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Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
(二)把握主旨大意
What is the main idea of the text？(　 )
A．Science is good and makes good things.
B．Science means destruction.
C．Science leads to wonderful questions and mysteries.
D．Science has its own values.
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．What do we know most about science？(　 )
A．It absolutely makes good things for everybody.
B．It only puts our future at risk.
C．It enables us to do and make all kinds of things.
D．It is too complex for people to understand.
[Tip]
推理判断题考查通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，进行推理、判断的能力。正确选项中一般不包含表示绝对概念的词汇，如A选项中的 absolutely和B选项中的only等。正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如often、 usually、 sometimes、 some、 may、 might、 can、 could、 possibly、 probably等。
2．Whenever we make a deep breakthrough in science, what will we find then？(　 )
A．Disappointing answers.
B．More knowledge.
C．Depression.
D．More questions and mysteries.
3．What does a scientist often go through？(　 )
A．Experiment, ignorance and doubt.
B．Ignorance, doubt and uncertainty.
C．Problems, experiment and uncertainty.
D．Problems, doubt and effort.
4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？(　 )
A．We shouldn't doubt anything all the time.
B．We shouldn't fear doubts.
C．Freedom of thought should be encouraged.
D．Scientists should question something bravely.
5．What can we infer from the passage？(　 )
A．Everything has two sides.
B．All is progressing.
C．Authority is science.
D．Science can change everything.
(二)阅读表达
1．What are the responsibilities of scientists
①________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
②________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
③________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2．Feynman believes that of all science's many values, the greatest must be the freedom to doubt.How do you understand this？(The answers may vary.)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文的语篇类型是演讲稿。演讲稿的结构通常包括开场白、正文、结尾三部分。
(1)常用的开场白有点明主题式、交代背景式、提出问题式等。不论哪种开场白，目的都是使听众立即了解演讲主题、引入正文、引起思考等。如本文作者在开场白中通过自我设问“科学中是否也有罪恶的成分”来抓住听众(读者)的注意力。
(2)演讲稿的正文也是整篇演讲的主体。主体部分通常讲究重点突出、层次分明。如本文主体部分条理清楚、由浅入深地诠释了科学三个层面的价值。
(3)结尾是演讲内容的收束，通常起着深化主题的作用。如本文在讲明了科学的价值之后，在尾段中强调了科学家的责任。
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb.
赏析：work on表示“从事于，致力于”，描述了作者致力于科研工作的情况，用词贴切。
2．Put another way, what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to ...
赏析：put another way“换句话说”用来解释说明前面提到的内容。类似的表达还有：namely、 that is to say、 in other words等。
3．I thought long and hard about this question, and I will try to answer it in this talk.
赏析：long and hard及后面的try强调了作者苦思冥想，想要给出这一问题的理想解答。
4．Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.
赏析：本句中的all sorts of强调了科学的价值：引导我们构想出形形色色的东西，同时 fantastic及比较级的运用对这一价值做了进一步强调。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①The mobile library services have been reorganised — ________________________， they visit fewer places.
流动图书馆服务重新做了安排——换句话说，他们去的地方减少了。
②The shelves were filled with ________________________________ — eggplants, cucumbers, cabbages, tomatoes.
茄子、黄瓜、卷心菜、西红柿，各种蔬菜摆满了货架。
③On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies ________________________________.
总的来说，有抱负的学生比那些没有抱负的学生更有可能在学业上取得成功。
(二)赏句式之高　
1．Such power has obvious value — even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.
赏析：此处运用了even though引导的让步状语从句，强调了即使科学的力量被人滥用去做了不好的事，但其价值仍是不可否认的。
2．With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still.
赏析：此处使用了完全倒装句式，既起到平衡句式、避免头重脚轻的作用，又有利于与前文自然紧密地衔接，使语句更加流畅。
3．The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance.
赏析：本句中运用了高级表达“be of＋抽象名词”结构，相当于“be＋该抽象名词的形容词形式”，强调了科学家“无知、怀疑和不确定”这一经历的重要性。
[提能训练]　(翻译句子/句型转换)
①门开了，孩子们冲了出去。
________________________________________________________________________
②参加今天会议的有来自世界各地的科学家。
________________________________________________________________________
③English is very important to us students.
→English __________________________ to us students.
④Playing computer games doesn't benefit you.
→Playing computer games ________________ to you.
(三)赏修辞之功　
In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt.
