资源简介

Section Ⅲ　　Grammar and usage
　　　(语法项目——动词不定式作定语和结果状语)
语境中体悟
Are you looking for a sports watch to help you keep track of your fitness and chart your training progress？① Whether you're a professional athlete or keen sportsperson, DX Sports Watch is the ideal choice for you.It has a digital display to record your steps, speed and distance②， as well as monitoring your heart rate and calories burnt.It also has a voice control setting to enable you to stay hands－free, while its waterproof band is so soft as to be comfortable to wear.③DX Sports Watch is only available online, so go to our website and place your order today!
[语法入门]
句①中不定式短语作定语。
句②中不定式短语作定语。
句③中第一个不定式短语作定语，第二个不定式短语作结果状语。
学案中理清
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保留动词的某些特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语和状语。本单元重点讲解动词不定式作定语和结果状语的用法。
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，表示尚未发生的动作，与名词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。
(一)动词不定式作定语的用法
1．当中心词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
2．有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语，而这些动词的同源名词后常跟不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有wish、 decision、 determination、 refusal、 arrangement、 intention、 agreement、 hope、 need、 plan、 promise、 failure、 attempt、 offer等。
3．动词不定式常常放在某些抽象名词，如plan、way、 chance、 place、 desire、 effort、 ability、 time、 opportunity、 reason、 potential、 freedom等或不定代词后面作定语。
[对点练]　(完成句子)
①Believe it or not, I am ____________________________________.
信不信由你，我是唯一听到这个消息的人。
②Alan was _____________________________________________________________.
艾伦是获奖的学生中最小的。
③He said he had no __________________________________________________________.
他说他没有去那里的计划。
④He has _____________________ his classes lively and interesting.
他有一种奇怪的方法，能使他的课生动有趣。
(二)动词不定式作定语时与所修饰词之间的逻辑关系
1．动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，通常与该名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
2．当动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果该不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后需要加上适当的介词。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine － the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
②A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
③The only way __________ (pay) for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol (医用酒精) and a bar of soup.
二、动词不定式作结果状语
1．动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些特定的结构中：
too ...to do ...　　　 太……而不能做……
so/such ...as to do ... 如此……以至于做……
enough ...to do ... 足够……以至于做……
2．动词不定式作结果状语时往往含有“令人意想不到”的意思，其中“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动词不定式之前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语气。
|名师点津|　现在分词短语作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果，即句子谓语和结果状语之间有直接的因果关系。
Jack has made great progress, making his parents very happy.
杰克取得了很大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。　　
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①It is too early ____________ (tell) if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.
②If you're lucky enough ____________ (receive) gifts, keep them in a safe place.
③Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only ____________ (see) it move suddenly away from me.
应用中融通
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is more fortunate ①____________ (grow) than anywhere else.With its high altitudes, long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang is the only place ②____________ (produce) fruits with extremely high sugar content in China.Every fall, people can find that a large number of grapes are so convenient as ③____________ (ship) from Xinjiang to other parts of China, and the way ④____________ (store) the rest is to make them into raisins.
In the vineyards of Moyu, the climate that results from being surrounded by the desert is hot and dry enough ⑤____________ (grow) huge quantities of large and juicy grapes with very thin skins.These grapes give the locals a chance ⑥____________ (live) a wealthy and sweet life.
In mid－September, when their seedless white grapes ripen, if you pick one and put it in your mouth, its taste will be too wonderful for you ⑦____________ (forget)．
1．As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock.
你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。
★shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动vt.使震惊
|用|法|感|知|
I got a shock when I heard the news.
听到这个消息时，我大吃一惊。
(“心理描写”佳句)He stood there in shock, unsure what to do next.
他吃惊地站在那里，不知道接下来做什么。
[归纳点拨]
(1)in shock　　　　　 震惊地，吃惊地
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的
be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/熟词生义)
①They were so ____________ (shock) that they hadn't even thought to call for an ambulance yet.
②Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give away the ____________ (shock) ending.
③I stared at him ____________ shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat.
④Don't touch that wire or you'll get a shock.____________
2．The strong wind and heavy rain didn't scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure.
强风暴雨没有吓到我，但是停电的时候我吓坏了。
★power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量
|用|法|感|知|
I seemed to have lost the power of speech.
我好像话都说不出来了。
A power failure plunged everything into darkness.
电源故障使一切陷入黑暗。
(主旨升华句)Sometimes, a small act of love and kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference.
有时候，一个小小的善举能够产生巨大的影响。
[归纳点拨]
(1)within one's power 在某人能力/权力范围之内
beyond/out of one's power 某人力所不能及/超出某人的能力
be in power 执政(强调状态)
come into/to power 开始掌权/执政(强调动作)
have power to do sth. 有能力/权力做某事
(2)powerful adj. 有影响力的；强有力的
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①It is important to understand the ____________ (power) economic and social forces at work behind our own actions.
