资源简介

Section Ⅲ　　Grammar and usage
　　　(语法项目——省略)
语境中体悟
The 8.1－magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal on 25th April 2015, was one of the worst (earthquakes) in history.① On hearing the news, China was quick to start organising emergency aid.International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.Amongst all the international heavy rescue teams, the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was the first (international heavy rescue team) to arrive.②Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also (included) earthquake experts.③ By early May, emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China, with a further round (of emergency aid) to follow.④
[语法入门]
句①中，可省略名词earthquakes；
句②中，可省略名词短语international heavy rescue team；
句③中，可省略动词included；
句④中，可省略介词短语of emergency aid。
学案中理清
英语句子就其结构而言，可分为完全句和省略句两种形式。无论是在口语中还是书面语中，在不妨碍理解、不影响句子意义完整的条件下，可以省略一个或整个句子成分，或省略某些结构词，使语句简练，结构紧凑，起到一定的修辞效果。
一、词法上的省略
(一)动词不定式的省略
1．某些动词后接不定式作宾语时，可以省去与前面重复的动词，只留下不定式符号to，常见的这类动词有：love、 wish、 like、 care、 hope、 expect、 prefer、 refuse、 mean、 agree、 want、 afford、 forget、 remember、 try、 manage等。
2．某些动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，可以省去与前面相同的动词，只留下不定式符号to，常见的这类动词有：tell、 ask、 advise、 force、 persuade、 wish、 allow、 permit、 forbid、 expect、 order、 warn 等。
3．某些形容词后接不定式作状语时，可以省去与前面相同的动词，只留下不定式符号to，常见的这类形容词有：happy、 glad、 eager、 anxious、 willing、 ready等。
—Will you join in the game
—I'd be glad to (join in the game)．
4．如果不定式中含有be或完成式，通常保留be或have。
—Are you a teacher in this school
—No, but I wish to be (a teacher in this school)．
—You didn't attend Tom's birthday party yesterday, did you
—No, but I'd like to have (attended it)．
5．在感官动词see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等以及使役动词let、 make、 have后作宾补的动词不定式，其中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。
They made the boy go to bed early.
→The boy was made to go to bed early by them.
(二)介词的省略
一些固定结构中的动词－ing形式前的介词常可省略，如prevent/stop ...(from) doing ...; have trouble/difficulty (in) doing ...; spend ...(in) doing ...; be busy (in) doing sth.等。
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away.
I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.
[对点练]
①There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
⑤My mother wouldn't let me to go to see the film.
以上句子中，加黑部分应被省略的是：__________；不能省略的是：____________。
二、句法上的省略
(一)简单句的省略
1．感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。
What a hot day (it is) today!
2．在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
—(Will you) Have a rest
—No, thanks.
(Is there) Anything else to say
3．在对话中，针对问题进行回答时，答语常常省略与问句中相同的部分。
—Did you go to the museum yesterday
—No, I didn't (go to the museum yesterday)．
(二)并列句的省略
针对并列句的第二分句：
(1)如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分；
John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
(2)如果主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者都可以省略；
His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
(3)如果主语相同，而谓语动词不同，则可省略主语。
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
(三)复合句的省略
1．当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it，且含有be动词时，常可省略从句中的主语和be 动词。
While (I was) waiting, I was reading some magazines.
If (it is) possible, I will go to China next year.
2．在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that、which、 who、 whom常可以省略。
Where is the book (which/that) I bought this morning
3．引导宾语从句的连接词that常常可省略；及物动词后接两个宾语从句时，第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略，第二个宾语从句中的that不能省略。
She said (that) she had finished her homework.
[对点练]
(1)把下列句子改为省略句
①If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.
→____________， I hope you will have a wonderful time.
②The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.
→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild ________________.
