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Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
(二)把握主旨大意
1．What's mainly described in this passage？(　 )
A．The power of natural disasters.
B．An old Roman city was unearthed.
C．People's reaction when faced with the disaster.
D．The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and destruction of Pompeii.
2．Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para.1)　A．The remains of Pompeii were unearthed.
Part 2 (Paras.2～4)　 B．What Pompeii was like before Mount Vesuvius erupted.
Part 3 (Para.5)　 C．What happened during the
eruption of Mount
Vesuvius.
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．Which statement is TRUE according to paragraph 1？(　 )
A．People can imagine the life of the whole Roman Empire from the life in Pompeii.
B．There were few trading ships in the port in Pompeii.
C．Mount Vesuvius hadn't erupted before.
D．Pompeii was not a typical Roman city.
2．What can we infer from the last sentence in paragraph 1？(　 )
A．People in Pompeii had known what would happen.
B．People in Pompeii didn't take notice of the danger to come.
C．People in Pompeii told a story of past eruptions.
D．People in Pompeii were very busy at that time.
3．How did people react when the disaster happened？(　 )
A．They were so nervous and panicked.
B．They were so calm that they left their home safely.
C．They were so helpless but they were rescued.
D．They hurried to a safe place.
4．Which of the following is the right order of the volcanic eruption？(　 )
a．The fire moved and changed in colour with every moment.
b．The mountain－cloud rolled near, dark and rapid, like a river.
c．A huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano, looking like a huge tree.
d．The earth began to shake and the sound of falling roofs could be heard.
e．The earthquake came.
A．a－c－b－e－d　　　 B．c－a－d－b－e
C．a－b－d－e－c D．b－a－e－c－d
[Tip]
利用首尾法解排序题
解答排序题时，先查看选项，如果每个选项的首尾事件都是不一样的，则可以利用首尾法快速确定答案，即先根据原文确定事件的开头和结尾，然后与选项的首尾事件进行印证，进而确定答案。此时需要注意，当确定最终答案后，一定要对照原文，对该选项的每一步进行验证，以免一时疏忽出现错误。
5．What happened to Pompeii seventeen centuries later？(　 )
A．It was buried deep and forgotten by people forever.
B．The colour faded on the rich pattern of its floors.
C．It was restored to its former glory.
D．It remained as it had been and could still remind people of its glorious past.
6．What is the author's tone when writing this text？(　 )
A．Indifferent. B．Upset.
C．Positive. D．Excited.
(二)阅读表达
1．What destroyed the city of Pompeii completely
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2．Do you think that we will be better able to protect ourselves from natural disasters in the future？Why or why not
Option 1：
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Option 2：
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文的语篇节选自小说《庞贝城的末日》。小说是一种文学体裁，它是通过人物、情节和环境来表现故事主题和情感的一种文学形式。阅读此类文学作品时应注意把握文章中提到的时间、地点，以此为依据来理清情节脉络。如本文以火山爆发前、中、后的时间顺序为线索展开叙述，描写了灾难前庞贝城的繁荣和灾难中的惨烈，以及今日人们面对庞贝城遗址时的感叹。同时，应重视文中的细节描写，通过这些细节来推测文章的深层含义。如本文中对灾难场面、人们心态的详细描写是为了展现自然灾害给人类带来的巨大伤害，让读者对自然产生敬畏之心，从而更加重视对环境的保护。
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．The awful night rolled slowly away, and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII!
赏析：本句话前半句中使用了动词短语roll away与 slowly搭配，生动形象地描绘出夜晚缓缓退去的场景，后半句中则用动词broke描述了庞贝城末日的开启，鲜明的对比，渲染出强烈的视觉效果。
2．It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire!
赏析：冒号后的“the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire”以省略形式呈现，简短的用词有力地描绘了火山的形态，营造了一种火山爆发时紧张、扣人心弦的氛围。
3．Each hurried blindly and fearfully on.
赏析：此处使用了副词blindly和fearfully来修饰动词hurried，生动形象地描述出当时人们的惊慌与恐惧。副词用来修饰动词能使动作描述更生动，尤其适用于读后续写的动作描写中。
[提能训练]
(1)翻译句子
①The seagull flew off, the waves rolled away and we should depart.
海鸥飞走了，____________________，而我们也该离开了。
(2)选词填空(blindly, eagerly, fearfully)
②The boy looked at his mother ____________， hoping she could buy the toy for him.
③He wanted to decide for himself instead of ____________ following others' advice.
④There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, ________________.
(二)赏句式之高　
1．Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port.
