资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
A5
1.affect / fekt/ v.
affection / fek. n/ n.
affective[ fekt v] adj.
affecting [ fekt ] adj.
v.
1)affect sb /sth
= influence sb/sth
=shape sb / sth
=make a difference to.../
=have an influence on
Poor housing and family
stress can affect both our
body and mind health.
His illness affects almost every
aspect of his life.
move sb
I was deeply affected by the film.
n.affection =emotion
情感的纽带
She felt no affection for the child.
In this society there is a taboo on
any sort of public display of
affection.
He remembered the teachers at
his first school with great
affection.
adj.affective =emotional
adj. afffecting =moving
It was an affecting sight.
2.affect / fekt/ v.
affectation [ fek te n] n.
affected [ fekt d] adj.
affect indifference
affect calmness
affect ignorance
She affected calmness that she
didn’t feel inside.
n.no affectation , no die
I wore sunglasses all the time
and people thought it was an
affectation。
adj.
I found her very affected.
an affected manner/style of writing
矫揉造作的行为/文风
effect / fekt/ n.
effects n.
effective / fek.t v/ adj.
n. 果：结果，效果
1) cause and effect
I tried taking tablets for the
headache but they didn't
have any effect.
2)have an effect on / upon....
take effect
Butterfly effect
Certain chemicals have
been banned because of their
damaging effect on the
environment.
The new salary increases will take effect (= begin) from January
onwards.
in effect
①The ban on arms will be in effect
from next month.
②In effect, the two systems
are the same.
4)To the effect that ...
He left a note on the table to the effect that he would never come back.
n. effects =belongings
The insurance policy
covers all the baggage and
personal effects.
adj. It's an extremely effective
cure for a headache.
afford / f d/v.
affordable
/ f .d .b l/
unaffordable
v.
1)I don't know how he can afford
a new car on his salary.
口can’t afford to do sth
We can't afford to make
any mistakes at this stage in
the project.
He can ill afford to fail any of his
exams.
2)提供;给予
afford sb sth
He afforded us an opportunity to
ask questions about how system
might change.
Her seat afforded her an
uninterrupted view of the stage.
adj.
According to the guidelines, ten
percent of the dwellings in the
development must be affordable.
For many people, this type of
treatment remains unaffordable.
after短语
1)look after
take after
He doesn't take after his parents
at all - he's completely different
from them.
He asked his neighbor to look
after his plants while he was on
vacation.
2)go
run
chase after
She decided to go after her
dreams and become an artist.
The police went after the criminal, but he managed to escape.
name after
The city was named after its
founder.
This new species of flower was
named after the scientist who
discovered it.
Shortly after
Shortly after my arrival at the
school, I was befriended by an
older girl.
after all
Don’t blame the boy ,after all, we
all made mistakes at times.
6.afterward
ward(s):词根译为：朝向
afterward(s) / ɑ f.t .w dz/adv.
forward / f .w d/ adv.
backward / b k.w d/ adv.
upward / p.w d/
downward / da n.w d/
Inward / n.w d/ adv.
outward / a t.w d/
leftward / left.w d/
rightward
onward / n.w d/
I always look forward, not back.
She left without looking
backward.
The woman broke up with her
boyfriend soon afterward.
The force pushes the object
in an inward direction.
He accused the party leadership of moving leftward.
If you are continuing on an
onward flight, your bags will be
transferred automatically.
against 介词的用法（参考后面）
agent [ e d nt] n.
agency [ e d nsi] n.
n.
1)CIA:Central Intelligence
Agency
Xinhua News Agency
international aid agency
2)travel agency /
advertising agency /
employment agency /
dating agency /
n.
1)an insurance agent
a travel agent
2)KGB agent
FBI agent
3)作用剂，催化剂
a powerful cleaning agent
高效清洁剂
a raising agent for cakes
蛋糕发酵剂
a clotting agent
凝结剂
4)In many societies young men
regard themselves as highly
active, the agents of change,
shapers of the world.
He was the agent of their
destruction.