(2)写出下列句中可以省略的部分
③Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.________________
④Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.________________
⑤Among the many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.________________
应用中融通
在括号内写出下文中被省略的内容
Technology isn't the only way to forecast the weather.Nature has its ways (①__________________), too.Unusual animal behaviours, for example, can indicate whether it's cold, wet weather that's on the way or a hot, dry period (②__________________)．If fish are jumping higher than usual or frogs are croaking more loudly (③________________), it may rain.And next time you look up at the sky, don't just look for rain clouds, but also (④________________) birds.If they are flying low, grab your umbrella. It is also said that mice and snakes head for safer ground several days before an earthquake, while dogs avoiding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is approaching.Of course, although these things may suggest something bad is going to happen, they won't tell us when (⑤________________) and where (⑥________________)．So, for accurate predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.
1．All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.
他们都针对如何解决这些问题想出了创造性的点子。
★come up with想出，想到
|用|法|感|知|
Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.
我们班想出了更好地利用旧材料的主意。
(“动物保护”主题佳句)Measures to protect wildlife will come up for discussion at the meeting.
保护野生动物的措施将在会议上被提出来讨论。
Whatever difficulties he comes across, he never gives up.
无论遇到什么困难，他从不放弃。
归纳点拨 come up　　　 走近；上来；被提出；产生；开始come about 发生；产生come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解come out 出来；出版；发行come to 来到(某地)；总计；恢复知觉When it comes to ... 　当涉及/谈到……时
名师点津 come up with意为“想出，想到”，其主语通常为人，后跟想出的内容；come up意为“被提及”，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物，即所提出的内容。两者都不能用于被动语态。
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①As soon as the project came ____________ at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.
②How did it come ____________ that the man was dismissed
③No one has come up ____________ a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died out.
④When it comes ____________ students' surfing the Internet, some people think students can benefit from it.
2．Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.
一些人要求运用现代技术，其他人则要求改变生活方式。
★call for(公开)要求；需要
|用|法|感|知|
(“倡议”类佳句)Protecting the environment calls for everyone's efforts.
保护环境需要每个人的努力。
Their travel plan was called off because of the bad weather.
由于天气不好，他们的旅行计划被取消了。
I called at his house twice, but he happened to be out each time.
我拜访过他家两次，但碰巧每次他都不在家。
[归纳点拨]
call up　　　　　 给……打电话；使想起
call off 取消；停止
call at 拜访(某地)
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求
|应|用|融|会|
(1)完成句子
①Success in study ____________________________________________________.
学业的成功需要很多努力。
②The pictures ______________________ that I used to have.
这些照片让我想起了曾经度过的艰难时刻。
③A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, ________________________________ for a greener earth.
地球日前一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入这个“绿色地球”的活动中。
(2)替换加黑词汇
④She spent most of the day dropping in on friends in Beijing.________________
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
语法专题突破
学案中理清 　
一、[对点练]　②⑤　①③④
二、[对点练]　①If so　②as in Guangzhou　③that　④that
⑤which
应用中融通 　
①to forecast the weather　②that's on the way　③than usual
④look for　⑤something bad is going to happen
⑥something bad is going to happen
新知深化学习
1．①up　②about　③with　④to
2．①calls for much hard work　②call up the hard time
③calling on/upon us to join in the activity　④calling on
6 / 6(共64张PPT)
Grammar and usage
Section Ⅲ
(语法项目——省略)
语法专题突破
新知深化学习
课时检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
01
语法专题突破
语境中体悟
The 8.1－magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal on 25th April 2015, was one of the worst (earthquakes) in history.① On hearing the news, China was quick to start organising emergency aid.International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.Amongst all the international heavy rescue teams, the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was the first (international heavy rescue team) to arrive.②Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also (included) earthquake experts.③ By early May, emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China, with a further round (of emergency aid) to follow.④
[语法入门]
句①中，可省略名词earthquakes；