赏析：本句中的“bringing imports ...for the rich”使用了现在分词短语作定语修饰trading ships，描写出了庞贝城贸易往来的繁荣景象。现在分词(短语)作定语为高级表达方式，在写作中恰当使用可成为增分亮点。
2．Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.
赏析：本句中使用了as if 引导的状语从句的省略形式，采用虚拟语气描绘出庞贝城从其安静的长眠之地被挖掘出来后，仍保持着千年前的原貌。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)During the class, I painted a landscape ________________________________________________， with a family of ducks swimming in the lake.(feature；分词作定语)
上课时，我画了一幅风景画，画中有高耸的绿树和湛蓝的天空，还有一群鸭子在湖里游泳。
②He behaved ________________________________________________________.
他表现得好像什么事都没有发生。
(三)赏衔接之顺　
At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.A moment later, the mountain－cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river; at the same time, it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone!
赏析：本段中使用了多个表示时间顺序的词语：at that moment、 a moment later、 at the same time，自然顺畅地描写了火山爆发时的各种景象，行文连贯，节奏紧凑，营造出强烈的画面感。
[提能训练]　(完成下面语段)
________________， I realised that there was someone caring about me.Although I was tired, ________________， I felt very happy.
那时，我意识到有人在关心我。尽管很累，但同时，我感到非常快乐。
Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)①Roman　②golden pleasure　③the fishermen
④cloud－capped　⑤a huge tree　⑥ran away　⑦the earthquake　⑧was unearthed　⑨painted　⑩the workman's hand
(二)1.D　2.Parts 1～3　BCA
精读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)1～6　ABABDB
(二)1.The eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
2．Option 1：
Yes，I believe we will be better able to protect ourselves from natural disasters in the future.The development of science and technology will improve the ability to predict the arrival of natural disasters and help us be better organized and prepared for disasters.
Option 2：
No.No matter how advanced science and technology may be in the future, natural disasters will always challenge us because most of them are unpredictable.Human technical skill will never match the power of nature, so our ability to protect ourselves will always be limited and this means that we will always be victims of natural disasters in some way.
课文写法借鉴
(一)①浪涛滚滚而去　②eagerly　③blindly　④fearfully
(二)①featuring the towering green trees and the clear blue sky
②as if nothing had happened
(三)At that moment; at the same time
1 / 5(共62张PPT)
“Extended reading”
的课文习读环节
Section Ⅴ
课文阅读理解
课文写法借鉴
课时检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
01
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
Roman
golden pleasure
the fishermen
cloud-capped
a huge tree
ran away
the earthquake
was unearthed
painted
the workman’s hand
(二)把握主旨大意
1．What's mainly described in this passage
A．The power of natural disasters.
B．An old Roman city was unearthed.
C．People's reaction when faced with the disaster.
D．The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and destruction of Pompeii.
√
2．Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para.1)　 A．The remains of Pompeii were unearthed.
Part 2 (Paras.2～4)　B．What Pompeii was like before Mount Vesuvius erupted.
Part 3 (Para.5)　 C．What happened during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
答案：Parts 1～3　BCA
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．Which statement is TRUE according to paragraph 1
A．People can imagine the life of the whole Roman Empire from the life in Pompeii.
B．There were few trading ships in the port in Pompeii.
C．Mount Vesuvius hadn't erupted before.
D．Pompeii was not a typical Roman city.
√
2．What can we infer from the last sentence in paragraph 1
A．People in Pompeii had known what would happen.
B．People in Pompeii didn't take notice of the danger to come.
C．People in Pompeii told a story of past eruptions.
D．People in Pompeii were very busy at that time.
√
3．How did people react when the disaster happened
A．They were so nervous and panicked.
B．They were so calm that they left their home safely.
C．They were so helpless but they were rescued.
D．They hurried to a safe place.
√
4．Which of the following is the right order of the volcanic eruption
a．The fire moved and changed in colour with every moment.
b．The mountain－cloud rolled near, dark and rapid，like a river.
c．A huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano，looking like a huge tree.
d．The earth began to shake and the sound of falling roofs could be heard.
e．The earthquake came.
A．a－c－b－e－d B．c－a－d－b－e
C．a－b－d－e－c D．b－a－e－c－d
√
[Tip]
利用首尾法解排序题
解答排序题时，先查看选项，如果每个选项的首尾事件都是不一样的，则可以利用首尾法快速确定答案，即先根据原文确定事件的开头和结尾，然后与选项的首尾事件进行印证，进而确定答案。此时需要注意，当确定最终答案后，一定要对照原文，对该选项的每一步进行验证，以免一时疏忽出现错误。
5．What happened to Pompeii seventeen centuries later
A．It was buried deep and forgotten by people forever.