是他导致了他们的毁灭。
6.aggressive
[ ɡres v] adj.
aggression
[ ɡre n] n.
aggressor
[ ɡres (r)] n.
adj.
1)passive aggressive
被动攻击性人格
Aggressive behavior
贬义：好斗的，惹事生非的，强势的
a dangerous aggressive dog
He gets aggressive when he's
drunk.
2)褒义:积极进取的
He is respected as an aggressive
and competitive manager.
3)疾病：恶性的
aggressive breast cancer
n. military aggression
physical aggression
n.
It is weakness that attracts an
aggressor, not strength.
6.agenda [ d end ] n.
diary /
notebook /
timetable
/ ta m te .b l/
schedule
[ edju l] [ sked u l]
1)Put sth on the agenda
This is sure to be an item on the
agenda next week.
2)The timetable for our trip
to Paris includes visits to
Notre-Dame and the
Louvre.
3)class schedule /
production schedule /
bus schedule
on schedule
ahead of schedule/
behind schedule
Filming began on schedule
The tunnel project has already
fallen behind schedule .
7.agree [ ɡri ] v.
disagree [ d s ɡri ] v.
agreement
[ ɡri m nt] n.
disagreement
[ d s ɡri m nt] n.
从分歧到话语权
v.
agree 短语:
1)agree on (doing) sth
4)agree to do sth
(不存在agree sb to do sth 结构)
They agreed to meet on Thursday.
She agreed to let me go earlier today.
Both agreed on building a wall
between the two countries’
borders.
2)agree with sb / sth
①I quite agree with you.
②The food does not agree with me.
Hard work does not agree with
him.
③His story agrees with the facts.
A verb must agree with its subject in person and number.
3)agree to sth(= be willing to accept or allow sth)
Do you think that he will agree to their proposal
4)(口）let’s agree to disagree
求同存异 、 各自保留意见
So, when it comes to our own
pursuits of happiness, we
agree to disagree.
5) I couldn’t agree more.
Well said! I couldn't agree more.
口:couldn’t .......more 表肯定
Couldn’t .....less 表否定
I couldn’t care more 我很在乎
I couldn’t care less
我一点也不在乎
Uhm, I couldn't be more excited, you know, I'm here to help this
team win。
agreeable
/ ɡri . .b l/adj.
disagreeable
/ d s. ɡri . .b l/adj.
adj.
1)If Bridget is agreeable to the
proposal, we'll start the project
in June.
The talks are aimed at finding
a mutually agreeable solution.
宜人的，令人愉快的
We spent a most agreeable
evening by the river.
adj.令人厌恶的
She said some very
disagreeable things.
agriculture
[ ɡr k lt (r)] n.
agricultural
[ ɡr k lt r l] adj.
industry
[ nd stri] n.
industrial
[ n d stri l] adj.
commerce[ k m s]n.
commercial
[k m l] adj.
（central bank:
PBC: People’s Bank of China
(Four commercial banks :
①ICBC:
Industrial and Commercial
Bank of China
②ABC :Agricultural Bank of
China
③CCB:Construction Bank of
China
④BOC:Bank of China
adj. traditional agricultural
societies.
commercial operation
Industrial base
Industrial revolution
ahead / hed/adv.
1)The road ahead is very busy.
Turn left at the traffic lights, and
you'll see the hospital straight
ahead.
2)He couldn't bear to think of the
lonely year ahead.
3)All the children in the class are
doing well, but Sophie is way
(= far) ahead.
相关短语：
1)ahead of ...
ahead of time
ahead of schedule
Rick walked on ahead of us.
This was one Olympic site that
had been completed ahead of
schedule (= before the time that
was arranged).
go ahead
go ahead with sth
"Could I ask you a rather personal question " "Sure, go ahead."
I got so fed up with waiting for
him to do it that I just went ahead
and did it myself.
AIDS [e dz]
AIDS: Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome
HIV :Human
Immunodeficiency Virus
为病毒携带者，没有症状。
AIDS: is a disease which destroys the natural system of
protection that the body
has against other
diseases.
