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Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
(二)把握主旨大意
1．What's the main idea of the passage？(　 )
A．The local people are all against environmental pollution.
B．The advantages of opening a factory outweigh the disadvantages.
C．Environmental protection is a long－term task that requires joint efforts.
D．There are different viewpoints on environmental pollution.
2．Read and match the main idea of each part.
Part 1(Paras.1～2)
　　　　　　A．Mrs Archer says they should
find a balance between environmental protection and economic development.
Part 2(Paras.3～4)
　　　　　　 B．We should work together for our environment and our economy.
Part 3(Paras.5～6)
　　　　　　C．Mr Smith protested against
heavy industry.
Part 4(Para.7) D．The TV show host gives a brief introduction to three guests.
Part 5(Para.8) E．Mr Brown says they have taken various measures to reduce pollution.
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．How many characters are there in the studio according to the passage？(　 )
A．2.　　　B．3.　　　C．4.　　　D．5.
2．What's Vincent Brown's opinion about the pollution？(　 )
A．Factories should be fully responsible for the environmental pollution.
B．Factories have been trying to reduce pollution in their production process.
C．Factories do nothing good to the society.
D．Factories are not concerned about the environment.
3．What can we infer from the text？(　 )
A．All the people are not responsible for the environment.
B．Economy is the most important issue.
C．Environment and economy are separable.
D．We should not develop our economy at the cost of environment.
4．Which of the following is good for the environment？(　 )
A．Going to work by bus.
B．Driving private cars to work.
C．Buying as many new clothes as possible.
D．Throwing away old things when you don't use them.
5．What's the main tone of the host？(　 )
A．Subjective. B．Critical.
C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
[Tip]
如何推测语气、态度
推测作者或文章中所提到人物的语气、态度的关键是看文中用到的描述性词语或陈述观点看法时采用的语句，通过语言中的感彩来判断是客观(objective)还是主观(subjective)，是积极(positive)还是消极(negative)，是批判(critical)还是漠不关心(indifferent)等。
(二)阅读表达
1．Since human activities do great harm to the environment, why won't human beings stop their action
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2．Pollution is a serious problem around the world，and much effort has been put into the fight against it.Do you think things will change significantly in the future Why？(The answers may vary.)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文的语篇类型为电视访谈。访谈文体的基本结构为“总—分”式，形式为主持人提问，被访问者回答，依靠一问一答推动访谈的进行。如本文以主持人采访嘉宾的形式展开，讨论了经济发展与环境保护之间的关系，强调了在发展经济的同时，应确保自然环境不被破坏。注意阅读此类文章时，主持人提出的问题表明或者引出不同的小主题，把这些问题串联起来，找到问题答案的核心内容，即可把握文章的主旨脉络与主旨大意。
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely different.
赏析：本句中使用了副词entirely来修饰形容词different，以强烈的语气表达出空气质量与之前截然不同。
2．The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of.
赏析：句中的colour为名词活用作动词，指的是雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，形象生动地描述出空气污染的严重性。
3．People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.
赏析：本句中使用了大量描述性词语，增加了语言的感彩，同时令表达更生动形象，具有强烈的画面感。
4．It has to be a community－wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle.
赏析：本句中运用了三个相同前缀的动词来描述个人可以采取的环保行动。用词精练且相同的词缀增加了语言的韵律感，同时起到加深读者印象的作用。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①They communicated _________________________________________________.
他们完全用手势交流。
②The rising sun ______________________________________________________.
冉冉升起的太阳把天空染成了鲜红色。
③Chimneys were puffing out ____________________________________________.
烟囱冒着滚滚浓烟。
(二)赏句式之高　
1．Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.
赏析：本句把作表语的现在分词提至句首，使用了倒装语序。在写作中可用倒装语序起到强调突出、保持句子平衡的作用。此外，句中的三个并列主语后都使用了同位语，对主语进行说明，使表达更清晰明了。
2．We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs.
赏析：本句中使用了现在完成进行时表达这些工厂为了改善环境一直在努力。现在完成进行时表示某一动作由过去持续到现在，现在还在进行。此外，句中还运用了even though引导的让步状语从句描述新措施造成成本增加，来强调工厂为改善环境所作出的牺牲。
3．With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
赏析：本句中使用了with复合结构，属于写作中的高级表达，一方面可以增加句式的多样化，另一方面用简洁的语言表达丰富的内涵，起到了更好的表达效果。
4．Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution
赏析：此处使用了“特殊疑问词＋不定式”在句中作介词on的宾语，该句式结构紧凑，言简意明，能给文章增色添彩。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①__________________________ our respected headmaster, Mr Smith.