②Great art has the power ____________ (change) lives.
③I am sorry it's ____________ my power to make a final decision on the project.
(2)一句多译
他上台已经五年了。
④He _______________________ for five years.
⑤It has been five years since he ________________________________________________.
3．Were you afraid of running out of supplies
你是不是担心补给品用光了？
★run out of用完，耗尽
|用|法|感|知|
(“环境保护”主题佳句)Facing the problem that quite precious natural resources may be run out of/used up, on no account can we waste them again.
面对相当宝贵的自然资源可能枯竭的问题，我们决不能再浪费它们。
I ran across one of my old friends when I was walking in the street the other day.
前几天我在街上走的时候，碰到了一个老朋友。
I'd like to run for the vice president of the English club in our school.
我想竞选我校英语俱乐部的副会长。
[归纳点拨]
(1)run out　　 用完；用光(不及物动词短语；
主语通常是“物”)
give out 用尽；筋疲力尽(不及物动词短语)
use up 用完；消耗尽(及物动词短语；
主语通常是“人”)
(2)run for 竞选；匆匆去取
run across 偶然遇到
run into 撞上；遇到；邂逅
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句式升级)
①I nearly ran ____________ a bus when it stopped suddenly in front of me.
②The earth's resources are being used ____________ at an alarming rate.
③Even after hours of work, his energy never seems to give ____________.
④Because food supplies are being run out of, the situation there is getting from bad to worse.
→With ______________________， the situation there is getting from bad to worse.
★supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供
|用|法|感|知|
Looking back on the process of studying with you, I will never forget the help you supplied to me.
回顾和你一起学习的过程，我永远不会忘记你提供给我的帮助。
New factories are situated in areas where supplies of power are available.
新工厂都选址于电力供应能保障的地区。
(1)be in short supply　　 供不应求
a supply of/supplies of ... 一批；一定量的/大量的
(2)supply sb.with sth.＝supply sth.to sb. 向某人提供某物
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①Fresh vegetables are ____________ short supply in winter in some areas.
②The explosive mixture in a rocket consists of both a fuel and a supply ____________ oxygen.
(2)一句多译
此外，学校还为学生们提供参观博物馆的机会，这是了解我们历史的好方法。
③In addition, the school __________________________ to visit museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
④In addition, the school __________________________ to visit museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
4．Luckily, many people came to help, donating food and clothes to charities.
幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。
★donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)
|用|法|感|知|
To assist the students in learning Chinese better, our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
为了帮助学生更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定给你们的中文班捐赠一些书。
Many charities donate money to the remote areas to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities.
许多慈善机构给偏远地区捐款购买计算机设备和互联网设施。
You can of course help by giving them a donation directly.
你当然可以通过直接向他们捐款来帮助他们。
[归纳点拨]
(1)donate ...to sb.　　　　 把……捐赠给某人
donate ...to do sth. 捐赠……做某事
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献
make a donation to 向……捐赠
(3)donated adj. 捐赠的
(4)donor n. 捐献者；捐赠者
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Volunteers came with loads of ____________ (donate) clothing and toys.
②The headmaster appeals to us students to make a ____________ (donate) to the poor boy.
③Many people ______________________ the injured boy.
许多人献血来救助那个受伤的男孩。
④The local people lined up to ______________ the earthquake－hit area.
当地民众排队给地震灾区捐款。
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
语法专题突破
学案中理清 　
一、(一)[对点练]　①the only one to hear the news
②the youngest student to win the prize　③plans to go there
④a strange way to make
(二)[对点练]　①to discover　②to journey　③to pay
二、[对点练]　①to tell　②to receive　③to see
应用中融通 　
①to grow　②to produce　③to be shipped　④to store
⑤to grow　⑥to live　⑦to forget
新知深化学习
1．①shocked　②shocking　③in　④电击
2．①powerful　②to change　③beyond　④has been in power　⑤came into/to power
3．★①into　②up　③out　④food supplies running out
★①in　②of　③supplies a chance to students
④supplies students with a chance
4．①donated　②donation　③donated blood to rescue
④donate money to
7 / 7(共73张PPT)
Grammar and usage
Section Ⅲ
(语法项目——动词不定式作定语和结果状语)
语法专题突破
新知深化学习
课时检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
01
语法专题突破
语境中体悟
Are you looking for a sports watch to help you keep track of your fitness and chart your training progress？① Whether you're a professional athlete or keen sportsperson, DX Sports Watch is the ideal choice for you.It has a digital display to record your steps, speed and distance②， as well as monitoring your heart rate and calories burnt.It also has a voice control setting to enable you to stay hands－free, while its waterproof band is so soft as to be comfortable to wear.③DX Sports Watch is only available online, so go to our website and place your order today!