(AIDS 实在病毒没有控住
的情况下，病人出现了感染，肿瘤。
aid[e d] n. / v.
n. in aid of ......
with the aid of ....
economic aid humanitarian aid
aid agencies
medical aid
He succeeded with the aid of a
completely new method he discovered。
We may travel with the aid of a good map.
Such of words, they are in aid of more people.
I'm collecting money in aid of starving children.
v. The export sector will aid the economic recovery.
111.aim /e m/n./v.
aimless adj.
aimlessly adv.
n.
1)short-term aim
long-term aim
with the aim of doing sth
Our short-term aim is to deal with
our current financial difficulties,
but our long-term aim is to
improve the company's
profitability.
The aim is to improve the public
image of the police.
She set out with the aim of
becoming the youngest ever
winner of the championship.
2)She raised her gun, took aim
and fired.
v.
1)aim at sth
There are hundreds of nuclear
missiles aimed at the main
cities.
The government's campaign is
aimed at influencing public
opinion.
2)aim to do sth
I aim to be a millionaire by the time
I'm 35.
adj.
She said that her life seemed
aimless after her children left
home.
adv.
While she waited, she walked
aimlessly around the car park.
112.air 短语
1)by air
He went to Paris by air.
Which is faster, by air or by train
2)in the air
①Birds fly in the air. /
I kicked the ball high in the air.
②The plan is quite (up) in the air.
3)in the open air
The families were barbecuing in the open air.
The film will be shown in the open air tonight.
4)on the air / off the air
The show is on the air.
What’s on the air this evening
The show was off the air because of the race discrimination.
5)put on airs
摆空架子；装腔作势；
You can't put on airs and make
everyone like you.
air v.
1)Leave the windows open to let
the room air a bit.
My mother always airs the sheets before she makes the beds.
2)说出，公开，亮出（观点等）
He'll air his views on the war
whether people want to listen
or not.
3)广播，播出，播送
The game will be aired live on CBS at 7.00 tonight.
air conditioner
[ e k nd n (r)] n.
air –conditioned
[ e k nd nd] adj.
adj.The air-conditioned bedrooms
at the hotel are equipped with
modern conveniences that make
your stay a comfortable
one.
n. The air-conditioner in my apartment is not working, so it's too hot inside.
114.airline [ e la n] n.
airway [ e we ] n.
airspace[ e spe s] n.
air其它合成词汇
air ambulance
/ e r m.bj .l ns/
air brake 汽动刹车
[ e bre k]
aircraft / e .krɑ ft/
aircraft carrier
air bubble
air bridge
旅客登机桥
air compressor
空气压缩机
115.airborne
/ e .b n/adj.
air空气+borne产生
在空中的;空气传播的;空运的;
飞行中的
The old plane had great difficulty
getting airborne (= rising into the air).
Airborne troops were dropped by
parachute behind enemy lines.
116.alarm / lɑ m/ n. / v.
alarming adj.
(补充：七宗罪）
警：警报，警惕
alarm clock
burglar alarm
fire alarm
smoke alarm
raise / sound the alarm
If there's any trouble, raise/sound
the alarm by pulling the
emergency cord.
The fire alarm goes off
accidentally so often that when
it's the real thing nobody will
take any notice.
2)cause her any alarm
I didn't tell her that he was late
because I didn't want to cause her
any alarm.
v.alarm sb
I didn't want to alarm him by
telling him that she was ill.
adj.
令人恐慌的，令人担心的
There has been an alarming rise in
the rate of inflation.
The alarming destruction of the
American forest.
album / l.b m/n.
1)We've put the best wedding
photos into an album.
a stamp/photograph album
2)Have you heard their new album
against 详解
1.against 的基本释意
①表示 “抗，逆，反”
“不利于”等。
He hit his head against
the window.
他的头撞到了窗户上。
We are all against his idea.
我们都反对他的想法。
He was married against his will.
他结婚是有违本意的。
He spoke against the new
law.
他发言抨击新法律。
We'll play against Class Three. 我们将与三班比赛。
There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him.