出席会议的是我们尊敬的校长史密斯先生。
②I'm Li Hua, ____________________________ of our school.
我是李华，我们校学生会的主席。
③______________________________________________， we should stick to our dreams.
即使我们会遇到很多困难，我们也应该坚持梦想。
④I sat in my room for a few minutes ________________________ the ceiling.
我在房间里坐了一会，眼睛盯着天花板。
⑤It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on ________________ in senior high school.
我很荣幸在这里和大家分享有关在高中要学习什么的看法。
(三)赏修辞之功　
It's our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It's our duty to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It's our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
赏析：此处运用了三个结构相同、意义相关、语气一致的语言单位构成平行结构，令语言表达铿锵有力，节奏明快且有较强的影响力和感染力。三个句式中都使用了it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。形式主语it的使用既可以平衡句式结构，又可以令表达更灵活、更多样化。
[提能训练]　(完成句子并体会平行结构的用法)
Young people can update knowledge about new technologies for the elders, ______________________________ and bring freshness into their lives.
年轻人可以为长辈更新新科技的知识，与他们分享对生活的态度，为他们的生活带来新鲜感。
Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)①Pollution　②heavy industry　③has to go
④reduce pollution　⑤economic benefits
⑥environmental protection　⑦economic development　⑧join in
(二)1.C　2.Parts 1～5　DCEAB
精读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)1～5　CBDAC
(二)1.For economic growth.
2．I predict that the world will be much cleaner and greener in the future.First，cars running on traditional fuels will be replaced by those powered by new energy, such as electricity or solar energy.As a result, the effects of greenhouse gases on the climate will be significantly reduced.Second, almost all reading and writing will be done on computer and phone screens，so people will cut down fewer trees and use less paper.Third, new technologies will be invented to make sure that our daily activities do not have a negative impact on the environment.
课文写法借鉴
(一)①entirely by gesture　②coloured the sky bright red
③clouds of smoke
(二)①Present at the meeting is　②chairman of the Students' Union　③Even though we will meet with a lot of difficulties　④with my eyes fixed on　⑤what to learn
(三)share attitudes towards life with them
5 / 5(共60张PPT)
“Extended reading”
的课文习读环节
Section Ⅴ
课文阅读理解
课文写法借鉴
课时检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
01
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
heavy
industry
has to go
reduce pollution
economic benefits
environmental protection
economic development
join in
Pollution
(二)把握主旨大意
1．What's the main idea of the passage
A．The local people are all against environmental pollution.
B．The advantages of opening a factory outweigh the disadvantages.
C．Environmental protection is a long－term task that requires joint efforts.
D．There are different viewpoints on environmental pollution.
√
2．Read and match the main idea of each part.
Part 1(Paras.1～2) A．Mrs Archer says they should find a balance between environmental protection and economic development.
Part 2(Paras.3～4) B．We should work together for our environment and our economy.
Part 3(Paras.5～6) C．Mr Smith protested against heavy industry.
Part 4(Para.7) D．The TV show host gives a brief introduction to three guests.
Part 5(Para.8) E．Mr Brown says they have taken various measures to reduce pollution.
答案：Parts 1～5　DCEAB
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．How many characters are there in the studio according to the passage
A．2.　　　B．3.　　　C．4.　　　D．5.
√
√
2．What's Vincent Brown's opinion about the pollution
A．Factories should be fully responsible for the environmental pollution.
B．Factories have been trying to reduce pollution in their production process.
C．Factories do nothing good to the society.
D．Factories are not concerned about the environment.
√
3．What can we infer from the text
A．All the people are not responsible for the environment.
B．Economy is the most important issue.
C．Environment and economy are separable.
D．We should not develop our economy at the cost of environment.
√
4．Which of the following is good for the environment
A．Going to work by bus.
B．Driving private cars to work.
C．Buying as many new clothes as possible.
D．Throwing away old things when you don't use them.
√
5．What's the main tone of the host
A．Subjective. B．Critical.
C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
[Tip]
如何推测语气、态度
推测作者或文章中所提到人物的语气、态度的关键是看文中用到的描述性词语或陈述观点看法时采用的语句，通过语言中的感彩来判断是客观(objective)还是主观(subjective)，是积极(positive)还是消极(negative)，是批判(critical)还是漠不关心(indifferent)等。
(二)阅读表达
1．Since human activities do great harm to the environment, why won't human beings stop their action
___________________________
For economic growth.