B．The colour faded on the rich pattern of its floors.
C．It was restored to its former glory.
D．It remained as it had been and could still remind people of its glorious past.
√
6．What is the author's tone when writing this text
A．Indifferent. B．Upset.
C．Positive. D．Excited.
√
(二)阅读表达
1．What destroyed the city of Pompeii completely
______________________________
2．Do you think that we will be better able to protect ourselves from natural disasters in the future？Why or why not
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
Option 1：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yes，I believe we will be better able to protect ourselves from natural disasters in the future.The development of science and technology will improve the ability to predict the arrival of natural disasters and help us be better organized and prepared for disasters.
Option 2：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
No.No matter how advanced science and technology may be in the future, natural disasters will always challenge us because most of them are unpredictable.Human technical skill will never match the power of nature, so our ability to protect ourselves will always be limited and this means that we will always be victims of natural disasters in some way.
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文的语篇节选自小说《庞贝城的末日》。小说是一种文学体裁，它是通过人物、情节和环境来表现故事主题和情感的一种文学形式。阅读此类文学作品时应注意把握文章中提到的时间、地点，以此为依据来理清情节脉络。如本文以火山爆发前、中、后的时间顺序为线索展开叙述，描写了灾难前庞贝城的繁荣和灾难中的惨烈，以及今日人们面对庞贝城遗址时的感叹。同时，应重视文中的细节描写，通过这些细节来推测文章的深层含义。如本文中对灾难场面、人们心态的详细描写是为了展现自然灾害给人类带来的巨大伤害，让读者对自然产生敬畏之心，从而更加重视对环境的保护。
02
课文写法借鉴
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．The awful night rolled slowly away, and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII!
赏析：本句话前半句中使用了动词短语roll away与 slowly搭配，生动形象地描绘出夜晚缓缓退去的场景，后半句中则用动词broke描述了庞贝城末日的开启，鲜明的对比，渲染出强烈的视觉效果。
2．It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire!
赏析：冒号后的“the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire”以省略形式呈现，简短的用词有力地描绘了火山的形态，营造了一种火山爆发时紧张、扣人心弦的氛围。
3．Each hurried blindly and fearfully on.
赏析：此处使用了副词blindly和fearfully来修饰动词hurried，生动形象地描述出当时人们的惊慌与恐惧。副词用来修饰动词能使动作描述更生动，尤其适用于读后续写的动作描写中。
[提能训练]
(1)翻译句子
①The seagull flew off, the waves rolled away and we should depart.
海鸥飞走了，______________，而我们也该离开了。
浪涛滚滚而去
(2)选词填空(blindly, eagerly, fearfully)
②The boy looked at his mother _______, hoping she could buy the toy for him.
③He wanted to decide for himself instead of ________ following others' advice.
④There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, ________.
eagerly
blindly
fearfully
(二)赏句式之高　
1．Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port.
赏析：本句中的“bringing imports ...for the rich”使用了现在分词短语作定语修饰trading ships，描写出了庞贝城贸易往来的繁荣景象。现在分词(短语)作定语为高级表达方式，在写作中恰当使用可成为增分亮点。
2．Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.
赏析：本句中使用了as if 引导的状语从句的省略形式，采用虚拟语气描绘出庞贝城从其安静的长眠之地被挖掘出来后，仍保持着千年前的原貌。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)During the class, I painted a landscape ______________________________________________________, with a family of ducks swimming in the lake.(feature；分词作定语)
上课时，我画了一幅风景画，画中有高耸的绿树和湛蓝的天空，还有一群鸭子在湖里游泳。
②He behaved _________________________.
他表现得好像什么事都没有发生。
as if nothing had happened
featuring the towering green trees and the clear blue sky
(三)赏衔接之顺　
At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.A moment later, the mountain－cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river; at the same time, it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone!
赏析：本段中使用了多个表示时间顺序的词语：at that moment、 a moment later、 at the same time，自然顺畅地描写了火山爆发时的各种景象，行文连贯，节奏紧凑，营造出强烈的画面感。
[提能训练]　(完成下面语段)
______________, I realised that there was someone caring about me.Although I was tired, ________________, I felt very happy.
那时，我意识到有人在关心我。尽管很累，但同时，我感到非常快乐。
At that moment
at the same time
03
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It was October 2005, and the catastrophic earthquake killing some 79,000 people in Pakistan had reduced the valley to mud and ruins.