有20票赞成他，12票反对他。
②表示“靠着”
He stood with his back
against the door.
他背靠门站着。
③“迎着”“衬着”等。如：
It is difficult to see anything against this bright light.
对着这种强光很难看到任何东西。
Bright red flags flow in the wind against the blue sky.
鲜艳的红旗映着蓝天迎风飘扬。
注意：
against 是介词，不是动词。如：
1)他靠在树上。
He leaned against the tree.
(正)
He against the tree. (误)
2)这个计划你是赞成还是反对呢
Are you for or against the
plan (正)
Do you support or against
the plan (误)
3)Do you support or oppose the plan (正）
be for =support v.
be against-oppose v.
against是介词，其后要用v-ing. 如：
be against doing sth
我反对在警察到达之前采取任何行动。
I’m against doing anything
till the police arrive. (正)
I’m against to do anything till the police arrive.(误)
against 固定搭配翻译
1) against one’s will
违反自己的意愿
2)go against
违反,不利于
3)act against
违反
4)fight against
同…战斗
5)go against
违背,作对,不利于
6) go against the stream
反潮流，逆潮流而行
7)go against the tide
不随大流
8)hope against hope
存一线希望，
抱着万一的希望
9)kick against the pricks
以卵击石
10)vote against
投票反对…
11)witness against
不利于…的证人
12)against the law
违法
13)against the clock
拼命赶时间
race against time
与时间赛跑
14）against the blue sky
在蓝天的衬托下
15）against the tree
靠着树
16）against the wall
靠着墙壁
翻译下列句子
Let's put the piano over
there, ______the wall.
2.They were going to sail
around the little island,
______the tide.
3. The car hit ________the tree.
4.He is standing ______the wall.
5. We are all _____ his idea.
6. We are all taking
medicine_____ the cold.
7.They are strongly _____the
idea.
Your school team will play
______us this afternoon.
"Nothing can make me turn
____ my country." he said
firmly.
We'll have a football
match ______Class Three.
We have saved some money
______ our old age.
There are 26 votes for him
and 8 ______ him.
Don't do anything that should
go ______his will.
Everything began to go ____
__ us.
但丁在《神曲》里根据恶行的严重性顺序从轻到重排列七宗罪，其次序为：
1.色欲（拉丁语：luxuria，英语：lust /l st/ ）－－放纵自己的欲望，只重视肉体的满足，忽略心灵的沟通交流。
色欲是指过于强烈的、不合乎道德的欲望。对性爱的渴望，对刺激的追求等都是色欲最极端的罪行。（但丁的标准是“过分爱慕对方”，而这样便会贬低了神对人们的爱。）
2暴食（拉丁语：gula，英语：gluttony/ ɡl t. n.i/）－－浪费食物，沉迷享乐。
狭义的观点认为“暴食”等于浪费食物。从广义来说，就是指“沉迷”于某事物，如酗酒、滥用药物、屯积不必要的物品、沉溺于赌博玩乐而不思进取等。（但丁的观点是“过分贪图逸乐”。）
3.贪婪（拉丁语：avaritia，英语：greed /ɡri d/）－－希望占有比所需更多的事物。
尤其是指金钱或权力的过分追求。圣多玛斯·阿奎纳认为贪婪是“背向神的罪恶，正如所有朽坏的罪恶一样，是人为了会腐败的东西，放弃永恒的东西。”与贪婪有关的罪包括偷窃、打劫、贪腐、叛国等。（但丁的观点是“过度热衷于寻求金钱上或权力上的优越”。）
4.懒惰（拉丁语：acedia，英语：sloth /sl θ/）－－逃避现实、无责任心及浪费时间。