2．Pollution is a serious problem around the world，and much effort has been put into the fight against it.Do you think things will change significantly in the future Why？(The answers may vary.)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I predict that the world will be much cleaner and greener in the future.First，cars running on traditional fuels will be replaced by those powered by new energy, such as electricity or solar energy.As a result, the effects of greenhouse gases on the climate will be significantly reduced. Second, almost all reading and writing will be done on computer and phone screens，so people will cut down fewer trees and use less paper. Third, new technologies will be invented to make sure that our daily activities do not have a negative impact on the environment.
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文的语篇类型为电视访谈。访谈文体的基本结构为“总—分”式，形式为主持人提问，被访问者回答，依靠一问一答推动访谈的进行。如本文以主持人采访嘉宾的形式展开，讨论了经济发展与环境保护之间的关系，强调了在发展经济的同时，应确保自然环境不被破坏。注意阅读此类文章时，主持人提出的问题表明或者引出不同的小主题，把这些问题串联起来，找到问题答案的核心内容，即可把握文章的主旨脉络与主旨大意。
02
课文写法借鉴
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely different.
赏析：本句中使用了副词entirely来修饰形容词different，以强烈的语气表达出空气质量与之前截然不同。
2．The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of.
赏析：句中的colour为名词活用作动词，指的是雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，形象生动地描述出空气污染的严重性。
3．People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.
赏析：本句中使用了大量描述性词语，增加了语言的感彩，同时令表达更生动形象，具有强烈的画面感。
4．It has to be a community－wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle.
赏析：本句中运用了三个相同前缀的动词来描述个人可以采取的环保行动。用词精练且相同的词缀增加了语言的韵律感，同时起到加深读者印象的作用。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①They communicated__________________.
他们完全用手势交流。
②The rising sun _________________________.
冉冉升起的太阳把天空染成了鲜红色。
③Chimneys were puffing out_______________.
烟囱冒着滚滚浓烟。
entirely by gesture
coloured the sky bright red
clouds of smoke
(二)赏句式之高　
1．Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.
赏析：本句把作表语的现在分词提至句首，使用了倒装语序。在写作中可用倒装语序起到强调突出、保持句子平衡的作用。此外，句中的三个并列主语后都使用了同位语，对主语进行说明，使表达更清晰明了。
2．We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs.
赏析：本句中使用了现在完成进行时表达这些工厂为了改善环境一直在努力。现在完成进行时表示某一动作由过去持续到现在，现在还在进行。此外，句中还运用了even though引导的让步状语从句描述新措施造成成本增加，来强调工厂为改善环境所作出的牺牲。
3．With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
赏析：本句中使用了with复合结构，属于写作中的高级表达，一方面可以增加句式的多样化，另一方面用简洁的语言表达丰富的内涵，起到了更好的表达效果。
4．Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution
赏析：此处使用了“特殊疑问词＋不定式”在句中作介词on的宾语，该句式结构紧凑，言简意明，能给文章增色添彩。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①______________________ our respected headmaster, Mr Smith.
出席会议的是我们尊敬的校长史密斯先生。
②I'm Li Hua, _______________________________ of our school.
我是李华，我们校学生会的主席。
③____________________________________________, we should stick to our dreams.
即使我们会遇到很多困难，我们也应该坚持梦想。
Present at the meeting is
chairman of the Students' Union
Even though we will meet with a lot of difficulties
④I sat in my room for a few minutes ____________________ the ceiling.
我在房间里坐了一会，眼睛盯着天花板。
⑤It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on _____________ in senior high school.
我很荣幸在这里和大家分享有关在高中要学习什么的看法。
with my eyes fixed on
what to learn
(三)赏修辞之功　
It's our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It's our duty to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It's our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
赏析：此处运用了三个结构相同、意义相关、语气一致的语言单位构成平行结构，令语言表达铿锵有力，节奏明快且有较强的影响力和感染力。三个句式中都使用了it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。形式主语it的使用既可以平衡句式结构，又可以令表达更灵活、更多样化。
[提能训练]　(完成句子并体会平行结构的用法)
Young people can update knowledge about new technologies for the elders, _________________________________ and bring freshness into their lives.
年轻人可以为长辈更新新科技的知识，与他们分享对生活的态度，为他们的生活带来新鲜感。
share attitudes towards life with them
03
课时检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The twenty－three－year－old Mumbai girl Vidhi Bubna is offering India's first and only diving grant to explore the marine ecosystem.
Vidhi's first diving experience turned out to be a heartbreaking one.While she expected a lot of colors underwater as she had seen on TV, Vidhi came across all white corals, which means they are almost dead from being bleached (褪色)．
“It was very sad and I just started crying after coming out of the water，” she says.
Vidhi, an economics graduate from Ashoka University, did not enjoy working with numbers and turned to writing about social issues, including women's rights and minority issues.
