资源简介

(共90张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
文章导语:霍乱是霍乱弧菌引起的急性肠道传染病,具有发病急、传播快、波及面广的特点,是国际检疫传染病中的一种。
Cholera
Cholera is a waterborne disease that is spread through infected water and food.It is an illness caused by the bacterium1 called Vibrio cholerae.It produces an enterotoxin(肠毒素) that causes painless,watery diarrhoea(腹泻) that can quickly lead to severe dehydration(脱水) and death if treatment is not given. Most people infected with cholera do not become ill,although the bacterium is present in their waste for 7-14 days.When cholera does happen,more than 90% of cases are not severe and are
difficult to tell from other types of diarrhoea.Less than 10% of ill people develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.
A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without proper treatment of drinking water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal2 waters.Shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera.Therefore,the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.
Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid3 and salt lost through diarrhoea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture4 of sugar and salt to be mixed with water.People who develop severe diarrhoea in countries where cholera breaks out should seek5 medical attention at once.
In a word,to avoid cholera,we should develop a good habit. We should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food.
词海拾贝
1.bacterium /b k tI ri m/ n.细菌
2.coastal / k stl/ adj.沿海的
3.fluid / flu Id/ n.液体
4.mixture / mIkst / n.混合;混合物
5.seek /si k/ vt.寻找;寻求
美文凝萃
1.Which of the following statements about cholera is NOT true according to the passage
A.Cholera can lead to severe dehydration and death.
B.Cholera is spread quickly through air.
C.Cholera can be treated easily now.
D.Cholera can’t be easily spread in areas with clean drinking water.
2.How can we avoid being infected with cholera in life
B
略
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1.cholera n.　　　　
2.diarrhoea n.　　　　
3.dehydration n.　　　　
4.　　　　　　　 adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的
5.germ n.　　　　　　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)
7.　　　　　　 adj.数量多的;多种多样的
霍乱
腹泻
脱水
contradictory
微生物;细菌;病菌
subscribe
multiple
8.　　　　　　　 n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人
9.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任　n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
10.　　　　　 n.把手;拉手;柄　vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
11.　　　　　　　　 n.介入;出面;干涉
12.　　　　　 n.联系;纽带　vt.把……连接起来;相关联
13.　　　　　 adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
14.　　　　　　　 adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的
household　
suspect　
handle　
intervention　
link　
raw
substantial　
15.　　　　　　　 n.减少;降低;减少量　
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
16.　　　　　　 n.[pl.]统计数字;统计资料;统计学
17.epidemiology n.　　　　　　　
18.　　　　　　　　 n.显微镜
decrease
statistic
流行病学
microscope
词汇拓展
1.severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的
→　　　　　　 adv.严厉地;严重地
→　　　　　　　 n.严重;严格;严厉
2.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→　　　　　　　 vt.挫败;阻止;使懊恼→　　　　　　　　 n.挫折;沮丧
3.infection n.感染;传染→　　　　　 vt.使感染;传染
→　　　　　　 adj.带菌的;感染病菌的
severely
severity
frustrate
frustration
infect
infected
4.proof n.证据;证明;检验→v.　　　　　 证明,证实
5.pure adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的
→　　　　　 adv.仅仅;完全
→　　　　　　 vt.使……洁净
6.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态　vi.改变;转变
→　　　　　　　　 n.变化;转变
prove
purely
purify
transformation
重点短语
1.attend 　　　　　关怀;处理;照料
2.once and 　　　　　all 最终地;彻底地
3.subscribe 　　　　　同意;赞同
4.thanks 　　　　　幸亏;由于
5.　　　　　 general 总的说来
6.　　　　　 pump 水泵
7.be 　　　　　　blame 应负责
to
for
to
to
in
water
to
8.give 　　　　　　分娩
9.be 　　　　　to do 很有可能做……
10.　　　　　 this reason 因为此原因
birth
likely
for
阅 读 自 测
Step 1　Fast Reading
一、快速浏览课文,将段落与其主旨大意相匹配
Para.1　 A.There were two theories to explain how cholera spread.
Para.2 B.Snow showed us a way to do research into
diseases.
Para.3 C.Snow told people to drink clean water.
Para.4 D.Cholera was a deadly disease.
Para.5 E.Snow collected evidence.
Step 2　Detailed Reading
二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.The passage mainly tells us 　　　.
A.the cause of cholera was polluted water
B.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London
C.the source of all drinking water should be examined
D.how John Snow did research and helped to defeat cholera
D
2.How did John Snow do the research
A.By using maps and statistics.
B.By drinking the water himself.
C.By questioning the patients.
D.By experimenting with himself.
A
3.What did John Snow desire to do as a young doctor
A.To be a world-famous doctor.
B.To attend to Queen Victoria.
C.To prevent and treat cholera.
D.To create a new theory.
B
4.Which words can best describe John Snow
A.Selfless and outgoing.
B.Determined and scientific.
C.Independent and adaptable.
D.Experienced and intelligent.
B
5.Why is Snow considered the father of modern epidemiology
A.Because he changed the way to study diseases.
B.Because he knew how to prevent and treat cholera.
C.Because he made cholera disappear in the world.
D.Because he announced the pump water carried cholera germs.
A
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(page 2)
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。
考点 frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的
be frustrated with/at 对……感到沮丧
frustrate vt.挫败;阻止;使懊恼
frustrating adj.令人懊恼的;令人沮丧的
frustration n.挫败;沮丧;懊恼
语境领悟
(1)They felt frustrated at the lack of progress.
没有进展,他们感到沮丧。
(2)When things go wrong,all of us naturally feel disappointed and frustrated.
出问题时,我们自然而然都会觉得失望和沮丧。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)When you are 　　　　　　　(frustrate) with something, you are advised to get relaxed and wait.
(2)Technology is supposed to make our lives easier,but it can also be 　　　　　　(frustrate) at times.
frustrated
frustrating
2.【教材原文】In time,he rose to become a famous doctor,and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.(page 2)
后来,他成了一位名医,甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。
考点 attend to sb/sth处理;对付;照料;关怀;专心于
attend v.出席,参加;经常去,定期去(某处);注意,专心;伴随发生;随同;陪同
attend a meeting/a lecture/school参加会议/听讲座/上学
attendance n.出席,参加;出席人数
语境领悟
(1)He offered to go and attend to the matter.
他主动提出来去处理那件事。
(2)He was so ill that two nurses were attending to him.
他病得很重,有两个护士在照顾他。
(3)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm.
在我们一周停留时间里的最后一天,我们被邀请参加在一座美丽的农场举行的私人音乐会。
(4)I’d be glad if you could attend the upcoming celebration.
如果你能参加即将到来的庆祝仪式,我将会很高兴。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)That year,I 　　　　　　(attend) a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.
