资源简介

(共50张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
新人教选择性必修三
Unit 5 Poems
Learning Objectives
To grasp the restrictive relative clauses and non-restrictive relative clauses;
To tell the difference between that and which used as relative pronouns;
To put sentences in order and compose a passage using relative pronouns and relative adverbs;
To apply the attributive clauses to writing.
Find and discuss the use of relative clauses in the sentences (P50-51).
There are various reasons why people compose poetry. (Para. 1)
Some of the first poems (that) a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. (Para. 2)
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. (Para. 3)
思考：第1句中的why能否换为其他关系词？第2句和第3句中的关系代词that可否换为which
指原因，作原因状语
先行词既有人又有物，作主语
指物，作宾语，可省略
指物，作主语
List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which / that give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. (Para. 3)
Another simple form of poem that / which amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. (Para. 4)
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that / which consists of 17 syllables. (Para. 5)
The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly. (Para. 5)
指物，作主语
指物，作宾语
指物，作主语
指物，作主语
指物，作主语
定语
形容词
名词
介词短语
非谓语动词
从句
(定语从句）
She is a beautiful girl.
Amy is a woman teacher.
The girl in red is my sister.
I have something to say.
The boy making face is my son.
Japan is a developed country.
I like people who smiles a lot.
定语：“定”语相当于形容词，修饰或限制名词或代词，常译为“的”
什么可以作定语
Lucy's father is a poor worker．
We belong to the third world.
My brother is a teacher.
They live in the room above.
副词
代词
数词
名词所有格/形容词
What is the attribute （什么是定语）
定语的位置
单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，前置定语
短语作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面，后置定语
定语从句：
修饰或限定一个名词、代词或一句话的从句
This is the best film that I have seen.
定语从句
the best film
先行词
that
关系词
定语从句
定义
结构
定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词，在句子中起定语作用的从句。
先行词
关系词
被修饰的名词或代词
引导定语从句的关系词
定语从句概述
定语从句
定义
结构
定语从句
关系词
在复合句中修饰名词或代词，在句子中起定语作用的从句。
先行词
关系词
被修饰的名词或代词
引导定语从句的关联词
关系代词
关系副词
who whom that which whose as
when where why
eg. This is the car which he bought last year.
What is the attributive clause
1）连接作用：连接主句与从句。
2）成分作用：在定语从句中充当一个成分。
3）替代作用：替代某一名词﹑代词或某一句话。
定语从句的分类
She has two brothers who are working in the city.
She has more than two brothers.
She has two brothers, who are working in the city.
She has only two brothers.
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
类型 限制性定语从句 描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义。
非限制性定语从句 对主句所描述的人或物提供附加情况，起补充说明作用；如省去，主句意义仍完整。
关系代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 主语 宾语 定语
that
which
who
whom
whose
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
that 指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
引导定语从句的关系代词
关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句用法小结（续上表）
关系副词 指代 在定语从句中担任成分 相当于介词+which
when
where
why
时间
时间状语
地点
地点状语
原因
原因状语
at/in/on /during which
in/at which
for which
时间
The house ______ windows face north belongs to him.
The man _______________ you met just now is my brother.
The man _________ is working in the playground is my old
friend.
Take the book ___________ is lying on the table.
She is such a girl ____ is always finding fault with other
people.
whose
whom / who / that
who / that
which / that
as
即学即练
指物，作定语
指人，作宾语
指人，作主语
指物，作主语
指人，作主语
选关系代词还是关系副词？
看定语从句是否缺主干成分
（主、宾）
是
否
关系代词
（that/ which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as）
？
关系副词（状语）
（when时, where地, why原）
Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？
（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man （whom/who/that） I saw yesterday.
The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句
先行词
关系代词
从句
（that在从句中作主语）
先行词
关系代词
从句
（whom/who/that在从句中作宾语，可省略）
（which/that在从宾语句中作宾语，可省略）
先行词
关系代词
从句
先行词
关系代词
从句
用法小结：
_________指物，充当 __ ， _ 或者表语。做_____可省略。
_______________指人，充当 __ ， __ 或者表语. 做 ___ 可省略
主语
宾语
宾语
主语
宾语
宾语
which/that
who/whom/that
The girl whose parents are both teachers is working hard.
