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Section Ⅱ　“Reading”的新知学习环节
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．the problem of soil protection ____________保护问题
2．the richest biodiversity 最丰富的____________
3．this tall and ancient brazil nut tree 这棵高大、古老的巴西____________树
4．the towering ancient hardwoods ____________、古老的阔叶树
5．feed on insects 以____________为食
6．a tiny army of microorganisms 一小支_____________军队
7．return the nutrients to the earth 让____________重回土壤之中
8．by fixing carbon 通过固定_____________________
9．over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen 占全球总量20%以上的____________
10．such as agriculture and cattle farming 例如农耕和养______________________
二、重点单词——写其形
1．____________ students　　 海外留学生
2．one ____________ of France 一块法国的领地
3．6 ____________ square kilometres 600万平方千米
4．endangered ____________ 濒危物种
5．protect ____________ 保护野生动植物
6．____________ the ocean's surface 　　 在海平面以下
7．weapons of ____________ destruction 大规模杀伤性武器
8．all ____________things 所有生物
9．____________， it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．
因此，它常常被称作“地球之肺”。
10.
11.
12．stop ____________ change 　　 阻止气候变化
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词)
1．continental: n．＋－al→adj.　
①addition→additional　　　　 附加的，额外的
②internation→international 国际的
③culture→cultural 文化的；教养的
④person→personal 个人的，私人的
2．lengthen: n．＋－en→vt.　
①threat→threaten 威胁，恐吓
②strength→strengthen 加强；巩固
③height→heighten 提高，增强
④fright→frighten 使惊吓，使惊恐
五、高级词块——通其用
1．________________　 给……带来/造成危害
2．________________ 砍倒
3．________________ 各种各样的；大量的
4．________________ 以……为食
5．________________ 相应地，转而
6．________________ 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
7．________________ 给……带来起色，注入活力
8．________________ 由于，因为
9．________________ 是……的栖息地
10．________________ 逐渐增加，扩大
1．The human race has done much harm.
人类已经造成巨大伤害。
★harm n．& vt.伤害，损害
|用|法|感|知|
This misunderstanding didn't harm our friendship.If anything, it strengthened it.
这次的误会并没有损害我们的友谊。如果有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。
As we all know, smoking does great harm to people's health.
众所周知，吸烟对人们的健康非常有害。
There is no harm in asking when you can't understand them.
当你不能理解它们时，问一下是没有坏处的。
[归纳点拨]
(1)do/cause harm to ...　　　 有害于……；
对……造成损害
There is no harm in doing sth.
＝It does no harm to do sth. 做某事没有坏处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to ... 对……有害
(3)harmless adj. 无害的
|应|用|融|会|
(一句多译)
　众所周知，观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子们有害。
①As we all know, watching violence on TV really ________________.(harm vt.)
②As we all know, watching violence on TV really ____________________.(harm n．)
③As we all know, watching violence on TV __________ really ________________.(harmful adj.)
2．The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。
★variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
|用|法|感|知|
(2023·浙江1月高考写作)I was struck by the incredible variety of plants that exist in our world and learned a lot about uses of various plant species.
我被我们这个世界上存在的植物种类震惊，对于各种植物的用途也了解了很多。
There will be a wide variety of activities to celebrate this unforgettable occasion.
将有各种各样的活动来庆祝这个难忘的时刻。
The research team is made up of pupils whose ages vary from 10 to 15.
研究小组由年龄从10岁到15岁不等的学生组成。
[归纳点拨]
(1)a variety of ＝ varieties of 各种各样的
(2)vary v．　　　　　　 (使)变化；不同
vary from ...to ... 从……到……不等；
在……到……之间变动
vary with ... 随着……而变化
vary in ... 在……方面不同/变化
(3)various adj. 不同的，各种各样的
(一般用于名词前)
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①Changes in price normally vary ____________ changes of supply and need.
②Though Lucy and Lily are twins, they vary ____________ character.
③I recommend the capital city, Beijing, to you, for it is an amazing city with a long history and ____________________ places of interest.
我向你推荐首都北京，因为它是一座历史悠久、拥有众多名胜古迹的神奇城市。
(2)替换加黑词汇
④Now, through various media, everyone is more aware of environmental and development issues there.________________
3．While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。
★survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难
|用|法|感|知|
(“倡议”类佳句)To make sure these beautiful animals are to survive, we should take action right now.
若要使这些美丽的动物生存下去，我们现在就要行动起来。
(“自然灾害”主题佳句)After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
那天晚上我们幸存下来后，我们相信其他一切都会好起来的。
She survived her husband by ten years.
她比她丈夫多活了十年。
归纳点拨 (1)survive sth.　　 幸免于；从……中挺过来/ 活下来survive on 依靠……生存下来A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……)(2)survivor n. 幸存者；生还者survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
名师点津 survive 表示“幸免于难”时，是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in、 from等。
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①Using a cave as shelter, the two men survived ____________ wild berries and raw fish.
②____________ (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
③For a sudden heart failure, the best chance for ____________ (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
(2)替换加黑词汇
④The tradition of paper－cutting, especially during the Spring Festival, has existed in China for thousands of years.____________
4．When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
★break down使分解(为)，使变化(成)；(机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；(谈判)失败；消除
|用|法|感|知|
(“建议”类佳句)Communication can help break down the barriers between you and your parents.
交流有助于消除你和父母之间的隔阂。
(“心理描写”佳句)She longed to break in on their conversation but didn't want to appear rude.
她很想打断他们的谈话，但又不愿显得粗鲁。
归纳点拨 break in　　　　 强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴break into 闯入，破门而入break out 爆发，突然发生break through 突破；克服，战胜break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离；摆脱break off 中断；折断
轻巧识记
|应|用|融|会|
(1)写出下列句中加黑部分的含义
①The printing machines are always breaking down. ________________
②Food is broken down in the stomach. ________________
③His health broke down because he had been working too hard. ________________
④The talks between the two sides have broken down. ________________
⑤It takes a long time to break down prejudices. ________________
(2)单句语法填空
⑥Mother broke ____________ my room and told me not to stay up or I would break ____________.
⑦I was still sleeping when the fire broke ____________， and then it spread quickly.
⑧Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break ____________ from all of my friends and never contact them.
5．Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。
★due to由于，因为(to是介词)
|用|法|感|知|
(名言警句)Failure is due to the neglect of the fine place, the success of the small.
失败源于忽视细节，成功始于重视小事。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
不是你就是你的一个学生要参加定于明天的会议。
(“情绪描写”佳句)We finally lost the match due to a lack of confidence and everyone was terribly depressed.
由于缺乏自信，我们最终输掉了比赛，每个人都沮丧极了。
归纳点拨 due adj. 由于，因为；预定；预期；应给予be due to do sth. 预计/预期做某事 (to为不定式符号)be due to sb. 应付给/应给予某人(to为介词)be due for sth. 应用某物；应得到某物
联想发散 表示“由于；因为”的其他短语：on account of；because of; as a result of等。
|应|用|融|会|
(1)替换加黑词汇
①Because of my English teacher's help, my English scores are always on the top of my class.________________
(2)完成句子
②The company's problems ________________ the poor management.
这家公司的问题是由于管理不善造成的。
③She ______________________ her studies and graduate later this year.