(2)There were so many customers that the shop assistants couldn’t attend 　　　　　　them all.
(3)The exhibition had record 　　　　 　　 (attend), showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
attended
to
attendance
完成句子
(4)她的学校被严重毁坏了,她只好暂时到布鲁克林的一所学校去上学。
Her school was so damaged that she had to temporarily
　　　　 　　　　　　in Brooklyn.
(5)他雇了一位护士来照顾已病了一段时间的父亲。
He hired a nurse to 　　　　 　　　 　　　 　　　　who had been ill for some time.
attend school
attend to his father
3.【教材原文】However,he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.(page 2)
然而,他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。
考点 once and for all最终地;彻底地
all at once突然;同时
at once立即;马上
once again再一次;再次
语境领悟
(1)He will explain it fully once and for all.
他将把它彻底地解释一次,就此了结。
(2)So many thoughts of Haas were crowded into her mind,all at once.
对哈斯的种种思念一下子涌上她的心头。
(3)As the name suggests,it may occur once and never appear once again.
顾名思义,它可能只出现一次,并且不会再次出现。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)All 　　　　　once there was a loud bang on the door.
(2)Now,go upstairs 　　　　　　once and clean your room!
完成句子
(3)许多实际的细节问题都需要同时处理。
A lot of practical details needed to be attended to
　　　 　　　 　　　 .
at
at
all at once
4.【教材原文】The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.(page 2)
另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。
考点infection n.感染;传染
infect vt.使感染;传染
infect sb/sth with sth使某人/某物感染(某种疾病)
infect sb (with sth) 使某人感染(某种感情)
be infected with... 感染……
infected adj.带菌的;感染病菌的
infectious adj.传染性的
语境领悟
(1)This infection is spread by mosquitoes.
这种传染病是由蚊子传播的。
(2)She infected the whole class with her optimism.
她的乐观精神感染了全班同学。
(3)The drug will be useful to hundreds of thousands of infected people.
这种药将惠及几十万的感染者。
(4)Laughter is one of the most infectious expressions of emotion.
笑是最具感染力的情感表达方式之一。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The wound from the dog bite has become 　　　　(infect).
(2)Keeping clean can help to decrease the risk of
　　 (infect).
(3)These young people were infected 　　　　　the virus.
(4)Up to now,only a few people in the world have got an
　　　　　 (infectious) from the disease around the world.
infected
infection
with
infection
5.【教材原文】Snow subscribed to the second theory.(page 2)
斯诺赞同第二种看法。
考点subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)
subscribe to 同意;赞同;定期订购(或订阅等);定期(向慈善机构)捐款;定期交纳(会员费)
subscribe for 认购(股份)
subscriber n.(报刊的)订购者,订阅者;消费者,用户;定期捐助者
语境领悟
(1)He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from reading books.
他赞同孩子们能从读书中获益的观点。
(2)I subscribed to a number of journals concerned with my subject.
我订阅了许多与我的主题有关的期刊。
(3)Although he is not rich,he subscribes to various charitable organizations.
虽然他并不富有,但他定期向各种不同的慈善组织捐款。
(4)We subscribe to several sports channels.
我们付费收看好几个体育频道。
(5)Employees subscribed for far more shares than expected.
雇员们认购了远比预计多的股份。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)For learning English,John subscribes 　　　　　　some magazines.
(2)Write a letter to us at once for the free album offered to every new 　　　　　　　(subscribe).
(3)How many shares did you subscribe 　　　　　　in the new company
to
subscriber
for
完成句子
(4)大多数科学家都同意人类活动导致全球变暖的观点。
Most scientists 　　　　　 　　 　　 　　　　 　　that Earth is becoming warmer because of human activities.
(5)每名雇员可以认购价值2,000美元的股票。
Each employee may 　　　　　　 　　up to $2,000 worth of shares.
subscribe to the view/opinion
subscribe for
6.【教材原文】Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(page 2)
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
考点一suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任　n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
suspect sth/that...怀疑……
suspect sb/sth to be+n./adj.怀疑/猜想某人/某物为……
suspect sb of(doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事
语境领悟
(1)I began to suspect(that) they were trying to get rid of me.
我开始觉察出,他们试图摆脱掉我。
(2)What she said sounded convincing,but I suspected it to be a lie.
她的话听起来有说服力,但我怀疑那是谎话。
(3)He was suspected of stealing the money.
他被怀疑偷了这笔钱。
(4)If I find someone who looks like the suspect,my immediate reaction will be to report to the police.
如果我发现看上去像犯罪嫌疑人的人,我最直接的反应就是要报警。
考点二 blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责
n.责备,指责
lay/put the blame for sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
blame sb/sth for sth/doing sth 因……怪罪/责怪……
accept/take/bear the blame 承担责任
be to blame 负有责任
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某物
语境领悟
(1)Who is to blame for the problem
谁应为这个问题负责呢
(2)You shouldn’t blame this accident on him.
你不该把这次事故归责于他。
(3)You can’t expect Terry to take all the blame.
你不能指望特里承担所有的责任。
(4)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.
很多人发现早上很难起床,并且把责任归咎于闹钟。
温馨提示 to blame是用主动形式表示被动含义。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The boss suspected him 　　　　　taking the computer away from the company.
(2)The man,　　　　　　(suspect) of stealing last year,was arrested by the police last week.
(3)I think Tom is 　　　　　　　　(blame) for the delay.
of
suspected
to blame
7.【教材原文】Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(page 2)
于是,他让人拆掉了水泵的把手,这样水泵就用不成了。
考点 handle n.把手;拉手;柄　v.处理;(用手)触,拿,搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
语境领悟
(1)The man gave me a knife with a carved wooden handle.
那人给了我一把有雕花木柄的刀。
(2)There are several ways to handle the marketing end of the business.
有几种方法可以处理业务的推广。
(3)We have nothing but praise for the way they handled the investigation.
对于他们处理调查的方式我们唯有赞赏。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine,we must send for an engineer 　　　　　(handle) the problem.
(2)A new man was appointed 　　　　　(handle) the crisis.
完成句子
(3)我没有把握我是否能驾驶功率这样大的汽车。
I wasn’t sure if 　　 　　 　 　　　　such a powerful car.
to handle
to handle
I could handle
翻译句子
(4)小心轻放!
Handle with care!
8.【教材原文】Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.(page 3)
此外,斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。
考点 link n. 联系;纽带　vt.把……连接起来;相关联
link...to/with...将……和……联系或连接起来
link up连接;结合
a link between A and B　A与B之间的联系
语境领悟
(1)We will link your computer with our network.
我们将把你的电脑和我们的网络连接起来。
(2)They believe that the illness is linked to the use of pesticide.
他们认为这种疾病与杀虫剂的使用有关。
(3)They have found a direct link between seasonal temperatures and bird migration.
他们发现季节性的温度与鸟类迁徙之间有直接的联系。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The link 　　　　　　 what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.