赏析：此处使用了we must ...we must ...排比句，节奏感强，增强了语言气势，加强了表达效果。排比往往给人一气呵成之感，多用于说理或抒情。用排比说理，可以把论点阐述得更严密、更透彻；用排比抒情可以把情感抒发得淋漓尽致。
[提能训练]　(试用排比句翻译下面句子)
This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(四)赏逻辑之巧　
在本文的主体部分中，作者用The first way in which science is of value ...Another value of science is ...I would now like to turn to a third value将三、四、五段自然衔接起来，逻辑紧密地诠释了科学三个层面的价值。
Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)①science　②value　③power　④decided　⑤enjoyment　⑥mysteries　⑦doubt　⑧authority　⑨freedom　⑩progress
(二)D　
精读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)1～5　CDBAA
(二)1.①To declare the value of the freedom of thought.
②To teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed.
③To demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.
2．Doubt is the key to knowledge.We shouldn't take anything for granted.With doubt and curiosity, we keep a fresh mind to our surroundings.
课文写法借鉴
(一)①put another way　②all sorts of vegetables
③than those with little ambition
(二)①The door opened and out rushed the children.
②Present at the meeting today are the scientists coming from all over the world.
③is of great importance
④is of no benefit
(三)这个伟大的国家过去经得起考验，今后还将经得起考验，将复兴，将繁荣。
5 / 5(共60张PPT)
“Extended reading”
的课文习读环节
Section Ⅴ
课文阅读理解
课文写法借鉴
课时检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
01
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
science
value
power
decided
enjoyment
mysteries
doubt
authority
freedom
progress
√
(二)把握主旨大意
What is the main idea of the text
A．Science is good and makes good things.
B．Science means destruction.
C．Science leads to wonderful questions and mysteries.
D．Science has its own values.
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．What do we know most about science
A．It absolutely makes good things for everybody.
B．It only puts our future at risk.
C．It enables us to do and make all kinds of things.
D．It is too complex for people to understand.
√
[Tip]
推理判断题考查通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，进行推理、判断的能力。正确选项中一般不包含表示绝对概念的词汇，如A选项中的 absolutely和B选项中的only等。正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如often、 usually、 sometimes、 some、 may、 might、 can、 could、 possibly、 probably等。
√
2．Whenever we make a deep breakthrough in science, what will we find then
A．Disappointing answers.
B．More knowledge.
C．Depression.
D．More questions and mysteries.
√
3．What does a scientist often go through
A．Experiment, ignorance and doubt.
B．Ignorance, doubt and uncertainty.
C．Problems, experiment and uncertainty.
D．Problems, doubt and effort.
4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．We shouldn't doubt anything all the time.
B．We shouldn't fear doubts.
C．Freedom of thought should be encouraged.
D．Scientists should question something bravely.
√
5．What can we infer from the passage
A．Everything has two sides.
B．All is progressing.
C．Authority is science.
D．Science can change everything.
√
(二)阅读表达
1．What are the responsibilities of scientists
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
①To declare the value of the freedom of thought.
②To teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed.
③To demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.
2．Feynman believes that of all science's many values, the greatest must be the freedom to doubt.How do you understand this？(The answers may vary.)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Doubt is the key to knowledge.We shouldn't take anything for granted.With doubt and curiosity, we keep a fresh mind to our surroundings.
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文的语篇类型是演讲稿。演讲稿的结构通常包括开场白、正文、结尾三部分。
(1)常用的开场白有点明主题式、交代背景式、提出问题式等。不论哪种开场白，目的都是使听众立即了解演讲主题、引入正文、引起思考等。如本文作者在开场白中通过自我设问“科学中是否也有罪恶的成分”来抓住听众(读者)的注意力。
(2)演讲稿的正文也是整篇演讲的主体。主体部分通常讲究重点突出、层次分明。如本文主体部分条理清楚、由浅入深地诠释了科学三个层面的价值。
(3)结尾是演讲内容的收束，通常起着深化主题的作用。如本文在讲明了科学的价值之后，在尾段中强调了科学家的责任。
02
课文写法借鉴
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb.
赏析：work on表示“从事于，致力于”，描述了作者致力于科研工作的情况，用词贴切。
2．Put another way, what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to ...
赏析：put another way“换句话说”用来解释说明前面提到的内容。类似的表达还有：namely、 that is to say、 in other words等。
3．I thought long and hard about this question, and I will try to answer it in this talk.
赏析：long and hard及后面的try强调了作者苦思冥想，想要给出这一问题的理想解答。
4．Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.
