着，虽然他们受了重伤，但其他人被发现时已经停止了______。
【用法详解】
(1)suffer from 患……病；因……而受苦　
suffer losses/pains/damage 遭受损失/痛苦/破坏　
(2)suffering n．苦难；痛苦　
(3)sufferer n．受难者　
His family suffered all kinds of hardships during the war.
他家在战争期间受尽了苦难。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)She could see the ________(suffer) in the eyes of the homeless children.
(2)The earthquake left many ________ (suffer) in need of immediate aid.
(3)Many companies are suffering ________ a shortage of skilled staff.
【答案】(1)suffering　(2)sufferers　(3)from　
完成句子
(4)It is reported that the factory ________ ________ ________ ________ in the fire yesterday.
据报道，这家工厂昨天在大火中遭受了重大损失。
【答案】(4)suffered a great loss　
◇句式解读
1．(P50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!　
仿佛世界末日即将来临！　
【句式剖析】
本句中的as if意为“好像”，可与as though互换。本句中的系动词seemed后接的从句为表语从句。有类似用法的动词还有look, sound等。
【考点提炼】
(1)as if (＝as though)除引导表语从句外，还可以引导方式状语从句。
(2)如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。
(3)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词形式如下：
①did/were(与现在事实相反)；　
②had done(与过去事实相反)；　
③would/could/might＋动词原形(与将来事实相反)。
It looks as if/though you are ill today.
今天你看上去好像是病了。
They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
他们不停地谈话，好像再也不会相见了。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as ________ it is going to rain.
(2)He looks at me as if I ________(be) a joker.
(3)They talked as if they ________(be) friends for years.
【答案】(1)if/though　(2)were　(3)had been　
2．(P50)Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it!　
全国几乎三分之一的地方均有震感！　
【句式剖析】
本句中的“one third of the whole nation”为“分数＋名词”构成的短语，在句中作主语。
【考点提炼】
“百分数/分数＋of＋名词/代词”构成的短语在句中作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of之后的名词或代词的单复数形式。
Three-fourths of the family’s income is from the non-farming work.
这一家庭收入的四分之三来源于非农业工作。
【特别提醒】
当percent作名词表示“百分之……”时，不论前面的数字是多少，percent都用单数形式。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)Only one third of the land ________(be) suitable to grow plants in this area.
(2)40 percent of the workers ________(be) married women; the rest are single.
(3)Twenty percent of the country ________ (be) covered by islands.
【答案】(1)is　(2)are　(3)is　
课后进阶专练
Ⅰ．单词拼写　
1．It gave us all quite a ________(震惊) to learn that he had married again.
2．Most people don’t realise that the air they ________ (/bri /) in has been polluted.
【答案】1．shock　2．breathe　
基础练
(建议用时：15分钟)
3．The windows of the old classroom were closed up with ________(/br ks/).
4．You should learn to guess the meaning of the words in the ________(语境).
【答案】3．bricks　4．context　
Ⅱ．单句语法填空　
1．The lift suddenly broke down and I ________(trap) inside.
2．The soldier died in the war and ________(bury) in the cemetery.
【答案】1．was trapped　2．was buried　
3．The earthquakes left the whole cities in ________(ruin).
4．Hearing the news that the town was flooded, Tim was ________ shock.
5．He took a deep ________(breathe), and began to climb the stairs.
【答案】3．ruins　4．in　5．breath　
6．Zhuge Liang is a man of great ________(wise) in Chinese history.
7．The signs of an economic ________(revive) are only just beginning.
8．There was a girl in his class who suffered ________ a serious back disease.
【答案】6．wisdom　7．revival　8．from　
9．We must make efforts ________(take) exercise for the benefit of our health.
10．Only one third of the students in our class ________(be) girls.
【答案】9．to take　10．are　
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．I was ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ last night.
我昨晚太兴奋了，睡不着觉。
2．______ ______ ______ the students in our class are interested in astronomy.
我们班三分之二的学生对天文学感兴趣。
【答案】1．too excited to fall asleep　2．Two thirds of　
3．______ ______ ______， she receives a warm welcome.
无论走到哪里，她都受到了热烈欢迎。
4．He behaved as if ______ ______ ______.
他表现得好像什么事情都没发生过一样。
5．This question ______ ______ ______ ______.
这个问题容易回答。
【答案】3．Everywhere/Wherever she goes　
4．nothing had happened　5．is easy to answer　
Ⅳ．微写作　
地震后，几乎所有的建筑物都严重受损(be badly destroyed)。世界好像(as if)到了末日(come to an end)。然而，人们对未来的希望并没有被毁(ruin)。无论朝哪里看，我们都能看到救援人员(rescue workers)工作的身影。他们救出了一些被困在(be trapped in)废墟中的人，并埋葬了(bury)死者。他们有时太忙而喝不上(too…to…)一口水。
__________________________________________________
One possible version：
After the earthquake, nearly all the buildings were badly destroyed. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. However, people’s hope for the future wasn’t ruined. Everywhere we looked, we could see rescue workers working. They saved some people who were trapped in the ruins, and buried the dead. Sometimes, they were too busy to drink any water.
Ⅰ．阅读理解　
Four of the World’s Natural Disasters　
(云南省昭通市2024—2025学年高一2月开学考)The following four natural disasters destroyed cities and communities around the world. By floods, typhoons, or earthquakes, these events have collectively taken millions of human lives.
提升练
(建议用时：25分钟)
The Yangtze River Flood　
The major flood of 1931 covered tens of thousands of square miles, flooding rice fields and many cities, including Nanjing and Wuhan. The flood affected more than 50 million people. Government organisations, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, estimated that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster.
Typhoon Nina　
Typhoon Nina struck Henan Province of China in August 1975．The typhoon caused a serious dam failure, and more than 150,000 people were dead or injured. According to reports, at least 26,000 people died in the floods. About 145,000 people died from diseases caused by water pollution and famine(饥荒). The number of people affected by the disaster was more than 10,000,000.