(2)Experts say hydrogen technology can reduce industrial gases 　　　　　　 (link) to global warming.
(3)The two cities 　　　　　　(link) by a railway.
between
linked
are linked
9.【教材原文】...and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(page 3)
……世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。
考点 decrease n.减少;降低;减少量　vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
on the decrease在减少
a decrease in...在……方面减少
decrease by...减少了……
decrease to...减少到……
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
语境领悟
(1)They found the demand for milk was on the decrease.
他们发现对牛奶的需求逐渐减少。
(2)This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.
这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。
(3)The price of wheat has decreased by 15%.
小麦的价格降低了15%。
(4)The sales of the product have decreased from five million to three million.
这种产品的销售量已从五百万减少到了三百万。
温馨提示 decrease的反义词为increase,其搭配有:
increase to增加(长)到……
increase by增加(长)了……
on the increase在增加
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)There has been a decrease 　　　　　　　　the number of visitors this year.
(2)After taking the medicine,his temperature decreased from 39.5℃ 　　　　　　36.8℃.
(3)The number of this kind of fish is 　　　　　the decrease every year.
in
to
on
10.【教材原文】Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.(page 3)
幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的努力,我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
考点 thanks to 幸亏;由于
其他表示原因的短语有due to、because of、on account of、owing to、as a result of等。
语境领悟
(1)Thanks to your help,I became more confident and was willing to spend more time reading English books.
多亏你的帮助,我变得更加自信,而且愿意花更多时间去阅读英语书籍。
(2)Thanks to his strong constitution,Jack was able to pull through his recent serious illness.
多亏了杰克强壮的体质,他才能在最近这场重病后恢复健康。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Thanks 　　　　　　your help,I was able to get out of my trouble.
(2)The team’s success was largely due 　　　　her efforts.
to
to
完成句子
(3)由于他的努力,这个项目获得了超出我们预期的更大成功。
　　　　 　　　 　　　　 　　　　　,the project is more successful than we have expected.
Thanks to his effort
11.【教材原文】Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.(page 3)
此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
考点 transform vt.使改观;使改变形态
vi.改变;转变
transform...from...into... 把……从……转变成……
transformation n.改观;变化;转变
语境领悟
(1)As China’s first special economic zone,it was transformed from a small fishing village into a major national economic hub.
作为中国第一个经济特区,它由一个小渔村转变成一个主要的国家经济中心。
(2)Some children undergo a complete transformation when they become teenagers.
一些儿童进入青少年期会完全变成另一个人。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)In recent years his ideas have undergone a complete
　　　　　　　　(transform).
(2)A complete change of climate transformed the area from a desert 　　　　　　a swamp.
(3)As is known to all,water can 　　　　　　　　(transform) into power.
transformation
into
be transformed
句型转换
(4)The village has been transformed into a small town and it takes on a new look now.
→__________________________________________________
____________________(用动词-ed形式短语作状语改写句子)
Transformed into a small town,the village takes on a new look now.
句 型 剖 析
1.【教材原文】As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(page 2)
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺很沮丧。
句法分析
“how to prevent or treat cholera”是“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语,这个结构中常用的疑问词有who、what、when、where、how、which等,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等;作主语时谓语动词常用单数形式。
语境领悟
(1)The difficulty is how to do the most of work with the least of money.
难的是如何用最少的钱完成最多的工作。
(2)Where to spend the holiday hasn’t been decided.
去哪儿度假还没有定下来。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Don’t worry.Peter can show you 　　　　　　to turn an idea into an act.
(2)The doctor didn’t tell me when 　　　　　　　(take) the medicine.
(3)“He saved my son’s life,” said Mrs.Brown.“I don’t know
　　　　　to thank him.”
how
to take
how
2.【教材原文】He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(page 2)
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
句法分析
本句是一个主从复合句,so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句,so后常接形容词或副词,常见形式有:
such...that...也表示“如此……以至于……”,但such修饰名词,常见形式有:
语境领悟
(1)He runs so fast that no one can catch up with him.
他跑得如此之快以至于没人能追得上他。
(2)He is so smart a boy that we all like him.
他是一个如此聪明的男孩,我们都喜欢他。
(3)There were so few guests that the host felt very sad.
宾客如此少,主人感到很伤心。
(4)We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
我们走得太匆忙了,连门都忘了锁。
(5)He has made such rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher.
他进步得非常快,老师表扬了他。
温馨提示 在“so...that...”和“such...that...”句型中,当“so/such...”置于句首时,其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
So hot a day was it that they all went swimming.
=Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming.
天气那么热,他们都去游泳了。
学以致用
选词填空(so/such/that)
(1)I was 　　　　　sleepy 　　　　　I could hardly keep my eyes open.
(2)It was 　　　　　　　a hot day 　　　　　　nobody wanted to do anything.
(3)　　　　　 fast does the light travel 　　　　　we can hardly imagine its speed.
so
that
such
that
So
that
完成句子
(4)So 　　 　 　　　　 　　　　　(她如此激动) that it took us an hour to calm her down.
(5)Such 　　　　 　　　　　 　　　 　　　 　 (他取得如此大的进步) that his parents felt very happy.
excited was she
great progress did he make
一、单词拼写
1.Why do you 　　　　　　(怀疑) him of taking your watch away
2.I think you are too 　　　　　　(严厉的) on the children.
3.I have 　　　　　　　(定期订购) to that newspaper for many years.
4.Do you have any 　 　(证据) that this man stole your bag
5.The boy became 　　　　　　　 (沮丧的) because his favourite toy was lost.
suspect
severe
subscribed
proof
frustrated
6.About the accident,we are faced with two　 　　　　 (相互矛盾的) statements.
7.It is reported that the company has brought out a new
　　　　　　(家庭的) robot.
8.When I began to work,I worried a lot about whether I could 　　　　　　　 (处理) this new job.
9.Yet the river’s flow has 　　　　　(减少) in recent decades.
10.Through this 　　　　　　　(干涉),the disease was stopped in its tracks.
contradictory
household
handle
decreased
intervention
二、单句语法填空
1.Anyone breaking the law will be 　　 　(severe) punished.
2.Many companies 　　　　　　　　　　(subscribe) generously to the club so far.
3.I think he suspected us 　　　　　 giving away the secret.
4.This information confirms me in the belief that he is
　　　　　　　　(blame).
5.Turning to the purpose and function of the kites,they certainly had 　　　　　 (multiply) uses.
severely
have subscribed
of
to blame
multiple
6.But the information I got was rich and varied,or even
　　　　　　　 (contradict).
7.The news is 　　　　　important that I must tell it to my friends.