句②中，可省略名词短语international heavy rescue team；
句③中，可省略动词included；
句④中，可省略介词短语of emergency aid。
学案中理清
英语句子就其结构而言，可分为完全句和省略句两种形式。无论是在口语中还是书面语中，在不妨碍理解、不影响句子意义完整的条件下，可以省略一个或整个句子成分，或省略某些结构词，使语句简练，结构紧凑，起到一定的修辞效果。
一、词法上的省略
(一)动词不定式的省略
1．某些动词后接不定式作宾语时，可以省去与前面重复的动词，只留下不定式符号to，常见的这类动词有：love、 wish、 like、 care、 hope、 expect、 prefer、 refuse、 mean、 agree、 want、 afford、 forget、 remember、 try、 manage等。
2．某些动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，可以省去与前面相同的动词，只留下不定式符号to，常见的这类动词有：tell、 ask、 advise、 force、 persuade、 wish、 allow、 permit、 forbid、 expect、 order、 warn 等。
3．某些形容词后接不定式作状语时，可以省去与前面相同的动词，只留下不定式符号to，常见的这类形容词有：happy、 glad、 eager、 anxious、 willing、 ready等。
—Will you join in the game
—I'd be glad to (join in the game)．
4．如果不定式中含有be或完成式，通常保留be或have。
—Are you a teacher in this school
—No, but I wish to be (a teacher in this school)．
—You didn't attend Tom's birthday party yesterday, did you
—No, but I'd like to have (attended it)．
5．在感官动词see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等以及使役动词let、 make、 have后作宾补的动词不定式，其中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。
They made the boy go to bed early.
→The boy was made to go to bed early by them.
(二)介词的省略
一些固定结构中的动词－ing形式前的介词常可省略，如prevent/stop ...(from) doing ...; have trouble/difficulty (in) doing ...; spend ...(in) doing ...; be busy (in) doing sth.等。
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away.
I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.
[对点练]
①There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
⑤My mother wouldn't let me to go to see the film.
以上句子中，加黑部分应被省略的是：______；不能省略的是：_______。
②⑤
①③④
二、句法上的省略
(一)简单句的省略
1．感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。
What a hot day (it is) today!
2．在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
—(Will you) Have a rest
—No, thanks.
(Is there) Anything else to say
3．在对话中，针对问题进行回答时，答语常常省略与问句中相同的部分。
—Did you go to the museum yesterday
—No, I didn't (go to the museum yesterday)．
(二)并列句的省略
针对并列句的第二分句：
(1)如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分；
John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
(2)如果主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者都可以省略；
His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
(3)如果主语相同，而谓语动词不同，则可省略主语。
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
(三)复合句的省略
1．当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it，且含有be动词时，常可省略从句中的主语和be 动词。
While (I was) waiting, I was reading some magazines.
If (it is) possible, I will go to China next year.
2．在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that、which、 who、 whom常可以省略。
Where is the book (which/that) I bought this morning
3．引导宾语从句的连接词that常常可省略；及物动词后接两个宾语从句时，第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略，第二个宾语从句中的that不能省略。
She said (that) she had finished her homework.
[对点练]
(1)把下列句子改为省略句
①If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.
→_______, I hope you will have a wonderful time.
②The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.
→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild ________________.
If so
as in Guangzhou
(2)写出下列句中可以省略的部分
③Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. ______
④Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. ______
⑤Among the many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. ______
that
that
which
应用中融通
在括号内写出下文中被省略的内容
Technology isn't the only way to forecast the weather.Nature has its ways (①______________________), too.Unusual animal behaviours, for example, can indicate whether it's cold, wet weather that's on the way or a hot, dry period (②_________________)．If fish are jumping higher than usual or frogs are croaking more loudly (③__________), it may rain.And next time you look up at the sky, don't just look for rain clouds, but also (④__________) birds.If they are flying low, grab your umbrella. It is also said that mice and snakes head for safer ground
to forecast the weather
that's on the way
than usual
look for
several days before an earthquake, while dogs avoiding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is approaching.Of course, although these things may suggest something bad is going to happen, they won't tell us when (⑤__________________________________________) and where (⑥______________________________)．So, for accurate predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.
something bad is going to happen
something bad is going to happen
02
新知深化学习
1．All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.