Yasmeen Lari, a 65－year－old architect, was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements, but she had never done disaster work before.Lari was known for designing smooth towers of glass and concrete.But here, she'd be drawing plans for earthquake－resistant homes using stone and timber debris (木材碎片)．With each passing day, she felt deeply right to do disaster－relief work.So she made it her new mission, spending the next four months working with volunteer architects and engineers from Pakistan and abroad.
Inspired by local buildings made with sustainable materials such as timber debris, bamboo and mud, Lari's shelters can better withstand disasters.Lari says this local, cost－effective and zero－carbon approach is creating an ecosystem.Anyone can learn by watching DIY videos on Lari's Zero Carbon Channel on the Internet.
The design won a UN World Habitat Prize in 2018.“We need to believe in people's capacity to bring about change.I treat displaced people as partners, not victims.They know what to do，” says Lari.
Over the decades, Yasmeen Lari has won many awards as architect and environmentalist.While it may seem like an unlikely path for a girl who was born into a well－to－do family in 1941, she had an unconventional upbringing.At home, her father would talk about the desperate need for housing.Listening to her father talk about the housing crisis and need for architects made an impression on Lari.On a family visit to London when she was 15, she applied to architecture school at Oxford Brookes University.She laughs as she recalls her bravery.
At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still full of ideas about zero－carbon designs, skills building and self－sustaining villages.“Architects can no longer work for just the one percent，” she says.“That doesn't allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了巴基斯坦建筑师Yasmeen Lari努力改进村庄的房屋设计，以更好地抵御自然灾害。
1．What can we learn about Lari from the first two paragraphs
A．She felt considerably proud to do disaster－relief work.
B．She started a brand－new volunteer working experience.
C．She was good at designing earthquake－resistant houses.
D．She reconstructed the settlements with glass and concrete.
解析：推理判断题。根据前两段内容可知，在巴基斯坦发生了灾难性的地震之后，Lari开始把设计抗震房屋作为自己的新任务，并在接下来的四个月里，与来自巴基斯坦和国外的志愿者建筑师和工程师一起工作。由此可知，Lari开始了一段全新的志愿者工作经历。
√
2．How did Lari make her design practical and environmental
A．By creating an ecosystem.
B．By strengthening local buildings.
C．By using local sustainable materials.
D．By watching DIY videos on the Internet.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inspired by local buildings made with sustainable materials such as timber debris, bamboo and mud, Lari's shelters can better withstand disasters.”可知，Lari设计的房屋就地取材，低成本、零碳、环保，即这些材料是可持续的材料。
√
3．Why did Lari decide to apply to architecture school
A．Her interest in architecture drove her.
B．Her father encouraged her to path unusual.
C．Her father talked about the demand for architects.
D．Her rich family allowed her to pursue the most of dream.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Listening to her father talk about the housing crisis and need for architects made an impression on Lari.”可知，Lari申请建筑学院是因为听父亲谈论住房危机和对建筑师的需求给其留下了深刻的印象。
√
4．Which of the following best describes Yasmeen Lari
A．Sensitive and brave.
B．Determined and cooperative.
C．Honest and generous.
D．Sympathetic and eco－responsible.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still full of ideas about zero－carbon designs, skills building and self－sustaining villages.”以及“That doesn't allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.”可知，Yasmeen Lari富有同情心和环保意识。
√
B
Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been, Peter Ruprecht admitted that he was not sure how or when to rebuild.He was still shocked by what Australia's increasingly changeable climate had already delivered: first a drought, then a destructive bush fire, then a foot of rain from a storm.
“It's unstoppable，” said Mr Ruprecht, a former dairy farmer.“We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature, but nature can also be vicious and wild and unforgiving.”
Australia's hellish (地狱的) fire season has eased (缓和), but its people are facing more than a single disaster.With floods destroying homes not far from where fires recently spread, they are facing a cycle of what scientists call “compound extremes”： one climate disaster strengthening the next.
Warmer temperatures do more than just dry out the land.They also heat up the atmosphere, which means clouds hold more moisture (水汽) for longer periods of time.So droughts get worse, giving way to fires, then to heavy rains that the land is too dry to absorb.
Many Australians in disaster zones complain that their government, after ignoring climate change for years, has not yet to draw up recovery plans that are clear and that take future threats into account.
At the same time, the economic costs of a changing climate are rising quickly.Philip Lowe, the governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, warned recently that Australia was already paying a price, and that it would only go up.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚一系列极端气候灾难，包括它们的成因、危害及造成的经济损失等。
5．Why Peter Ruprecht is mentioned in the beginning
A．To arouse readers' pity.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To stress the problem.