As an adventure lover, Vidhi went diving to explore the underwater beauty last year.Her disappointment at seeing dying corals led to the start of Coral Warriors, a non－profit organisation that aims to raise awareness of marine protection and climate change.
“Nobody knows about climate change till they see it，” Vidhi says.The Mumbai－based organisation offers India's first and only diving grant.The grant sponsors level－one scuba diving education in any location of their choice in India.While there is no specific standard, Vidhi says the selection process is strict, choosing candidates who are passionate about climate change and seeing that they do something of their choice.Four candidates have been awarded the grant so far and the organisation hopes to find at least five people every year.
“After the candidates return, we expect them to work on a climate change project of their choice, create communities, and work to create awareness and drive action－centric projects，” she explains.
Prior to starting Coral Warriors, Vidhi was hosting free online workshops to spread awareness of marine biodiversity and climate change, and has reached about 5,000 people through them.
As a next step, Vidhi is planning to work on documentaries with high－quality underwater images and videos, considering not many can afford or have the courage to go diving to see what is happening underwater.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了孟买女孩Vidhi Bubna成立非营利性组织为人们提供印度首个、也是唯一的潜水奖学金，以探索并保护海洋生态系统。
1．How did Vidhi feel on her first diving
A．Excited.　　　　　 B．Upset.
C．Awesome. D．Awkward.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Vidhi's first diving experience turned out to be a heartbreaking one.”和第三段中的“It was very sad and I just started crying after coming out of the water”可知，Vidhi的第一次潜水经历让她感到很沮丧。
√
2．Why did Vidhi set up Coral Warriors
A．To focus more attention on social issues.
B．To further explore the underwater beauty.
C．To fuel people's enthusiasm for adventure.
D．To make an appeal for marine conservation.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“ aims to raise awareness of marine protection and climate change”可知，Vidhi成立该组织是为了呼吁人们重视海洋保护。
√
3．What are candidates expected to do
A．To help promote people's sense of community.
B．To choose whatever they are passionate about.
C．To meet specific and strict selection standards.
D．To undertake activities relevant to climate change.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“we expect them to work on a climate change project of their choice”可知，候选人被期待能参与气候变化相关的活动。
√
4．What will Vidhi do to protect marine biodiversity
A．Shoot documentaries.
B．Tackle climate change.
C．Encourage people to dive.
D．Host free online workshops.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As a next step, Vidhi is planning to work on documentaries with high－quality underwater images and videos”可知，Vidhi要通过拍摄纪录片来保护海洋生物的多样性。
√
B
For the first time, a causal link has been established between climate change and the timing of a natural event — the appearance of the common brown butterfly.
Although there have been strong connections between global warming and changes in the timing of events such as animal migration and flowering, it has been hard to show a cause－and－effect link.This is what Michael Kearney and Natalie Briscoe of the University of Melbourne, Australia, have now done.
The researchers compared temperature changes in Melbourne — where the butterfly is common — with recorded observations of the first brown butterfly to be seen in the spring since the 1940s.With each of the past ten years, the butterflies appeared 1.6 days earlier and Melbourne heated by 0.14℃.Overall, the butterfly now appears on average 10.4 days before it did in the 1940s.
The pair are confident in the relationship for two reasons.First, they placed eggs of the butterfly in special boxes where temperature could be controlled and found that each larval stage had a different response to warmer than normal conditions.The egg, which is laid in late summer, and the first larval stage do well at high temperatures, says Kearney.The second to the fifth stages occur in winter and can't survive high temperatures. The knock－on effect is that the larval pupates (化蛹) earlier and the butterfly appears sooner.Second, they made a mathematical model combining these physiological effects of temperature on development with climate data.The model precisely matched the observed changes in butterfly emergence date.
The researchers used several climate models to find out what is likely to have caused the rise in Melbourne's temperature, and ruled out the possibility that natural weather events could account for the warming.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着气候的变化，动物的习性也会有所改变。蝴蝶出现得比以往早，也是气候变暖所致。
5．What is the relationship between the rise in temperature and the butterfly appearance
A．They are linked in a difficult way.
B．They are related in a cause－and－effect way.
C．They have a direct relationship with each other.
D．They have no connection with each other.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，这是第一次在气候变化和自然事件发生的时间之间建立了因果关系。由此可知，温度的上升和蝴蝶的出现有因果关系。
√
6．Why were the researchers confident about their finding
A．They had used the most advanced equipment in the world.
B．Their finding got support from the textbooks.
C．The results of their study is based on expert judgement.