8.Now,it 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(transform) into a popular tourist destination as a cultural centre with an art museum and a movie theatre.
contradictory
so
has been transformed
三、课文语篇填空
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Cholera used to be one of the most feared
1.__________(disease) in the world,until John Snow showed how it could be overcome.Cholera,as 2.　　　　　 deadly disease of its day,threatened ordinary people.No one knew its cause or its cure.Every time cholera broke out,large numbers of 3. 　　　　　　 (frighten) people died.John Snow was determined 4.　　　　　　 (solve) this problem.He knew only if he found its cause would it be controlled.
diseases
a
frightened
to solve
There were two theories that 5.　　　　　 (possible) explained how people got infected.John Snow
6.　　　　　　　(subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
possibly
subscribed
In 1854 another outbreak of cholera hit London.John Snow decided to investigate.He marked the places on a map, 7.　　　　　 gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.He found many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street.Some households had had no deaths
8.　　　　　　 these people drank free beer.It seemed that the water pump was 9.　　　　　 (blame).He made further research and concluded that polluted water led to the disease.Finally “King Cholera” 10.　 (defeat). Thanks to the work of John Snow,we now know how to prevent cholera.
which
because
to blame
was defeated(共25张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Writing
典 题 示 例
读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Katie had always longed for a pet dog,but growing up in a family of diplomats,her parents had to move around the world frequently,so having a pet didn’t fit their lifestyle.Even during her university years,the university’s rules didn’t allow it.It was only after she graduated and started living independently that the opportunity arose.
One day,Katie talked to her housemate and best friend from university,Rachel,about her desire for a pet dog.Rachel suggested,“Why don’t you consider fostering(收养) a dog There are so many stray(流浪的) dogs in need of temporary homes before they find their forever families.”
The idea fascinated Katie as it allowed her to experience the joys of pet ownership without the lifelong commitment. However,she had some concerns,“What if I become too attached ”
Rachel reassured her,“Well,if you form a strong bond, you can always choose to adopt it yourself.”
Without telling Katie beforehand,Rachel took the initiative and visited a local animal rescue organization to register for a foster dog.One sunny afternoon,when Katie came home from work,she was greeted by a small black-and-white dog.Her eyes lit up with joy and surprise.“Is this for real ”
“Here is Freda,” Rachel said,beaming with pride.“She’s going to be our foster dog while she waits for her forever home.”
As the days passed,Katie experienced the joys and challenges of being a pet parent.Waking up to Freda’s sweet morning kisses became the best way to start her day.The daily walks with Freda turned into cherished moments of bonding,as they explored the nearby parks and strolled along the serene(宁静的) lakeside together.
However,amid the excitement and cuddles,Katie also learned the responsibilities that came with pet ownership. Juggling her demanding work schedule with Freda’s needs required careful planning and dedication.Katie came to understand why her parents never got one when she was a child.She also felt bad always asking her friends to dog-sit when she was too busy to care for Freda.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Eventually,the right family was found for Freda,but saying goodbye was bittersweet. _________________________
____________________________________________________
Several months later,Katie discovered a small package on her front door. _______________________________________
____________________________________________________
写 作 指 导
在续写之前,首先要理解前文的内容,梳理故事发展脉络,并把握好故事的感情基调。续写时要注意紧扣主题,保持人物性格一致,情节发展合理。
以本题为例,前文主要讲述了主人公Katie从小就喜欢狗,但是由于自己家庭情况特殊,一直无法养狗,在朋友的建议下临时收养了流浪小狗Freda,并与之建立了深厚的感情。
续写第一段的开头提示Freda找到了新家,Katie感到失落又欣慰。续写本段时,可考虑从Katie的情感变化展开,描写她与Freda的回忆或Freda给她带来的影响等。
续写第二段的开头提示,几个月后,Katie收到了一个神秘包裹。续写本段时要考虑到故事的收尾,这个包裹引发出的情节应该是给人带来希望与幸福的。
高 分 范 文
Eventually,the right family was found for Freda,but saying goodbye was bittersweet.As Katie prepared to say goodbye,it became an emotional moment for her.Despite the short time Freda had stayed with them,she had left a deep impression,brightening their home and bringing joy and laughter.
This experience strengthened Katie’s determination to care for more dogs in the future,and she even considered the possibility of adopting a dog herself.Katie took Freda to the adoption agency,feeling a mix of sadness and contentment. She was relieved to know that Freda was going to a stable and caring home.
Several months later,Katie discovered a small package on her front door.At first,she was puzzled,not recalling any orders she had placed.Opening the box,Katie was almost brought to tears as she found numerous photos of Freda enjoying her new life.She excitedly showed Rachel,and both of them shared the happy feeling.They felt proud of the role they played in fostering Freda and hoped she would continue to live a joyful life.
名师点评
作者的续写文笔流畅,感情真挚。通过对人物心理活动的细腻的描写,深化了角色的内在世界和情感变化,使故事更加生动和真实。情节发展自然合理,引人入胜。作者的语言简洁明快,同时又充满表现力,使整个故事更具感染力和吸引力。
高 分 典 句
1.尽管弗里达与他们相处的时间很短,但她给他们留下了深刻的印象,照亮了他们的家,带来了欢乐和笑声。
Despite the short time Freda had stayed with them,she had left a deep impression,brightening their home and bringing joy and laughter.
2.得知弗里达将被送往一个稳定和充满关爱的家庭,她感到松了一口气。
She was relieved to know that Freda was going to a stable and caring home.
即 学 即 练
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Long Walk Home
I grew up in the south of Spain in a little community called Estepona.I was 18 and one morning,my father told me I could drive him into a remote village called Mijas,about 18 miles away,on condition that I took the car to be serviced to a nearby garage.Having just learnt to drive and hardly ever having the opportunity to use the car,I readily accepted. I drove Dad into Mijas and promised to pick him up at 4 p.m. I then drove to a nearby garage and dropped off the car.
Because I had a few hours to spare,I decided to catch a couple of movies at a theatre near the garage.However,I became so interested in the movies that I didn’t pay any attention to the time.When the last movie had finished,I looked down at my watch.It was six o’clock.I was two hours late!
I knew Dad would be angry if he found out I’d been watching movies.He’d never let me drive again.I decided to tell him that the car needed some repairs and that they had taken longer than expected.I drove up to the place where we had planned to meet and saw Dad waiting patiently on the corner.I apologised for being late and told him that I’d come as quickly as I could,but the car had needed some major repairs.I would never forget the look he gave me.
“I’m disappointed that you feel you have to lie to me, Jason.”
“What do you mean I’m telling the truth.”
Dad looked at me again.“When you did not show up,I called the garage to ask if there were any problems,and they told me that you had not yet picked up the car.So you see,I know there were no problems with the car.” A feeling of guilt ran through me as I weakly confessed to my trip to the movie theatre and the real reason for my being late.Dad listened attentively as sadness passed through him.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
“I’m angry,not with you but with myself.______________
____________________________________________________
My protests and apologies were useless._______________
____________________________________________________
参考范文
“I’m angry,not with you but with myself.You see,I realise that I have failed as a father because after all these years you feel that you have to lie to me.I have failed because I have brought up a son who cannot even tell the truth to his father. I am going to walk home now and think seriously about where I have gone wrong all these years.” “But Dad, it’s 18 miles.It’s dark.You can’t walk home.”