[语法入门]
句①中不定式短语作定语。
句②中不定式短语作定语。
句③中第一个不定式短语作定语，第二个不定式短语作结果状语。
学案中理清
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保留动词的某些特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语和状语。本单元重点讲解动词不定式作定语和结果状语的用法。
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，表示尚未发生的动作，与名词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。
(一)动词不定式作定语的用法
1．当中心词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
2．有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语，而这些动词的同源名词后常跟不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有wish、 decision、 determination、 refusal、 arrangement、 intention、 agreement、 hope、 need、 plan、 promise、 failure、 attempt、 offer等。
3．动词不定式常常放在某些抽象名词，如plan、way、 chance、 place、 desire、 effort、 ability、 time、 opportunity、 reason、 potential、 freedom等或不定代词后面作定语。
[对点练]　(完成句子)
①Believe it or not, I am __________________________.
信不信由你，我是唯一听到这个消息的人。
②Alan was ________________________________.
艾伦是获奖的学生中最小的。
③He said he had no ________________.
他说他没有去那里的计划。
④He has ____________________ his classes lively and interesting.
他有一种奇怪的方法，能使他的课生动有趣。
the only one to hear the news
the youngest student to win the prize
plans to go there
a strange way to make
(二)动词不定式作定语时与所修饰词之间的逻辑关系
1．动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，通常与该名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
2．当动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果该不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后需要加上适当的介词。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance __________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine － the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
to discover
②A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step _________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
③The only way ________ (pay) for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol (医用酒精) and a bar of soup.
to journey
to pay
二、动词不定式作结果状语
1．动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些特定的结构中：
too ...to do ...　　　 太……而不能做……
so/such ...as to do ... 如此……以至于做……
enough ...to do ... 足够……以至于做……
2．动词不定式作结果状语时往往含有“令人意想不到”的意思，其中“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动词不定式之前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语气。
|名师点津| 　现在分词短语作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果，即句子谓语和结果状语之间有直接的因果关系。
Jack has made great progress, making his parents very happy.
杰克取得了很大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。
[对点练] 　(单句语法填空)
①It is too early ________ (tell) if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.
②If you're lucky enough _________ (receive) gifts, keep them in a safe place.
③Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only ________ (see) it move suddenly away from me.
to tell
to receive
to see
应用中融通
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is more fortunate ①________ (grow) than anywhere else.With its high altitudes, long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang is the only place ②__________ (produce) fruits with extremely high sugar content in China.Every fall, people can find that a large number of grapes are so convenient as ③___________ (ship) from Xinjiang to other parts of China, and the way ④_______ (store) the rest is to make them into raisins.
to grow
to produce
to be shipped
to store
In the vineyards of Moyu, the climate that results from being surrounded by the desert is hot and dry enough ⑤________ (grow) huge quantities of large and juicy grapes with very thin skins.These grapes give the locals a chance ⑥______ (live) a wealthy and sweet life.
In mid－September, when their seedless white grapes ripen, if you pick one and put it in your mouth, its taste will be too wonderful for you ⑦_________ (forget)．
to grow
to live
to forget
02
新知深化学习
1．As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock.
你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。
★shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动vt.使震惊
|用|法|感|知|
I got a shock when I heard the news.
听到这个消息时，我大吃一惊。
(“心理描写”佳句)He stood there in shock, unsure what to do next.
他吃惊地站在那里，不知道接下来做什么。
[归纳点拨]
(1)in shock　　　　　 震惊地，吃惊地
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的
be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/熟词生义)
①They were so ________ (shock) that they hadn't even thought to call for an ambulance yet.
②Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give away the __________ (shock) ending.
③I stared at him ____ shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat.
④Don't touch that wire or you'll get a shock. ______
shocked
in
电击
2．The strong wind and heavy rain didn't scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure.
强风暴雨没有吓到我，但是停电的时候我吓坏了。
★power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量
|用|法|感|知|
I seemed to have lost the power of speech.
我好像话都说不出来了。
A power failure plunged everything into darkness.
电源故障使一切陷入黑暗。
(主旨升华句)Sometimes, a small act of love and kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference.
有时候，一个小小的善举能够产生巨大的影响。
[归纳点拨]
(1)within one's power 在某人能力/权力范围之内
beyond/out of one's power 某人力所不能及/
超出某人的能力
be in power 执政(强调状态)
come into/to power 开始掌权/执政(强调动作)
have power to do sth. 有能力/权力做某事
(2)powerful adj. 有影响力的；强有力的
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①It is important to understand the _________ (power) economic and social forces at work behind our own actions.
②Great art has the power _________ (change) lives.
③I am sorry it's _________ my power to make a final decision on the project.
powerful
to change
beyond
(2)一句多译
他上台已经五年了。
④He __________________ for five years.