D．Their experiment proved their previous guessing.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，现在的蝴蝶平均出现时间比20世纪40年代早了10.4天。再根据第四段对实验的详细描述可知，研究人员对他们的发现充满信心是因为他们的实验证实了他们先前的猜测。
√
7．What does the underlined part “The knock－on effect” in paragraph 4 mean
A．The effect caused by the thing that happened before.
B．The effect of things that happened at the same time.
C．The effect of one thing causing the other long after.
D．The effect of one thing causing the other quickly.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文“the larval pupates earlier and the butterfly appears sooner”可知，蚕化蛹比以往早，变成蝴蝶也比以前快，说明以前发生的事情造成了影响。故画线部分意思是“以前发生的事情造成的影响”。
√
8．What can be inferred from the text
A．The exact reason for Melbourne's temperature rise is very clear.
B．Climate models cannot exactly show climate change in history.
C．The timing of the butterfly appearance will be earlier with increased warming.
D．The rise in temperature decides the possibility of natural weather events.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可推断出，蝴蝶出现的时间会随着气候变暖而提前。
√
C
Overuse of land and warming temperatures are putting insect diversity in danger in some parts of the world, scientists reported Wednesday.
The study, published in the journal Nature, confirmed for the first time a clear and alarming link between warming temperatures and large－scale agriculture and showed that where there are more farmlands, there is a greater decrease in insects.
“These findings lead to huge concerns，” said Charlotte Outhwaite, the lead author of the study and researcher at the University College London, adding that losing insects could threaten human health and food supply.
“Three quarters of our crops depend on insect pollinators (授粉)，” Dave Goulson, a professor of biology at the University of Sussex in the UK, previously told the reporter.“Without insects, crops will die.We won't have things like strawberries.We can't feed 8 billion people.”
Outhwaite said their findings “may only show the tip of the iceberg (冰山一角)，”because of the limited amount of evidence in some areas.“But I think there are also a lot of results that we probably don't really know because there are so many different kinds of insects.” Outhwaite told the reporter.
Scientists say, overuse of land has a link with warming temperatures.Destroying natural habitats for agriculture can make the temperature rise sharply.Researchers found great decreases in insect populations in areas of the world that are much warmer.They concluded that in areas with small－scale agriculture, less temperature warming, and more natural habitats, insects only dropped by 7%, compared to the 63% decrease in areas with large－scale agriculture, more temperature warming and less natural habitats.So what can we do to help prevent this
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。据科学家报告称，在一些地区，过度使用土地和气候变暖正使昆虫多样性面临危险。研究发现农田越多的地方，昆虫减少得越明显，这些发现引发了人们巨大的担忧。
9．What did the study find
A．More farmlands lead to a greater decrease in insects.
B．Three quarters of our crops depend on insect pollinators.
C．Overuse of land is threatening insect diversity all over the world.
D．There is little link between warming temperatures and large－scale agriculture.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where there are more farmlands, there is a greater decrease in insects”可知，研究发现农田越多的地方，昆虫减少得越明显。
√
10．Why does the author quote Dave Goulson's words
A．To suggest solutions to people's concerns.
B．To explain the process of insect pollinators.
C．To prove the importance of insects to humans.
D．To provide evidence for the decrease in insects.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Without insects, crops will die.We won't have things like strawberries.We can't feed 8 billion people.”可知，作者引用Dave Goulson的话是为了表明昆虫对于人类非常重要。
√
11．Which one is NOT the factor of the decreases in insect populations
A．Insect pollinators.
B．Overuse of land.
C．Warming temperatures.
D．Less natural habitats.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They concluded that in areas with small－scale agriculture, less temperature warming, and more natural habitats, insects only dropped by 7%, compared to the 63% decrease in areas with large－scale agriculture, more temperature warming and less natural habitats.”可知，农业规模、气温、栖息地的数量都是昆虫种群数量减少的原因。A项“昆虫传粉者”不是昆虫种群数量减少的原因。
12．What might the author continue talking about
A．His opinions of the study.
B．Studies of natural habitat.
C．The ways to stop the decrease.
D．The causes of warming temperatures.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“So what can we do to help prevent this？”可推知，接下来将要讨论如何阻止昆虫数量下降。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
You may see many people on their yearly camping trips, going into nature to seek a connection with something greater than themselves.You might be wondering — __13__？ Here are some simple but wonderful ways to help you connect with nature.
Slow down and be present
Probably the most important thing to remember is to learn how to slow down and be truly present with the natural world. __14__ and forget everything that isn't here in the present moment.You can focus 100% of your energy on the birds, plants, trees and animals in your surroundings.