D．To call on readers to help.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，提及Peter Ruprecht是为了引出话题：澳大利亚的气候灾难。
√
6．Which word can replace the underlined word “vicious” in paragraph 2
A．Grateful.　　　　　 B．Advanced.
C．Responsible. D．Forcible.
解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句表示“我们谈论的是大自然的温暖，但大自然也可能是vicious、野蛮和无情的”。由句中的“warmth”及转折连词“but”、并列连词“and”及“wild”可知，画线词vicious意为“残酷的，野蛮的”，故D项与画线词意思相近。
√
7．What is the main cause of “compound extremes” in Australia
A．No recovery plans. B．Warmer temperatures.
C．The lack of money. D．Government inaction.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，是温度升高导致了复合极端情况。
√
8．Where is the text probably from
A．A guidebook. B．A travel journal.
C．A news report. D．A book review.
解析：文章出处题。全文描述了澳大利亚的极端气候灾难，包括它们的成因、危害以及造成的经济损失等，属于实时报道。因此，该文章应出自一篇新闻报道。
√
C
Hurricanes could be lasting longer after they make landfall，and spreading their damage farther inland, a new study suggests, which is a previously undescribed effect of climate change.
The study, published in the journal Nature, analyzed hurricanes that have struck North America from 1967 to 2018.It found that hurricanes making landfall in the 1960s lost 75 percent of their power in the first day after coming ashore, while today a hurricane that strikes land typically decays by about 50 percent in the first day.
The study's authors claimed rising ocean temperature is the driving force behind the formation of longer－lived hurricanes.They ran four models that simulate (模拟) a hurricane moving over land.In each, they adjusted the temperature of the ocean water underneath the storm.The higher the sea surface temperature was, the researchers found, the more moisture a storm carried over land and the longer it lasted.They said if a hurricane is like an engine, the warm ocean water beneath it is like fuel.When ocean water is particularly warm, as it is in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, it can increase pressure on hurricanes. If human－caused climate warming continues, they added,
James Kossin, a climate scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said, “They make a convincing case that the long－lasting hurricane is related to higher ocean temperature, and this can in turn be linked to climate change.”
the destructive power of hurricanes — some with 100－plus－mile－per－hour winds and heavy rainfall — could extend farther inland and especially affect ill－equipped communities.
“I would probably support the opinion that this phenomenon is possibly happening，” said Dan Chavas, an atmospheric scientist at Purdue University and one of the study's reviewers.“I think the effect is very real, but the question is how strong the effect is.We still have a long way to go.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者通过分析数据和做实验来进行研究，进而向人们介绍了一项关于飓风的新研究。
9．What does the underlined word “decays” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Spreads. B．Hits.
C．Rises. D．Weakens.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子中的连词“while”及上文“lost 75 percent of their power in the first day”和“decays by about 50 percent in the first day”可知，句中将飓风过去和现在登陆后强度的衰减进行了对比，由此推知画线词decays与上文lost同义，表示“失去，衰落，减弱”。
√
10．How did the researchers mainly conduct the study
A．By analyzing data and doing experiments.
B．By observing hurricanes and making records.
C．By simulating hurricanes and having discussions.
D．By giving explanations and making comparisons.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容以及第三段的“They ran four models that simulate a hurricane moving over land.”可知，研究者主要是通过分析数据和做实验来进行研究的。
√
11．What do Dan Chavas's words indicate
A．Measures should be taken to predict hurricanes.
B．Climate change leads to higher ocean temperature.
C．More research is needed to study this phenomenon.
D．The effect of hurricanes is weakened in inland areas.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I think the effect is very real，but the question is how strong the effect is.We still have a long way to go.”可知，他的话表明了还需要做更多的研究工作来研究这一现象。
√
12．What's the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To inform readers of a new study.
B．To prepare people for powerful hurricanes.
C．To call for global action on climate change.
D．To warn readers of the danger of global warming.
解析：写作意图题。根据第一段的“Hurricanes could be lasting longer after they make landfall, and spreading their damage farther inland, a new study suggests”以及第二段的“The study, published in the journal Nature, analyzed hurricanes that have struck North America from 1967 to 2018.”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五( )
Would you know what to do if a fire started in your home Take the time now to review the following safety tips, and your family will be prepared in time of a fire in your home.
__13__
An escape plan can help every member of a family get out of a burning house.The idea is to get outside quickly and safely. __14__ So it is important to learn and remember the different ways out of your home.
Stay low.