⑤It has been five years since he __________________.
has been in power
came into/to power
3．Were you afraid of running out of supplies
你是不是担心补给品用光了？
★run out of用完，耗尽
|用|法|感|知|
(“环境保护”主题佳句)Facing the problem that quite precious natural resources may be run out of/used up, on no account can we waste them again.
面对相当宝贵的自然资源可能枯竭的问题，我们决不能再浪费它们。
I ran across one of my old friends when I was walking in the street the other day.
前几天我在街上走的时候，碰到了一个老朋友。
I'd like to run for the vice president of the English club in our school.
我想竞选我校英语俱乐部的副会长。
[归纳点拨]
(1)run out　　 用完；用光(不及物动词短语；
主语通常是“物”)
give out 用尽；筋疲力尽(不及物动词短语)
use up 用完；消耗尽(及物动词短语；
主语通常是“人”)
(2)run for 竞选；匆匆去取
run across 偶然遇到
run into 撞上；遇到；邂逅
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句式升级)
①I nearly ran ____ a bus when it stopped suddenly in front of me.
②The earth's resources are being used ____ at an alarming rate.
③Even after hours of work, his energy never seems to give ____.
④Because food supplies are being run out of, the situation there is getting from bad to worse.
→With _________________________, the situation there is getting from bad to worse.
into
up
out
food supplies running out
★supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供
|用|法|感|知|
Looking back on the process of studying with you, I will never forget the help you supplied to me.
回顾和你一起学习的过程，我永远不会忘记你提供给我的帮助。
New factories are situated in areas where supplies of power are available.
新工厂都选址于电力供应能保障的地区。
[归纳点拨]
(1)be in short supply　　 供不应求
a supply of/supplies of ... 一批；一定量的/大量的
(2)supply sb.with sth.＝supply sth.to sb.
向某人提供某物
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①Fresh vegetables are ___ short supply in winter in some areas.
②The explosive mixture in a rocket consists of both a fuel and a supply ____ oxygen.
in
of
(2)一句多译
此外，学校还为学生们提供参观博物馆的机会，这是了解我们历史的好方法。
③In addition, the school ___________________________ to visit museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
④In addition, the school ____________________________to visit museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
supplies a chance to students
supplies students with a chance
4．Luckily, many people came to help, donating food and clothes to charities.
幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。
★donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)
|用|法|感|知|
To assist the students in learning Chinese better, our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
为了帮助学生更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定给你们的中文班捐赠一些书。
Many charities donate money to the remote areas to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities.
许多慈善机构给偏远地区捐款购买计算机设备和互联网设施。
You can of course help by giving them a donation directly.
你当然可以通过直接向他们捐款来帮助他们。
[归纳点拨]
(1)donate ...to sb.　　　　 把……捐赠给某人
donate ...to do sth. 捐赠……做某事
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献
make a donation to 向……捐赠
(3)donated adj. 捐赠的
(4)donor n. 捐献者；捐赠者
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Volunteers came with loads of _________ (donate) clothing and toys.
②The headmaster appeals to us students to make a _________ (donate) to the poor boy.
③Many people _______________________ the injured boy.
许多人献血来救助那个受伤的男孩。
donated
donation
donated blood to rescue
④The local people lined up to ______________ the earthquake－hit area.
当地民众排队给地震灾区捐款。
donate money to
03
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
What is the greatest threat to mankind Maybe different people come up with different answers.However, there is no denying the fact that the only threat to humankind, apart from humankind itself, is, without any doubt, the nature.Natural disasters are the result of natural environmental processes that have a damaging effect on people.Natural disasters can come in many forms: such as geological events like earthquakes, tsunamis or mud－rock flows, climatic events like storms, hurricanes or tornadoes and fire events like forest fires and wildfires.
The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict exactly when they will happen.Although great progress has been made in designing and developing forecasting models for some natural disasters, complete certainty is still impossible.Even to be pessimistic, there is a possibility that human beings will never achieve accurate prediction of the happening of all natural disasters.
What's more, even though we were able to predict these disasters from nature, preventing them is equally impossible.So we only have two ways to both prevent injuries or deaths and reduce economic losses to the least.These two methods are to prepare before a natural disaster comes to hit, and to manage the necessary resources and public services after a natural disaster strikes.
These two things have always been at the leading position of the projects of both national governments and international organizations.In the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for the “preparedness, response and recovery planning” of both man－made and natural disasters.
Most natural disasters cannot be prevented, and both emergency preparation and good disaster management are the best ways to deal with them.Although natural events may appear to serve no purpose but simply to punish and destroy, natural disasters, a perfect symbol of the great power of the nature, are display of our planet's evolution and its state of change.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然灾害是人类最大的威胁，人类面对自然灾害最佳的处理办法就是做好应急准备和良好的灾害管理。
1．Which can't be regarded as a similarity between tornadoes and earthquakes
A．They cannot be prevented.
B．They are both geological events.
C．They cause damage to people.