My protests and apologies were useless.Dad began walking along the dusty road.I quickly jumped in the car and followed behind,hoping he would change his mind.I begged guiltily all the way,telling him how sorry I was,but he simply ignored me,continuing on silently,thoughtfully and painfully. For 18 miles I drove behind him,at a speed of about five miles per hour.Seeing my father in so much physical and emotional pain was the most sad experience that I have ever had.However,it was also the most important and successful lesson.I have never lied to him since then.(共33张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1.　　　　　　 n.蛋白质
2.　　　　　　 n.细胞;小房间;单间牢房
3.　　　　　　 n.病毒
4.vaccine n.　　　　
5.　　　　　　 n.框架;结构
6.　　　　　　 adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的　n.固体
protein
cell
virus
疫苗
framework
solid
词汇拓展
1.thinking n.思想;思维;见解→　　　　　vt.& vi.想;认为
→　　　　　　 n.思想;想法;思考
2.finding n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决
→　　　　　　 vt.发现,找到;发觉
3.initial adj.最初的;开始的;第一的
→　　　　　　 adv.开始;最初
think
thought
find
initially
重点短语
1.deal 　　　　　处理;涉及
2.turn 　　　　　打开
3.　　　　　 sense 有意义;讲得通
4.depend 　　　　　依靠
5.focus 　　　　　集中于;专注于
with
on
make
upon/on
on
6.carry 　　　　　执行
7.theoretical 　　　　　　　　理论框架
8.calm 　　　　　平静下来;镇定下来
9.get 　　　　　to doing sth 着手做某事
out
framework
down
down
语 法 图 解
探究发现
1.My opinion is that the villager really didn’t understand the policeman.
2.That’s what we should do.
3.The question is how the tiger got out of the cage.
4.That’s why they decided to hold a meeting.
5.This is where I met Mary for the first time.
6.He has got lung cancer.That’s because he has been smoking too much.
7.It looks as if it is going to rain.
以上句子都包含　　　　　　从句,引导表语从句的有连词,如句　　　;连接代词,如句　　　　　　;连接副词,如句
　　　　　　。
表语
1,6,7
2
3,4,5
词 汇 精 讲
【教材原文】You may not believe it,but that was what happened at the initial stage of our group’s research on developing a vaccine for malaria.(page 5)
也许你不相信,但那是我们团队在研究疟疾疫苗的早期阶段所发生的事。
考点initial adj.最初的;开始的;第一的
initial reaction最初的反应
initial period/stage早期阶段;最初阶段
initial point起点,出发点
initially adv.起初;开始
语境领悟
(1)My initial reaction was to decline the offer.
我最初的反应是要婉言谢绝这个提议。
(2)We have got through the initial testing period.
我们通过了最初的测试阶段。
(3)In conclusion,we are only in the initial stages of exploring space at present.
总之,我们目前只是处在太空探索的早期阶段。
(4)Initially,the system worked well.
开始时系统运转良好。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)　　　　　　(initial),I disagreed with his proposal,but later I changed my mind.
Initially
完成句子
(2)人工智能技术在医疗保健行业的应用还处于初期阶段。
The application of AI technologies in health care industry is still 　　 　　　 　　 　　 　　　　　　　.
(3)我对她最初的印象很好。
　 　 　　　　 　　 　　　of her was favourable.
in an initial period/stage
My initial impression
语 法 精 析
表语从句
一、表语从句的概念
在主从复合句中,用作表语的从句叫作表语从句(predicative clause)。引导表语从句的关联词有连词(that,whether,as if,as though,because等)、连接代词(what,whatever,who,whoever, which,whichever等)、连接副词(when,where,how,why等)。
二、表语从句的引导词
1.连词that引导的表语从句
连词that的用法:①无意义;②不充当成分;③不可省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
麻烦的是我们缺少资金。
My idea is that he could teach English in this school.
我的想法是他能够在这所学校教英语。
2.连词whether引导的表语从句
whether意为“是否”,在从句中不作成分。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.
问题是我们是否需要更多的冰激凌。
The key is whether we can solve the problem ourselves.
关键是我们能否自己解决这个问题。
3.连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,本身具有词义;when、where、why、how等在从句中作状语,本身具有词义。
This is what we have been looking forward to for years.
这是我们多年来一直盼望的。
The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
问题是谁真正适合做这份艰难的工作。
I didn’t phone her,and that was why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话,那就是她对我生气的原因。
Their difficulty is how they can clear their debts.
他们的困难是怎样才能还清债务。
4.because,as if/though等引导的表语从句
Susan speaks Chinese fluently.That is because she has lived in China for more than five years.
苏珊中文说得很流利。那是因为她已经在中国生活了五年多。
The woman looked as if she might be in a good mood for she smiled from time to time.
那位女士看起来好像心情很好,因为她不时地露出微笑。
三、需要注意的问题
1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
My hope is that he will keep it a secret forever.
我希望他将永远保守这个秘密。
He finished writing his first novel last year,and we all think that was when his career really took off.
他去年写完了他的第一部小说,我们都认为那是他的事业真正腾飞的时候。
2.在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中,谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。常见的词有advice、suggestion、order、proposal、plan、idea等。
My suggestion is that we (should) start off early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
My advice is that you (should) go to apologise to him.
我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。
3.表语从句的特殊句式
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句,修饰 the reason,that引导表语从句)
This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句,从句表示原因)
This/That/It is why...这/那就是……的原因。 (why引导表语从句,从句表示结果)
The reason why he didn’t come is that he didn’t receive the invitation.他没来的原因是他没有收到请柬。
The woman was weeping bitterly.That’s because her son was injured in an accident.
那位女士痛哭流涕,那是因为她的儿子在事故中受伤了。 (先果后因)
The woman’s son was injured in an accident.That’s why she was weeping bitterly.
那位女士的儿子在事故中受伤了,那是她痛哭流涕的原因。 (先因后果)
即 学 即 练
单句语法填空
(1)This is 　　　　　my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
(2)The trouble is 　　　　　I am anxious to telephone Mr Smith but I have lost his number.
what
that
(3)Everybody might make mistakes,but the difference is
　　　　　　we see the mistake — a learning experience or a failure.
(4)When I returned to my hometown several decades later,it was no longer 　　　　　　it used to be.
how
what
完成句子
(5)令他现在感到满意的是,他的努力最终得到了回报。
　　 　 　 　　 　 　 　　 　　 　　　 his efforts have finally paid off.