赏析：本句中的all sorts of强调了科学的价值：引导我们构想出形形色色的东西，同时 fantastic及比较级的运用对这一价值做了进一步强调。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①The mobile library services have been reorganised —______________, they visit fewer places.
流动图书馆服务重新做了安排——换句话说，他们去的地方减少了。
②The shelves were filled with____________________ — eggplants, cucumbers, cabbages, tomatoes.
茄子、黄瓜、卷心菜、西红柿，各种蔬菜摆满了货架。
put another way
all sorts of vegetables
③On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies ____________________________.
总的来说，有抱负的学生比那些没有抱负的学生更有可能在学业上取得成功。
than those with little ambition
(二)赏句式之高　
1．Such power has obvious value — even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.
赏析：此处运用了even though引导的让步状语从句，强调了即使科学的力量被人滥用去做了不好的事，但其价值仍是不可否认的。
2．With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still.
赏析：此处使用了完全倒装句式，既起到平衡句式、避免头重脚轻的作用，又有利于与前文自然紧密地衔接，使语句更加流畅。
3．The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance.
赏析：本句中运用了高级表达“be of＋抽象名词”结构，相当于“be＋该抽象名词的形容词形式”，强调了科学家“无知、怀疑和不确定”这一经历的重要性。
[提能训练]　(翻译句子/句型转换)
①门开了，孩子们冲了出去。
________________________________________________________
②参加今天会议的有来自世界各地的科学家。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The door opened and out rushed the children.
Present at the meeting today are the scientists coming from all over the world.
③English is very important to us students.
→English _____________________ to us students.
④Playing computer games doesn't benefit you.
→Playing computer games ______________ to you.
is of great importance
is of no benefit
(三)赏修辞之功　
In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt.
赏析：此处使用了we must ...we must ...排比句，节奏感强，增强了语言气势，加强了表达效果。排比往往给人一气呵成之感，多用于说理或抒情。用排比说理，可以把论点阐述得更严密、更透彻；用排比抒情可以把情感抒发得淋漓尽致。
[提能训练]　(试用排比句翻译下面句子)
This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
这个伟大的国家过去经得起考验，今后还将经得起考验，将复兴，将繁荣。
(四)赏逻辑之巧　
在本文的主体部分中，作者用The first way in which science is of value ...Another value of science is ...I would now like to turn to a third value将三、四、五段自然衔接起来，逻辑紧密地诠释了科学三个层面的价值。
03
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It's natural to think about what goes into producing the food in your daily lunch bag.But have you ever stopped to consider the production techniques behind the bag itself At the center of it is a woman named Margaret Knight.
From her earliest years, Knight was a restless creator.In the article titled “The Evolution of the Grocery Bag”， its writer mentions a few of her childhood projects.She was “famous for her kites”， and “her sleds were the envy of the town's boys”．
To support her mother, she took a job at a cotton factory when she was 12.That same year she invented a shuttle system which helped to prevent injury.At the time, she had no concept of patenting her idea.What strengthened her place in history was her working experience at the Columbia Paper Bag Company.Here, instead of folding every paper bag by hand, Knight wondered if she might be able to make them cleanly and rapidly via an automated machine.The result was a working model of her elegant paper－folding machine.But this time she wanted to go to the extra step and secure a patent on her creation, a brave move for a woman in the 19th century, when an extremely small percentage of patents were held by women.
Not only did Knight file for a patent, she bravely defended her ownership of the bag machine idea.A man named Charles Annan said the creation was his own, arguing no woman could be able to design such a machine.Knight fought a legal battle against him and handed Annan a courtroom (法庭) defeat by presenting her detailed hand－drawn blueprints.Finally, Knight received her rightful patent in 1871.
After making the machine, she continued to invent many other things like a paper feeding machine and a skirt protector.Knight, at the age of seventy, worked twenty hours a day on 89th invention.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女发明家玛格丽特·奈特小时候爱好创造，后来发明折纸机器并在一番曲折后获得专利的故事。
1．Why does the writer mention Knight's childhood projects
A．To introduce a book to readers.
B．To tell us young Knight liked sports.
C．To show Knight was envied by other girls.
D．To show Knight was creative as a child.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“From her earliest years, Knight was a restless creator.”可知，作者提到奈特的童年计划是为了向人们展示奈特小时候的创造力。
√
2．Which words can best describe Knight
A．Intelligent and generous.
B．Courageous and hard－working.
C．Considerate and optimistic.