她预计今年晚些时候就要完成学业并毕业了。
④________________________________， we can take advantage of various online programs for further study.
由于互联网的快速发展，我们可以利用各种在线课程进行进一步的学习。
6．As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
★impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
|用|法|感|知|
(“人物描写”佳句)He is compassionate, honest and a thorough professional and his coaching has had a profound impact on my life.
他富有同情心，为人诚恳，是一个全面的专业人士，他的指导对我的生活产生了深远的影响。
(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Besides, he proposed the establishment of a national school system, which made a far－reaching impact on the Chinese educational system.
此外，他还倡导在全国各地建立学校体系，这对中国的教育制度产生了深远的影响。
The invention and application of the Internet impact on all aspects of people's life.
互联网的发明和应用影响了人们生活的各个方面。
[归纳点拨]
(1)have/make an impact on/upon sth./sb. 对某物/某人有影响
(2)impact on/upon ... 对……有影响/作用
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①Different cultural settings impact ____________ consumers' decision－making styles.
②They say they expect the meeting to have ____________ great impact on the future of the country.
(2)替换加黑词汇
③After the summer vacation, we couldn't return to school due to the effect/influence of the earthquake.____________
7．... it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients.
……土壤很难积累足够的养分。
★build up逐渐增加，扩大；增强……的体质；建立；开发；积累
|用|法|感|知|
(“活动介绍”佳句)By participating in such activities, we built up our strength, improved our skills and strengthened our sense of cooperation.
通过参加这些活动，我们强健了体魄，提高了技能，增强了合作意识。
The more confidence you build up in yourself, the greater your chances of success are.
你树立的自信心越强，成功的把握就越大。
[归纳点拨]
pick up　　　 捡起；(无意中)学会；
接收；搭载；(情况)好转
take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间或空间)
make up 编造；组成；化妆
break up 分裂；打碎；结束；解体；分手；放假
|应|用|融|会|
(1)写出下列句中加黑部分的含义
①To learn a language well, you must build up useful vocabularies.________________
②His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.________________
③Taking exercise not only keeps the students amused, but also builds up their strength.________________
④Therefore, let's take the responsibility to build up a low－carbon city by riding bicycles.________________
(2)完成句子
⑤In China, the shape of dumplings is like jinyuanbao, a kind of money, which symbolizes that ____________________________________________ next year.
在中国，饺子的形状就像“金元宝”——一种货币， 它象征着你的财富将在来年越积越多。
⑥It didn't take me long to ________________________________.
我很快就学会了这门语言的基础知识。
语言建构与运用否定前缀
(教材P5－B2内容的归纳拓展)
文中出现了unbelievable、 disappear、 irreplaceable、 non－smoking等词。这些词是由否定前缀un－、dis－、ir－/in－/im－/il－、non－构成。这些否定前缀主要放于名词、形容词、副词或动词前来构成它们的反义词，意为“未，不，无”等。
1．un－主要放于名词、形容词、副词前来构成反义词，意为“未，不，无”等，以un－为否定前缀的词有：
important→unimportant　　 不重要的
comfortable→uncomfortable 不舒服的
friendly→unfriendly 不友好的
employment→unemployment 失业
luckily→unluckily 不幸地
2．dis－主要加在名词、形容词、动词之前，意为“不，无”等，以dis－为否定前缀的词有：
advantage→disadvantage　　 缺点
honest→dishonest 不诚实的
agree→disagree 不同意
like→dislike 不喜欢
appear→disappear 消失
3．ir－放在以r开头的单词之前，意为“不”，以ir－为否定前缀的词有：
regular→irregular　　　　 不规则的；无规律的
resistable→irresistable 不可抵抗的
relevant→irrelevant 无关紧要的；不相关的
4．in－常加在形容词、名词之前，意为“不，无”，以in－为否定前缀的词有：
correct→incorrect　　　　　 不正确的
ability→inability 无能，无力
accurate→inaccurate 不准确的
5．im－加在以字母m、b、p开头的单词之前，意为“不”，以im－为否定前缀的词有：
possible→impossible　　　　 不可能的
polite→impolite 不礼貌的
moral→immoral 不道德的
6．il－主要加在以l开头的单词之前，意为“非，不”，以il－为否定前缀的词有：
legal→illegal　　　　　 非法的
logical→illogical 不合逻辑的
7．non－加在形容词、名词之前，意为“不”，以non－为否定前缀的词有：
existence→non－existence　　　　 不存在
stop→non－stop 不停的
[对点训练]　(用否定前缀构成的反义词填空)
①Her nervousness quickly ____________ (appear) once she was on stage.
②There is an ____________ (regular) rain in Sahara desert every year.
③The shoes are so small that they are __________ (comfortable) to wear.
④If someone does not show good manners to others, he is ____________ (polite)．
⑤Jim is so ____________ (honest) a man that no one believes him.
⑥It's ____________ (friendly) of him to say such rude words to his classmates.
⑦This argument sounds reasonable, but actually it's ____________ (correct)．
⑧Parents should realize that it's ____________ (legal) to read their children's letters without permission.
1．The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length ...
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米……
本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。from which the rainforest gets its name 是由“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，which指代先行词The Amazon River，在从句中作宾语。“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时要注意以下几点：
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词一般用whom(先行词指人)或which(先行词指物)。
(2)某些在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语的“介词＋关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、 where、 why互换。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①The colourless gas, ____________ which we can't live, is called oxygen.
②This is the teacher from ____________ we've learnt a lot.
③Courage is the ladder ____________ which all the other virtues mount.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)感谢你的帮助。没有你的帮助我可能就错过了这次重要的会议。
Thank you for your help, ________________________________________________.
⑤湿地是多种野生动物生存的自然环境。
The wetlands are the natural environment, ____________________________________.
2．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。
本句是表示方位的介词置于句首时引起的全部倒装句。
(1)表示时间(now、 then等)、方向或方位的副词(here、 there、 up、 down、 in、 out、 away、 off、 inside、 outside等)以及表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要用全部倒装。
(2)上述情况中，若主语为人称代词，而不是名词时，则主谓语序不变。如：
There he comes.他来了。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构(改为倒装句)
①A few high buildings stand inside our school.
→______________________ a few high buildings.
②My friend Jim was among them.
→______________________ my friend Jim.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③坐在前面的是一位老人，他给我们讲述了长征的故事。
Ahead ________________________________ who told us the stories about the Long March.
④(2024·1月新高考9省联考卷)他们惊讶地发现，在过滤箱(filter box)后面是收集来的各种各样的物体。
They found in surprise that ________________________ a collection of various objects.
课文缩写七选五
根据课文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Amazon rainforest, which is the largest rainforest in the world, plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
__1__With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.__2__They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found here.
Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.__3__What's more, more than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen.__4__ Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us.Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.__5__ We are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
A．Thus, it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．
B．Each level forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
C．The Amazon rainforest is very important because it is home to thousands of animals and plants.
D．As a result, the number of kinds of animals, birds, insects and trees in the world is decreasing.
E．On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems.
F．As the impact of human activities continues to grow, the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer.
G．The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent.