The Kashmir Earthquake　
On October 8, 2005, a disastrous earthquake struck the Kashmir region. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.6, followed by many aftershocks, landslides, and falling rocks. The seriousness of the damage and the high number of deaths were worsened by poor constructions in the affected areas. In Kashmir at least 79,000 people were killed, and more than 32,000 buildings fell down.
The Haiti Earthquake　
At the beginning of 2010, an earthquake hit Haiti. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.3 and was followed by aftershocks that registered magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.5．Another aftershock of 5.9 magnitude struck on January 20．There has been a debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200,000—300,000 people died. Hundreds of thousands more were forced to leave their homes.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上四次自然灾害的相关情况。
(　　)1．Which natural disaster caused the most deaths
A．The Yangtze River Flood.
B．Typhoon Nina.
C．The Kashmir Earthquake.
D．The Haiti Earthquake.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据The Yangtze River Flood部分中的“about 3.7 million people died in this disaster”，Typhoon Nina部分中的“at least 26,000 people died in the floods”，The Kashmir Earthquake部分中的“at least 79,000 people were killed”和The Haiti Earthquake部分中的“about 200,000—300,000 people died”可知，在四次自然灾害中，导致死亡人数最多的是长江洪灾。故选A项。
(　　)2．What made the situation in Kashmir more serious
A．The serious aftershocks.
B．The diseases after earthquakes.
C．The continuous falling rocks.
D．The low construction quality.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据The Kashmir Earthquake部分中的“The seriousness of the damage and the high number of deaths were worsened by poor constructions in the affected areas. ”可知，劣质的建筑物使得克什米尔的情况更严峻。故选D项。
(　　)3．What can we learn about the earthquake that hit Haiti
A．It only affected a small area in Haiti.
B．It happened in the hottest season.
C．It had a debatable death number.
D．It happened once and for all.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据The Haiti Earthquake部分中的“There has been a debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake”可知，发生在海地的这次地震造成的死亡人数一直存在争议。故选C项。
Ⅱ．七选五　
Earthquakes are one type of natural disasters you simply can’t see coming. Earthquake preparation is the best way to deal with a confusing time. Here’s something you need to know about how to prepare for an earthquake.
Examine weak points in your home and make a plan to strengthen them. Protect your space or your home by finding out dangers and fixing moveable things. __1__ Push top-heavy pieces such as bookshelves away from beds or sofas, and move the heavier things onto lower shelves.
Create an earthquake safety plan with your family. It’s key to create and practise an emergency plan with your family so that everyone knows what to do during a time of an earthquake. Talk about ways each family member can act as a team. __2__
__3__ It may be under a strong piece of furniture which can protect you from falling objects or against any inside wall away from windows, bookshelves, or tall furniture that could fall on you.
Learn earthquake emergency plans at your workplace, children’s school or daycare centre. Disaster can strike at any moment. __4__ It’s also wise to make a note of how you plan to communicate with each other and how to let loved ones know you’re safe. Remember that cell phones may be unreliable(不可靠的) after an earthquake.
__5__ Earthquakes usually last around one minute, but if the damage is big enough, you could be trapped for a much longer period of time. You should have a bag containing medical equipment, food, water, flashlights and so on.
A．Prepare an emergency bag.
B．Prepare for more damage and danger.
C．Pick safe spaces in every room to take shelter in.
D．The shaking ground could move almost anything.
E．It can help reduce fears, especially in young children.
F．The preparation depends on a well-practised plan and ready supplies.
G．So it is necessary to learn how to prepare for an earthquake in any environment.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了如何为家庭制定地震防范应急计划。
1．D　上文中的“Protect your space or your home by finding out dangers and fixing moveable things. ”提到通过找出危险或固定可移动的东西来保护你的空间或家；下文中的“… move the heavier things onto lower shelves. ”提到把重的东西放在地上。D项“震动的地面几乎可以移动任何东西。”承上启下，符合语境。故选D项。
2．E　根据上文中的“Create an earthquake safety plan with your family… Talk about ways each family member can act as a team. ”可知，空格处位于段尾，应该对上文内容进行总结。E项“它可以帮助减少恐惧，尤其是对年幼的孩子。”承接上文，符合语境。故选E项。
3．C　根据下文中的“It may be under a strong piece of furniture which can protect you from…tall furniture that could fall on you. ”可知，本段主要讲述家里可以躲藏的地方。C项“在每个房间里挑一个安全的地方躲起来。”能概括本段内容。故选C项。
4．G　根据上文中的“Disaster can strike at any moment. ”可知，灾难可能随时降临。G项“因此，有必要学习如何在任何环境下为地震做准备。”承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。
5．A　根据下文中的“…You should have a bag containing medical equipment, food, water, flashlights and so on. ”可知，本段主要讲述为地震灾害准备应急的袋子。A项“准备一个应急包。”能概括本段内容。故选A项。
Ⅲ．语法填空　
(陕西省渭南市2024—2025学年高一上学期第一次教学质量检测)I didn’t sleep well for several days, worrying about the wildfires in several parts of Chongqing, my hometown. Like most people from Chongqing, I felt I must help stop the fires spreading, especially after I smelt heavy smoke in my house 1.________ the evening of August 21st.
The smoke was believed to be from a wildfire 2.________ broke out in nearby Banan area in the afternoon that day. That night, 3.________ large fire appeared in the mountains in Beibei area, 40 kilometres from my home.
Clearly, the powerful fire was getting very close. Although forest firefighting forces from three provinces arrived, our government needed 4.________(much) help from the public. And volunteers 5.________(call) on to go to different fire sites around the city.
Many people 6.________(glad) went to offer help. Many gave away all kinds of things 7.________(need) for the fight against wildfires. They took them to collection points, without giving their names. 8.________(hundred) of people with skills and experience signed up as volunteers.