He lives in a room whose window faces south.
考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句
（whose表示那个女孩的，作定语）
（whose表示那个房间的，作定语）
先行词
关系代词
从句
先行词
关系代词
从句
whose: ....的 表示所属关系，此时关系词后的名词从属于先行词可修饰______也可以修饰_____，在从句中充当_________。
人
物
定语
难点：关系代词that与which的辨析
1. Please inform me of anything__________ you find unusual.
　2. All measures __________can be taken should be taken to reduce environmental pollution.
　3. The building in front of_______ there is a drug store dates back 500 years.
4. China, __________ covers an area of over 9.6 million square kilometers, is the third largest country in the globe.
that /省略
which　
which
that　
关系代词中that和which在用法上有什么区别？
不定代词
不定代词
介词+不定代词
非限制性定语从句
1
key word 1:
不定代词或疑问代词
3
key word 3 :
形容词最高级，序数词
2
key word 2 :
the only, the very, the last
4
key word 4 :
既有人又有物
一：只用that的四种常见情况
关系代词that与which的辨析
二、只用which的三种常见情况
关系代词that与which的辨析
tip 3:
避免重复
tip 2 :
先行词是物的
非限制性定语从句
tip 1:
介词＋关系代词结构中
1. Those_______respect others are usually respected by others.
2. There are many people_______ are against the plan.
难点：关系代词that与who的辨析
who
who
代词
There be句型
总结：关系代词that与who的辨析
tip 2 :
There be 句型中
tip 1:
先行词是one，the one, ones , anyone , those等指人代词
只用who的两种常见情况
考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句
（where表示地点，作地点状语）
（when表示时间，作时间状语）
先行词
关系副词
从句
先行词
关系副词
从句
1.But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong.
2.This is the village where we worked ten years ago.
3. Do you know the reason why he is absent
先行词
关系副词
从句
（why表示原因，作原因状语）
when：先行词表示 , 充当 时间状语
where：先行词表示 , 充当 地点状语
（spot, position, situation, point, case, condition）
why: 先行词为reason, 充当 原因状语
(for+ which=why)
可转化为：
介词+关系代词
时间
地点
1. This is the factory _________he used to work.
2. This is the factory___________________ I visited last year.
3. Is this the museum________________you visited a few days ago
4. Is this the museum __________the exhibition was held
5. I have come to the point ______________ I can’t stand him.
6. He’s got into the situation _____________ he is heavily in debt.
7. At last he got the position___________he had been dreaming of.
难点：关系代词与关系副词的辨析
which/that /省略
where
where
which/that /省略
(work是不及物动词)
(visit是及物动词)
(从句缺少宾语)
(从句缺少地点状语)
where/at which
where/in which
（that/which）
表示地点的抽象名词
(从句缺少状语)
(从句缺少状语)
表示地点的抽象名词
(从句缺少宾语)
总结：关系代词与关系副词的选用方法
前提：定从的先行词为表示时间，地点或原因的名词时
用法 依据
根据从句谓语动词 是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词__________
是不及物动词，则用相对应的关系副词。
根据先行词在从句中做的成分 把先行词放进定语从句中
若做主语或宾语用：___________________
若做状语则用相对应的关系副词
先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation, point, stage,position, part,condition, case 引导词在从句中
作状语用:_____________________________
作主语、宾语或表语____________________
that / which / 省略;
关系代词that / which
where或“介词＋关系代词”
that/which
1. Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
2. He has ten cousins,the youngest of whom is very clever.
3. We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
4. I never forget the day on which I came to this school.
5. This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly.
考点三：介词+关系代词
名词/代词＋of＋关系代词
可转化为“whose＋名词”结构
数词/形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词
数词还可以被some, many, most, each等不定代词替换
谓语动词与介词的搭配
介词与先行词的搭配
所要表达的意思来确定介词
介词选用规则1：
谓语动词固定搭配
03
01
代词选用规则1：指物,常用 which__
02
代词选用规则2：指人,常用 whom
04
介词选用规则2：
of所属，整体与部分
05
介词选用规则3：
先行词搭配
06
介词选用规则4：
句子意思
难点：关系代词与介词的选用规则
Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up this foolish plan.