懒惰被宣告为有罪是因为：1.其他人需更努力工作以填补缺失。2.该做的事情还没有做好，对自己是百害而无一利。（从但丁的神学观念上去看，怠惰是“未能全心爱上帝，未能全副精神爱上帝，未能尽全人之心灵爱上帝”，具体来说包括怠惰、怯懦、容易满足及无责任感。）
5.暴怒（拉丁语：ira，英语：wrath /r θ/）－－憎恨他人。
产生无理的愤怒，对人复仇。在律法所赋与的权力以外，行使惩罚他人的意欲亦被归作愤怒。歧视、过分的警戒心、对他人有伤害的意图也算是暴怒。（但丁描述为“把对公义的爱护歪曲为复仇和憎恨”。）
6.嫉妒（拉丁语：invidia，英语：envy/ en.vi/）－－因对方所拥有的资产比自己丰富而恼恨他人。
嫉妒跟贪婪一样，是一种因为不能满足的欲望而产生的罪恶。贪婪通常跟物质财产有关，而嫉妒则跟其他方面有关，例如爱情，或他人的成功。（但丁说：“对自己资产的喜爱变质成了忌恨其他更美好事物的拥有者的欲望”。）
7.傲慢（拉丁语：superbia，英语：pride /pra d/）－－最严重的罪恶，包括对上帝不敬、对他人凶残。
《圣经》在路加福音4:5-8记载：撒旦是这世界的统治者，撒旦也曾以他所统治的世界荣耀试探耶稣，这显示撒旦拥有全世界的政治权柄。圣经中并没有交代撒旦的真实身份，仅在旧约有提到：上帝命令人类不可食用智慧之树的果实，撒旦为了摧毁上帝的创造物，化为蛇引诱人类犯罪，导致人类被逐出伊甸园，从此必须忍受寒冷与饥饿。后来其他人的小说写作内容借用撒旦代表：傲慢被认为是七宗罪中最原始，最严重的一项，因为撒旦拥有统治世界的权力，而滥用权力正是一种傲慢。
A6
alcohol/ l.k .h l/ n.
alcoholic
/ l.k h l. k/ adj. / n.
adj. alcoholic drinks
non-alcoholic drinks
n.酗酒者，嗜酒者
After divorce , he became an
alcoholic and lost his job.
n. I could smell the alcohol in his
mouth.
185. alert / l t/
n. / v. / adj.
警：警报，警惕，警觉
adj. be alert to .....
Parents should be alert to
sudden changes in
children's behaviour.
n. be on alert for …..
a fire alert
a bomb alert
The police are warning the
public to be on alert for the
unknown package.
广告语alert today,alive tomorrow
v. Alerted by the noise
downstairs, he sat up and
turned on the light.
alarm与alert的区别
“Alarm”和“Alert”都有“警报、警告”的含义，但在用法和侧重点上有所不同。
“Alarm”作为名词时，通常指突然的恐慌或担忧，强调让人感到惊恐的情况；作为动词时，意为“使惊恐，使害怕”。例如：“The fire alarm went off.”（火灾警报响了。）“The noise alarmed her.”（那噪音使她惊恐。）
“Alert”作为名词时，侧重指对可能出现的危险或情况的警觉；作为动词时，意为“向……报警，使警觉”。例如：“Stay alert when you walk alone at night.”（晚上独自走路时要保持警觉。）“The police were alerted to the robbery.”（警方接到了关于抢劫的警报。）
总的来说，“Alarm”更强调引起的恐慌情绪，“Alert”则更侧重于保持警觉的状态。
186.algebra / l.d .br / n.
geometry/d i m. .tri/ n.
linear algebra
/ l n.i. r/ / l.d .br / n.
线形代数
projective geometry
[pr d kt v] /d i m. .tri/
投影几何
alive / la v/adj.
1)alive and well
活得好好的
keep someone alive
维持某人的生命
stay alive
还在世
She's alive and well and living in New Zealand.
The lost hikers were able to stay alive by finding shelter in a cave
in the side of the mountain.
Doctors kept him alive on
a life-support machine.
2)keep sth alive
仍然存在的
Relatives of the missing sailors
are struggling to keep their hopes
alive.
3)come alive
（地方）变得繁忙;热闹起来;活跃起来
The city centre really comes alive
at the weekend.
She's a writer who really knows
how to make her characters
come alive.