I asked myself 9.________ I could do. I am a middle-aged woman without much strength. I cannot ride a motorcycle, and don’t have any medical 10.________(skill). I decided to do everything I could to help the hard-working volunteers, which included taking them cold fruit tea.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了重庆多地发生山火后，政府号召公众提供更多帮助。许多人自愿参与救火，作者也决定尽己所能帮助志愿者。
1．on　考查介词。根据空格后的“the evening of August 21st”可知，此处指8月21日的晚上，应用介词on。故填on。
2．which/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，其先行词a wildfire指物且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
3．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指一场大火，应用不定冠词。large以辅音音素开头。故填a。
4．more　考查形容词的比较级。此处修饰名词help，应用形容词。再结合语境可知，此处表示“尽管来自三个省的森林消防力量都到了，但是政府还需要更多来自公众的帮助”，应用形容词的比较级形式。故填more。
5．were called　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空格处作谓语，动词call和主语volunteers为动宾关系，应用被动语态。再根据上文内容可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were called。
6．gladly　考查副词。此处修饰动词短语went to offer help，应用副词作状语。故填gladly。
7．needed　考查动词的-ed形式。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子已有谓语gave away，故用非谓语动词形式。动词need与其逻辑主语all kinds of things 为动宾关系，应用动词的-ed形式作后置定语。故填needed。
8．Hundreds　考查数词。此处考查固定短语hundreds of，意为“数以百计的”。此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Hundreds。
9．what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“我能够做的事情”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
10．skills　考查名词。根据空格前的“don’t have any medical”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式作宾语。故填skills。(共76张PPT)
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
复习that，which, who(whom)引导的定语从句，学习并掌握运用whose引导的定语从句；能够运用关系代词引导的定语从句描述事物的具体信息；　
阅读描述重大灾害的纪实性报告文学语篇，掌握该类语篇的语言特征和叙事要点，能分析阅读语篇的文本结构；　
了解新闻播报应包含的基本要素和语言特征。
【素养提升】
能简要模仿新闻播报，报道突发的自然灾害；　
能运用指令性语言，介绍应对各种自然灾害的准备工作和应对措施；　
能为重大新闻事件的专题报道编写摘要。
Period One　Listening and Speaking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意　
A．(使)滑行；滑动　
B．洪水；大量；淹没；大量涌入；使灌满水　
C．营救；救援　
D．损害；破坏；损坏；损失　
E．避难处；居所；庇护；保护；掩蔽；躲避(风雨或危险)
1．The fireman rescued the little boy from the fire. (　　)
2．The car was badly damaged after hitting the tree. (　　)
3．Someone used branches to make a shelter in the woods. (　　)
4．The coastal city was submerged by the flood. (　　)
5．You can slide on the screen to unlock your phone. (　　)
【答案】1－5　CDEBA　
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写　
1．dry v．& adj. →________　n．旱灾；久旱　
2．die v．→________　n．死；死亡　
3．effect n．→________　vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动　
【答案】1．drought　2．death　3．affect　
Ⅲ．预备话题素材　
1．Millions of homes ______ _______ in the wildfire. (毁坏)
2．Make a safety list of what to do, where to go and who to contact during a ________ ________.(自然灾害)
3．A huge earthquake ________ this area yesterday afternoon. (袭击了)
【答案】1．were destroyed　2．natural disaster　
3．hit/struck　
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．flood n. 洪水；大量　vi. 淹没；大量涌入　
vt. 使灌满水；淹没　
(P48)Where are the floods
洪水在哪里
【用法详解】
We had an informal party at a hotel, and people just flooded in.
我们在宾馆举行了一个非正式的晚会，人们蜂拥而至。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)I was walking by the field in the countryside when memories of my childhood began ________(flood) in.
(2)There were a flood of ________ (question) from the students after class.
【答案】(1)to flood　(2)questions　
完成句子
(3)Fans ________ ________ the stadium to watch the exciting football match last week.
上周，粉丝们涌入体育场观看这场激动人心的足球比赛。
(4)The small town ________ ________ ________ tourists during the holiday season.
这个小镇在假期里挤满了游客。
【答案】(3)flooded into/in　(4)was flooded with　
2．rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援　
(P48)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area
救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么
【用法详解】
(1)come to one’s rescue＝rescue sb　援救某人　
(2)rescue…from…把……从……营救出来　
In face of the disaster, people united to rescue the trapped people.
在灾难面前，人们团结起来营救被困群众。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)The mother，along with her two children, __________ (rescue) from the sinking boat the other day.
【答案】(1)was rescued　
完成句子
(2)When I was lost in the forest, a kind stranger ________ ________ ________ ________.
当我在森林里迷路时，一个善良的陌生人来救了我。
(3)We should try our best ________ ________ these animals ________ extinction.
我们应该尽最大努力把这些动物从灭绝的危险中拯救出来。
【答案】(2)came to my rescue　(3)to rescue; from　
3．damage vt. 损害；破坏　n．损坏；损失　
(P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seoul
首尔哪些建筑被毁了
【用法详解】
(1)cause/do damage to…对……造成损害　
(2)damage one’s health 损害某人的健康　
There is no denying that our earth is suffering severe damage.
不可否认，我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)The drought has done great damage ________ the crops.
(2)They are repairing the houses which __________(damage) in the flood.
【答案】(1)to　(2)were damaged　
完成句子
(3)This severe bout of illness has _______ ________ _______ ________ his health.
这场大病严重损伤了他的体力。
【答案】(3)done/caused serious damage to　
4．affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动　
(P49)82 killed, 500,000 affected　
82人死亡，50万人受影响　
【用法详解】
(1)be affected by 受……影响　
be affected with＋疾病 患有……疾病　
affect to 假装；伪装　
(2)effect n．作用；影响　
have an effect on/upon…对……产生影响　
We are profoundly affected by what happens to us in childhood.
童年发生的事深深地影响着我们。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)________(affect) by the moving story, he began to cry.
(2)When asked whether the injury ________(affect) his shooting, Iverson said, “Not at all. ”　
【答案】(1)Affected　(2)affected　
完成句子
(3)A large body of people will ________ ________ ________ the tax cuts.
将有一大批人受到减税的影响。
(4)Wet weather ______ ______ ______ _______ my mood.
潮湿天气影响我的心情。
【答案】(3)be affected by　(4)has an effect on/upon　
5．shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护vt. 保护；掩蔽vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
(P49) Shelters set up by the government　
政府建立的避难处　
【用法详解】
(1)take shelter from…躲避……　
shelter…from…保护……不受……　
shelter from…躲避……　
(2)sheltered adj. 受保护的；掩蔽的　
The first thing he did was to seek shelter from the freezing wind and snow.