[答题区]　1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
Section Ⅱ　“Reading”的新知学习环节
课前词汇默写
一、1.土壤　2.生物多样性　3.坚果　4.高耸　5.昆虫
6．微生物　7.营养素　8.碳　9.氧气　10.牛
二、1.overseas　2.region　3.million　4.species　5.wildlife
6．beneath　7.mass　8.living 　9.Thus　10.①impact
②impact　11.①damage　②damage　12.climate
三、1.①harm　②harmful　2.①continent　②continental
3．①length　②lengthen　4.①variety　②various　③vary
5．①survive　②survivor　6.①disappear　②disappearance
7．①agriculture　②agricultural　8.①extinction　②extinct
五、1.do harm to　2.cut down　3.a variety of　4.feed on
5．in turn　6.break down　7.breathe life into　8.due to
9．be home to　10.build up
核心词汇突破
1．①harms children　②does/causes harm to children
③is; harmful to children
2．①with　②in　③various/a variety of/varieties of
④a variety of
3．①on　②Survivors　③survival　④survived
4．①(机器)出故障　②分解　③(身体)垮掉　④(谈判)失败　⑤消除　⑥into; down　⑦out　⑧away
5．①Due to　②are due to　③is due to complete
④Due to the rapid development of the Internet
6．①on/upon　②a　③impact
7．①积累　②逐渐增强　③增强……的体质　④建立
⑤your wealth will build up
⑥pick up the basic knowledge of the language
语言建构与运用|否定前缀
①disappeared　②irregular　③uncomfortable　④impolite
⑤dishonest　⑥unfriendly　⑦incorrect　⑧illegal
重点句式解构
1．①without　②whom　③on
④without which I could have missed the important conference
⑤in which a huge variety of wildlife lives
2．①Inside our school stand　②Among them was
③sat the old man　④behind the filter box is
随堂融通训练
1～5　GEBAF
13 / 13(共117张PPT)
“Reading”的新知学习环节
Section Ⅱ
课前词汇默写
核心词汇突破
重点句式解构
课时检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
05
随堂融通训练
04
01
课前词汇默写
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．the problem of soil protection _____保护问题
2．the richest biodiversity　 最丰富的___________
3．this tall and ancient brazil nut tree
这棵高大、古老的巴西_____树
4．the towering ancient hardwoods _____、古老的阔叶树
5．feed on insects 以_____为食
6．a tiny army of microorganisms 一小支_______军队
土壤
生物多样性
坚果
高耸
昆虫
微生物
7．return the nutrients to the earth
让_______重回土壤之中
8．by fixing carbon 通过固定_____
9．over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen
占全球总量20%以上的_____
10．such as agriculture and cattle farming
例如农耕和养____
营养素
碳
氧气
牛
二、重点单词——写其形
1．________ students　　　　　 海外留学生
2．one _______ of France 一块法国的领地
3．6 ______ square kilometres 600万平方千米
4．endangered _______ 濒危物种
5．protect ________ 保护野生动植物
6．_______ the ocean's surface 在海平面以下
7．weapons of _____destruction 大规模杀伤性武器
8．all _______ things 所有生物
overseas
region
million
species
wildlife
beneath
mass
living
9．______, it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．
因此，它常常被称作“地球之肺”。
Thus
impact
impact
12．stop ________ change 　 阻止气候变化
climate
damage
damage
三、活用单词——悉其变
harm
harmful
continent
continental
length
lengthen
variety
various
vary
survive
survivor
disappear
disappearance
agriculture
agricultural
extinction
extinct
四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词)
1．continental: n．＋－al→adj.　
①addition→additional　　　　 附加的，额外的
②internation→international 国际的
③culture→cultural 文化的；教养的
④person→personal 个人的，私人的
2．lengthen: n．＋－en→vt.　
①threat→threaten 威胁，恐吓
②strength→strengthen 加强；巩固
③height→heighten 提高，增强
④fright→frighten 使惊吓，使惊恐
五、高级词块——通其用
1．____________　　　　 给……带来/造成危害
2． ____________ 砍倒
3． ____________ 各种各样的；大量的
4． ____________ 以……为食
5． ____________ 相应地，转而
do harm to
cut down
a variety of
feed on
in turn
6． ____________ 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
7． ____________ 给……带来起色，注入活力
8． ____________ 由于，因为
9． ____________ 是……的栖息地
10． ____________ 逐渐增加，扩大
break down
breathe life into
due to
be home to
build up
02
核心词汇突破
1．The human race has done much harm.
人类已经造成巨大伤害。
★harm n．& vt.伤害，损害
|用|法|感|知|
This misunderstanding didn't harm our friendship.If anything, it strengthened it.
这次的误会并没有损害我们的友谊。如果有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。
As we all know, smoking does great harm to people's health.
众所周知，吸烟对人们的健康非常有害。
There is no harm in asking when you can't understand them.
当你不能理解它们时，问一下是没有坏处的。
This misunderstanding didn't harm our friendship.If anything, it strengthened it.
这次的误会并没有损害我们的友谊。如果有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。
As we all know, smoking does great harm to people's health.
众所周知，吸烟对人们的健康非常有害。
There is no harm in asking when you can't understand them.
当你不能理解它们时，问一下是没有坏处的。
[归纳点拨]
(1)do/cause harm to ...　　　 有害于……；
对……造成损害
There is no harm in doing sth.＝It does no harm to do sth.
做某事没有坏处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to ... 对……有害
(3)harmless adj. 无害的
(1)do/cause harm to ...　　　 有害于……；
对……造成损害
There is no harm in doing sth.
＝It does no harm to do sth. 做某事没有坏处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to ... 对……有害
(3)harmless adj. 无害的
|应|用|融|会|
(一句多译)
众所周知，观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子们有害。
①As we all know, watching violence on TV really_____________. (harm vt.)
②As we all know, watching violence on TV really______________
___________. (harm n．)
③As we all know, watching violence on TV ___ really__________
___________. (harmful adj.)
harms children
does/causes harm
to children
is
harmful
to children
★variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
|用|法|感|知|
(2023·浙江1月高考写作)I was struck by the incredible variety of plants that exist in our world and learned a lot about uses of various plant species.
我被我们这个世界上存在的植物种类震惊，对于各种植物的用途也了解了很多。
2．The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。
There will be a wide variety of activities to celebrate this unforgettable occasion.
将有各种各样的活动来庆祝这个难忘的时刻。
The research team is made up of pupils whose ages vary from 10 to 15.
研究小组由年龄从10岁到15岁不等的学生组成。
(1)a variety of ＝ varieties of 各种各样的
(2)vary v．　　　　　　 (使)变化；不同
vary from ...to ... 从……到……不等；
在……到……之间变动
vary with ... 随着……而变化
vary in ... 在……方面不同/变化
(3)various adj. 不同的，各种各样的
(一般用于名词前)
[归纳点拨]
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①Changes in price normally vary ____ changes of supply and need.
②Though Lucy and Lily are twins, they vary ___ character.
③I recommend the capital city, Beijing, to you, for it is an amazing city with a long history and _____________________________ places of interest.
我向你推荐首都北京，因为它是一座历史悠久、拥有众多名胜古迹的神奇城市。
with
in
various/a variety of/varieties of
(2)替换加黑词汇
④Now, through various media, everyone is more aware of environmental and development issues there. ____________
3．While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。
a variety of
★survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难
|用|法|感|知|
(“倡议”类佳句)To make sure these beautiful animals are to survive, we should take action right now.