他们都针对如何解决这些问题想出了创造性的点子。
★come up with想出，想到
|用|法|感|知|
Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.
我们班想出了更好地利用旧材料的主意。
(“动物保护”主题佳句)Measures to protect wildlife will come up for discussion at the meeting.
保护野生动物的措施将在会议上被提出来讨论。
Whatever difficulties he comes across, he never gives up.
无论遇到什么困难，他从不放弃。
归纳点拨 come up　　　 走近；上来；被提出；产生；开始
come about 发生；产生
come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解
come out 出来；出版；发行
come to 来到(某地)；总计；恢复知觉
When it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到……时
名师点津 come up with意为“想出，想到”，其主语通常为人，后跟想出的内容；come up意为“被提及”，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物，即所提出的内容。两者都不能用于被动语态。
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①As soon as the project came _____ at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.
②How did it come ________ that the man was dismissed
③No one has come up _______ a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died out.
④When it comes _____ students' surfing the Internet, some people think students can benefit from it.
up
about
with
to
2．Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.
一些人要求运用现代技术，其他人则要求改变生活方式。
★call for(公开)要求；需要
|用|法|感|知|
(“倡议”类佳句)Protecting the environment calls for everyone's efforts.
保护环境需要每个人的努力。
Their travel plan was called off because of the bad weather.
由于天气不好，他们的旅行计划被取消了。
I called at his house twice, but he happened to be out each time.
我拜访过他家两次，但碰巧每次他都不在家。
[归纳点拨]
call up　　　　　 给……打电话；使想起
call off 取消；停止
call at 拜访(某地)
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求
|应|用|融|会|
(1)完成句子
①Success in study _______________________.
学业的成功需要很多努力。
②The pictures ___________________ that I used to have.这些照片让我想起了曾经度过的艰难时刻。
③A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, ___________________________________ for a greener earth.
地球日前一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入这个“绿色地球”的活动中。
calls for much hard work
call up the hard time
calling on/upon us to join in the activity
(2)替换加黑词汇
④She spent most of the day dropping in on friends in Beijing.
_________
calling on
03
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter and habitat for various organisms.They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem.However, the rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and long－time “coral bleaching (白化现象)” events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them.
In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick－starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms.The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia.The site is noted to have the largest coral reef system in the world.
“Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places — the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish.Young fish concentrate on these sounds when they're looking for a place to settle，” said Steve Simpson, study co－author and a professor at the University of Exeter, UK.
By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played.“These returning fish are crucial for coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems.Boosting fish populations in this way could help to kick－start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we're seeing on many coral reefs around the world，” said lead author, Tim Gordon.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。气候变暖、海水温度上升导致了珊瑚礁的白化现象。为了恢复生态，科学家采用了新方法——通过播放某些音乐以吸引鱼来修复珊瑚礁，希望借助它们来恢复生态系统。这一方法已经初见成效。
1．What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching
A．Diverse species.　　 B．Noise pollution.
C．Fishing industry. D．Climbing temperatures.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，是全球变暖引起的海水温度持续上升导致了珊瑚礁的白化现象。
√
2．What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs
A．Removing damaged coral reefs.
B．Using loudspeakers to keep fish away.
C．Building new homes for sea species.
D．Playing certain sounds to appeal to fish.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，科学家通过播放某些音乐以吸引鱼来修复珊瑚礁。
√
3．Why are Steve Simpson's words quoted
A．To provide some findings of the study.
B．To show the progress of the experiment.
C．To explain reasons for the new approach.
D．To give another solution to the problem.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，鱼类寻找地方定居时会专注于某些声音，故引用Steve Simpson的话是为了解释采用这一新办法的理由。
√
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The attempts are in vain.