他做的第一件事就是躲避寒冷的风雪。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)Although horses do not generally mind the cold, shelter ________ rain and wind is important.
(2)My mother, who had a ________(shelter) upbringing, has fantastic memories of childhood.
【答案】(1)from　(2)sheltered　
完成句子
(3)We reached a little hut, where we ________ ________ ________ the rain.
我们来到一个小茅屋，我们在那里躲避了雨。
(4)The beach umbrella ________ ________ ________ the strong sunlight.
那把沙滩伞为我们遮挡了强烈的阳光。
【答案】(3)took shelter from　(4)sheltered us from　
语 音 时 空
□辅音
一、概念　
辅音又叫子音，是指气流在口腔或咽头受到阻碍而形成的音。按照发音时声带是否振动，可分为清辅音(发音时声带不振动)和浊辅音(发音时声带振动)。
二、清辅音和浊辅音
清辅音 例词 浊辅音 例词
/p/ pig, paper /b/ bus, book
/t/ tooth, type /d/ desk, dish
/k/ picture, music，coat, chemistry /ɡ/ goose, give
/f/ enough，effect /v/ survive, vase
/s/ decide, sit /z/ zoo, close
清辅音 例词 浊辅音 例词
/θ/ thin, thirty，method, three / / with, these，weather
/ / machine, shelter / / pleasure, usual
/t / much, rich，teacher, China /d / bridge, jump
/tr/ tree /dr/ drive
/ts/ bats, boots /dz/ beds
/h/ hand, head, house, whose 三、单词结尾为字母ed的发音归类
发音 例词
/t/ finished, stressed, reached, focused, hiked, stopped
/d/ damaged, borrowed, challenged, planned, welcomed, answered
/ d/ needed, counted, affected, attracted, pretended, started
课后进阶专练
Ⅰ．将单词和合适的释义进行匹配　
基础练
(建议用时：6分钟)
1．shelter(　　) A．a long period when there is little or no rain　
2．tornado(　　) B．to move people from a dangerous place to a safe place　
3．evacuate(　　) C．a violent storm with very strong winds which move in a circle　
4．landslide(　　) D．a mass of rock and earth moving suddenly and quickly down the slope of a mountain or a cliff　
5．drought(　　) E．a place which is made to protect people from bad weather or danger　
【答案】1－4 ECBD　5－7 AGF　
6．tsunami(　　) F．an aircraft that can fly straight up from the ground and can also stay in one position in the air　
7．helicopter(　　) G．a very large wave in the sea, often caused by an earthquake, that flows onto the land and destroys things
Ⅱ．单句语法填空　
1．With the government’s aid, those ________(affect) by the earthquake have moved for the new settlements.
2．Earthquake is one of the worst natural ________(disaster) causing people’s lives and property loss.
3．Many areas of Africa have suffered severe ________(dry) this year.
【答案】1．affected　2．disasters　3．drought　
4．As soon as we opened the door, hundreds of people ________(flood) in.
5．It is said that his ________(die) was caused by his drunk-driving.
6．The hurricane left a trail of ________(destroy) behind it.
7．Dalian University ________(set) up in 1987.
【答案】4．flooded　5．death　6．destruction　
7．was set　
8．These plants must be sheltered ________ direct sunlight.
9．She set her glass down and ________(slide) farther under the covers.
10．The palace, which ________(damage) by bombs in World War Ⅱ， still stood.
【答案】8．from　9．slid　10．was damaged　
Ⅰ．阅读理解　
Stages of Hurricane: Simple Storms Grow into Giants　
A storm progresses through four different stages before it is actually considered a hurricane. First is a tropical disturbance(热带扰动), which has thunderstorms and rotating(旋转的) winds.
提升练
(建议用时：16分钟)
Next is a tropical depression(热带低气压), which is similar to a tropical disturbance, but has winds between 23 and 39 miles per hour. A tropical storm is the next level, which has stronger wind speeds between 40 and 73 miles per hour. Once winds reach 74 miles per hour, the storm is officially called a hurricane. The wind picks up energy from the warm surface of ocean water.
As a hurricane crosses over land, it begins to become weaker or break apart and reduce in strength. This is because it is no longer over the warm ocean water that it needs for energy. At this point, a hurricane can still cause a lot of damage because of high winds, rain, and flooding. But unless it makes its way back over the open ocean, it is downgraded from a hurricane back to a tropical storm.
What’s your name, hurricane？Hurricanes and tropical storms are given names to help people recognise them. Scientists refer to hurricanes and storms by name as they track them across the ocean.
Before 1953, hurricanes were not given official names. From 1953 through 1978, hurricanes were only given female names, like Isabel, Camille，Claudette, and Wilma. Beginning in 1979, hurricanes were given the names of both women and men. Today, the names alternate male and female, and they are named in order of letters.
For example, in 2010, storms were named as follows: Alex (male), Bonnie(female), Colin (male), Danielle(female), Earl(male) and so on.
There are six different lists of names that change, so the same names are used every six years. The only way that a new name is added is when a hurricane has been particularly deadly or costly and the name is retired, then replaced with a new one.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飓风的四个阶段及其命名方式。
(　　)1．What happens when a hurricane crosses over land
A．It breaks apart and forms tornadoes.
B．It returns to the ocean afterwards.
C．It moves more quickly.
D．It becomes less powerful.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As a hurricane crosses over land, it begins to become weaker or break apart and reduce in strength. ”可知，当飓风登陆陆地时，它开始变得更弱，力量也会减少。故选D项。
(　　)2．The underlined word “alternate” in Paragraph 4 means “________”.
A．take turns between　 B．carry on　
C．come from　 D．cause trouble to　
【答案】A　
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Beginning in 1979, hurricanes were given the names of both women and men. Today, the names alternate male and female, and they are named in order of letters. ”可知，从1979年开始，飓风的名字被赋予了不同的性别，并且是按照字母顺序依次选取男性名和女性名的。由此推知，画线词alternate意为“依次选取”，与take turns between意义一致。故选A项。
(　　)3．What do we know about the hurricanes
A．Six common hurricane names are often used.