若要使这些美丽的动物生存下去，我们现在就要行动起来。
(“自然灾害”主题佳句)After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
那天晚上我们幸存下来后，我们相信其他一切都会好起来的。
She survived her husband by ten years.
她比她丈夫多活了十年。
归纳点拨 (1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活下来
survive on 依靠……生存下来
A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……)
(2)survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
名师点津 survive 表示“幸免于难”时，是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in、 from等。
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①Using a cave as shelter, the two men survived ____ wild berries and raw fish.
② __________ (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
③For a sudden heart failure, the best chance for ________ (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
on
Survivors
survival
(2)替换加黑词汇
④The tradition of paper－cutting, especially during the Spring Festival, has existed in China for thousands of years. ________
4．When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
survived
★break down使分解(为)，使变化(成)；(机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；(谈判)失败；消除
|用|法|感|知|
(“建议”类佳句)Communication can help break down the barriers between you and your parents.
交流有助于消除你和父母之间的隔阂。
(“心理描写”佳句)She longed to break in on their conversation but didn't want to appear rude.
她很想打断他们的谈话，但又不愿显得粗鲁。
归纳点拨 break in　　　　 强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴
break into　　　 闯入，破门而入
break out 爆发，突然发生
break through 突破；克服，战胜
break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离；摆脱
break off 中断；折断
轻巧识记
|应|用|融|会|
(1)写出下列句中加黑部分的含义
①The printing machines are always breaking down.____________
②Food is broken down in the stomach._______
③His health broke down because he had been working too hard.__________
④The talks between the two sides have broken down.__________
⑤It takes a long time to break down prejudices._______
(机器)出故障
分解
(身体)垮掉
(谈判)失败
消除
(2)单句语法填空
⑥Mother broke _______ my room and told me not to stay up or I would break _______.
⑦I was still sleeping when the fire broke ______, and then it spread quickly.
⑧Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break ________ from all of my friends and never contact them.
into
down
out
away
5．Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。
★due to由于，因为(to是介词)
|用|法|感|知|
(名言警句)Failure is due to the neglect of the fine place, the success of the small.
失败源于忽视细节，成功始于重视小事。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
不是你就是你的一个学生要参加定于明天的会议。
(“情绪描写”佳句)We finally lost the match due to a lack of confidence and everyone was terribly depressed.由于缺乏自信，我们最终输掉了比赛，每个人都沮丧极了。
归纳点拨 due adj. 由于，因为；预定；预期；应给予
be due to do sth. 预计/预期做某事 (to为不定式符号)
be due to sb. 应付给/应给予某人(to为介词)
be due for sth. 应用某物；应得到某物
联想发散 表示“由于；因为”的其他短语：on account of；because of; as a result of等。
|应|用|融|会|
(1)替换加黑词汇
①Because of my English teacher's help, my English scores are always on the top of my class.________
(2)完成句子
②The company's problems ___________ the poor management.
这家公司的问题是由于管理不善造成的。
③She ________________ her studies and graduate later this year.
她预计今年晚些时候就要完成学业并毕业了。
Due to
are due to
is due to complete
④__________________________________________, we can take advantage of various online programs for further study.　由于互联网的快速发展，我们可以利用各种在线课程进行进一步的学习。
6．As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
Due to the rapid development of the Internet
★impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
|用|法|感|知|
(“人物描写”佳句)He is compassionate, honest and a thorough professional and his coaching has had a profound impact on my life.
他富有同情心，为人诚恳，是一个全面的专业人士，他的指导对我的生活产生了深远的影响。
(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Besides, he proposed the establishment of a national school system, which made a far－reaching impact on the Chinese educational system.此外，他还倡导在全国各地建立学校体系，这对中国的教育制度产生了深远的影响。
The invention and application of the Internet impact on all aspects of people's life.
互联网的发明和应用影响了人们生活的各个方面。
(1)have/make an impact on/upon sth./sb.
对某物/某人有影响
(2)impact on/upon ... 对……有影响/作用
[归纳点拨]
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①Different cultural settings impact __________ consumers' decision－making styles.
②They say they expect the meeting to have ____ great impact on the future of the country.
(2)替换加黑词汇
③After the summer vacation, we couldn't return to school due to the effect/influence of the earthquake._________
on/upon
a
impact
7．... it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients.
……土壤很难积累足够的养分。
★build up逐渐增加，扩大；增强……的体质；建立；开发；积累
|用|法|感|知|
(“活动介绍”佳句)By participating in such activities, we built up our strength, improved our skills and strengthened our sense of cooperation.
通过参加这些活动，我们强健了体魄，提高了技能，增强了合作意识。
The more confidence you build up in yourself, the greater your chances of success are.
你树立的自信心越强，成功的把握就越大。
pick up　　　 捡起；(无意中)学会；
接收；搭载；(情况)好转
take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间或空间)
make up 编造；组成；化妆
break up 分裂；打碎；结束；解体；分手；放假
[归纳点拨]
|应|用|融|会|
(1)写出下列句中加黑部分的含义
①To learn a language well, you must build up useful vocabularies._______
②His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.__________
③Taking exercise not only keeps the students amused, but also builds up their strength.________________
④Therefore, let's take the responsibility to build up a low－carbon city by riding bicycles._______
积累
逐渐增强
增强……的体质
建立
(2)完成句子
⑤In China, the shape of dumplings is like jinyuanbao, a kind of money, which symbolizes that _______________________ next year.
在中国，饺子的形状就像“金元宝”——一种货币， 它象征着你的财富将在来年越积越多。
⑥It didn't take me long to__________________________________.
我很快就学会了这门语言的基础知识。
your wealth will build up
pick up the basic knowledge of the language
语言建构与运用|否定前缀
(教材P5－B2内容的归纳拓展)
文中出现了unbelievable、 disappear、 irreplaceable、 non－smoking等词。这些词是由否定前缀un－、dis－、ir－/in－/im－/il－、non－构成。这些否定前缀主要放于名词、形容词、副词或动词前来构成它们的反义词，意为“未，不，无”等。
1．un－主要放于名词、形容词、副词前来构成反义词，意为“未，不，无”等，以un－为否定前缀的词有：
important→unimportant　　 不重要的
comfortable→uncomfortable 不舒服的
friendly→unfriendly 不友好的
employment→unemployment 失业
luckily→unluckily 不幸地
2．dis－主要加在名词、形容词、动词之前，意为“不，无”等，以dis－为否定前缀的词有：
advantage→disadvantage　　 缺点
honest→dishonest 不诚实的
agree→disagree 不同意
like→dislike 不喜欢
appear→disappear 消失
3．ir－放在以r开头的单词之前，意为“不”，以ir－为否定前缀的词有：
regular→irregular　　　　 不规则的；无规律的
resistable→irresistable 不可抵抗的
relevant→irrelevant 无关紧要的；不相关的
4．in－常加在形容词、名词之前，意为“不，无”，以in－为否定前缀的词有：
correct→incorrect　　　　　 不正确的
ability→inability 无能，无力
accurate→inaccurate 不准确的
5．im－加在以字母m、b、p开头的单词之前，意为“不”，以im－为否定前缀的词有：
possible→impossible　　　　 不可能的
polite→impolite 不礼貌的
moral→immoral 不道德的
6．il－主要加在以l开头的单词之前，意为“非，不”，以il－为否定前缀的词有：
legal→illegal　　　　　 非法的
logical→illogical 不合逻辑的
7．non－加在形容词、名词之前，意为“不”，以non－为否定前缀的词有：
existence→non－existence　　　不存在
stop→non－stop 不停的
[对点训练]　(用否定前缀构成的反义词填空)
①Her nervousness quickly ____________ (appear) once she was on stage.