4)be alive with
充满，满是，到处都是（有生命的或活动的东西）
The pond was alive with frogs.
5)be alive to sth
意识到，认识到;注意到
I ski for the excitement, but I'm
also always alive to the risks.
188.all 短语
1)all along
Do you think he's been cheating
us all along
all but = almost = nearly
We have all but finished our
homework, please wait another
five minutes.
3)all in all
All in all, it appeared that a pretty depressing summer awaited
Jones.
in all :
There are twenty in all at the
party.
5)at all
①用于条件从句
Do it well if you do it at all
②用于疑问句
Are you at all worried about the test result
Do you play poker at all
③用于否定句
To try and fail is better than not to try at all.
He speaks an Indian English that I can hardly understand at all.
④用于礼貌回应对方的感
A: Thanks a lot.
B: Not at all.
“Not at all”的多重用途
首先，我们来看一下“not at all”最常见的用法——表示否定。在这种情况下，“not at all”相当于“完全不”，用于强调否定的程度。例如，当有人问你：“Do you like this movie ”（你喜欢这部电影吗？），你可以回答：“Not at all.”（一点也不喜欢）。这里的“not at all”就是用来否定你对电影的喜爱程度。
其次，“not at all”也常用于回应别人的感谢或道歉。当别人向你表示感谢时，你可以说：“You're welcome.”（不客气）或者“Not at all.”（不用谢）。同样，当别人向你道歉时，你也可以说：“It's okay.”（没关系）或者“Not at all.”（没关系）。这里的“not at all”就是用来表示你的谦虚和大度。
然而，“not at all”的用途远不止于此。在某些情况下，它还可以用来表示惊讶或不解。例如，当有人告诉你一个令人震惊的消息时，你可能会说：“Really Not at all!”（真的吗？完全没想到！）。这里的“not at all”就是用来表达你的惊讶和不解。
此外，“not at all”还可以用来表示同意或确认。例如，当有人提出一个观点或建议时，你可以说：“I agree. Not at all.”（我同意。完全同意）。这里的“not at all”就是用来强调你的同意和肯定。
最后，“not at all”还可以用来表示反驳或否定别人的观点。例如，当有人提出一个你认为错误的观点时，你可以说：“That's not true. Not at all.”（那不是真的。完全不是真的）。这里的“not at all”就是用来反驳和否定别人的观点。
allergic/ l .d k/ adj.
allergy/ l. .d i/
adj. be allergic to
= be sensitive to …..
I have been allergic to soya
Milk /seafood/medicine
/bees and cats.
n. have an allergy to....
Your rash is caused by the allergy to peanuts.
I have an allergy to the animal
hair.
189.
energy / en. .d i/ n.
energetic / en. d et. k/ adj.
n.
1)renewable energy
可再生能源
nuclear energy
solar energy
wind energy
2)For the past month he's been
spending all his time and energy
on trying to find a job.
adj. The outdoor centre organizes
lots of energetic activities
for the kids, like cyclingand
canoeing.
190.alley / l.i/n.
=alleyway n.
街头巷尾
He wheeled his bike into the alley
at the side of the house.
along / l / prep.
We walked along the beach
collecting small crabs in a
bucket.
Cars were parked all along the
road.
Somewhere along this road
there's a garage.
along用法和固定搭配
along with：
意为“与……一起”、“随着”，常指伴随或同时发生。例如：
I went to the cinema along with my friends.
（我和我的朋友一起去看电影。）
get along with：
意为“与……相处融洽”，常用于形容人际关系。例如：
I get along with my colleagues very well.
（我和同事相处得很好。）
go along with：
意为“赞同”、“支持”、“附和”，常用于表达特定观点。例如：
I don't go along with your
opinion.
（我不赞同你的观点。）
play along with：
与。。一起玩，即：
意为“配合”、“顺应”，常用于表示对某人或某事的接受或配合。例如：
I decided to play along with their plan.
（我决定配合他们的计划。）
bring along：
意为“带来”，常用于表示随身携带某物。例如：
Don't forget to bring along your passport.