(6)我得知你对英语校报的改革方案,那就是我写信发表我自己观点的原因。
I learn your reform programme of the school English newspaper,and that’s _______ _____ ________ _____ ______
_____ ___________.
What satisfies him now is that
why I’m writing to voice
my opinion
(7)问题是他们是否能帮我们。
The question is 　　 　 　　 　　 　 　　 　 　 　 .
(8)那是因为他没有理解我。
That was 　 　 　　 　.
(9)事实是我们队已经赢得了比赛。
The fact is 　　 　　　 　　　 　 　 　 .
whether they will be able to help us
because he didn’t understand me
that our team has won the game
一、写出下列前缀的意义,然后写出相关词汇
1.re-　　　　　　　　　:　　　　　　　　 vt.重建;
　　　　　　　　 vt.复述;　　　　　　 vt.复习
2.dis-　　　　　　　　:　　　　　　　　 adj.不诚实的;
　　　　　　　 vt.不赞成
3.micro-　　　　　　　:　　　　　　　　 n.显微镜;
　　　　　　　 n.微生物
4.trans-　　　　　　　　 :　　　　　　　　 n.翻译;
　　　　　　　　 vt.移植
重新;再
rebuild
retell
review
不……;非……
dishonest
disapprove
微
microorganism
microphone
通过;成为
translation
transplant
二、单句语法填空
1.How could we live without the Internet That’s 　　　most of us keep in touch with each other.
2.As is well known to all,the Spring Festival is 　　　　　the family are reunited and celebrate the new year.
3.He is not the best candidate for the position.So the problem is 　　　　　we can get to replace him.
4.What the doctors really doubt is 　　　　　　my mother will defeat the serious illness.
how
when
who/whom
whether
5.The little girl who got lost decided to remain 　　　　she was and wait for her mother.
6.He got caught in the heavy traffic.That was 　　　　　he was late.
7.We didn’t set out.It was 　　　　　　we wanted to wait until our mother came back.
8.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is 　　　　one can be entirely free from dust.
where
why
because
that
三、完成句子
1.那就是他昨天没来学校的原因。
That is 　　 　 　　 　 　 　 .
2.我的想法是我们都应全力帮助他们。
My idea_____ ____ ____ _______ ____ _____ ______ ______
　　　 　　.
3.那就是你的错误之处。
That’s 　　 　 .
why he didn’t come to school yesterday
that we all should do our best to
help them
where you are mistaken
4.问题是他该不该马上走。
The question is 　　　　 　　　 　　 .
5.这就是我们如何看待这件事的。
This is 　　　 　　　 　　　　 　　 .
whether he should go at once
how we look at the matter(共13张PPT)
单元核心素养整合
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→　severely　 adv.严厉地;严重地→　severity　 n.严重;严格;严厉
2.　contradictory　 adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的
3.infect vt.使感染;传染→　infection　 n.感染;传染
4.　proof　 n.证据;证明;检验
5.　multiple　 adj.数量多的;多种多样的
6.　household　 n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人
7.　suspect　 vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任　n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
8.　blame　 vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责　n.责备,指责
9.　handle　 n.把手;拉手;柄　vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
10.　link　 n.联系;纽带　vt.把……连接起来;相关联
11.　raw　 adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
12.　decrease　 n.减少;降低;减少量　vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
13.　virus　 n.病毒
14.　cast　 vt.投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
15.　pour　 vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
16.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解→　defence　 n.保卫;防守;辩解
17.　assistant　 n.助理;助手
18.　outstanding　 adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的
19.gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→　gift　 n.赠品;礼物;天才;天赋
20.　abstract　 adj.抽象的;理论上的　n.(文献等的)摘要
21.　concept　 n.概念;观念
22.　astronomer　 n.天文学家
23.　fault　 n.弱点;过错
24.　shift　 n.改变;转换;轮班　vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
25.　vivid　 adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.once and 　for　 all 最终地;彻底地
2.subscribe 　to　 同意;赞同
3.thanks 　to　 幸亏;由于
4.break 　out　 (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
5.in charge 　of　 主管;掌管
6.come 　down　 with 患(病);染上(小病)
7.　above　 all 最重要的是;尤其是
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.so...that... 引导结果状语从句
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was 　so　 severe 　that　 more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
2.比较级表示最高级意义
Perhaps no other scientist has had 　　 　　　　 　 　　on China’s aerospace science 　　　　　Qian Xuesen.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
a greater impact
than
3.once引导状语从句
　Once　 the maths was corrected,it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true.
错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。
Ⅳ.重点语法
表语从句
1.My idea is 　that　 you should make good use of your time.
2.The question is 　whether　 we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.
3.That is 　why　 she had a day-off yesterday.
Ⅴ.功能意念
谈论科学现象(Talking about scientific phenomena)
...can/cannot exist in the form of a solid/gas and a liquid/plasma...
……能/不能以固体/气体和液体/等离子体……的形式存在。
...is both a...and a...at the same time...
……既是一个……又是一个……同时……
how light/sound is reflected...
光线/声音是如何反射的……
...the existence of other...
其他……的存在。
This occurs when...当……时这就会出现。
If you...,it will become...如果你……,它就会……
That demonstrates...那表明……
This experiment/research shows...这项实验/研究表明……
Through this,we know that...通过这个,我们知道……
We can prove that...我们可以证明……
This evidence proves...这项证据表明……
Cholera was so severe that many infected people were frustrated.It cast a shadow over people all over the world every time it broke out.What’s the cause and how to overcome it There were two contradictory theories for it at that time.John Snow subscribed to the theory that germs in food or water were to blame.He collected multiple proofs,and instructed households to drink pure water.Thanks to his efforts,the world saw a substantial decrease in the threat of cholera.He not only helped to defeat cholera,but transformed the way to study disease.(共62张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Using Language,
Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1.　　　　　　 vt.投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
2.　　　　　　　 n.阴影;影子;背光处
3.　　　　　　　 n.彩虹
4.　　　　　　 vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
5.　　　　　　 n.混凝土　adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的
cast　
shadow　
rainbow　
pour　
concrete
6.plasma n.　　　　
7.aerospace n.　　　　　　　　　
8.patriotic adj.　　　　　
9.aviation n.　　　　　　　　　　　　　
10.　　　　　 vt.保卫;防守;辩解
11.jet n.　　　　　　　　　
12.missile n.　　　　
血浆　
航空航天工业　
爱国的　
航空制造业;航空;飞行
defend　
喷气式飞机　
导弹
13.　　　　　　 adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的
14.　　　　　　 adj.抽象的;理论上的 n.(文献等的)摘要
15.　　　　　　 adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的
16.　　　　　　 n.概念;观念
17.besides prep.　　　　　　　　　
adv.　　　　　