②There is an ________ (regular) rain in Sahara desert every year.
③The shoes are so small that they are _____________ (comfortable) to wear.
④If someone does not show good manners to others, he is ________ (polite)．
disappeared
irregular
uncomfortable
impolite
⑤Jim is so ___________ (honest) a man that no one believes him.
⑥It's __________ (friendly) of him to say such rude words to his classmates.
⑦This argument sounds reasonable, but actually it's _________ (correct)．
⑧Parents should realize that it's ______ (legal) to read their children's letters without permission.
dishonest
unfriendly
incorrect
illegal
03
重点句式解构
1．The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length ...
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米……
本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。from which the rainforest gets its name 是由“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，which指代先行词The Amazon River，在从句中作宾语。“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时要注意以下几点：
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词一般用whom(先行词指人)或which(先行词指物)。
(2)某些在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语的“介词＋关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、 where、 why互换。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①The colourless gas, _______ which we can't live, is called oxygen.
②This is the teacher from _______ we've learnt a lot.
③Courage is the ladder _____ which all the other virtues mount.
without
whom
on
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)感谢你的帮助。没有你的帮助我可能就错过了这次重要的会议。
Thank you for your help, __________________________________
____________________.
⑤湿地是多种野生动物生存的自然环境。
The wetlands are the natural environment, ___________________
______________.
without which I could have missed the
important conference
in which a huge variety
of wildlife lives
2．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。
本句是表示方位的介词置于句首时引起的全部倒装句。
(1)表示时间(now、 then等)、方向或方位的副词(here、 there、 up、 down、 in、 out、 away、 off、 inside、 outside等)以及表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要用全部倒装。
(2)上述情况中，若主语为人称代词，而不是名词时，则主谓语序不变。如：
There he comes.他来了。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构(改为倒装句)
①A few high buildings stand inside our school.
→_____________________ a few high buildings.
②My friend Jim was among them.
→________________ my friend Jim.
Inside our school stand
Among them was
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③坐在前面的是一位老人，他给我们讲述了长征的故事。
Ahead _______________ who told us the stories about the Long March.
④(2024·1月新高考9省联考卷)他们惊讶地发现，在过滤箱(filter box)后面是收集来的各种各样的物体。
They found in surprise that ____________________ a collection of various objects.
sat the old man
behind the filter box is
04
随堂融通训练
课文缩写七选五
根据课文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Amazon rainforest, which is the largest rainforest in the world, plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
__1__With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. __2__ They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found here.
Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. __3__ What's more, more than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. __4__ Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us.Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. __5__ We are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
A．Thus, it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．
B．Each level forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
C．The Amazon rainforest is very important because it is home to thousands of animals and plants.
D．As a result, the number of kinds of animals, birds, insects and trees in the world is decreasing.
E．On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems.
F．As the impact of human activities continues to grow, the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer.
G．The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent.
答案：1～5　GEBAF
05
课时检测
(一)单词拼写(8分)
(1)Some environmentalists urged that the government take effective measures to conserve the _________ (野生动植物)．
(2)There are many __________ (海外的) students now coming to China to study Chinese.
(3)Ancient historians wrote of a lost ___________ (大陆) beneath the ocean.
(4)Many young farmers have come to big cities to make a _______ (谋生)．
wildlife
overseas
continent
living
(5)It has been suggested that _________ (哺乳动物) took over from dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
(6)You'd better water the plant regularly, never letting the _____ (土壤) dry out.
(7)For most of the year, we have a dry ________ (气候) in Beijing.
(8)The world's tropical forests are _____________ (消失) at an even faster rate than experts had thought.
mammals
soil
climate
disappearing
(二)单句语法填空(20分)
(9)It's apparently rare for anyone to have two legs of the same ___________ (long)．
(10)2,000 of France's 4,200 _________ (species) of flowering plants are found in the park.
(11)Our goods compete in terms of product quality, reliability and above all ________ (vary)．
(12)Exceptionally dry weather over the past year has cut ___________ (agriculture) production.
length
species
variety
agricultural
(13)We're concerned about the impact that smartphones have _____ how we live and how we work.
(14)An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from __________ (extinct)．
(15)The earthquake caused damage _____ property estimated at $6 million.
(16)Her work has given pleasure to ________ (million) of readers.
(17)The temple's most breath－taking feature is a _________ (tower) pagoda.
(18)The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no _________ (survive)．
extinction
on
to
millions
towering
survivors
(三)选词填空(20分)
do harm to, cut down, a variety of, feed on, in turn, break down, breathe life into, be home to, build up, due to
(19)They ordered that for every tree __________, two more should be planted.
(20)Increased production will, ________, lead to increased profits.
(21)The entrepreneur's success was largely ________ his excellent judgment.
(22)This country ___________ more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.
cut down
in turn
due to
is home to
(23)We must tell more people how important rainforests are so that they will stop ________________ them.
(24)It is the readers who _____________ a newspaper with their letters.
(25)The aim of those activities is to help students __________ confidence to speak English in public.
(26)It is known that animals like tigers which _________ meat belong to meat－eating animals.
doing harm to
breathe life into
build up
feed on
(27)When food waste _____________ in a landfill, it produces greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming.
(28)He left school, and tried his hand at _____________ jobs — bricklayer, cinema usher, coal man, etc.
breaks down
a variety of
(四)完成句子(8分)
(29)__________________________ a tall tree with a history of over 1,000 years, which is protected by the government now.
在我们的房子前面矗立着一棵1 000多年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。
(30)_______________________, I do not have much time available.
尽管我愿意帮忙，但我没有多少时间。
In front of our house stands
While I am willing to help
(31)One may make progress in his English studying _____________________________.
一个人可以通过多听、多讲使他的英语成绩得到提高。
(32)I know people's strength changes ______________.
我知道人们的体力会随着年龄的增长而变化。
as they get older
by listening and speaking more
第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
(一)阅读理解
More and more birds are flying to settle at Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of local governments.Covering an area of over 4,000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the country's biggest salt－water lake.Located in Northwest China's Qinghai Province, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point — Cormorant Island and Egg Island.The
two islands have plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources for birds.The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called “Bird Islands”．
Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai－Tibet Plateau start to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs.During the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and birds eggs can be found everywhere.Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away.These have become a world－famous symbol of the lake.
To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake Natural Protection Zone at the end of 1997.Meanwhile, the State has pointed out the Bird Islands and Spring bay of the Qinghai Lake as central protection zones.