（别忘了带上你的护照。）
walk along：
意为“沿着……走”，常用于描述行进的方向。例如：
I saw the old man walking
along the river.
（我看到那个老人沿着河走。）
be along：
意为“到达”，常用于表示时间或地点。例如：
When will the bus be along （公交车什么时候到？）
192.alongside
/ l sa d/prep.adv.
1)=next to
A car pulled up alongside (ours).
2)=together with
The UK fought alongside France,
Turkey, and Sardinia during the
Crimean War.
The new pill will be used
alongside existing medicines.
193. aggravate
/ ɡ.r .ve t/ v.
aggravation n.
/ ɡ.r ve . n/
gravity / ɡr v. .ti/ n.
→ alleviate / li .vi.e t/ v.
alleviation
[ li v e ( )n] n.
levity / lev. .ti/ n.
n. 重：重力，严重
1)Newton’s the laws of gravity
2)I don’t think you understand
the gravity of the situation.
v.
1)The treatment only aggravated
the condition.
2)激怒，使恼火
Stop aggravating me, will you!
n.
1)Study on the Social Factors about the Aggravation of Flood
Disaster .
2)烦恼；恼人的事
I've been getting a lot of
aggravation at work recently.
n. 轻：轻松，轻浮，轻佻
I appreciate that this was a
serious matter, and some of us did not like it being treated with such levity.
v.alleviate the pain
This painkiller has slightly alleviated my toothache.
n. Poverty alleviation 减轻贫困，扶贫
=Poverty mitigation
194. allocate/ l. .ke t/ v. allocation
/ l. ke . n/ n.
参考C根中：loc
v. The government is allocating
10 million for health education.
195.allow 短语
1) allow (doing) sth
The facts allow no other
explanation.
We don’t allow eating in the
classrooms.
2)allow sb to do sth
允许某人做某事。
My parents don’t allow me to go
out at night.
★有时用于被动语态。
Passengers are not allowed to
smoke.
3) allow for=consider
We should allow for every
possible flight delay.
All the possible factors must be
allowed for.
4)allow of =permit of
注意： 主语为物
The facts allow of only one
explanation.
allow me (口）
A. we can’t open the door.
B. Allow me .
196. allowance/ la . ns/ n.
二种钱
二种限制：限重，限量
clothing allowance
Living allowance
travel allowance
2)allowance =pocket money
He gets a small allowance from
his father - just
enough to live on until he
starts to earn money.
3)允许的定量，限额
baggage allowance
a baggage allowance of 20 kilos.
make allowances for
=allow for
.....考虑，体谅，顾及
alone / l n/ adv.
He likes being alone in the house.
alone短语
1)leave me alone
2)let alone
We fear no death, let alone
difficulties.
Her income was barely enough to
maintain one child, let alone
three.
198.alphabet / l.f .bet/ n.
alphabetic
/ l.f bet. k/ adj.
n. Z comes after Y in the alphabet.
199.alter / l.t r/ v.
alteration
/ l.t re . n/ n.
v. alter the facts /
alter the body shape /
alter one’s temperament
n.make an alteration to.....
I had to make some
alterations in my research
paper.
200.alternate / l.t .ne t/ v.
alternation
/ l.t ne . n/ n.
v. alternate between A and B
alternate A with B
She alternated between
cheerfulness and deep despair.
Throughout the holiday, the
weather alternated between
rain and sunshine every day.
n. alternation of light and shade
光影交替
Flowers and trees are planted to
produce an attractive alternation
of light and shade in the garden.
adj. / l t .n t/
alternate route
另一条路线
alternate assessment
另一种评估方式
His group was forced to turn back and take an alternate
route.
每隔。。。。
Lesley had agreed to Jim going skiing in alternate years.
John has to work on alternate Sundays.
n.替代者，替补，候补人，代理
He made me an alternate, just in case.
Our usual captain is on leave.
Simon is the alternate.
201.alternative
/ l t .n .t v/ adj. / n.
adj.