B．Natural recovery is impossible.
C．Initial success has been achieved.
D．The coral reefs have returned to normal.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是第一句可知，该方法已经初见成效。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
I love wildlife.So when my friend said that we had a chance to __5__ brown bears in the High Tatras, I didn't think twice about it, and we __6__ arrangements to go the following week.
The trip was a great __7__！ We walked for hours and stayed in a __8__ mountain hut (小屋) which was usually reserved for park rangers.It actually took us some trouble even to locate it.As soon as we arrived, our guide __9__ to us that we would be fully integrated (融入) into their research programme and would be tracking the __10__ of bears wearing transmitters. On the first day, we were woken up at sunrise
and after __11__ some warm clothes, set off into the forest.Our guide walked very __12__ and we had trouble keeping up with him.Suddenly he __13__ across a small hill.He must have caught sight of a bear.We followed him as fast as we could, but by the time we reached him, the bear had __14__ into the bushes.Later in the week, though, we did manage to observe several bears feeding on berries.We were so excited.Yet, __15__ hurrying to take photos, we __16__ our breath, stayed about 30 meters away and just watched them.Our guide insisted that we should keep our __17__ from the bears so as not to __18__ them.
Observing bears in their natural habitat was really __19__.I had never experienced anything like that before.If I hadn't had to go back to school, I would happily have stayed on for several more weeks.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友一起去上塔特拉山追踪棕熊的经历。
5．A.hunt　　　　　　　　 B．feed
C．protect D．track
解析：根据下文“tracking”可知，作者和朋友是要去山上追踪棕熊。
√
6．A.made B．changed
C．cancelled D．quit
解析：根据下文“arrangements to go the following week”可知，这里指作者他们为了去山上追踪棕熊而做了一些计划和安排。
√
7．A.deal B．danger
C．success D．regret
解析：根据下文“I had never experienced anything like that before.If I hadn't had to go back to school, I would happily have stayed on for several more weeks.”可知，作者对这次旅行非常满意，即这次旅行非常成功。
√
8．A.safe B．comfortable
C．remote D．beautiful
解析：根据上文“We walked for hours”可知，他们步行几个小时才到达，所以他们待在一个遥远的山上小屋中。
√
9．A.recommended B．explained
C．admitted D．reported
解析：根据下文“to us that we would be fully integrated into their research programme and would be tracking the ________ of bears wearing transmitters”可知，这是导游向作者他们解释具体的安排。
√
10．A.habits B．leftovers
C．photos D．movements
解析：根据下文“of bears wearing transmitters”可知，他们佩戴发射器应该是跟踪熊的行踪。
√
11．A.throwing on B．tidying up
C．paving for D．taking off
解析：根据上文“we were woken up at sunrise”可知，这里指作者他们早上醒来之后的行为，应该是匆匆穿上暖和的衣服。
√
12．A.cautiously B．rapidly
C．steadily D．casually
解析：根据下文“we had trouble keeping up with him”可知，作者他们很难跟上向导，所以他应该是走得很快。
√
13．A.moved B．wandered
C．paced D．dashed
解析：根据上文“Our guide walked very _______ and we had trouble keeping up with him.”可知，向导走得很快，所以应该是冲过一座小山。
√
14．A.disappeared B．looked
C．broken D．turned
解析：根据下文“Later in the week, though, we did manage to observe several bears feeding on berries.”可知，作者他们第一次去的时候应该是没有看到熊，即熊消失在丛林里。
√
15．A.due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
解析：根据下文“just watched them”可知，作者他们除了观察熊，其他的什么都没有做。
√
16．A.drew B．held
C．released D．caught
解析：根据上文“We were so excited.”和下文“our breath”可知，作者他们发现了熊很激动，所以屏住呼吸，专注地看。
√
17．A.intention B．fear
C．bravery D．distance
解析：根据上文“stayed about 30 meters away and just watched them”可知，他们和熊之间有一段距离。
√
18．A.attack B．train
C．disturb D．feed
解析：根据上文“Our guide insisted that we should keep our __________ from the bears”可知，作者他们和熊保持距离，应该是为了不打扰它们。
√
19．A.fascinating B．boring
C．exhausting D．challenging
解析：根据下文“I had never experienced anything like that before.”可知，作者认为这次旅行很有趣。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)( )
Dongting Lake, the second __20__ (large) freshwater lake in China, has been known for being home to fishes and mammals since ancient times.They reached here along the flow of the river to live and produce young, giving local fishermen including He Daming countless __21__ (nature) gifts.