B．An old name will be replaced every year.
C．Most of them are deadly and costly.
D．They didn’t have official names until 1953.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Before 1953, hurricanes were not given official names. ”可知，飓风直到1953年才有官方的名字。故选D项。
Ⅱ．完形填空　
(江西省九江市2024—2025学年高一上学期期末考)Flooding was fairly usual for a Queensland summer. This time, however, there had been a lot of rain and flash flooding further north which __1__ ran down to the river.
My younger brother was getting __2__ and thought we should evacuate. We spent hours trying to __3__ him down. The water had never gotten to less than 1 to 2 metres away from our street level. After a few more __4__， the water levels were getting much higher than we’d seen before and we thought it best if we moved our cars to the higher __5__ just in case it got to the street level. Later, we __6__ a lot of furniture and electronics upstairs.
Finally, we decided to __7__. The water was getting close to the street level, which only meant another foot from __8__ our bottom floor. We left to spend the __9__ with my cousin who lived in a neighbourhood close by. We heard that the water had __10__ further, but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn’t see anything from our cousin’s house.
The __11__ moment was when we finally got to see our house. There is a high school behind our house, which __12__ at the base of this large hill, with an elevated sports oval(高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house. The water at its __13__ was about 2 inches from being level with the oval. We __14__ it to survey our house. Seeing water lapping(轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable __15__ I had ever seen.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在洪水期间的经历。
(　　)1．A．fast B．slowly
C．actually D．eventually
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“there had been a lot of rain and flash flooding further north…”和空格后的“ran down to the river”可知，洪水最终流到了河里。故选D项。
(　　)2．A．excited B．nervous
C．curious D．disappointed
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“and thought we should evacuate. We spent hours trying to __3__ him down. ”可推知，作者的弟弟很紧张。故选B项。
(　　)3．A．turn B．lay
C．calm D．break
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文内容和语境可知，作者一家人在努力让弟弟平静下来。故选C项。
(　　)4．A．hours B．degree
C．metres D．days
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据语境和常识可知，几个小时后，水位比作者一家人之前看到的高很多。故选A项。
(　　)5．A．level B．ground
C．speed D．house
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“the water levels were getting much higher than we’d seen before”和常识可推知，作者一家人把车开到更高的地方。故选B项。
(　　)6．A．made B．sold
C．covered D．moved
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“a lot of furniture and electronics upstairs”和语境可知，作者一家人把很多家具和电子设备搬到楼上。故选D项。
(　　)7．A．swim B．separate
C．leave D．stay
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“We left to spend the __9__ with my cousin”可知，作者一家人最终决定离开。故选C项。
(　　)8．A．reaching B．flooding
C．entering D．destroying
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“The water was getting close to the street level…”可知，洪水快淹到作者一家人的房子的底层。故选A项。
(　　)9．A．weekend B．money
C．holiday D．night
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn’t see anything from our cousin’s house”可知，作者一家人去表弟家过夜。故选D项。
(　　)10．A．fallen B．run
C．risen D．washed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“The water was getting close to the…our bottom floor. ”可推知，洪水位又上涨了。故选C项。
(　　)11．A．funniest B．scariest
C．strangest D．greatest
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“Seeing water lapping(轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house”可知，作者一家人看到他们的房子时是最可怕的时刻。故选B项。
(　　)12．A．lies B．operates
C．keeps D．spreads
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“at the base of this large hill…”可知，此处指一所高中坐落在他们房子的后面。故选A项。
(　　)13．A．height B．length
C．depth D．width
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“about 2 inches from being level with the oval”可知，此处指水的高度与椭圆形体育场的水平面相距约两英寸。故选A项。
(　　)14．A．stood by B．waved at
C．looked over D．walked across
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据上文中的“There is a high school behind our house…right behind our house. ”和语境可知，作者一家人穿过体育场去看房子。故选D项。
(　　)15．A．flood B．building
C．view D．sport
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“Seeing water lapping(轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house”可知，此处指作者看到的景象。故选C项。(共104张PPT)
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period Four　Reading for Writing
& Building Up Your Vocabulary
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意　
A．递送；传达；发表　
B．碰撞；撞击；撞车　
C．海浪；波浪；挥手；招手　
1．There is a huge crash on the highway. (　　)
2．The waves are very big in this part of the sea. (　　)
3．The man delivers the packages to the woman. (　　)
【答案】1－3　BCA　
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写　
1．long adj. →________　n．长；长度　
(参考：strong adj. →strength n．)
2．affect v．→________　n．影响；结果；效果　
3．summarise v．→________　n．总结；概括；概要　
【答案】1．length　2．effect　3．summary　
Ⅲ．预备写作素材　
1．The most powerful earthquake ________ ________ ________， killing thousands of people. (导致海啸)
【答案】1．caused a tsunami　
2．The city was ________ ________ and nearly destroyed. (受到很大影响)
3．With the strong support of the government and ________ ________ of the people, a new city was built. (不懈的努力)
【答案】 2．greatly affected　3．tireless efforts　
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．wave n．海浪；波浪　vi. & vt. 挥手；招手　
(P54)Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车被震级达到9.0的强烈地震所引起的巨浪冲走了。
【用法详解】
wave to/at sb＝give sb a wave 向某人挥手　
wave sb off＝wave goodbye to sb 向某人挥手告别　
wave sth aside/away对……置之不理；不理会　
wave sth/sb down对(汽车或司机)挥手示意停下；挥手叫停　
Huge waves are breaking on the shore.
巨浪拍打着海岸。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)She always waves ________ her friends when she sees them on the street.
(2)We waved our visitors ________ at the airport and wished them a safe trip.
(3)The policeman waved the divers ________ so that the children could cross the road safely.
【答案】(1)to/at　(2)off　(3)down　
完成句子
(4)He ________ a friendly ________ ________ the neighbour across the fence.