D．Independent and determined.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“a brave move for a woman in the 19th century, when an extremely small percentage of patents were held by women”和最后一段最后一句可知，奈特是勤劳勇敢的。
√
3．What do we know about the paper folding machine
A．It turned out to be slower but safer.
B．It was co－invented by Knight and Annan.
C．It proved Knight's position as an inventor.
D．It was the first machine to be patented by a woman.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“What strengthened her place in history was ...a working model of her elegant paper－folding machine.”可知，这台折纸机证明了奈特作为发明家的地位。
√
4．How is the text mainly developed
A．By following the order of time.
B．By making some comments.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By listing examples.
解析：写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章以时间为线索，讲述了奈特小时候爱好创造，后来发明折纸机器并在一番曲折后获得专利的故事。
√
B
What are scientists They are often described as gray－haired white－coated dull scholars.
But the world has changed.Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the world stage.
This is also true in China.Rising stars include new materials expert Gong Yongji, university professor Liu Mingzhen, and biologist Wang Ruixue.At the age of 28 in 2018, Wang Ruixue received the 2018 Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists.This is a global prize to reward outstanding scientists at an early stage of their careers.
She focuses mainly on biomedicine (生物医学) and artificial intelligence.“Both are cutting－edge (前沿的) technologies at an early stage of development，” she said.
“So, I think they have great potential to be developed.I think in the study of cutting－edge technologies, China and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line.And in the study of structural biology, China is likely to become the leader.”
She felt it was her fate to become a biologist.“I grew interested in the natural world, when I was very young，” she said.In 2009, she entered Sun Yat－sen University.
In her third year at the university, she realized that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine.So she emailed China's top biologist Shi Yigong, hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University.
Shi recognized her talent and welcomed her.Years of efforts at the lab have paid off.Her research on the high－definition 3D structure of spliceosome led to a scientific breakthrough.
Unlike many of other young scientists who choose to pursue further study abroad, Wang currently has no plan to go overseas.
“The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China，” she said, adding the country has great science facilities.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。越来越多的年轻科学家投身科学研究，为社会做出了巨大的贡献。他们对中国的科学技术和科学研究充满自信。
5．What does the underlined word “releasing” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Giving out.　　　　 B．Getting over.
C．Finding out. D．Taking over.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“making their voices heard and releasing their powers”可知，在世界舞台上，年轻的科学家正发出自己的声音，释放自己的能量。由此猜测出releasing有“发出，散发”之意。
√
6．What does Wang Ruixue feel about the study of cutting－edge technologies in China
A．Anxious. B．Confident.
C．Disappointed. D．Satisfied.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，对中国前沿技术的研究，王瑞雪充满信心。
√
7．What can we learn about Wang Ruixue's journey of becoming a biologist
A．Her teacher led her into the field.
B．She finds it's easier than she thought.
C．Her contribution has been recognized.
D．She thinks it's boring but worth trying.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，在成为生物学家的过程中，她的付出得到了认可。
√
8．Which can be the best title of the text
A．China's Breakthrough in Science
B．Rising Young Scientists in China
C．Wang Ruixue: A Successful Young Scientist
D．New Image of Chinese Scientists
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第二、三段可知，在世界舞台上，年轻的科学家们正在发出他们的声音，释放他们的能量，中国也是如此。故B项“中国正在崛起的年轻科学家”适合作文章标题。
√
C
Isaac Newton's book, the Principia, transformed human understanding of the forces of nature, providing a mathematical basis for the movement of planets, moons, and comets (彗星), as well as objects on Earth. Recently, the known number of first editions of the book has more than doubled, including the first ones found in Asia, according to a new survey. Nearly 200 first editions of the Principia were newly identified in the survey, bringing the total known number to 386. The volumes cover 27 countries on five continents, including Africa and Australia.
Before this new survey, the size of the Principia's first edition had been thought to be small — around 250 — based on a 1953 survey that put the number of copies at 189. That figure partly reflects a long－held idea that the book, formally titled Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, at 500 pages and written in Latin, was virtually incomprehensible outside of a small circle of expert mathematicians.
Behind the pages of the Principia, in which Newton laid out his three laws of motion, is an interesting history that involves the astronomer Edmond Halley and other great figures. Most famous today for the comet that bears his name, Halley sought Newton's input on the shape of planetary orbits, a question that Halley and his colleagues had been puzzling over. Excited by Newton's answer — an ellipse (椭圆), and even more so by a paper he later sent to show his calculations, Halley pushed Newton to write the Principia, then funded its publication and was key to promoting it.