In the 1980s, there __22__ (be) more than 120 species of fish in the Lake.However, illegal sand mining coupled with many ships sailing in the area affected the lake ecosystem __23__ illegal power grids (电网) began to appear around the area.As a result, fishery resources in the Lake continued to be reducing, __24__ threatened the ecology of Dongting Lake.It was around this time that the number of finless porpoises (江豚) that used to be common in the lake dropped __25__ (clear)．
He Daming gathered some of his fellow fishermen __26__ (discuss) the situation and even required them to stop fishing.In addition, they set up an ecological protection __27__ (organize)．A lot of well－educated young people also joined it.
From 2020 on, as fishing was not allowed in key areas of the Yangtze River basin, including Dongting Lake, many fishermen have gradually given up fishing and taken up jobs in many other __28__ (industry)．
Thanks to their efforts, Dongting Lake ecology has taken on __29__ complete new look so far.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国第二大淡水湖——洞庭湖生态保护的相关情况。
20．largest　考查形容词的最高级。根据句意可知，此处表示“第二大的”，应用large的最高级形式，故填largest。
21．natural　考查形容词。根据句意可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词gifts，作定语，表示“天然的”，故填natural。
22．were　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由时间状语“In the 1980s”可知，句子描述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时；且在there be句型中，be动词的数与其后名词的数保持一致，be动词后面的“more than 120 species of fish”是复数，故填were。
23．and　考查连词。空前句子“illegal sand mining coupled with many ships sailing in the area affected the lake ecosystem”和空后句子“illegal power grids began to appear around the area”是并列关系，所以应用并列连词and连接。
24．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的整个句子，所以此处应用which来引导从句。
25．clearly　考查副词。修饰动词dropped应用副词形式，表示“明显地”，故填clearly。
26．to discuss　考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作目的状语，表示“为了讨论”，应用不定式to discuss。
27．organization　考查名词。由前面的冠词“an”可知，此处应用名词形式，表示“组织”，作set up的宾语，故填organization。
28．industries　考查名词复数。此处应用名词作介词in的宾语，且由“many”可知，此处应用industry的复数形式，故填industries。
29．a　考查冠词。look在此意为“面貌”，且为可数名词，此处表示“一个全新的面貌”，应用不定冠词来修饰，且complete以辅音音素开头，故填a。UNIT 1　课时检测(三)　Grammar and usage
(标语篇配有教师讲评课件。选择题在答题区内作答，主观题在题后作答)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter and habitat for various organisms.They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem.However, the rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and long－time “coral bleaching (白化现象)” events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them.
In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick－starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms.The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia.The site is noted to have the largest coral reef system in the world.
“Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places — the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish.Young fish concentrate on these sounds when they're looking for a place to settle，” said Steve Simpson, study co－author and a professor at the University of Exeter, UK.
By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played.“These returning fish are crucial for coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems.Boosting fish populations in this way could help to kick－start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we're seeing on many coral reefs around the world，” said lead author, Tim Gordon.
1．What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching
A．Diverse species.　　 B．Noise pollution.
C．Fishing industry. D．Climbing temperatures.
2．What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs
A．Removing damaged coral reefs.
B．Using loudspeakers to keep fish away.
C．Building new homes for sea species.