他隔着篱笆向邻居友好地挥了挥手。
【答案】(4)gave; wave to　
2．sweep vt. & vi. 打扫；清扫　
(P54)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车被震级达到9.0的强烈地震所引起的巨浪冲走了。
【用法详解】
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除　
sweep up 大扫除；收拾干净　
sweep out 清除；扫除　
sweep out of 傲慢地走出……；大模大样地离开　
sweep aside放到一边；不予理会　
An icy wind swept through the streets.
一阵寒风扫过那些街道。
【用法详解】
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1) He rushed to greet her, ________(sweep) his arms wide.
(2)They decided to sweep ________ the old files to make room for new ones.
【答案】(1)sweeping　(2)out　
完成句子
(3)Any doubts had long since been ________ ________.
一切怀疑早已完全消除。
(4)Without another word she ________ ________ ________ the room.
她再没说话，大模大样地走出了房间。
【答案】(3)swept away　(4)swept out of　
3．strike vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打　
n．罢工；罢课；袭击　
(P54)The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a. m. , Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.
周日上午7点左右，印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸发生了海底地震。
【用法详解】
A good idea struck the manager.
经理想到了一个好主意。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)The workers are ________ strike to ask for higher pay.
(2)I was struck ________ the kindness and warmth of the people there.
(3)She was a ________(strike) woman with long blonde hair.
【答案】(1)on　(2)by　(4)striking　
完成句子
(4)________ ________ ________ ________ they could use different approaches to solve the problem.
她突然想到他们可以用不同的方法来解决这个问题。
【答案】(4)It struck her that　
4．deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表　
(P54)However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
然而，危机四伏的环境和道路受损会让运输食物和日用品变得困难。
【用法详解】
(1)deliverable adj. 可以传送的；可交付使用的　
delivery n．[贸易] 交付；分娩；递送　
deliverance n．释放；解救；救助；判决　
deliverer n．拯救者；交付者；投递者　
Did you deliver my message to my mother
你把我的信息传给我母亲了吗
(2)deliver the goods 交货；履行诺言　
deliver a speech 发表演讲；发表讲话　
deliver up 交出；放弃　
deliver from 从……处释放出来　
deliver…to… 把……传给……　
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)There was a problem with the ________(deliver), so the package arrived late.
(2)She thanked the ________(deliver)for bringing her groceries on time.
(3)Technology has delivered us _____ many household chores.
【答案】(1)delivery　(2)deliverer　(3)from　
完成句子
(4)Please ________ ________ ________ at your earliest convenience ________ every household.
请尽快将货物送到各家各户。
【答案】(4)deliver the goods; to　
5．effect n．影响；结果；效果　
(P55)effect　
影响　
【用法详解】
The suggestions were adopted and would be brought/put/ carried into effect.
这些建议得到了采纳并将被付诸实施。
In effect, that should kill two birds with one stone.
事实上，那样会有一石二鸟的效果。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)The new rules should be put ________ effect as soon as possible.
(2)The government has taken ________(effect) measures to protect the wetlands.
【答案】(1)into　(2)effective　
完成句子
(3)Exercising regularly ________ a positive _______ _______ your overall health.
定期锻炼对你的整体健康有积极影响。
(4)The special offer will ________ ________ ________ this Friday.
这个特价优惠将于本周五生效。
【答案】(3)has; effect on/upon　(4)come/go into effect　
◇句式解读
(P54)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我正和三个孩子在一起吃早餐，这时水开始灌入我家。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“was having…when…”为“sb was/were doing… when…” 句型，意为“某人正在做某事，这时……”，其中when为并列连词，意为“正在这时/那时”，相当于短语“and at that time”。
【考点提炼】
when作并列连词还用于下列句型中：
(1)sb was/were about to do sth when…　
＝sb was/were on the point of doing sth when…　
某人正要做某事，这时……　
(2)sb had (just) done sth when…　
某人刚做完某事，这时…… 　
He was on the point of saying something when the phone rang.
他正要说话时，电话铃响了。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空　
(1)He was about ________(raise) his hand when class was over.
(2)He had just sent an email to his pen pal on the Internet ________ his computer broke down.
【答案】(1)to raise　(2)when　
完成句子
(3)We ________ ________ ________ ________ when the lights went off.
我们正在做作业，这时灯突然灭了。
【答案】(3)were doing our homework　
课后进阶专练
Ⅰ．单词拼写　
1．His elder son was killed in a car ________(撞车) a few years ago.
2．I picked up the paper and ________(打扫) the floor.
3．It is reported that the________(海浪) are big today.
【答案】1．crash　2．swept　3．waves　
基础练
(建议用时：10分钟)
4．The ________(长度) of the bridge is 200 metres.
5．I’ll order a special messenger to ________(递送) the document.
6．Please send a speaker from your group to make a ________ (总结) of your discussion.
【答案】4．length　5．deliver　6．summary　
Ⅱ．选出strike在句中的含义　
①(雷电、暴风雨或疾病等)袭击；侵袭　②击打，敲打　
③撞击　④突然想到(想法)　⑤(钟等)敲响报时　
⑥划(火柴)　⑦给某人……印象　⑧罢工　
1．Wilde fell and struck his head on the stone floor. (　　)
2．His house was struck by lightning last night. (　　)
【答案】1．③　2．①　
3．Strike while the iron is hot. (　　)
4．The ceremony started as the chimes(钟声) of midnight struck． (　　)
5．She strikes me as a very efficient person. (　　)
【答案】3．②　4．⑤　5．⑦　
6．The matches were damp and he couldn’t make them strike． (　　)
7．Three-quarters of the country’s workers took part in the strike． (　　)
8．A good idea struck the manager. (　　)
【答案】6．⑥　7．⑧　8．④　
Ⅲ．短语填空　
sweep away, be missing, carry out, out of gratitude, give up, a series of, in all directions　
1．Once you make a plan, you must ________ it ________ to achieve your goals.
2．You must do something to ________ the misunderstanding between you and your friend.
【答案】1．carry; out　2．sweep away　
3．________， he wrote a thank-you letter to me.
4．She counted the ducks and found that one ________.
5．The students have put forward ________ questions in class.
6．At the sound of the gun, the birds there flew away ______.
7．No matter how difficult the problem is, I will never _____.