__15__
Another big secret to feeling in touch with nature is to learn how to consciously (有意识地) use your five senses.If you ever find yourself struggling to reach a peaceful experience in nature, it's probably because your five senses are not fully used.So when you step outside, always start by giving yourself a few minutes to consciously use some of your senses. __16__.
Watch your local animals
__17__.Animals have a natural appeal because they're living, breathing, active forms of intelligence.They're cute, funny, emotional and entertaining, so this is a great next step to explore.
A．Learn some plants
B．Get into your senses
C．Take a few deep breaths
D．How do you actually do it
E．How are these things all connected
F．Connecting with animals is one of the great joys
G．For example, try to listen more deeply than before
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种走进大自然并享受大自然之美的方法。
13．解析：选D　根据上文可知，本段讲述的是人类走进大自然，后文介绍的是一些能够与大自然建立联系的方法。故D项“你要如何才能真正地做到它？”承上启下，符合语境。其中的“it”指代上文提到的“走进大自然去寻找与比自己更伟大的事物之间的联系”，且D项能够引出下文对走进自然的方法的介绍。
14．解析：选C　段落主旨句提到要想走进大自然，就要学会放慢脚步，享受当下。根据后文“and forget everything that isn't here in the present moment”可知，后文介绍的是如何才能让自己享受当下。故C项“做几次深呼吸”符合段落主题，与and后面的内容为并列关系。
15．解析：选B　空处为段落主旨句。根据后文可知，本段介绍的是如何有意识地运用你的五官去感受大自然。故B项“进入你的感官”能够概括本段内容，选项中的“senses”与后文的“five senses”相呼应。
16．解析：选G　根据上文可知，本段介绍的是我们在大自然中要有意识地运用感官。故G项“例如，试着比以前更深入地倾听”承接上文，是一个如何运用我们的感官来感受自然的例子。
17．解析：选F　根据段落主旨句“Watch your local animals”可知，本段介绍的是要想走进大自然，可以观察当地的动物。故F项“与动物接触是一种极大的乐趣”符合段落主题，且能引出下文。UNIT 1　课时检测(五)　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The twenty－three－year－old Mumbai girl Vidhi Bubna is offering India's first and only diving grant to explore the marine ecosystem.
Vidhi's first diving experience turned out to be a heartbreaking one.While she expected a lot of colors underwater as she had seen on TV, Vidhi came across all white corals, which means they are almost dead from being bleached (褪色)．
“It was very sad and I just started crying after coming out of the water，” she says.
Vidhi, an economics graduate from Ashoka University, did not enjoy working with numbers and turned to writing about social issues, including women's rights and minority issues.
As an adventure lover, Vidhi went diving to explore the underwater beauty last year.Her disappointment at seeing dying corals led to the start of Coral Warriors, a non－profit organisation that aims to raise awareness of marine protection and climate change.
“Nobody knows about climate change till they see it，” Vidhi says.The Mumbai－based organisation offers India's first and only diving grant.The grant sponsors level－one scuba diving education in any location of their choice in India.While there is no specific standard, Vidhi says the selection process is strict, choosing candidates who are passionate about climate change and seeing that they do something of their choice.Four candidates have been awarded the grant so far and the organisation hopes to find at least five people every year.
“After the candidates return, we expect them to work on a climate change project of their choice, create communities, and work to create awareness and drive action－centric projects，” she explains.
Prior to starting Coral Warriors, Vidhi was hosting free online workshops to spread awareness of marine biodiversity and climate change, and has reached about 5,000 people through them.
As a next step, Vidhi is planning to work on documentaries with high－quality underwater images and videos, considering not many can afford or have the courage to go diving to see what is happening underwater.
1．How did Vidhi feel on her first diving
A．Excited.　　　　　 B．Upset.
C．Awesome. D．Awkward.
2．Why did Vidhi set up Coral Warriors
A．To focus more attention on social issues.
B．To further explore the underwater beauty.
C．To fuel people's enthusiasm for adventure.
D．To make an appeal for marine conservation.
3．What are candidates expected to do
A．To help promote people's sense of community.
B．To choose whatever they are passionate about.
C．To meet specific and strict selection standards.
D．To undertake activities relevant to climate change.
4．What will Vidhi do to protect marine biodiversity
A．Shoot documentaries.
B．Tackle climate change.
C．Encourage people to dive.
D．Host free online workshops.
B
For the first time, a causal link has been established between climate change and the timing of a natural event — the appearance of the common brown butterfly.
Although there have been strong connections between global warming and changes in the timing of events such as animal migration and flowering, it has been hard to show a cause－and－effect link.This is what Michael Kearney and Natalie Briscoe of the University of Melbourne, Australia, have now done.