D．Playing certain sounds to appeal to fish.
3．Why are Steve Simpson's words quoted
A．To provide some findings of the study.
B．To show the progress of the experiment.
C．To explain reasons for the new approach.
D．To give another solution to the problem.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The attempts are in vain.
B．Natural recovery is impossible.
C．Initial success has been achieved.
D．The coral reefs have returned to normal.
Ⅱ.完形填空
I love wildlife.So when my friend said that we had a chance to __5__ brown bears in the High Tatras, I didn't think twice about it, and we __6__ arrangements to go the following week.
The trip was a great __7__！ We walked for hours and stayed in a __8__ mountain hut (小屋) which was usually reserved for park rangers.It actually took us some trouble even to locate it.As soon as we arrived, our guide __9__ to us that we would be fully integrated (融入) into their research programme and would be tracking the __10__ of bears wearing transmitters.On the first day, we were woken up at sunrise and after __11__ some warm clothes, set off into the forest.Our guide walked very __12__ and we had trouble keeping up with him.Suddenly he __13__ across a small hill.He must have caught sight of a bear.We followed him as fast as we could, but by the time we reached him, the bear had __14__ into the bushes.Later in the week, though, we did manage to observe several bears feeding on berries.We were so excited.Yet, __15__ hurrying to take photos, we __16__ our breath, stayed about 30 meters away and just watched them.Our guide insisted that we should keep our __17__ from the bears so as not to __18__ them.
Observing bears in their natural habitat was really __19__.I had never experienced anything like that before.If I hadn't had to go back to school, I would happily have stayed on for several more weeks.
5．A.hunt　　　　　　　　 B．feed
C．protect D．track
6．A.made B．changed
C．cancelled D．quit
7．A.deal B．danger
C．success D．regret
8．A.safe B．comfortable
C．remote D．beautiful
9．A.recommended B．explained
C．admitted D．reported
10．A.habits B．leftovers
C．photos D．movements
11．A.throwing on B．tidying up
C．paving for D．taking off
12．A.cautiously B．rapidly
C．steadily D．casually
13．A.moved B．wandered
C．paced D．dashed
14．A.disappeared B．looked
C．broken D．turned
15．A.due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
16．A.drew B．held
C．released D．caught
17．A.intention B．fear
C．bravery D．distance
18．A.attack B．train
C．disturb D．feed
19．A.fascinating B．boring
C．exhausting D．challenging
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)()
Dongting Lake, the second 20.____________ (large) freshwater lake in China, has been known for being home to fishes and mammals since ancient times.They reached here along the flow of the river to live and produce young, giving local fishermen including He Daming countless 21.__________ (nature) gifts.
In the 1980s, there 22.____________ (be) more than 120 species of fish in the Lake.However, illegal sand mining coupled with many ships sailing in the area affected the lake ecosystem 23.____________ illegal power grids (电网) began to appear around the area.As a result, fishery resources in the Lake continued to be reducing, 24.____________ threatened the ecology of Dongting Lake.It was around this time that the number of finless porpoises (江豚) that used to be common in the lake dropped 25.____________ (clear)．
He Daming gathered some of his fellow fishermen 26.____________ (discuss) the situation and even required them to stop fishing.In addition, they set up an ecological protection 27.____________ (organize)．A lot of well－educated young people also joined it.
From 2020 on, as fishing was not allowed in key areas of the Yangtze River basin, including Dongting Lake, many fishermen have gradually given up fishing and taken up jobs in many other 28.____________ (industry)．
Thanks to their efforts, Dongting Lake ecology has taken on 29.____________ complete new look so far.