D．They are both the result of natural environmental processes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Natural disasters can come in many forms: such as geological events like earthquakes ...climatic events like storms, hurricanes or tornadoes ...”可知，龙卷风和地震属于不同的自然灾害类型。
√
2．The reason why natural disasters cause so much damage is that _________ .
A．it is very difficult to predict when exactly they will happen
B．our forecasting equipment is too old for many natural disasters
C．we don't do enough preparation before natural disasters strike
D．we don't have the necessary public services to use after natural disasters strike
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict exactly when they will happen.”可知，自然灾害造成如此大的破坏的原因是我们很难准确预测它们何时会发生。
3．It may be concluded from the passage that _______.
A．natural disasters cannot be predicted at all
B．human beings are pessimistic about the future
C．being well－prepared can avoid economic losses
D．good preparation and disaster management are advisable
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，人类面临自然灾害时做好准备和灾害管理是可取的。
√
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．A Symbol of the Power of Nature
B．The Greatest Threat to Mankind
C．Natural Disasters and Mankind
D．Reduce Losses to the Least
解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段主要讲述了人类面临的自然灾害的种类；第二段主要讲述了自然灾害造成如此大的破坏的原因；第三至五段主要讲述了人类应对这些灾害的两种最佳办法。故C项“自然灾害和人类”适合作为文章的标题。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
I grew up both a little frightened and excited by storms and tornadoes.Nearly 9 years ago, when the news reported that there would be __5__ coming that night, I was well aware of the __6__ of it.
While I was preparing for the storm, I heard the rumble (隆隆声), saw power flashes and knew it was coming.After __7__ the power for safety, I jumped into a bath that was right inside the door and closed the door and laid down and __8__ my head and prayed for __9__ and for my family.
My __10__ was racing with a million thoughts, regrets, prayers, etc., but I still heard the storm __11__ my house, then the sheetrock (石膏板) overhead __12__ and it sounded like my roof lifted and came back down.I heard the __13__ of nails being pulled out of wall, glass breaking, and then the most __14__ sound I had ever heard.
I suddenly felt something __15__ my head and everything went __16__. When I opened my eyes again, I __17__ blood on my wet head coming from a small __18__. I went out to check my car.I got blinded by a light as I exited the carport (车棚)．It was my neighborhood, coming to check on me.I stood there and tears poured down my face.Fortunately, we were __19__ that day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者亲身经历了一次台风，最终平安度过台风期的故事。
5．A.storms　　　　　　 B．thunder
C．clouds D．lightning
解析：根据后文“While I was preparing for the storm, I heard the rumble, saw power flashes and knew it was coming.”可知，新闻报道的是暴风雨的到来。storm是原词复现。
√
6．A.phenomenon B．benefit
C．effort D．threat
解析：根据后文“I still heard the storm ________ my house, then the sheetrock overhead ________ and it sounded like my roof lifted and came back down”可知，暴风雨会带来很大的威胁。
√
7．A.turning up B．keeping from
C．turning off D．taking off
解析：根据后文的“the power for safety”可知，为了安全作者关闭了电源。
√
8．A.shook B．covered
C．raised D．stretched
解析：作者躺在浴缸里为了躲避暴风雨，因此他应是捂着头。
√
9．A.healing B．safety
C．happiness D．forgiveness
解析：根据前文“for safety”可知，作者做这一切都是为了安全考虑，因此他在为了安全祈祷。
√
10．A.face B．body
C．mouth D．mind
解析：根据后文“a million thoughts, regrets, prayers, etc.”推断，作者脑子里会有无数的想法、后悔、祈祷等等。
√
11．A.constructing B．entering
C．destroying D．cleaning
解析：根据后文“then the sheetrock overhead ________ and it sounded like my roof lifted and came back down”可推断，作者听到暴风雨摧毁了他的房子。
√
12．A.fell down B．broke up
C．put up D．turned down
解析：根据后文“it sounded like my roof lifted and came back down”可知，作者听到头顶上的石膏板掉下来了。
√
13．A.sound B．song
C．news D．alarm
解析：根据前文的“heard”和后文的“nails being pulled out of wall, glass breaking”可知，作者听到了钉子从墙上被拔出来的声音及玻璃破碎的声音。
√
14．A.harmful B．passive
C．frightening D．helpless
解析：根据前文“I heard the ________ of nails being pulled out of wall, glass breaking”可知，作者听到了令他感到害怕的声音。
√
15．A.touched B．hit
C．affected D．grabbed
解析：根据后文“When I opened my eyes again, I _______ blood on my wet head coming from a small _______.”可推断，有东西撞到了作者的头。
√
16．A.peaceful B．noisy
C．depressing D．exciting
解析：根据后文“When I opened my eyes again”可知，作者的头被撞到，失去了知觉，觉得周围很安静。
√
17．A.kept B．felt
C．received D．collected
解析：根据后文“coming from a small ________”可知，作者发现他的头上有个小伤口，推断出他感觉到流血。
√
18．A.bar B．cut
C．room D．spot
解析：根据前文“blood”可知，作者发现自己头上流血了，推断出他的头上有伤口。
√
19．A.satisfied B．unconcerned
C．blessed D．unfortunate
解析：根据前文“Fortunately”可知，作者觉得那天他们很幸运。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)( )
Living beside an active volcano (火山) means that small earthquakes are not unusual.Everybody here __20__ (know) what they feel like, and they come __21__ no surprise to the local people.For me, they're a little different, though.