1)(计划或方法）
可替代的；可供选择的
alternative fuel
alternative medicine
2)替代性的，非传统的；另类的
alternative comedy
另类喜剧
n.
an alternative to ......
have no alternative but to do sth
= have no choice but to do sth
=have no option but to do sth
They prove to be a good
alternative to petroleum
They have no alternative but to
accept the fact.
202..altogether
/ l.t ɡe . r/ adv.
=in total
That'll be $52.50 altogether,
please.
He's bad-tempered, selfish,
and altogether
an unpleasant man.
=completely
altogether +adj.
I'm not altogether sure
I want that .
203.although /though
1) although/ though
译为虽然是，可互换。
Although（though)…….but …….(≠)
Although(though)…….yet / still………..(√)
Although he is in poor
health, yet/ still he works
hard.
2)Although 多用于句子首位，较正式
3)在下列结构中，只能用though.
①even though
Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling.
②as though / as if
He seemed as though he
had already known the truth.
③though 用于倒装，（=as)
Young though he is , he is quite experienced.
Child though he is , he knows a
lot.
Fast though he runs, he can’t win
the relay race.
语法说明：（参考后面）
4)though 译为然而时，可放于句尾。
He promised that he would come, he didn’t, though.
204.altitude
titude :
attitude/ t. .t u d/ n.
altitude / l.t .t u d/ n.
aptitude / p.t .t u d/ n.
fortitude / f .t .t u d/n
rectitude / rek.t .t u d/ n.
gratitude/ ɡr t. .t u d/
US/ ɡr t . .tu d/
1)an attitude to / towards / about
/on sb / sth
n. Many driver have a serious
attitude problem.
have a positive / negative
attitude to the CET.
2)n. at the altitude of ……
Snow leopards live at the high
altitude.
3)n. We will take yourpersonal
aptitudes and abilities into
account.
4)n.I thought she showed remarkable fortitude during that period.
5)n.I like Whittier for his
enthusiasms and moral
rectitude.
6)n.Take this as a token of my
gratitude for all your help.
205.aluminium/ l.j m n.i. m/ n.
aluminium alloy
/ l.j m n.i. m/ / l. / n.
copper
/ k p. r/n.
as / though
引导的让步状语从句倒装原则：
把句中的表语，
状语，
谓语中的动词原形等
提前至从句句首，而作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需要省去.
1)Though it is short , the article is very important.
=Short though it is， the article is very important
(表语放于句首)
2)Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
=Child though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
（表语如果为单数名词，原来的a/an需在转化后去掉）
3)Though you read fast , you can’t finish the book so soon .
=Fast though you read , you can’t finish the book so soon
(状语放于句首)
Though you may object , I will
go 　
=Object though you may , I will
go
(谓语动词原形放于句首)
5)As he tried, he failed again.
=Try as he did , he failed again.（谓语动词原形放于句首）
Exercise :
填空
1. _______ , we got up very early as usual.
A. As cold was the weather
B. Cold as the weather was
C. Cold as was the weather
D. As the weather was cold
2. _______ , she dared to think, speak up and act.
A. As she was a girl
B. A girl as she was
C. Girl as was she
D. Girl though she was
3. _______ , he wanted to buy his daughter a Christmas gift.
A. Short of money as was he
B. Short of money as he was
C. Because he was short of money
D. Lack of money as although he was
4. Try _______ I might, I could not convince him of my story.
A. as
B. although
C. because
D. no matter how
5. _______ , we continued our way.
A. As terrible the storm was
B. Terrible as the storm was
C. As terrible was the storm
D. Terrible the storm as was
, I have never
seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so
much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have traveled so
，Carolina
couldn’t get the door open.
Try as she might
B. As she might try
C. She might as try
D. Might she as try much
二．请根据让步状语从句的倒装原则，倒装出下列的句子。
Although it was so cold, we
went out.
Although I respect your point
of view much , I can’t totally agree.
Although she was a woman,
she seemed more courageous than most of the men.
Although he will try, he will
never seem to do it
satisfactorily.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

展开更多......

收起↑