Inspection officials and management employees often patrol the lake, improving local residents' knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors.They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds.At the same time, they have built special fences around the island area to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous (食肉的) animals, as well
as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds' nest－building, egg－laying and breeding.As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了越来越多的鸟类来到青海湖，当地政府采取了有效的保护措施，使这个地方成为鸟类的天堂。
1．Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest salt－water lake in the great Northwest
A．It is getting warmer and warmer.
B．It is being reformed.
C．Environments there are getting more and more agreeable for them to live in.
D．The people there are becoming richer and richer.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，多亏了当地政府的保护，越来越多的鸟类迁徙到青海湖。由此可推知，青海湖是一个适宜鸟类生活的地方。
√
2．What do the birds feed on according to the passage
A．Floating fish and various grass.
B．Grass moving on the water surface and different kinds of fish.
C．Salt water and plenty of grains.
D．Corn from the local farmers.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources for birds”可知，鸟类是以水草和各种鱼类为食的。
√
√
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．The ice and snow covering the Qinghai－Tibet Plateau won't change into water unless more than 20 kinds of birds come to the Bird Islands.
B．Flocks of birds fly up to the whole sky over islands to lay eggs.
C．Visitors can listen to the singing of birds from miles away, but they couldn't see any bird.
D．“The ice on the Plateau begins to change into water” means spring is coming.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai－Tibet Plateau start to melt”可知，每年的三四月份，冰雪开始融化，这意味着春天来了。
4．The officials go around the lake mainly to ________.
A．let the farmers there know the animal protection law
B．tell the farmers there some knowledge about animal protection
C．call on people to love and protect the birds
D．all of the above
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句可知，政府官员经常巡视湖泊是向当地人们普及动物保护法，宣传保护动物的知识，并呼吁人们爱护鸟类。
(二)完形填空( )
Natalie and Callie, both 13 years old, started raising monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶) for fun in 2020.But after realizing monarch butterflies were an endangered species, their __5__ soon turned into a serious mission.
They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had __6__ since the early 1990s, due to habitat __7__ and widespread use of chemicals, which made the milkweeds monarch butterflies __8__ for their main diet dangerous to eat.
So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden __9__ for the monarch butterflies.The garden grew organic milkweeds that __10__ and kept the butterflies.To help __11__ the locals to sustain the monarch butterfly's population, they created an exhibition about monarch butterflies in the local library.They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town, but it __12__ a lot.To cover the expense, they set up a stand at the Farmers Market to sell their __13__ milkweeds for people to plant.Although the fundraising days were __14__， they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people's support.
The team has won the Silver Award for their __15__ of taking care of these butterflies, but they are not __16__ with their work.“Our next step is to cut down on the use of __17__ to guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies，” said Natalie.In the award ceremony, their teacher Brian __18__， “I am so proud of them for their constant __19__.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了13岁的Natalie和Callie之前把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一个业余爱好，但是当她们了解到黑脉金斑蝶是濒危物种后，便开始采取措施保护黑脉金斑蝶。
5．A.dream　　　　　　　 B．hobby
C．career D．decision
解析：根据上文中的“started raising monarch butterflies for fun”可知，Natalie 和Callie之前养黑脉金斑蝶只是一种业余爱好(hobby)。
√
√
6．A.doubled B．aged
C．declined D．exploded
解析：根据上文中的“monarch butterflies were an endangered species”可知，黑脉金斑蝶的数量在下降(declined)。
7．A.management B．assessment
C．selection D．destruction
√
解析：根据空后的“widespread use of chemicals”和常识可知，黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因之一是栖息地遭到了破坏(destruction)。
8．A.relied on B．kept off
C．broke down D．gave away
解析：根据空后的“their main diet dangerous to eat”可知，黑脉金斑蝶依赖(relied on)马利筋草作为其主要食物。
√
9．A.partly B．secretly
C．rarely D．specially
解析：根据下文中的“grew organic milkweeds”可知，两个女孩联合国家级非营利性团体在当地种了一个专门(specially)针对黑脉金斑蝶的花园。
√
10．A.attracted B．protected
C．monitored D．trapped
解析：根据空后的“and kept the butterflies”可知，此处指有机的马利筋草可以吸引(attracted)黑脉金斑蝶。
√
11．A.employ B．educate
C．force D．limit
解析：根据语境和常识可知，她们在当地图书馆举办展览是为了教育(educate)当地人如何维持黑脉金斑蝶的数量。
√
12．A.meant B．cost
C．changed D．hurt
解析：根据下文中的“To cover the expense”和“the fundraising”可知，在镇里搭建教育标牌花费(cost)较大。
√
13．A.dry B．medical
C．healthy D．wild
解析：此处呼应上文中的“organic milkweeds”，因此这些马利筋草是健康的(healthy)。
√
14．A.pleasing B．light
C．long D．disappointing
解析：根据下文中的“they finally succeeded in earning enough money”可以推断，筹款活动尽管花费的时间有点儿长(long)，但效果还不错。
√
15．A.project B．concept
C．schedule D．assignment
解析：根据语境和上文中的“a serious mission”可知，此处指的是她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的项目(project)。
√
16．A.concerned B．connected
C．finished D．occupied
解析：根据下文中的“Our next step is to cut down on the use”可知，她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的行动并没有结束(finished)。
√
17．A.chemicals B．time
C．funds D．energy
解析：根据上文中的“widespread use of chemicals”和下文中的“guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies”可知，她们下一步的目标是要减少化学品(chemicals)的使用，以确保黑脉金斑蝶的环境安全。
√
18．A.quoted B．continued
C．replied D．commented
解析：根据下文中的“I am so proud of them for their constant _________.”可知，这是老师对她们的评价(commented)。
√
19．A.donations B．support
C．patience D．efforts
解析：根据全文可知，Natalie和Callie一直在为保护黑脉金斑蝶付出努力(efforts)，老师也为此感到骄傲。
√
(三)语法填空(15分)
Earlier 2019, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development published __20__ most comprehensive analysis up to now of how climate change will affect the glaciers (冰川) of the world, __21__ (warn) that about 18,000 glaciers will disappear by 2100.
This is a bad __22__ (predict) for some 1.9 billion South Asians, __23__ use water from these glaciers not only for drinking but also for agriculture，hydroelectric power (水力发电), and tourism.But the survey also looked at an immediate question: As the glaciers __24__ (rapid) melt，where will all the water — more than a quadrillion gallons of it, almost the amount __25__ (contain) in Lake Huron — go
The answer is that the Himalaya, for example, long defined by __26__ (it) glaciers, is becoming a mountain range defined by lakes.In fact, another study found that from 1990 to 2010, more than 900 new glacier－fed lakes __27__ (form) across Asia's high mountain ranges.Because of those remote locations, scientists must rely __28__ satellites to count them, and new lakes appear to be growing so quickly that it's difficult for scientific teams to agree on the precise number.It's all happening much __29__ (fast) than we expected it to even five or ten years ago.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变暖加速了冰川的融化，这给依靠冰山取水的地区以及喜马拉雅山脉都带来了极大的影响。
20．the　考查冠词。根据空后表示范围的“up to now”可知，此处应用最高级。形容词最高级前应使用定冠词the。
21．warning　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词作伴随状语；warn与主语the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式warning。
22．prediction　考查名词。该空前面有“a bad”修饰，应使用单数名词。
23．who　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，从句修饰先行词South Asians，故用关系代词who。
24．rapidly　考查副词。空处修饰动词melt，故用副词形式rapidly。
25．contained　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，contain与the amount构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
26．its　考查代词。空处修饰后面的名词glaciers，故用形容词性物主代词its。
27．were formed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子主语是more than 900 new glacier－fed lakes，与动词form构成动宾关系；时间状语是“from 1990 to 2010”，应用一般过去时，且主语为复数，故填were formed。
28．on/upon　考查介词。此处表示科学家必须依靠人造卫星来计算它们的数量。rely on/upon意为“依靠，依赖”，为固定搭配。
29．faster　考查副词的比较级。根据空前的“much”和空后的“than”可知，此处应用所给词的比较级形式。故填faster。
(四)主题微写作(15分)
人类对热带雨林的不断砍伐和破坏，导致雨林的面积逐渐缩小。现请你以“How to Protect Rainforests”为题，写一篇60词左右的短文来倡导人们保护雨林，并告诉大家怎样保护雨林。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
How to Protect Rainforests
Rainforests are very important to us.They are the “lungs of the earth”．However, rainforests are becoming smaller and smaller, so we should protect them.