18.　　　　　　　 adv.此外;再者
outstanding　
abstract　
steady　
concept　
除……之外(还)　
而且;此外
furthermore　
19.　　　　　 n.弱点;过错
20.　　　　　 n.改变;转换;轮班 vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
21.　　　　　 adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
fault　
shift　
vivid
词汇拓展
1.mechanical adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的
→　　　　　　 n.机械师;机械修理工
2.assistant n.助理;助手→　　　　　　 n.帮助;援助
3.leadership n.领导;领导地位;领导才能
→　　　　　　 vt.领导→　　　　　　 n.领导者
4.gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的
→　　　　　　 n.赠品;礼物;天才;天赋
5.astronomy n.天文学→　　　　　　 n.天文学家
mechanic
assistance
lead
leader
gift
astronomer
重点短语
1.put pressure 　　　　　给……施加压力
2.have an impact 　　　　　对……有影响
3.break 　　　　　(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
4.　　　　　 charge of 主管;掌管
5.discourage sb 　　　　　doing sth 阻止某人做某事
6.　　　　　 one’s leadership 在……的领导下
on
on
out
in
from
under
7.be traced back 　　　　　追溯到
8.come down 　　　　　患(病);染上(小病)
9.point 　　　　　指出
10.　　　　　 all 最重要的是;尤其是
11.benefit 　　　　　从……获益
to
with
out
above
from
阅 读 自 测
Step 1　Fast Reading
一、快速浏览课文,判断正(T)误(F)
1.Qian Xuesen changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.(　　)
2.Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology in 1940.(　　)
F
F
3.Qian was not only interested in rocket science,but also interested in music and drawing.(　　)
4.Hawking first achieved fame before he came down with a disease.(　　)
5.Hawking was afraid to express his ideas,but he was willing to admit his faults.(　　)
T
T
F
Step 2　Detailed Reading
二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.Qian Xuesen was called “the father of China’s aerospace”, because 　　　.
A.he was patriotic and served his homeland with effort,achievement and devotion
B.he made the decision to switch his major to aerospace
C.he developed China’s rocket science,its space and missile programme first in China
D.he developed the major of aerospace in a China’s university
C
2.Why did Qian Xuesen decide to change his major at university
A.Because he wanted to get respect from others.
B.Because he would like to defend his country.
C.Because he wanted to go to the US for further study.
D.Because he found Railway Mechanical Engineering was boring.
B
3.When did Hawking first become famous
A.When he was still at university.
B.When he lost the use of his muscles.
C.After he suffered from a serious disease.
D.After he graduated from university.
A
4.How was Hawking’s own theory proven correct
A.By the steady state theory.
B.By Fred Hoyle’s study.
C.By his own mistakes.
D.By astronomers with telescopes.
D
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】 ...and it casts different shadows of you... (page 6)
……它投下你不同的影子……
考点cast vt.(cast,cast)投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
cast a look/glance at 向……瞥一眼
be cast down (by sth) (因某事)沮丧
cast doubt on对……产生怀疑
cast a shadow over给……蒙上阴影
语境领悟
(1)The fisherman cast his net into the water.
那个渔夫把网撒到水里。
(2)One morning,I cast a glance at the headlines of the newspaper.
一天早上,我瞥了一眼报纸上的大字标题。
(3)Don’t let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the experiment.
别为了实验中的小失败而垂头丧气。
(4)The fisherman caught a fish at his first cast.
那个渔夫撒下第一网就捕到了一条鱼。
(5)The latest scientific discoveries cast doubt on earlier theories.
最新的科学发现使我们对以前的学说产生了怀疑。
(6)The war cast a shadow over people.
战争给人们蒙上了一层阴影。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)He 　　　(cast) a glance at the clock and hurried away.
(2)He 　　　　　　(cast) down by the sad news.
(3)All eyes 　　　　　　(cast) upon the speaker and he felt a little uneasy.
完成句子
(4)他向那个女孩投去钦佩的目光。
He 　　　 　　　 　 　　 　　　 　　　　 at the girl.
cast
was cast
were cast
cast an admiring glance
2.【教材原文】A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid,but if you put any pressure on it,it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.(page 7)
非牛顿流体很奇怪,因为你可以把它像液体一样倒出来,但如果你对它施加压力,它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。
考点 pour vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
pour in/into涌进
pour out倒出;涌出;倾诉
pour out of...从……中涌出来
pour down(雨)倾盆而下
语境领悟
(1)People poured into the hall.
人们涌进大厅。
(2)After the meeting people poured out in crowds.
散会后人们成群地涌出来。
(3)The storm clouds gathered and the rain poured down.
乌云密布,下起了倾盆大雨。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)志愿者开始加入她的行列,书籍从全国各地涌来。
Volunteers started to join her,and books
　　　　　 　　　 　　　　　　all over the country.
(2)长城是一个如此著名的旅游景点,以至于每年都有数以百万计的游客蜂拥而至。
The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of tourists 　　　　 　　　　every year.
poured in from
pour in
(3)请在这待会儿吧,现在开始下起了倾盆大雨。
The rain has started to 　　　　　 　　　　at the moment, and stay here for a while please.
pour down
3.【教材原文】However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation...(page 7)
不过,1932年淞沪抗战爆发后,钱学森决定改学航空专业……
考点 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
break up 粉碎;破碎;结束;散开;解散
break down 出故障;失败;垮掉;使分解(为)
break in 强行进入;破门而入;打断
break into sth 强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)
break away from 脱离;突然挣脱
break through 冲破;突破
break off 断开;折断;停顿;中断
语境领悟
(1)I was still sleeping when the fire broke out,and it spread quickly.
我还正在熟睡中,这时突然发生了火灾,而且蔓延得很快。
(2)If you go on working like that,you will break down sooner or later.
如果你继续像那样工作的话,你迟早会累垮的。
(3)They were discussing something important when a man broke in.
他们正在谈论重要的事情,这时一名男子突然闯了进来。
(4)Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against heart disease.
科学家希望在治疗心脏病方面很快能有所突破。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The prisoner broke 　　　　　　from the guards while being taken to another jail.
(2)Her telephone had broken 　　　　　so that I couldn’t get through.
(3)We had to break 　　　　　　the house as we had lost the key.
away
down
into
(4)The river broke 　　　　　　its banks,and flooded the village for many miles around.
(5)Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks 　　　　
(6)Many branches broke 　　　　　　in the strong wind.
through
out
off
4.【教材原文】...he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(page 7)
……他意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家。
考点defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解
defend...against/from 保护……不受……;防御……
defence n.辩护;防御
in defence of 保护,防护;为……辩护
defence works 防御工事,防御工程
语境领悟
(1)He is better at defending than attacking.
他的防御能力比进攻能力强。
(2)They tried to defend themselves against the enemy with all their might.
他们竭尽全力抵抗敌人。
(3)Is there any man unwilling to fight in defence of his country
难道有人不愿意为保卫国家而战吗
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Some players are better at 　　　　　　(defend).