If you can see smoke in the house, stay low to the ground as you make your way to the exit. __15__ You will breathe less smoke if you stay to the ground.Smoke naturally rises, so if there is smoke while you are using your escape route, staying low means you can crawl (爬) under most of it.
What if you can't get out right away
If you can't get out fast because fire or smoke is stopping an escape route, you will want to yell for help.You can do this from an open window or call 911 if you have a phone with you. __16__ Or, firefighters will have a hard time finding you.The sooner they find you, the sooner you both can get out.
If your clothes catch fire, what should you do
Your clothes could catch fire during a fire or by accident if you step too close to a candle.If this happens, don't run! Instead, stop, drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and roll.This will cut off the air and put out the flames (火焰)．__17__
A．Know your way out.
B．Preventing fires is in the first place!
C．An easy way to remember this is: Stop, Drop, and Roll!
D．Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.
E．Even if you are scared, never hide under the bed or in a closet.
F．They will help prepare you for what you need to do in case of a fire.
G．In a fire, smoke and poisonous (有毒的) air hurt more people than the actual flames do.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发生火灾时人们应该怎么应对。
13．选A　空处是段落小标题。根据下文中的“An escape plan, get out of, get outside quickly and safely”等可知，本小标题与逃跑的路线有关。故A项“知道你的逃生路径”符合语境。
14．选D　空后提到了解和记住不同的路径非常重要。故D项“火冒出来的烟会使人很难看清东西在哪里”符合语境，与之构成因果关系。
15．选G　上文提到，如果屋子里有浓烟，逃生时应俯低身子。G项“在火灾中，浓烟和有毒气体比火焰更伤人”解释了这样做的原因，指出了浓烟和有毒气体的害处。
16．选E　空后提到否则，消防员会很难找到你。故E项“即使你害怕，也不要躲在床底下或壁橱里”符合语境，与后文构成转折关系。
17．选C　根据小标题“If your clothes catch fire, what should you do？”可知，空处应该是介绍灭火的方法。故C项“记住这一点的一个简单方法是：停止、下降和滚动！”符合语境。文中的“stop, drop, roll”与C项中的“Stop, Drop, and Roll”呼应。UNIT 2　课时检测(五)　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
(标语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It was October 2005, and the catastrophic earthquake killing some 79,000 people in Pakistan had reduced the valley to mud and ruins.
Yasmeen Lari, a 65－year－old architect, was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements, but she had never done disaster work before.Lari was known for designing smooth towers of glass and concrete.But here, she'd be drawing plans for earthquake－resistant homes using stone and timber debris (木材碎片)．With each passing day, she felt deeply right to do disaster－relief work.So she made it her new mission, spending the next four months working with volunteer architects and engineers from Pakistan and abroad.
Inspired by local buildings made with sustainable materials such as timber debris, bamboo and mud, Lari's shelters can better withstand disasters.Lari says this local, cost－effective and zero－carbon approach is creating an ecosystem.Anyone can learn by watching DIY videos on Lari's Zero Carbon Channel on the Internet.
The design won a UN World Habitat Prize in 2018.“We need to believe in people's capacity to bring about change.I treat displaced people as partners, not victims.They know what to do，” says Lari.
Over the decades, Yasmeen Lari has won many awards as architect and environmentalist.While it may seem like an unlikely path for a girl who was born into a well－to－do family in 1941, she had an unconventional upbringing.At home, her father would talk about the desperate need for housing.Listening to her father talk about the housing crisis and need for architects made an impression on Lari.On a family visit to London when she was 15, she applied to architecture school at Oxford Brookes University.She laughs as she recalls her bravery.
At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still full of ideas about zero－carbon designs, skills building and self－sustaining villages.“Architects can no longer work for just the one percent，” she says.“That doesn't allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.”
1．What can we learn about Lari from the first two paragraphs
A．She felt considerably proud to do disaster－relief work.
B．She started a brand－new volunteer working experience.
C．She was good at designing earthquake－resistant houses.
D．She reconstructed the settlements with glass and concrete.
2．How did Lari make her design practical and environmental
A．By creating an ecosystem.
B．By strengthening local buildings.
C．By using local sustainable materials.
D．By watching DIY videos on the Internet.
3．Why did Lari decide to apply to architecture school
A．Her interest in architecture drove her.
B．Her father encouraged her to path unusual.
C．Her father talked about the demand for architects.
D．Her rich family allowed her to pursue the most of dream.
4．Which of the following best describes Yasmeen Lari
A．Sensitive and brave.
B．Determined and cooperative.
C．Honest and generous.
D．Sympathetic and eco－responsible.