Such a book of knowledge carries great value. “In a sense, the Principia combined all the work that was done for the previous hundred years，” says Mordechai Feingold, a science historian at the California Institute of Technology. “Newton put together the ideas that Kepler, Galileo, Descartes and other scientists had put forth so far as heavenly bodies are concerned and realized that Earth is a planet like any other planet and there's a mutual (相互的) attraction between all those heavenly bodies.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的调查发现，牛顿的《自然哲学的数学原理》一书首版发行量比人们以为的多很多。
9．What does the new survey show about first editions of the Principia
A．They failed to be seen in Africa.
B．They were 586 in number in total.
C．They were written in many languages.
D．They reached more audience than thought.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Recently, the known number of first editions ...including Africa and Australia.”可知，这本书首版拥有的读者比人们以为的要多。
√
10．How was the Principia traditionally regarded
A．It was not easy to understand.
B．It had fewer and fewer readers.
C．It should be widely promoted.
D．It was written for mathematicians.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a long－held idea that the book ...was virtually incomprehensible outside of a small circle of expert mathematicians”可知，长期以来人们一直认为，这本书除了一小部分数学专家外，几乎没人能够看懂。
√
11．What interested Halley most according to paragraph 3
A．The comet named after him.
B．Newton's answer to his question.
C．Newton's calculating process.
D．The promotion of the Principia.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Excited by Newton's answer ...and even more so by a paper he later sent to show his calculations”可知，牛顿的计算过程最使哈雷感兴趣。
√
12．Which of the following can best describe Newton's work according to Feingold
A．Arguable.　　　　　　 B．Inclusive.
C．Complex. D．Modern.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Feingold所说的“the Principia combined all the work that was done for the previous hundred years”和“Newton put together the ideas that Kepler, Galileo ...had put forth”可知， Feingold 认为牛顿的这本书对之前一百年的作品进行了汇总，整合了开普勒、伽利略、笛卡尔及其他科学家提出的观点。由此可知，这本书兼容并包。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五( )
Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique.It involves explaining what you're learning to others.By teaching what you've learned from memory, you engage in active recall. __13__ It also ensures that you understand the topic, because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it.The technique consists of four repeatable steps.
To begin, choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand. __14__ The more interested you are, the faster you'll grasp it.Moreover, a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged.
__15__ Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five－year－old.If you'd rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience.But it works much better if you use a real person.They'll be able to let you know when something isn't clear.
While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding. __16__ Review your notes, reread books, or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward.
Now that you fully grasp the concept, test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person.This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit.
The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown－ups to learn. __17__ You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else.However, with great efforts in mastering this method, you'll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before.
A．It is mentally demanding.
B．This helps the information stick in your mind better.
C．Teach it to a five－year－old, who would give you direct feedback.
D．Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning.
E．Once you have chosen a topic, you can teach it to someone else.
F．Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning.
G．When this happens, refer back to the original material for the missing pieces.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主理查德·费曼提出的“费曼学习法”。
13．选B　上文提到，通过根据记忆教授你所学的内容，你就能积极回忆。故B项“这有助于信息更好地留在你的脑海中”承接上文，符合语境。
14．选D　下文介绍了兴趣和学习之间的关系：你越感兴趣，就能越快掌握它。此外，一个个人感兴趣的话题会让你保持动力和投入。故D项“你对它的好奇心将决定你的学习进度”衔接下文，符合语境。
15．选E　下文提到：记下要点，用五岁小孩能理解的方式解释。如果你不想真的教别人，你可以把它教给一个想象中的听众。故E项“一旦你选择了一个主题，你就可以把它教给其他人”引起下文，符合语境。
16．选G　上文提到，在教学过程中，你可能会发现自己理解上的差距；下文则说，出现这种情况的解决办法是回顾笔记、重读书籍、寻求外部帮助。故G项“当这种情况发生时，请回到原始材料中查找缺失的部分”承上启下，符合语境。
17．选A　下文提到，你需要积极地思考问题，而不是被动地阅读或听别人说话。故A项“这对思维要求很高”引起下文，符合语境。UNIT 4　课时检测(五)　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
(标语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It's natural to think about what goes into producing the food in your daily lunch bag.But have you ever stopped to consider the production techniques behind the bag itself At the center of it is a woman named Margaret Knight.