【答案】3．Out of gratitude　4．was missing　
5．a series of　6．in all directions　7．give up　
Ⅳ．完成句子
1．The glass broken by my younger son has been ________ ________.
被我小儿子打破的玻璃已经被清扫了。
【答案】1．swept away　
2．The rescue team ________ ________ ________ look for the victims last week.
上周救援队努力搜救遇难者。
3．We need to ________ ________ ________ details.
我们需要注意细节。
【答案】2．made efforts to　3．pay attention to　
Ⅰ．阅读理解　
(山东省济宁市2024—2025学年高一上学期期中考)Once upon a time in the small coastal town of Havenbrook, life was peaceful and happy. The town’s residents(居民) enjoyed the beauty of the ocean and the quiet of their homes. However, one fateful day, their peaceful lives were turned upside down by a destructive natural disaster.
提升练
(建议用时：20分钟)
The morning started like any other. The sun rose, casting its golden rays over the town. People woke up, prepared for their daily routines, and went about their business. Little did they know that a storm was brewing far out in the ocean. As the day progressed, the sky began to darken, and the wind started to pick up. By afternoon, Havenbrook was in the control of a powerful hurricane.
The hurricane’s fierce winds tore through the town, cutting roofs into pieces and overturning trees. The ocean, whipped into a frenzy by the storm, washed in huge waves into the town, flooding streets and homes. Residents, caught unprepared, hurried to find shelter. Many were trapped in their homes, waiting in terror as the waters rose higher and higher. It seemed as if the world were at an end.
The town’s emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger. They used boats to navigate through the flooded streets and mothered people to safety. However, the storm was so powerful that even their efforts were limited. Many homes were completely destroyed, and lives were lost. The once-thriving town was now a scene of ruin and despair(绝望).
After the hurricane, Havenbrook’s residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their lives. They worked together, pooling their resources and skills, to rebuild their homes and community. Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to speed up the recovery(恢复) process. Slowly but surely, Havenbrook began to rise from the ashes.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了海边小镇Havenbrook遭遇飓风灾害，居民们在灾害前后的生活以及他们灾后重建的故事。
(　　)1．What can we know from the first two paragraphs
A．The residents sensed the coming storm.
B．The residents were unprepared for daily life.
C．The residents often experienced natural disasters.
D．The residents led a peaceful life before the disaster.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“…However, one fateful day, their peaceful lives were turned upside down by a destructive natural disaster. ”可知，灾难来临前居民们过着平静的生活。故选D项。
(　　)2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．The residents started rescue work.
B．The residents left their homes hopefully.
C．The hurricane arrived without any warning.
D．The hurricane caused severe damage and fear.
【答案】D
【解析】段落大意题。通读第三段“The hurricane’s fierce winds tore through the town，cutting roofs into pieces and overturning trees… It seemed as if the world were at an end. ”可知，第三段主要讲述了飓风给小镇带来的严重破坏和居民们的恐惧。故选D项。
(　　)3．How did the town’s emergency services respond to the disaster
A．They sent people to safety using boats.
B．They ignored the situation and did nothing.
C．They waited for the storm to pass before taking any action.
D．They were unable to reach the affected areas due to the storm.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The town’s emergency services…used boats to navigate through the flooded streets and mothered people to safety. ”可知，小镇的紧急服务人员使用船只将人们护送到安全地带。故选A项。
(　　)4．What does the underlined word “arduous” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Tough. 　B．Merry.
C．Effortless. 　D．Annoying.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词下文中的“They worked together… to speed up the recovery(恢复) process. ”可知，他们共同努力，集中资源和技能重建家园和社区。来自镇外的资源源源不断，志愿者和捐款帮助加快了恢复进程。由此推知，画线词arduous意为“艰难的”，与tough意义一致。故选A项。
Ⅱ．完形填空　
The city was in ruins after the disaster. I had no choice but to walk home as all the __ 1__ had stopped as a result of the flood. On my way home I __ 2__ an old lady giving out free bread，which made my heart__3__.
My friend，who wanted to be__4__ to others, stood in the cold with a sign “If you don’t __5__ a motorcycle, I’ll be glad to drive you home. ”　
The next day I drove to have my car __6__. There was not enough __7__ now and many gas stations were either closed or had very __8__ lines because of the damage of pipes. I got worried，since I was behind fifteen cars. Finally, when my __9__ came, the man smiled and said，“We are only giving $30 worth of gas per person. Is that alright？” “Of course. It’s nice that we are all able to __10__，” I said. I was affected by his smile.