What do you do when there's an earthquake？Most people would try to leave the building.I live on __22__ third floor of a flat with several more stores above me — nobody wants __23__ (trap) under that after an earthquake.I guess, if an earthquake came, I would probably just panic rather than think about what I need to do, such as hiding somewhere or __24__ (run) out of the building.
I had never felt an earthquake until last week.There was a small earthquake __25__ could hardly even be called an earthquake.I was not really __26__ (frighten)．To feel the earth move like that was just strange.Of course, it __27__ (last) only a few seconds.I have spoken to the local people since the event and __28__ (luck), there were no injuries or damage __29__ (do) by it.But if it had been a real earthquake, I think I would have felt quite differently.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对于某些特定地区的人们来说，小级别的地震时常发生，作者记录下自己所经历的一次地震时的感受。
20．knows　考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；本句主语是Everybody，不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填knows。
21．as　考查介词。come as no surprise意为“来得不稀奇，发生在意料之中”，为固定搭配。
22．the　考查冠词。序数词前应用定冠词限定，故填the。
23．to be trapped　考查非谓语动词。want后应接带to的不定式作宾语，因trap与nobody之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填to be trapped。
24．running　考查非谓语动词。空处与hiding somewhere并列作such as的宾语，故填running。
25．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，该定语从句修饰先行词earthquake，且空处在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
26．frightened　考查形容词。空处作表语，表示“受惊吓的”，故填frightened。
27．lasted　考查时态。由语境可知，此处描述的是发生在上周的事情，应用一般过去时，故填lasted。
28．luckily　考查副词。空处作状语修饰分句there were no injuries ...by it，故填luckily。
29．done　考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰injuries or damage，因do与injuries or damage之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填done。UNIT 2　课时检测(三)　Grammar and usage
(标语篇配有教师讲评课件。选择题在答题区内作答，主观题在题后作答)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
What is the greatest threat to mankind Maybe different people come up with different answers.However, there is no denying the fact that the only threat to humankind, apart from humankind itself, is, without any doubt, the nature.Natural disasters are the result of natural environmental processes that have a damaging effect on people.Natural disasters can come in many forms: such as geological events like earthquakes, tsunamis or mud－rock flows, climatic events like storms, hurricanes or tornadoes and fire events like forest fires and wildfires.
The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict exactly when they will happen.Although great progress has been made in designing and developing forecasting models for some natural disasters, complete certainty is still impossible.Even to be pessimistic, there is a possibility that human beings will never achieve accurate prediction of the happening of all natural disasters.
What's more, even though we were able to predict these disasters from nature, preventing them is equally impossible.So we only have two ways to both prevent injuries or deaths and reduce economic losses to the least.These two methods are to prepare before a natural disaster comes to hit, and to manage the necessary resources and public services after a natural disaster strikes.
These two things have always been at the leading position of the projects of both national governments and international organizations.In the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for the “preparedness, response and recovery planning” of both man－made and natural disasters.
Most natural disasters cannot be prevented, and both emergency preparation and good disaster management are the best ways to deal with them.Although natural events may appear to serve no purpose but simply to punish and destroy, natural disasters, a perfect symbol of the great power of the nature, are display of our planet's evolution and its state of change.
1．Which can't be regarded as a similarity between tornadoes and earthquakes
A．They cannot be prevented.
B．They are both geological events.
C．They cause damage to people.
D．They are both the result of natural environmental processes.
2．The reason why natural disasters cause so much damage is that ________.
A．it is very difficult to predict when exactly they will happen
B．our forecasting equipment is too old for many natural disasters
C．we don't do enough preparation before natural disasters strike
D．we don't have the necessary public services to use after natural disasters strike
3．It may be concluded from the passage that ________.
A．natural disasters cannot be predicted at all
B．human beings are pessimistic about the future
C．being well－prepared can avoid economic losses
D．good preparation and disaster management are advisable
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．A Symbol of the Power of Nature
B．The Greatest Threat to Mankind
C．Natural Disasters and Mankind
D．Reduce Losses to the Least
Ⅱ.完形填空
I grew up both a little frightened and excited by storms and tornadoes.Nearly 9 years ago, when the news reported that there would be __5__ coming that night, I was well aware of the __6__ of it.