I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.
考点四：as 引导的定语从句
1. as 引导限制性定语从句
as 既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。
它常用在such...as..., the same...as... 等结构中，as 不能省略。
先行词
关系代词
从句
先行词
关系代词
从句
as 引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：
as we all know众所周知 as is well known众所周知
as you see 如你所见 as can be seen 正如所见
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as is/was expected 正如预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的 as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as has been said before 如前所述 as is often the case 情况常常是这样
2. as 引导非限制性定语从句
As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns.
As we all know, paper was invented in China.
as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。
1
相同点:
关系代词as 与which 引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句
3
不同点1 :
as 引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。as仍具有“正如，像，由……可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as 引导的此类从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。
2
但:
as 和which 具有不同的词义、句法和用法
4
不同点2 :
which 引导的定语从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。只能位于主句的后面。
P115
难点：as 与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
Summary
Practice and Apply：
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
The Crescent Moon is perhaps the most famous collection of children’s poems. It is known to people in China.
The Crescent Moon, which is known to people in China, is perhaps the most famous collection of children’s poems.
指物，作主语
There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective. In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children’s feelings.
There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective in which the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children’s feelings.
指物，作地点状语 = where
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
Practice and Apply：
Practice and Apply：
The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems. The focus of the poems is on the parent-child relationship.
The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems, the focus of which is on the parent-child relationship.
指物，作介词宾语
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
Practice and Apply：
The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother. The mother loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.
The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother who loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.
指人，作主语
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
Practice and Apply：
Many people love to read this collection of poems. The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
The reason why many people love to read collection of poems is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
指原因，作原因状语
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
Practice and Apply：
It was written by the Indian poet Tagore. Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
It was written by the Indian poet Tagore who was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
指人，作主语
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
The Crescent Moon, which is known to people in China, is perhaps the most famous collection of children’s poems. It was written by the Indian poet Tagore, who was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems whose focus is on the parent-child relationship. The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother who loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears. There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective, in which the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children’s feelings. The reason why many people love to read this collection of poems is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
The correct order to compose a passage
________________________
1 5 3 4 6 2
①Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
②But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
③Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
④Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
⑤Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
⑥As a result， he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.
⑦Do you know the girl with/to whom the teacher talked just now？
⑧Knowledge is the wing with which we realise our dreams.
Read and discover

（1）句③⑤中加蓝部分的引导词是关系代词,分别在定语从句中充当 　定语。
（2）句①②④⑥中加蓝部分的引导词是关系副词，分别在定语从句中充当 　　 _______________________________状语。
（3）句⑦⑧中加蓝部分为“ 　介词＋关系代词　 ”引导的定语从句。
定语和主语　
地点、时间、原因、地点　
介词＋关系代词　
Practice and Apply：
Read the following introduction about the Brownings. Help the author edit the passage to make it more concise, using relative clauses if necessary.
Practice and Apply：
If you study the history of English literature, you will find the names of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. They were one of the most romantic literary couples of the Victorian era.
If you study the history of English literature, you will find the names of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, ____ were one of the most romantic literary couples of the Victorian era.
who
指人，作主语
Practice and Apply：
The couple exchanged many letters. These letters obviously helped sow the seeds of love between the two.
The couple exchanged many letters, _____ obviously helped sow the seeds of love between the two.
which
作主语，修饰前面整个句子
However, their subsequent marriage was carried out in secret. It was because Barrett’s father was a dominant and selfish man. He would refuse to let his daughter go. The couple moved to Italy in 1846. Elizabeth lived there for the rest of her life.