B
Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been, Peter Ruprecht admitted that he was not sure how or when to rebuild.He was still shocked by what Australia's increasingly changeable climate had already delivered: first a drought, then a destructive bush fire, then a foot of rain from a storm.
“It's unstoppable，” said Mr Ruprecht, a former dairy farmer.“We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature, but nature can also be vicious and wild and unforgiving.”
Australia's hellish (地狱的) fire season has eased (缓和), but its people are facing more than a single disaster.With floods destroying homes not far from where fires recently spread, they are facing a cycle of what scientists call “compound extremes”： one climate disaster strengthening the next.
Warmer temperatures do more than just dry out the land.They also heat up the atmosphere, which means clouds hold more moisture (水汽) for longer periods of time.So droughts get worse, giving way to fires, then to heavy rains that the land is too dry to absorb.
Many Australians in disaster zones complain that their government, after ignoring climate change for years, has not yet to draw up recovery plans that are clear and that take future threats into account.
At the same time, the economic costs of a changing climate are rising quickly.Philip Lowe, the governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, warned recently that Australia was already paying a price, and that it would only go up.
5．Why Peter Ruprecht is mentioned in the beginning
A．To arouse readers' pity.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To stress the problem.
D．To call on readers to help.
6．Which word can replace the underlined word “vicious” in paragraph 2
A．Grateful.　　　　　 B．Advanced.
C．Responsible. D．Forcible.
7．What is the main cause of “compound extremes” in Australia
A．No recovery plans. B．Warmer temperatures.
C．The lack of money. D．Government inaction.
8．Where is the text probably from
A．A guidebook. B．A travel journal.
C．A news report. D．A book review.
C
Hurricanes could be lasting longer after they make landfall，and spreading their damage farther inland, a new study suggests, which is a previously undescribed effect of climate change.
The study, published in the journal Nature, analyzed hurricanes that have struck North America from 1967 to 2018.It found that hurricanes making landfall in the 1960s lost 75 percent of their power in the first day after coming ashore, while today a hurricane that strikes land typically decays by about 50 percent in the first day.
The study's authors claimed rising ocean temperature is the driving force behind the formation of longer－lived hurricanes.They ran four models that simulate (模拟) a hurricane moving over land.In each, they adjusted the temperature of the ocean water underneath the storm.The higher the sea surface temperature was, the researchers found, the more moisture a storm carried over land and the longer it lasted.They said if a hurricane is like an engine, the warm ocean water beneath it is like fuel.When ocean water is particularly warm, as it is in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, it can increase pressure on hurricanes.If human－caused climate warming continues, they added, the destructive power of hurricanes — some with 100－plus－mile－per－hour winds and heavy rainfall — could extend farther inland and especially affect ill－equipped communities.
James Kossin, a climate scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said, “They make a convincing case that the long－lasting hurricane is related to higher ocean temperature, and this can in turn be linked to climate change.”
“I would probably support the opinion that this phenomenon is possibly happening，” said Dan Chavas, an atmospheric scientist at Purdue University and one of the study's reviewers.“I think the effect is very real, but the question is how strong the effect is.We still have a long way to go.”
9．What does the underlined word “decays” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Spreads. B．Hits.
C．Rises. D．Weakens.
10．How did the researchers mainly conduct the study
A．By analyzing data and doing experiments.
B．By observing hurricanes and making records.
C．By simulating hurricanes and having discussions.
D．By giving explanations and making comparisons.
11．What do Dan Chavas's words indicate
A．Measures should be taken to predict hurricanes.
B．Climate change leads to higher ocean temperature.
C．More research is needed to study this phenomenon.
D．The effect of hurricanes is weakened in inland areas.
12．What's the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To inform readers of a new study.
B．To prepare people for powerful hurricanes.
C．To call for global action on climate change.
D．To warn readers of the danger of global warming.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五()
Would you know what to do if a fire started in your home Take the time now to review the following safety tips, and your family will be prepared in time of a fire in your home.
__13__
An escape plan can help every member of a family get out of a burning house.The idea is to get outside quickly and safely.__14__ So it is important to learn and remember the different ways out of your home.
Stay low.
If you can see smoke in the house, stay low to the ground as you make your way to the exit.__15__ You will breathe less smoke if you stay to the ground.Smoke naturally rises, so if there is smoke while you are using your escape route, staying low means you can crawl (爬) under most of it.
What if you can't get out right away
If you can't get out fast because fire or smoke is stopping an escape route, you will want to yell for help.You can do this from an open window or call 911 if you have a phone with you.__16__ Or, firefighters will have a hard time finding you.The sooner they find you, the sooner you both can get out.