UNIT 1　课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。气候变暖、海水温度上升导致了珊瑚礁的白化现象。为了恢复生态，科学家采用了新方法——通过播放某些音乐以吸引鱼来修复珊瑚礁，希望借助它们来恢复生态系统。这一方法已经初见成效。
1．选D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，是全球变暖引起的海水温度持续上升导致了珊瑚礁的白化现象。
2．选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，科学家通过播放某些音乐以吸引鱼来修复珊瑚礁。
3．选C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，鱼类寻找地方定居时会专注于某些声音，故引用Steve Simpson的话是为了解释采用这一新办法的理由。
4．选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是第一句可知，该方法已经初见成效。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友一起去上塔特拉山追踪棕熊的经历。
5．选D　根据下文“tracking”可知，作者和朋友是要去山上追踪棕熊。
6．选A　根据下文“arrangements to go the following week”可知，这里指作者他们为了去山上追踪棕熊而做了一些计划和安排。
7．选C　根据下文“I had never experienced anything like that before.If I hadn't had to go back to school, I would happily have stayed on for several more weeks.”可知，作者对这次旅行非常满意，即这次旅行非常成功。
8．选C　根据上文“We walked for hours”可知，他们步行几个小时才到达，所以他们待在一个遥远的山上小屋中。
9．选B　根据下文“to us that we would be fully integrated into their research programme and would be tracking the ________ of bears wearing transmitters”可知，这是导游向作者他们解释具体的安排。
10．选D　根据下文“of bears wearing transmitters”可知，他们佩戴发射器应该是跟踪熊的行踪。
11．选A　根据上文“we were woken up at sunrise”可知，这里指作者他们早上醒来之后的行为，应该是匆匆穿上暖和的衣服。
12．选B　根据下文“we had trouble keeping up with him”可知，作者他们很难跟上向导，所以他应该是走得很快。
13．选D　根据上文“Our guide walked very ________ and we had trouble keeping up with him.”可知，向导走得很快，所以应该是冲过一座小山。
14．选A　根据下文“Later in the week, though, we did manage to observe several bears feeding on berries.”可知，作者他们第一次去的时候应该是没有看到熊，即熊消失在丛林里。
15．选B　根据下文“just watched them”可知，作者他们除了观察熊，其他的什么都没有做。
16．选B　根据上文“We were so excited.”和下文“our breath”可知，作者他们发现了熊很激动，所以屏住呼吸，专注地看。
17．选D　根据上文“stayed about 30 meters away and just watched them”可知，他们和熊之间有一段距离。
18．选C　根据上文“Our guide insisted that we should keep our ________ from the bears”可知，作者他们和熊保持距离，应该是为了不打扰它们。
19．选A　根据下文“I had never experienced anything like that before.”可知，作者认为这次旅行很有趣。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国第二大淡水湖——洞庭湖生态保护的相关情况。
20．largest　考查形容词的最高级。根据句意可知，此处表示“第二大的”，应用large的最高级形式，故填largest。
21．natural　考查形容词。根据句意可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词gifts，作定语，表示“天然的”，故填natural。
22．were　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由时间状语“In the 1980s”可知，句子描述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时；且在there be句型中，be动词的数与其后名词的数保持一致，be动词后面的“more than 120 species of fish”是复数，故填were。
23．and　考查连词。空前句子“illegal sand mining coupled with many ships sailing in the area affected the lake ecosystem”和空后句子“illegal power grids began to appear around the area”是并列关系，所以应用并列连词and连接。
24．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的整个句子，所以此处应用which来引导从句。
25．clearly　考查副词。修饰动词dropped应用副词形式，表示“明显地”，故填clearly。
26．to discuss　考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作目的状语，表示“为了讨论”，应用不定式to discuss。
27．organization　考查名词。由前面的冠词“an”可知，此处应用名词形式，表示“组织”，作set up的宾语，故填organization。
28．industries　考查名词复数。此处应用名词作介词in的宾语，且由“many”可知，此处应用industry的复数形式，故填industries。
29．a　考查冠词。look在此意为“面貌”，且为可数名词，此处表示“一个全新的面貌”，应用不定冠词来修饰，且complete以辅音音素开头，故填a。
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