However, their subsequent marriage was carried out in secret because Barrett’s father was a dominant and selfish man ____ would refuse to let his daughter go. The couple moved to Italy in 1846, _____ Elizabeth lived for the rest of her life.
who
where
指人，作主语
指地点，作地点状语
Practice and Apply：
The best evidence that can be found is Sonnets from the Portuguese. The sonnets were written during the time when she was in love with Robert Browning.
The best evidence that can be found is Sonnets from the Portuguese ____ were written during the time when she was in love with Robert Browning.
that
指物，作主语
This is the reason ___________ he explained at the meeting.
2. This is the reason _______ I want to quit my job.
1.We visited a factory _________ makes toys for children.
2.We visited a factory ______ toys are made for children.
1. I’ll never forget the day _______ we first met.
2. I’ll never forget the day ___________ I spent with you.
which/that
where
which/that
when
The way _____________ he explained the sentence to
us was easy to understand.
2. The way ____________ he told me is practical.
that/in which
which/that
定语从句中，如果缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词;
如果不缺主语或宾语而缺状语，则用关系副词(when/where/why).
why
which/that
关系代词 关系副词
or
先行词为抽象地点 引导的定语从句
where
He often got himself into such a situation _______ everything could happen.
2. Are you facing a situation ____________ looks impossible to fix
3. I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
4. Reading is an activity __________ people enjoy a lot in their free time.
case，situation，point，scene，activity，stage，spot等抽象的地点名词，在从句中作状语时，用where引导; 作主语或宾语时，用that/which.
where
which/that
where
where
All ____ is needed is money and hands.
The third place _____ we are going to visit is Hangzhou.
He’s the only boy in our city ____ enters the Beijing University.
She described in her compositions the people and places ______ impressed her most.
Who is the girl _____ drove the car
只用that 只用which
vs
He came up with a suggestion, _______ proved to be more than practical.
This is the great moment to ________ I look forward.
that
that
that
that
that
which
which
1.当先行词是指物的不定代词(all, little, much, everything, none等)或被不定代词所修饰时
2.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时
3.当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last, the same, the right等所修饰时
4.当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时
5.当主句是以who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句时。
2.当先行词是物，且关系词位于介词后时，只能用which
1.引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which
+
介词 关系代词
Do you know the boy ______ ______ your mother is talking
2. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.
3. I still remember the day ___ ______ I first got to Paris.
4. He has three brothers, ____ ______ Li Lei is the youngest one.
在非限制定语从句中表示“所有关系”或”整体中的一部分”，用of which/of whom
to/with whom
with which
on which
of whom
如何判断选择哪个介词？
当关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。此结构既可用于限制性定从，也可用于非限制性定从。若先行词指“人”，用“介词+whom”；若先行词指“物”，用“介词+which”。
= the + n. of which/whom
whose
1. Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone _______ family was very poor.
2. I made a table, ______ surface is quite smooth.
I made a table, ___________________ is quite smooth.
I made a table, ___________________ is quite smooth.
whose
whose
the surface of which
of which the surface
whose 在从句中作定语，指先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系，表示“……的”，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
whose引导定语从句时，通常可与of which/of whom引导的定语从句进行转换。
的用法
as
一、As引导的限制性定语从句
1. This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.
2. This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.
3. He is as clever a boy ____ you can imagine.
as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。
as
as
as
定语从句 其他句型
v.s
It was in this house _____ he was born.
It was the house ______ he was born.
定语从句和强调句
定语从句和同位语从句
We all have heard the news_____ our team won.
We don’t believe the news ____________ he told us yesterday.
that
where
that
that/which
He is such a kind person _____ everybody likes.
He is such a kind person _____ everybody likes him.
定语从句和状语从句
Mr. Li has three daughters, none of _______ is an engineer．
Mr. Li has three daughters, but none of _______ is a dancer.
定语从句和并列句
as
that
whom
them
Unit 5
Thank You !
Discovering Useful Structures
新人教选择性必修三

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