The researchers compared temperature changes in Melbourne — where the butterfly is common — with recorded observations of the first brown butterfly to be seen in the spring since the 1940s.With each of the past ten years, the butterflies appeared 1.6 days earlier and Melbourne heated by 0.14℃.Overall, the butterfly now appears on average 10.4 days before it did in the 1940s.
The pair are confident in the relationship for two reasons.First, they placed eggs of the butterfly in special boxes where temperature could be controlled and found that each larval stage had a different response to warmer than normal conditions.The egg, which is laid in late summer, and the first larval stage do well at high temperatures, says Kearney.The second to the fifth stages occur in winter and can't survive high temperatures.The_knock－on_effect is that the larval pupates (化蛹) earlier and the butterfly appears sooner.Second, they made a mathematical model combining these physiological effects of temperature on development with climate data.The model precisely matched the observed changes in butterfly emergence date.
The researchers used several climate models to find out what is likely to have caused the rise in Melbourne's temperature, and ruled out the possibility that natural weather events could account for the warming.
5．What is the relationship between the rise in temperature and the butterfly appearance
A．They are linked in a difficult way.
B．They are related in a cause－and－effect way.
C．They have a direct relationship with each other.
D．They have no connection with each other.
6．Why were the researchers confident about their finding
A．They had used the most advanced equipment in the world.
B．Their finding got support from the textbooks.
C．The results of their study is based on expert judgement.
D．Their experiment proved their previous guessing.
7．What does the underlined part “The knock－on effect” in paragraph 4 mean
A．The effect caused by the thing that happened before.
B．The effect of things that happened at the same time.
C．The effect of one thing causing the other long after.
D．The effect of one thing causing the other quickly.
8．What can be inferred from the text
A．The exact reason for Melbourne's temperature rise is very clear.
B．Climate models cannot exactly show climate change in history.
C．The timing of the butterfly appearance will be earlier with increased warming.
D．The rise in temperature decides the possibility of natural weather events.
C
Overuse of land and warming temperatures are putting insect diversity in danger in some parts of the world, scientists reported Wednesday.
The study, published in the journal Nature, confirmed for the first time a clear and alarming link between warming temperatures and large－scale agriculture and showed that where there are more farmlands, there is a greater decrease in insects.
“These findings lead to huge concerns，” said Charlotte Outhwaite, the lead author of the study and researcher at the University College London, adding that losing insects could threaten human health and food supply.
“Three quarters of our crops depend on insect pollinators (授粉)，” Dave Goulson, a professor of biology at the University of Sussex in the UK, previously told the reporter.“Without insects, crops will die.We won't have things like strawberries.We can't feed 8 billion people.”
Outhwaite said their findings “may only show the tip of the iceberg (冰山一角)，”because of the limited amount of evidence in some areas.“But I think there are also a lot of results that we probably don't really know because there are so many different kinds of insects.” Outhwaite told the reporter.
Scientists say, overuse of land has a link with warming temperatures.Destroying natural habitats for agriculture can make the temperature rise sharply.Researchers found great decreases in insect populations in areas of the world that are much warmer.They concluded that in areas with small－scale agriculture, less temperature warming, and more natural habitats, insects only dropped by 7%, compared to the 63% decrease in areas with large－scale agriculture, more temperature warming and less natural habitats.So what can we do to help prevent this
9．What did the study find
A．More farmlands lead to a greater decrease in insects.
B．Three quarters of our crops depend on insect pollinators.
C．Overuse of land is threatening insect diversity all over the world.
D．There is little link between warming temperatures and large－scale agriculture.
10．Why does the author quote Dave Goulson's words
A．To suggest solutions to people's concerns.
B．To explain the process of insect pollinators.
C．To prove the importance of insects to humans.
D．To provide evidence for the decrease in insects.
11．Which one is NOT the factor of the decreases in insect populations
A．Insect pollinators.
B．Overuse of land.
C．Warming temperatures.
D．Less natural habitats.
12．What might the author continue talking about
A．His opinions of the study.
B．Studies of natural habitat.
C．The ways to stop the decrease.
D．The causes of warming temperatures.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
You may see many people on their yearly camping trips, going into nature to seek a connection with something greater than themselves.You might be wondering — __13__？ Here are some simple but wonderful ways to help you connect with nature.
Slow down and be present
Probably the most important thing to remember is to learn how to slow down and be truly present with the natural world. __14__ and forget everything that isn't here in the present moment.You can focus 100% of your energy on the birds, plants, trees and animals in your surroundings.