While I was preparing for the storm, I heard the rumble (隆隆声), saw power flashes and knew it was coming.After __7__ the power for safety, I jumped into a bath that was right inside the door and closed the door and laid down and __8__ my head and prayed for __9__ and for my family.
My __10__ was racing with a million thoughts, regrets, prayers, etc., but I still heard the storm __11__ my house, then the sheetrock (石膏板) overhead __12__ and it sounded like my roof lifted and came back down.I heard the __13__ of nails being pulled out of wall, glass breaking, and then the most __14__ sound I had ever heard.
I suddenly felt something __15__ my head and everything went __16__.When I opened my eyes again, I __17__ blood on my wet head coming from a small__18__.I went out to check my car.I got blinded by a light as I exited the carport (车棚)．It was my neighborhood, coming to check on me.I stood there and tears poured down my face.Fortunately, we were__19__ that day.
5．A.storms　　　　　　 B．thunder
C．clouds D．lightning
6．A.phenomenon B．benefit
C．effort D．threat
7．A.turning up B．keeping from
C．turning off D．taking off
8．A.shook B．covered
C．raised D．stretched
9．A.healing B．safety
C．happiness D．forgiveness
10．A.face B．body
C．mouth D．mind
11．A.constructing B．entering
C．destroying D．cleaning
12．A.fell down B．broke up
C．put up D．turned down
13．A.sound B．song
C．news D．alarm
14．A.harmful B．passive
C．frightening D．helpless
15．A.touched B．hit
C．affected D．grabbed
16．A.peaceful B．noisy
C．depressing D．exciting
17．A.kept B．felt
C．received D．collected
18．A.bar B．cut
C．room D．spot
19．A.satisfied B．unconcerned
C．blessed D．unfortunate
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)()
Living beside an active volcano (火山) means that small earthquakes are not unusual.Everybody here 20.____________ (know) what they feel like, and they come 21.____________ no surprise to the local people.For me, they're a little different, though.
What do you do when there's an earthquake？Most people would try to leave the building.I live on 22.____________ third floor of a flat with several more stores above me — nobody wants 23.____________ (trap) under that after an earthquake.I guess, if an earthquake came, I would probably just panic rather than think about what I need to do, such as hiding somewhere or 24.____________ (run) out of the building.
I had never felt an earthquake until last week.There was a small earthquake 25.____________ could hardly even be called an earthquake.I was not really 26.____________ (frighten)．To feel the earth move like that was just strange.Of course, it 27.____________ (last) only a few seconds.I have spoken to the local people since the event and 28.____________ (luck), there were no injuries or damage 29.__________ (do) by it.But if it had been a real earthquake, I think I would have felt quite differently.
UNIT 2　课时检测(四)　Integrated skills
(标题目配有教师讲评课件。各题目均在题后作答，建议教师批阅)
Ⅰ.微语境写作(共6空，12分)
1．Recent years have seen a big increase in __________________ (自然灾害), such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, which ________________ (是对……很大的威胁) people's lives.
2．We ________________ (正在寻找) a shelter from the heavy rain when ________________________ (地震发生了)．
3．The disaster destroyed power facilities, cutting power supplies ________________ (在许多地区)．________________ (结果), huge economic loss was caused.Many people could not work and live normally.
Ⅱ.靓表达升级(8分)
1．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, and left badly damaged buildings.(用现在分词短语作状语升级)
→________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2．Sometimes a smile is powerful and it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.(用so ...that升级)
→________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3．When volcanoes erupt, people feel panicked because volcanoes have potential to burn everything to the ground in their path.(用独立主格结构升级)
→________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4．We all know that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe.(用it作形式主语升级)
→________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.应用文写作(15分)()
假定你是李华，是一所国际学校广播站的英语播音员。为增强大家的防震意识，你校将举办一次地震演习。请你根据所提供的信息，用英语写一篇广播稿。
地震演习
时间 下周二上午10：00－11：00
参加人员 全体学生
要求 ①先召开班会，对学生进行指导；②各班学生记住自己的疏散路线，听到信号后立即开始疏散；③所有学生在操场集合；④各班抽出2名学生作为志愿者维持秩序
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：演习drill; 信号 signal; 集合 gather
Dear boys and girls，
Attention, please!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That's all.Thank you.
(可拍照上传典型习作，师生共评优劣)
Ⅳ.读后续写(25分)()
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It began as a typical January day.The grey skies were heavy with snow and wind in front of Valleyview School.I was in my first year of teaching and had no idea that this approaching snowstorm would be so severe.
By mid－day the principal called the school buses back so the three hundred kids could get home safely before it was too late.My students gathered their belongings, excited to go home early.The buses arrived but the storm suddenly worsened before the waiting kids could board and it was quickly clear no one was going anywhere soon.By now the bus drivers and a couple of snowplow (铲雪车) operators were discussing the situation.There were over three hundred children, staff, bus and snowplow drivers stuck inside the school.