(2)The union said that they would take action
　　　　　　　(defend) their members’ jobs.
defending
to defend
完成句子
(3)无论付出什么代价,我们都要保卫我们的国家。
　　　 　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　,whatever the cost may be.
(4)我得为她说句话,她对此事一无所知。
I have to say 　　　 　　　　 　　　 　　　that she knew nothing about it.
We shall defend our country
in defence of her
5.【教材原文】He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(page 8)
他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
考点charge vt.& vi.收费;控告;充电　n.主管;收费
charge sb for sth 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事
take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……
in the charge of sb=in sb’s charge 受……的管理;由……负责
free of charge=for free 免费
语境领悟
(1)He charged me 20 yuan for repairing my bike.
修理自行车他收了我20元钱。
(2)He is charged with taking a car without the owner’s permission.
他因未征得车主的同意自行开走车而受到指控。
(3)Dr Smith is assigned to take charge of the department.
史密斯医生受命负责这个部门。
(4)I’ll be in charge of the whole factory next week when the manager is away.
下周经理不在时,我将负责整个工厂。
(5)The museum’s special exhibition area will be open to the public free of charge.
这家博物馆的特别展区将对公众免费开放。
温馨提示 in charge of多以人作主语,指“某人负责/主管某事”;in the charge of 多以物作主语,指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有in possession of、in the possession of、in control of、in the control of。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)He charged the man 　　　　　stealing the jewels.
(2)How much did he charge you 　　　　　repairing this pair of shoes
with
for
完成句子
(3)他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。
He offered to fix bikes 　　　 　　　 　　　　　for anyone who needed it.
(4)他父亲去世后他掌管了农场。
He 　　　 　　　　 　　　the farm after his father died.
free of charge
took charge of
6.【教材原文】Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.(page 8)
因患病,他大部分肌肉萎缩无力,他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
考点come down with 患(病);染上(小病)
come down 落下;降落;降低,下降
come in (潮水)上涨;涨潮;(赛跑比赛中)取得(某名次);变时髦;时兴;流行
come to do sth 变成;变得
come to 达到;合计
come to oneself 恢复常态;苏醒
come about 发生
come across (偶然)遇见;碰见;被理解
come along 出现;赶快;进展;跟随
come back 回来;再度流行;再次成功
come off 能被去掉(或除去);举行;发生;成功;达到预期效果(或结果)
come out 出来;出版;开花
come up 长出地面;破土而出;升起;发生;被提及
come up with 想出;找到(答案);拿出(一笔钱等)
语境领悟
(1)I don’t believe that he has come down with a disease,for his face is in good condition.
我不相信他患有疾病,因为他的脸色很好。
(2)In recent years,the price of these cars and related transport has been steadily coming down.
近年来,这些汽车和相关交通工具的价格一直在稳步下降。
(3)The rain came down at dusk and they had to quit.
黄昏时下起了雨,他们只好退出。
(4)The ceiling came down with a terrific crash.
天花板轰然倒塌了。
(5)We were forced to come down in a field.
我们被迫降落在田地里。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)How did it come 　　　　　that you had lost in the final
(2)He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn’t really come 　　　　　　.
(3)When the right opportunity comes 　　　　　　,take it.
(4)My first novel came 　　　　　　while I was at college.
about
across
along
out
完成句子
(5)当她苏醒过来时,她发现自己在医院里。
When she 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　　,she found herself in hospital.
(6)你认为价格会下降吗
Do you think the prices will 　　　 　 　　
came to herself
come down
句 型 剖 析
1.【教材原文】Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.(page 7)
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
句法分析
句中no...greater...than为“否定词+形容词/副词比较级+than”结构,表示最高级意义。
表示最高级意义的其他常见结构:
never+比较级
否定词+so+原级+as...
否定词+比较级+than...
语境领悟
(1)He is taller than anyone else in our class.
他比我们班上任何其他学生都高。
(2)I like dogs better than the other animals.
比起其他动物,我更喜欢狗。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)No other person is 　　　　　　　(good) to me than you.
(2)The building is much 　　　　　　(tall) than any other buildings in this area.
完成句子
(3)我想不出更好的主意。
I can’t think out 　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
better
taller
a better idea
2.【教材原文】Once the maths was corrected,it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true.(pages 8-9)
错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。
句法分析
once引导状语从句,表示“一旦……”。
语境领悟
(1)Once she has made up her mind,nothing can change it.
一旦她下了决心,没有什么可以改变它。
(2)Once you understand this rule,you will have no further difficulty.
一旦你理解这个规则,你就不会再有困难了。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)You won’t change her mind,　 she decides to do something.
完成句子
(2)一旦你听到了这个故事,你将永远无法忘记它。
　　 　　 　　 　 　 ,you will never be able to forget it.
(3)一旦你养成了坏习惯,就很难摆脱它。
　 　 　 　 　　　 　　 　　 　　　,it is very difficult to get rid of it.
once
Once you hear the story
Once you form a bad habit
一、单词拼写
1.The light from my candle threw his s　　　　　　 on the wall.
2.The country should have the right to d　　　　　　 itself with all legal means.
3.My a　　　　　　 will demonstrate the machine in action.
4.Nowadays the priority for travelling is s　　　　　 from shopping to food and scenery.
hadow
efend
ssistant
hifted
5.His painting went through both representational and
a　　　　　　 periods.
bstract
二、选词填空
break out;in charge of;come down with;above all;have a great impact on
1.I’d like to speak to the person who is 　　　 　　　this programme.
2.When World War Ⅰ　　　　　　　,he decided to join the army immediately.
in charge of
broke out
3.Parents’ words and deeds will 　　 　　　　　　　their children.
4.I have been coughing these days,so I think I am
　　　　　　　　　　the flu.
5.I want to buy a house—modern,comfortable,and
　　　　　　　　　in a quiet neighbourhood.
have a great impact on
coming down with
above all
三、单句语法填空
1.Some think that students should be trained to defend themselves 　　　　　some attacks.
2.He is a 　　　　　(gift) pianist who has been working hard to improve himself.
3.The number of the company’s exports has been increasing
　　　　　 (steady) in the past years.
4.Now my 　　　　　　 (assist) will give you some papers to read.
against
gifted
steadily
assistant
5.He must have come down 　　　　　a bad cold,for he has got a sore throat.
6.I was still living in London when the war broke 　　　　　.
7.These 　　　　　　　　　 (astronomer) made great contributions to the launch of the spacecraft.
8.Her eyes were shining 　　　　　　　　(brilliant),but soon her face lost its colour.
9.Unfortunately,this technology is no 　　　　　　(simple) than anything else.
with
out
astronomers
brilliantly
simpler
10.Under his 　　　　　　　(leader),we finished the work on schedule.
leadership

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