At the escape centre I saw a man __ 11__ when people brought food to him. It was the first time in three days that he had got food supplies. __12__， after he cleaned up the tears, his next words surprised me. “I am very __13__that we are provided with food. But people in the city next to us haven’t __14__ any food at all. Please go to that centre as well. ” Hearing that, I realised there was a bright future on the other side of this __15__.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者所生活的城市遭受洪水灾害后，很多人的无私援助让作者感受到了温暖，而且一些难民的举动也让作者感到了城市的光明前景的故事。
(　　)1．A．life B．business　
C．rescue D．traffic　
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“I had no choice but to walk home”可知，洪水使得交通瘫痪，作者只能步行回家。故选D项。
(　　)2．A．noticed B．missed　
C．ignored D．caught　
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“an old lady giving out free bread”和语境可知，作者在回家的路上注意到一位老太太在给大家分发免费的面包。故选A项。
(　　)3．A．kind B．broken　
C．warm D．empty　
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“an old lady giving out free bread”可知，老太太给大家分发免费面包的场景使作者感到温暖。故选C项。
(　　)4．A．grateful B．helpful　
C．unique D．familiar　
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“I’ll be glad to drive you home”可推知，作者的朋友希望能够对别人有所帮助。故选B项。
(　　)5．A．buy B．care　
C．matter D．mind　
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“I’ll be glad to drive you home. ”和语境可知，此处指如果对方不介意摩托车，作者的朋友就乐意送对方回家。故选D项。
(　　)6．A．used up B．taken up　
C．filled up D．washed away　
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据下文中的“gas stations”可推知，作者开车去加油站给汽车加油。故选C项。
(　　)7．A．gas B．information　
C．food D．water　
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“many gas stations were either closed… the damage of pipes”可推知，作者的车现在没有足够的汽油了。故选A项。
(　　)8．A．direct B．fine　
C．long D．thin　
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“because of the damage of pipes”和常识可推知，因为管道损坏，很多加油站不是关门就是有很长的队伍。故选C项。
(　　)9．A．time B．turn　
C．duty D．decision　
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“I was behind fifteen cars”和语境可知，此处指轮到作者的车加油了。故选B项。
(　　)10．A．share B．offer　
C．learn D．choose　
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“We are only giving $30 worth of gas per person. ”和语境可推知，此处指大家分享汽油是很好的。故选A项。
(　　)11．A．crying B．eating　
C．smiling D．singing　
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“after he cleaned up the tears”可知，那个男人因为人们给他带来食物而哭了。故选A项。
(　　)12．A．Besides B．Still　
C．However D．Instead　
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“It was the first time…he had got food supplies. ”可知，这是他三天里第一次获得食物供给。再根据下文中的“…his next words surprised me. ”可知，他接下来的话使作者感到惊讶。空格前后内容存在转折关系，应用副词However。故选C项。
(　　)13．A．sure B．thankful　
C．surprised D．proud　
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“we are provided with food”可知，这个男人非常感激大家提供给他的食物。故选B项。
(　　)14．A．bought B．wasted　
C．prepared D．received　
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“Please go to that centre as well. ”可推知，隔壁城市的人们还没有收到任何食物。故选D项。
(　　)15．A．disaster B．chance　
C．city D．centre　
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据第一段中的“The city was in ruins”和语境可知，作者感到这个城市会有光明的未来。故选C项。
写作高效提升
◎话题佳句
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after graduation.
根据最近的一项调查，大约78.9%的大学生想毕业后继续深造。
2．Thanks to Project Hope, great changes have taken place in this western country school.
多亏了希望工程，西部的这所乡村学校发生了巨大的变化。
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
3．To solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
为了解决这个问题，(我们)应该采取一些措施。
4．The number of the injured in the accident has reached more than 12.
这场事故中受伤的人数已经超过12人。
【回味无穷的结尾句】
5．I suggest that the government should do something more to solve the serious problems.
我建议政府应该做更多的事情来解决这些严重的问题。
6．We have every reason to believe that the development will be a great success.
我们完全有理由相信这次发展会很成功。
◎写作范例
【写作任务】
10月25日，你校学生会组织了为某地震灾区捐款的活动。同学们踊跃参加，共筹得善款35 000元。假如你是校英语报的记者李华，请按以下要点用英语写一则新闻报道。内容包括：
1．时间、地点、任务、活动；　
2．同学们的反应。
注意：
1．词数80左右；　
2．报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计入总词数)；　
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Students Donate Money to Disaster Area　
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua，
School Newspaper　
【写作指导】
主题 为灾区捐款 体裁 新闻报道
人称 第一、第三人称 时态 一般过去时
布局 第一段：活动简介　 第二段：活动背景及活动过程　 第三段：心得感受 【遣词造句】
Ⅰ．用本单元所学单词或短语填空　
1．________ n．灾难　
2．________ n．地震　
3．________ v．侵袭　
4．________ v．破坏；消灭；毁坏　
5．________ 许多；大量的　
Keys：1．disaster　2．earthquake　3．strike　4．destroy　5．a great number of　
Ⅱ．本单元语块、语法运用　
1．完成句子
(1)10月25日，我们学校学生会举办了为受灾地区捐款活动。
On October 25, the Students’ Union in our school held an activity ________ ________ ________ to the disaster area.
Keys：(1)to donate money　
(2)众所周知，昨天一场大地震侵袭了这个地区。一些房屋被毁。
As we know, a big earthquake ________ this area yesterday. And some houses ________ ________.
Keys：(2)struck；were destroyed　
(3)因此，为了向灾民表示我们的关心，我们学校的许多学生参加了在图书馆举行的捐赠活动。
Therefore, to show our concern to the victims, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in our school took part in the donation activity which was held in our library.
Keys：(3)a great number of students　
2．句式升级　
(4)将句(1)升级为含有被动语态的句子　
_______________________________________________
Keys：(4)On October 25, an activity was held by the Students’ Union in our school to donate money to the disaster area.
(5)将句(2)升级为含有动词的-ing形式短语作结果状语的句子　
_______________________________________________
Keys：(5)As we know, a big earthquake struck this area yesterday, destroying some houses.
(6)将句(3)升级为含有动词的-ed形式短语作定语的句子　
_______________________________________________
Keys：(6)Therefore, to show our concern to the victims, a great number of students in our school took part in the donation activity held in our library.
【连句成篇】
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Students Donate Money to Disaster Area　
On October 25, an activity was held by the Students’ Union in our school to donate money to the disaster area.
As we know, a big earthquake struck this area yesterday, destroying some houses.
Therefore, to show our concern to the victims, a great number of students in our school took part in the donation activity held in our library. It started from eight o’clock and lasted two hours. In the end, 35,000 yuan was collected and given to the Red Cross in our city.
We were very glad to do something for the disaster area.
Li Hua，
School Newspaper　
◎写作练笔
(广东省惠州市2024—2025学年高一上学期12月月考)假设你是李华，上周五你校邀请英国专家George开展一场关于自然灾害的云讲座(cloud lecture)。请你用英文为学校微信公众号写一篇报道，介绍该活动。内容包括：
1．活动目的；　
2．活动过程；　
3．活动反响。
注意：
1．词数80左右；　
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Last Friday our school had the honour of inviting British expert George to deliver a cloud speech on natural disasters. The aim was to enhance students’ awareness and understanding of various natural disasters and ways to deal with them.
During the lecture, George explained the causes, effects, and prevention measures of earthquakes, floods and hurricanes with vivid examples and interactive Q&A sessions. Students actively participated, asking professional questions and sharing their own experiences.
The lecture was warmly received by our students, who found it both informative and engaging. Many expressed their thanks for George’s valuable knowledge and practical tips, which will undoubtedly help them better prepare for the future natural disasters.

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