If your clothes catch fire, what should you do
Your clothes could catch fire during a fire or by accident if you step too close to a candle.If this happens, don't run! Instead, stop, drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and roll.This will cut off the air and put out the flames (火焰)．__17__
A．Know your way out.
B．Preventing fires is in the first place!
C．An easy way to remember this is: Stop, Drop, and Roll!
D．Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.
E．Even if you are scared, never hide under the bed or in a closet.
F．They will help prepare you for what you need to do in case of a fire.
G．In a fire, smoke and poisonous (有毒的) air hurt more people than the actual flames do.
UNIT 2　课时检测(五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了巴基斯坦建筑师Yasmeen Lari努力改进村庄的房屋设计，以更好地抵御自然灾害。
1．选B　推理判断题。根据前两段内容可知，在巴基斯坦发生了灾难性的地震之后，Lari开始把设计抗震房屋作为自己的新任务，并在接下来的四个月里，与来自巴基斯坦和国外的志愿者建筑师和工程师一起工作。由此可知，Lari开始了一段全新的志愿者工作经历。
2．选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inspired by local buildings made with sustainable materials such as timber debris, bamboo and mud, Lari's shelters can better withstand disasters.”可知，Lari设计的房屋就地取材，低成本、零碳、环保，即这些材料是可持续的材料。
3．选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Listening to her father talk about the housing crisis and need for architects made an impression on Lari.”可知，Lari申请建筑学院是因为听父亲谈论住房危机和对建筑师的需求给其留下了深刻的印象。
4．选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still full of ideas about zero－carbon designs, skills building and self－sustaining villages.”以及“That doesn't allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.”可知，Yasmeen Lari富有同情心和环保意识。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚一系列极端气候灾难，包括它们的成因、危害及造成的经济损失等。
5．选B　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，提及Peter Ruprecht是为了引出话题：澳大利亚的气候灾难。
6．选D　词义猜测题。画线词所在句表示“我们谈论的是大自然的温暖，但大自然也可能是vicious、野蛮和无情的”。由句中的“warmth”及转折连词“but”、并列连词“and”及“wild”可知，画线词vicious意为“残酷的，野蛮的”，故D项与画线词意思相近。
7．选B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，是温度升高导致了复合极端情况。
8．选C　文章出处题。全文描述了澳大利亚的极端气候灾难，包括它们的成因、危害以及造成的经济损失等，属于实时报道。因此，该文章应出自一篇新闻报道。
[C]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者通过分析数据和做实验来进行研究，进而向人们介绍了一项关于飓风的新研究。
9．选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子中的连词“while”及上文“lost 75 percent of their power in the first day”和“decays by about 50 percent in the first day”可知，句中将飓风过去和现在登陆后强度的衰减进行了对比，由此推知画线词decays与上文lost同义，表示“失去，衰落，减弱”。
10．选A　细节理解题。根据第二段内容以及第三段的“They ran four models that simulate a hurricane moving over land.”可知，研究者主要是通过分析数据和做实验来进行研究的。
11．选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I think the effect is very real，but the question is how strong the effect is.We still have a long way to go.”可知，他的话表明了还需要做更多的研究工作来研究这一现象。
12．选A　写作意图题。根据第一段的“Hurricanes could be lasting longer after they make landfall, and spreading their damage farther inland, a new study suggests”以及第二段的“The study, published in the journal Nature, analyzed hurricanes that have struck North America from 1967 to 2018.”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发生火灾时人们应该怎么应对。
13．选A　空处是段落小标题。根据下文中的“An escape plan, get out of, get outside quickly and safely”等可知，本小标题与逃跑的路线有关。故A项“知道你的逃生路径”符合语境。
14．选D　空后提到了解和记住不同的路径非常重要。故D项“火冒出来的烟会使人很难看清东西在哪里”符合语境，与之构成因果关系。
15．选G　上文提到，如果屋子里有浓烟，逃生时应俯低身子。G项“在火灾中，浓烟和有毒气体比火焰更伤人”解释了这样做的原因，指出了浓烟和有毒气体的害处。
16．选E　空后提到否则，消防员会很难找到你。故E项“即使你害怕，也不要躲在床底下或壁橱里”符合语境，与后文构成转折关系。
17．选C　根据小标题“If your clothes catch fire, what should you do？”可知，空处应该是介绍灭火的方法。故C项“记住这一点的一个简单方法是：停止、下降和滚动！”符合语境。文中的“stop, drop, roll”与C项中的“Stop, Drop, and Roll”呼应。
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