Night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping.We were facing some basic questions.What would we feed several hundred children for dinner Where would they sleep
Earl, our school gatekeeper, began working non－stop to keep the heater running.Concerned about the old pipes freezing, he wrapped them with whatever material he could find.With our electricity lines swaying under the increasing weight of ice and snow in heavy winds, what would we do if we lost power A plan was definitely needed.
Every parent was called to reassure them that their children were safe, and then people who lived close enough to brave the storm were called and asked if they could help.Soon, a handful of people had managed to travel through the heavy and blinding snow bringing bags of sandwiches, tinned juices, blankets and a couple of board games.One woman, who lived right on the edge of the school, wrapped herself up and felt through the blinding snow with a huge kettle and enough ingredients to make tomato soup for at least half of the school.There wasn't a lot of food, but everything was shared, no one went hungry, and no one complained.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids._______
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow._________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
UNIT 2　课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然灾害是人类最大的威胁，人类面对自然灾害最佳的处理办法就是做好应急准备和良好的灾害管理。
1．选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Natural disasters can come in many forms: such as geological events like earthquakes ...climatic events like storms, hurricanes or tornadoes ...”可知，龙卷风和地震属于不同的自然灾害类型。
2．选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict exactly when they will happen.”可知，自然灾害造成如此大的破坏的原因是我们很难准确预测它们何时会发生。
3．选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，人类面临自然灾害时做好准备和灾害管理是可取的。
4．选C　标题归纳题。文章第一段主要讲述了人类面临的自然灾害的种类；第二段主要讲述了自然灾害造成如此大的破坏的原因；第三至五段主要讲述了人类应对这些灾害的两种最佳办法。故C项“自然灾害和人类”适合作为文章的标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者亲身经历了一次台风，最终平安度过台风期的故事。
5．选A　根据后文“While I was preparing for the storm, I heard the rumble, saw power flashes and knew it was coming.”可知，新闻报道的是暴风雨的到来。storm是原词复现。
6．选D　根据后文“I still heard the storm ________ my house, then the sheetrock overhead ________ and it sounded like my roof lifted and came back down”可知，暴风雨会带来很大的威胁。
7．选C　根据后文的“the power for safety”可知，为了安全作者关闭了电源。
8．选B　作者躺在浴缸里为了躲避暴风雨，因此他应是捂着头。
9．选B　根据前文“for safety”可知，作者做这一切都是为了安全考虑，因此他在为了安全祈祷。
10．选D　根据后文“a million thoughts, regrets, prayers, etc.”推断，作者脑子里会有无数的想法、后悔、祈祷等等。
11．选C　根据后文“then the sheetrock overhead ________ and it sounded like my roof lifted and came back down”可推断，作者听到暴风雨摧毁了他的房子。
12．选A　根据后文“it sounded like my roof lifted and came back down”可知，作者听到头顶上的石膏板掉下来了。
13．选A　根据前文的“heard”和后文的“nails being pulled out of wall, glass breaking”可知，作者听到了钉子从墙上被拔出来的声音及玻璃破碎的声音。
14．选C　根据前文“I heard the ________ of nails being pulled out of wall, glass breaking”可知，作者听到了令他感到害怕的声音。
15．选B　根据后文“When I opened my eyes again, I ________ blood on my wet head coming from a small________.”可推断，有东西撞到了作者的头。
16．选A　根据后文“When I opened my eyes again”可知，作者的头被撞到，失去了知觉，觉得周围很安静。
17．选B　根据后文“coming from a small ________”可知，作者发现他的头上有个小伤口，推断出他感觉到流血。
18．选B　根据前文“blood”可知，作者发现自己头上流血了，推断出他的头上有伤口。
19．选C　根据前文“Fortunately”可知，作者觉得那天他们很幸运。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对于某些特定地区的人们来说，小级别的地震时常发生，作者记录下自己所经历的一次地震时的感受。
20．knows　考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；本句主语是Everybody，不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填knows。
21．as　考查介词。come as no surprise意为“来得不稀奇，发生在意料之中”，为固定搭配。
22．the　考查冠词。序数词前应用定冠词限定，故填the。
23．to be trapped　考查非谓语动词。want后应接带to的不定式作宾语，因trap与nobody之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填to be trapped。
24．running　考查非谓语动词。空处与hiding somewhere并列作such as的宾语，故填running。
25．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，该定语从句修饰先行词earthquake，且空处在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
26．frightened　考查形容词。空处作表语，表示“受惊吓的”，故填frightened。
27．lasted　考查时态。由语境可知，此处描述的是发生在上周的事情，应用一般过去时，故填lasted。
28．luckily　考查副词。空处作状语修饰分句there were no injuries ...by it，故填luckily。
29．done　考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰injuries or damage，因do与injuries or damage之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填done。
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