__15__
Another big secret to feeling in touch with nature is to learn how to consciously (有意识地) use your five senses.If you ever find yourself struggling to reach a peaceful experience in nature, it's probably because your five senses are not fully used.So when you step outside, always start by giving yourself a few minutes to consciously use some of your senses. __16__.
Watch your local animals
__17__.Animals have a natural appeal because they're living, breathing, active forms of intelligence.They're cute, funny, emotional and entertaining, so this is a great next step to explore.
A．Learn some plants
B．Get into your senses
C．Take a few deep breaths
D．How do you actually do it
E．How are these things all connected
F．Connecting with animals is one of the great joys
G．For example, try to listen more deeply than before
UNIT 1　课时检测(五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了孟买女孩Vidhi Bubna成立非营利性组织为人们提供印度首个、也是唯一的潜水奖学金，以探索并保护海洋生态系统。
1．选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Vidhi's first diving experience turned out to be a heartbreaking one.”和第三段中的“It was very sad and I just started crying after coming out of the water”可知，Vidhi的第一次潜水经历让她感到很沮丧。
2．选D　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“ aims to raise awareness of marine protection and climate change”可知，Vidhi成立该组织是为了呼吁人们重视海洋保护。
3．选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“we expect them to work on a climate change project of their choice”可知，候选人被期待能参与气候变化相关的活动。
4．选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As a next step, Vidhi is planning to work on documentaries with high－quality underwater images and videos”可知，Vidhi要通过拍摄纪录片来保护海洋生物的多样性。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着气候的变化，动物的习性也会有所改变。蝴蝶出现得比以往早，也是气候变暖所致。
5．选B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，这是第一次在气候变化和自然事件发生的时间之间建立了因果关系。由此可知，温度的上升和蝴蝶的出现有因果关系。
6．选D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，现在的蝴蝶平均出现时间比20世纪40年代早了10.4天。再根据第四段对实验的详细描述可知，研究人员对他们的发现充满信心是因为他们的实验证实了他们先前的猜测。
7．选A　词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文“the larval pupates earlier and the butterfly appears sooner”可知，蚕化蛹比以往早，变成蝴蝶也比以前快，说明以前发生的事情造成了影响。故画线部分意思是“以前发生的事情造成的影响”。
8．选C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可推断出，蝴蝶出现的时间会随着气候变暖而提前。
[C]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。据科学家报告称，在一些地区，过度使用土地和气候变暖正使昆虫多样性面临危险。研究发现农田越多的地方，昆虫减少得越明显，这些发现引发了人们巨大的担忧。
9．选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where there are more farmlands, there is a greater decrease in insects”可知，研究发现农田越多的地方，昆虫减少得越明显。
10．选C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Without insects, crops will die.We won't have things like strawberries.We can't feed 8 billion people.”可知，作者引用Dave Goulson的话是为了表明昆虫对于人类非常重要。
11．选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They concluded that in areas with small－scale agriculture, less temperature warming, and more natural habitats, insects only dropped by 7%, compared to the 63% decrease in areas with large－scale agriculture, more temperature warming and less natural habitats.”可知，农业规模、气温、栖息地的数量都是昆虫种群数量减少的原因。A项“昆虫传粉者”不是昆虫种群数量减少的原因。
12．选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“So what can we do to help prevent this？”可推知，接下来将要讨论如何阻止昆虫数量下降。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种走进大自然并享受大自然之美的方法。
13．选D　根据上文可知，本段讲述的是人类走进大自然，后文介绍的是一些能够与大自然建立联系的方法。故D项“你要如何才能真正地做到它？”承上启下，符合语境。其中的“it”指代上文提到的“走进大自然去寻找与比自己更伟大的事物之间的联系”，且D项能够引出下文对走进自然的方法的介绍。
14．选C　段落主旨句提到要想走进大自然，就要学会放慢脚步，享受当下。根据后文“and forget everything that isn't here in the present moment”可知，后文介绍的是如何才能让自己享受当下。故C项“做几次深呼吸”符合段落主题，与and后面的内容为并列关系。
15．选B　空处为段落主旨句。根据后文可知，本段介绍的是如何有意识地运用你的五官去感受大自然。故B项“进入你的感官”能够概括本段内容，选项中的“senses”与后文的“five senses”相呼应。
16．选G　根据上文可知，本段介绍的是我们在大自然中要有意识地运用感官。故G项“例如，试着比以前更深入地倾听”承接上文，是一个如何运用我们的感官来感受自然的例子。
17．选F　根据段落主旨句“Watch your local animals”可知，本段介绍的是要想走进大自然，可以观察当地的动物。故F项“与动物接触是一种极大的乐趣”符合段落主题，且能引出下文。
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