First, we can show and tell people the importance of rainforests.Second, we should use less paper.When we use paper, we must use both sides of the paper.Third, we should ask people not to cut down the trees.Finally, we can encourage people to plant more trees.UNIT 1　课时检测(二)　“Reading”的新知学习环节
第Ⅰ卷　语言基础训练
(一)单词拼写(8分)
(1)Some environmentalists urged that the government take effective measures to conserve the ________ (野生动植物)．
(2)There are many ____________ (海外的) students now coming to China to study Chinese.
(3)Ancient historians wrote of a lost ____________ (大陆) beneath the ocean.
(4)Many young farmers have come to big cities to make a ____________ (谋生)．
(5)It has been suggested that __________ (哺乳动物) took over from dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
(6)You'd better water the plant regularly, never letting the ____________ (土壤) dry out.
(7)For most of the year, we have a dry ____________ (气候) in Beijing.
(8)The world's tropical forests are __________ (消失) at an even faster rate than experts had thought.
(二)单句语法填空(20分)
(9)It's apparently rare for anyone to have two legs of the same ____________ (long)．
(10)2,000 of France's 4,200 ____________ (species) of flowering plants are found in the park.
(11)Our goods compete in terms of product quality, reliability and above all ____________ (vary)．
(12)Exceptionally dry weather over the past year has cut ____________ (agriculture) production.
(13)We're concerned about the impact that smartphones have ____________ how we live and how we work.
(14)An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from ____________ (extinct)．
(15)The earthquake caused damage ____________ property estimated at $6 million.
(16)Her work has given pleasure to ____________ (million) of readers.
(17)The temple's most breath－taking feature is a ____________ (tower) pagoda.
(18)The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no ____________ (survive)．
(三)选词填空(20分)
do harm to, cut down, a variety of, feed on, in turn, break down, breathe life into, be home to, build up, due to
(19)They ordered that for every tree ______________， two more should be planted.
(20)Increased production will, ________________， lead to increased profits.
(21)The entrepreneur's success was largely ________________ his excellent judgment.
(22)This country ________________ more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.
(23)We must tell more people how important rainforests are so that they will stop ________________ them.
(24)It is the readers who ________________ a newspaper with their letters.
(25)The aim of those activities is to help students ________________ confidence to speak English in public.
(26)It is known that animals like tigers which ________________ meat belong to meat－eating animals.
(27)When food waste ________________ in a landfill, it produces greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming.
(28)He left school, and tried his hand at __________ jobs — bricklayer, cinema usher, coal man, etc.
(四)完成句子(8分)
(29)________________________ a tall tree with a history of over 1,000 years, which is protected by the government now.
在我们的房子前面矗立着一棵1 000多年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。
(30)____________________________， I do not have much time available.
尽管我愿意帮忙，但我没有多少时间。
(31)One may make progress in his English studying ________________________________.
一个人可以通过多听、多讲使他的英语成绩得到提高。
(32)I know people's strength changes ________________________________________.
我知道人们的体力会随着年龄的增长而变化。
第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练
(标语篇配有教师讲评课件。选择题在答题区内作答，主观题在题后作答)
(一)阅读理解
More and more birds are flying to settle at Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of local governments.Covering an area of over 4,000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the country's biggest salt－water lake.Located in Northwest China's Qinghai Province, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point — Cormorant Island and Egg Island.The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources for birds.The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called “Bird Islands”．
Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai－Tibet Plateau start to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs.During the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and birds eggs can be found everywhere.Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away.These have become a world－famous symbol of the lake.
To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake Natural Protection Zone at the end of 1997.Meanwhile, the State has pointed out the Bird Islands and Spring bay of the Qinghai Lake as central protection zones.
Inspection officials and management employees often patrol the lake, improving local residents' knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors.They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds.At the same time, they have built special fences around the island area to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous (食肉的) animals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds' nest－building, egg－laying and breeding.As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding.
1．Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest salt－water lake in the great Northwest
A．It is getting warmer and warmer.
B．It is being reformed.
C．Environments there are getting more and more agreeable for them to live in.
D．The people there are becoming richer and richer.
2．What do the birds feed on according to the passage
A．Floating fish and various grass.
B．Grass moving on the water surface and different kinds of fish.
C．Salt water and plenty of grains.
D．Corn from the local farmers.
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．The ice and snow covering the Qinghai－Tibet Plateau won't change into water unless more than 20 kinds of birds come to the Bird Islands.
B．Flocks of birds fly up to the whole sky over islands to lay eggs.
C．Visitors can listen to the singing of birds from miles away, but they couldn't see any bird.
D．“The ice on the Plateau begins to change into water” means spring is coming.
4．The officials go around the lake mainly to ________.
A．let the farmers there know the animal protection law
B．tell the farmers there some knowledge about animal protection
C．call on people to love and protect the birds
D．all of the above
(二)完形填空()
Natalie and Callie, both 13 years old, started raising monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶) for fun in 2020.But after realizing monarch butterflies were an endangered species, their__5__ soon turned into a serious mission.
They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had __6__ since the early 1990s, due to habitat __7__ and widespread use of chemicals, which made the milkweeds monarch butterflies __8__ for their main diet dangerous to eat.
So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden __9__ for the monarch butterflies.The garden grew organic milkweeds that __10__ and kept the butterflies.To help __11__ the locals to sustain the monarch butterfly's population, they created an exhibition about monarch butterflies in the local library.They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town, but it __12__ a lot.To cover the expense, they set up a stand at the Farmers Market to sell their __13__ milkweeds for people to plant.Although the fundraising days were __14__， they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people's support.
The team has won the Silver Award for their __15__ of taking care of these butterflies, but they are not __16__ with their work.“Our next step is to cut down on the use of __17__ to guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies，” said Natalie.In the award ceremony, their teacher Brian __18__， “I am so proud of them for their constant __19__.”
