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(共30张PPT)
Section A Grammar (4a~4c)
Growing Up
Unit 3
Learning aims
能掌握although, until, so that, if 引导状语从句的用法
能使用although, until, so that, if 引导的状语从句
Lead in
What do you know about Adverbial Clause
Activity 1
Learn to use Conjunctions: although, until, so that, if
4a
Read the sentences. Pay attention to the words in bold and translate the sentences into Chinese.
Although you argued, you are still very close friends.
You won’t know how he feels until you talk to him.
You can write to your parents so that they’ll know how you feel.
If you did or said something wrong, you should say sorry.
核心逻辑 从句类型
让步
状语从句
时间
状语从句
目的
状语从句
条件
状语从句
让步
时间终点
目的
条件
虽然你们吵过架，但你们仍然是非常亲密的朋友。
直到你和他谈过之后，你才会知道他的感受。
你可以给你的父母写信，这样他们就能知道你的感受。
如果你做了错事或说错了话，你应该道歉。
although、until、so that、if引导的状语从句
状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开；放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。
状语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
方式状语从句
比较状语从句
状语从句种类 引导词
时间状语从句 when, whenever, while, as, till/until, before, after, since, as soon as
条件状语从句 if, unless, so/as long as, once, in case
原因状语从句 because, as, since, now (that)
目的状语从句 so that, in order that
结果状语从句 so ... that ..., such ... that ...
让步状语从句 though/although, as, even if/though, no matter wh-
地点状语从句 where, wherever
方式状语从句 as, as if/though
比较状语从句 as ... as, not so ... as, than
1.although
小档案
含义：
用法：
引导让步状语从句
(adverbial clause of concession)
虽然；尽管
Although you argued, you are still very close friends.
although
小档案
Though/Although it was raining, we still went hiking.
He often helps me with my English, although/though he is quite busy.
although引导让步状语从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，相当于though。
句中
though作连词引导让步状语从句时，有时可以
与although换用，although 比 though 更为正式。
句首
although小档案
在同一个句子中，although, though均不能与but同时使用，但可以与yet, still同时使用。
I do not often make dinner, but I can cook.
=Although I do not often make dinner, I can cook.
The team lost, but the members were still proud of themselves.
=Although the team lost, the members were still proud of themselves.
2.until
小档案
含义：
用法：
引导时间状语从句
(adverbial clause of time)
直到……；直到……才……
You won’t know how he feels until you talk to him.
until
小档案
She waited until all the students left.
My daughter studied English until 9 o’clock last night.
主句是肯定句时，其谓语动词用延续性动词，强调主句的动作或状态一直持续到从句的动作发生时为止，译成“直到……为止”。
常见延续性动词:stay, wait, work, study, keep, be, sleep, read 等
until
小档案
主句是否定句时，其谓语动词用非延续性动词，强调主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始，一般译成“直到……才……”。
We can’t get off the bus until it stops.
My daughter didn't go to bed until I got back home.
常见非延续性动词:
start, begin, come, go, leave, arrive, open, close, finish 等
until
小档案
如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
He will stay here until the rain stops.
The meeting won’t start until everyone arrives.
until
小档案
如果将“not until…”放在句首，那么主句要用部分倒装结构。
了解即可
Not until he finished his homework did he go to bed.
Not until you talk to him will you know how he feels.
3.so that
小档案
含义：
用法：
引导目的状语从句
(adverbial clause of purpose)
为了，以便
You can write to your parents so that they'll know how you feel.
so that
小档案
I am saving money so that I can buy a house.
He worked hard in order that he could succeed.
so that引导目的状语从句，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开，相当于in order that，从句谓语中多含有can、could、may、might等情态动词。
so...that... 如此……以致于……常用来引导结果状语从句
The boy is so young that he cannot dress himself.
so … that… 结构有时可与 too … to…(太……而不能……)，not … enough to do …(做某事不够……)结构互换。
=The boy is not old enough to dress himself.
拓 展
4.if
小档案
含义：
用法：
引导条件状语从句
(adverbial clause of condition)
如果
If you did or said something wrong, you should say sorry.
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,
we will go hiking.
We will go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
句首
主句在前，从句在后，中间没有逗号.
从句在前，主句在后，中间有逗号。
句中
位置
if
小档案
时态
if
小档案
1）.主将从现：
主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
结构：If + 一般现在时，主句 + 一般将来时。
If it rains, we will stay at home.
=We will stay at home if it rains.
时态
if
小档案
2）主情从现：
主句用一般将来时，从句用情态动词。
结构：If + 一般现在时，主句 +情态动词may, might, can, must, should等的句子。
You should study hard if you want to make your dream come true.
=If you want to make your dream come true,you should study hard
时态
if
小档案
3）主祈从现：
主句用一般将来时，从句用祈使句
结构：If + 一般现在时，主句 +祈使句。
Please clap your hands if you're happy
=If you're happy, please clap your hands.
时态
if
小档案
4）主现从现：
描述客观事实、自然规律、普遍真理或习惯性行为。
结构：If + 一般现在时，主句 + 一般现在时。
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
If the sun sets, it gets dark.
客观事实
自然规律
= Get up early, or you won’t catch the school bus.
if引导的条件状语从句可以和“祈使句+and/or+句子（一般将来时）”句型转换。
If you get up early, you’ll catch the school bus.
=Get up early, and you’ll catch the school bus.
否则
拓 展
Activity 2
Use Adverbial Clause with although, until, so that, if correctly
Complete the sentences with although, until, so that, or if.
1. ____ you feel upset about something, you should speak to a person you trust about it.
2. _________ people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn't always mean that they did it on purpose.
3. Talk to your loved ones whenever you feel good or bad _______ you can double your joy and cut your problems in half.
4. You won't understand why she got upset _____ you put yourself in her shoes.
If
Although
so that
until
4b
Read the passage about managing stress. Then complete the sentences.
There are many things you can do when you feel stressed. First, you can take a break from what you are doing. This will help you clear your mind. You can listen to music or go for a walk. Next, share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away. The person might not have any advice for you, but talking about your problems can help you feel better. Lastly, remember to take care of yourself. Eat healthy food, exercise, and get enough sleep. These three things alone are great for reducing stress!
shut... away 把……关（藏）起来；隔离
最后
从……中休息一下
share... with... 与……分享……
4c
1. If_______________, you should take a break from what you are doing.
2. You can talk to a person you trust, although_______________ ________________________.
3. You might not feel better until __________________
_____________________________.
4. You should eat healthy food, get plenty of sleep, and exercise so that __________________!
Complete the sentences.
you feel stressed
not have any advice for you
you talk about your
you can reduce stress
the person might
problems with someone you trust
Complete the sentences and share your ideas.
If I spend more time studying, ___________________.
_________________ until you can control your anger.
Although others might say bad things about you, _______________________.
________________________________ so that I’ll be happier.
I will get better grades
Don’t say anything
you should stay confident
I will spend more time with my friends
4d
Summary
◆状语从句
并列连词 含义 表示关系 连接成分
although
until
so that
if
尽管
直到……
以便于；为了
让步
时间
目的
引导让步状语从句
引导时间状语从句
引导目的状语从句
如果
条件
引导条件状语从句
Homework
1. Write some sentences with although, until, so that, if .
2. Finish the exercises.

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