5．A.dream　　　　　　　 B．hobby
C．career D．decision
6．A.doubled B．aged
C．declined D．exploded
7．A.management B．assessment
C．selection D．destruction
8．A.relied on B．kept off
C．broke down D．gave away
9．A.partly B．secretly
C．rarely D．specially
10．A.attracted B．protected
C．monitored D．trapped
11．A.employ B．educate
C．force D．limit
12．A.meant B．cost
C．changed D．hurt
13．A.dry B．medical
C．healthy D．wild
14．A.pleasing B．light
C．long D．disappointing
15．A.project B．concept
C．schedule D．assignment
16．A.concerned B．connected
C．finished D．occupied
17．A.chemicals B．time
C．funds D．energy
18．A.quoted B．continued
C．replied D．commented
19．A.donations B．support
C．patience D．efforts
(三)语法填空(15分)
Earlier 2019, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development published 20.____________ most comprehensive analysis up to now of how climate change will affect the glaciers (冰川) of the world, 21.____________ (warn) that about 18,000 glaciers will disappear by 2100.
This is a bad 22.____________ (predict) for some 1.9 billion South Asians, 23.____________ use water from these glaciers not only for drinking but also for agriculture，hydroelectric power (水力发电), and tourism.But the survey also looked at an immediate question: As the glaciers 24.____________ (rapid) melt，where will all the water — more than a quadrillion gallons of it, almost the amount 25.____________ (contain) in Lake Huron — go
The answer is that the Himalaya, for example, long defined by 26.____________ (it) glaciers, is becoming a mountain range defined by lakes.In fact, another study found that from 1990 to 2010, more than 900 new glacier－fed lakes 27.____________ (form) across Asia's high mountain ranges.Because of those remote locations, scientists must rely 28.____________ satellites to count them, and new lakes appear to be growing so quickly that it's difficult for scientific teams to agree on the precise number.It's all happening much 29.____________ (fast) than we expected it to even five or ten years ago.
(四)主题微写作(15分)(建议教师批阅)
人类对热带雨林的不断砍伐和破坏，导致雨林的面积逐渐缩小。现请你以“How to Protect Rainforests”为题，写一篇60词左右的短文来倡导人们保护雨林，并告诉大家怎样保护雨林。
答题区：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
UNIT 1　课时检测(二)
第Ⅰ卷　语言基础训练
(一)(1)wildlife　(2)overseas　(3)continent　(4)living
(5)mammals　(6)soil　(7)climate　(8)disappearing
(二)(9)length　(10)species　(11)variety　(12)agricultural
(13)on　(14)extinction　(15)to　(16)millions　(17)towering
(18)survivors
(三)(19)cut down　(20)in turn　(21)due to　(22)is home to
(23)doing harm to　(24)breathe life into　(25)build up
(26)feed on　(27)breaks down　(28)a variety of
(四)(29)In front of our house stands
(30)While I am willing to help
(31)by listening and speaking more　(32)as they get older
第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练
(一)阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了越来越多的鸟类来到青海湖，当地政府采取了有效的保护措施，使这个地方成为鸟类的天堂。
1．选C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，多亏了当地政府的保护，越来越多的鸟类迁徙到青海湖。由此可推知，青海湖是一个适宜鸟类生活的地方。
2．选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources for birds”可知，鸟类是以水草和各种鱼类为食的。
3．选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai－Tibet Plateau start to melt”可知，每年的三四月份，冰雪开始融化，这意味着春天来了。
4．选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句可知，政府官员经常巡视湖泊是向当地人们普及动物保护法，宣传保护动物的知识，并呼吁人们爱护鸟类。
(二)完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 13岁的Natalie和Callie之前把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一个业余爱好，但是当她们了解到黑脉金斑蝶是濒危物种后，便开始采取措施保护黑脉金斑蝶。
5．选B　根据上文中的“started raising monarch butterflies for fun”可知，Natalie 和Callie之前养黑脉金斑蝶只是一种业余爱好(hobby)。
6．选C　根据上文中的“monarch butterflies were an endangered species”可知，黑脉金斑蝶的数量在下降(declined)。
7．选D　根据空后的“widespread use of chemicals”和常识可知，黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因之一是栖息地遭到了破坏(destruction)。
8．选A　根据空后的“their main diet dangerous to eat”可知，黑脉金斑蝶依赖(relied on)马利筋草作为其主要食物。
9．选D　根据下文中的“grew organic milkweeds”可知，两个女孩联合国家级非营利性团体在当地种了一个专门(specially)针对黑脉金斑蝶的花园。
10．选A　根据空后的“and kept the butterflies”可知，此处指有机的马利筋草可以吸引(attracted)黑脉金斑蝶。
11．选B　根据语境和常识可知，她们在当地图书馆举办展览是为了教育(educate)当地人如何维持黑脉金斑蝶的数量。
12．选B　根据下文中的“To cover the expense”和“the fundraising”可知，在镇里搭建教育标牌花费(cost)较大。
13．选C　此处呼应上文中的“organic milkweeds”，因此这些马利筋草是健康的(healthy)。
14．选C　根据下文中的“they finally succeeded in earning enough money”可以推断，筹款活动尽管花费的时间有点儿长(long)，但效果还不错。
15．选A　根据语境和上文中的“a serious mission”可知，此处指的是她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的项目(project)。
16．选C　根据下文中的“Our next step is to cut down on the use”可知，她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的行动并没有结束(finished)。
17．选A　根据上文中的“widespread use of chemicals”和下文中的“guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies”可知，她们下一步的目标是要减少化学品(chemicals)的使用，以确保黑脉金斑蝶的环境安全。
18．选D　根据下文中的“I am so proud of them for their constant ________.”可知，这是老师对她们的评价(commented)。
19．选D　根据全文可知，Natalie和Callie一直在为保护黑脉金斑蝶付出努力(efforts)，老师也为此感到骄傲。
(三)语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变暖加速了冰川的融化，这给依靠冰山取水的地区以及喜马拉雅山脉都带来了极大的影响。
20．the　考查冠词。根据空后表示范围的“up to now”可知，此处应用最高级。形容词最高级前应使用定冠词the。
21．warning　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词作伴随状语；warn与主语the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式warning。
22．prediction　考查名词。该空前面有“a bad”修饰，应使用单数名词。
23．who　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，从句修饰先行词South Asians，故用关系代词who。
24．rapidly　考查副词。空处修饰动词melt，故用副词形式rapidly。
25．contained　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，contain与the amount构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
26．its　考查代词。空处修饰后面的名词glaciers，故用形容词性物主代词its。
27．were formed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子主语是more than 900 new glacier－fed lakes，与动词form构成动宾关系；时间状语是“from 1990 to 2010”，应用一般过去时，且主语为复数，故填were formed。
28．on/upon　考查介词。此处表示科学家必须依靠人造卫星来计算它们的数量。rely on/upon意为“依靠，依赖”，为固定搭配。
29．faster　考查副词的比较级。根据空前的“much”和空后的“than”可知，此处应用所给词的比较级形式。故填faster。
(四)参考范文：
How to Protect Rainforests
Rainforests are very important to us.They are the “lungs of the earth”．However, rainforests are becoming smaller and smaller, so we should protect them.
First, we can show and tell people the importance of rainforests.Second, we should use less paper.When we use paper, we must use both sides of the paper.Third, we should ask people not to cut down the trees.Finally, we can encourage people to plant more trees.
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