From her earliest years, Knight was a restless creator.In the article titled “The Evolution of the Grocery Bag”， its writer mentions a few of her childhood projects.She was “famous for her kites”， and “her sleds were the envy of the town's boys”．
To support her mother, she took a job at a cotton factory when she was 12.That same year she invented a shuttle system which helped to prevent injury.At the time, she had no concept of patenting her idea.What strengthened her place in history was her working experience at the Columbia Paper Bag Company.Here, instead of folding every paper bag by hand, Knight wondered if she might be able to make them cleanly and rapidly via an automated machine.The result was a working model of her elegant paper－folding machine.But this time she wanted to go to the extra step and secure a patent on her creation, a brave move for a woman in the 19th century, when an extremely small percentage of patents were held by women.
Not only did Knight file for a patent, she bravely defended her ownership of the bag machine idea.A man named Charles Annan said the creation was his own, arguing no woman could be able to design such a machine.Knight fought a legal battle against him and handed Annan a courtroom (法庭) defeat by presenting her detailed hand－drawn blueprints.Finally, Knight received her rightful patent in 1871.
After making the machine, she continued to invent many other things like a paper feeding machine and a skirt protector.Knight, at the age of seventy, worked twenty hours a day on 89th invention.
1．Why does the writer mention Knight's childhood projects
A．To introduce a book to readers.
B．To tell us young Knight liked sports.
C．To show Knight was envied by other girls.
D．To show Knight was creative as a child.
2．Which words can best describe Knight
A．Intelligent and generous.
B．Courageous and hard－working.
C．Considerate and optimistic.
D．Independent and determined.
3．What do we know about the paper folding machine
A．It turned out to be slower but safer.
B．It was co－invented by Knight and Annan.
C．It proved Knight's position as an inventor.
D．It was the first machine to be patented by a woman.
4．How is the text mainly developed
A．By following the order of time.
B．By making some comments.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By listing examples.
B
What are scientists They are often described as gray－haired white－coated dull scholars.
But the world has changed.Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the world stage.
This is also true in China.Rising stars include new materials expert Gong Yongji, university professor Liu Mingzhen, and biologist Wang Ruixue.At the age of 28 in 2018, Wang Ruixue received the 2018 Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists.This is a global prize to reward outstanding scientists at an early stage of their careers.
She focuses mainly on biomedicine (生物医学) and artificial intelligence.“Both are cutting－edge (前沿的) technologies at an early stage of development，” she said.
“So, I think they have great potential to be developed.I think in the study of cutting－edge technologies, China and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line.And in the study of structural biology, China is likely to become the leader.”
She felt it was her fate to become a biologist.“I grew interested in the natural world, when I was very young，” she said.In 2009, she entered Sun Yat－sen University.
In her third year at the university, she realized that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine.So she emailed China's top biologist Shi Yigong, hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University.
Shi recognized her talent and welcomed her.Years of efforts at the lab have paid off.Her research on the high－definition 3D structure of spliceosome led to a scientific breakthrough.
Unlike many of other young scientists who choose to pursue further study abroad, Wang currently has no plan to go overseas.
“The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China，” she said, adding the country has great science facilities.
5．What does the underlined word “releasing” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Giving out.　　　　 B．Getting over.
C．Finding out. D．Taking over.
6．What does Wang Ruixue feel about the study of cutting－edge technologies in China
A．Anxious. B．Confident.
C．Disappointed. D．Satisfied.
7．What can we learn about Wang Ruixue's journey of becoming a biologist
A．Her teacher led her into the field.
B．She finds it's easier than she thought.
C．Her contribution has been recognized.
D．She thinks it's boring but worth trying.
8．Which can be the best title of the text
A．China's Breakthrough in Science
B．Rising Young Scientists in China
C．Wang Ruixue: A Successful Young Scientist
D．New Image of Chinese Scientists
C
Isaac Newton's book, the Principia, transformed human understanding of the forces of nature, providing a mathematical basis for the movement of planets, moons, and comets (彗星), as well as objects on Earth. Recently, the known number of first editions of the book has more than doubled, including the first ones found in Asia, according to a new survey. Nearly 200 first editions of the Principia were newly identified in the survey, bringing the total known number to 386. The volumes cover 27 countries on five continents, including Africa and Australia.
Before this new survey, the size of the Principia's first edition had been thought to be small — around 250 — based on a 1953 survey that put the number of copies at 189. That figure partly reflects a long－held idea that the book, formally titled Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, at 500 pages and written in Latin, was virtually incomprehensible outside of a small circle of expert mathematicians.
Behind the pages of the Principia, in which Newton laid out his three laws of motion, is an interesting history that involves the astronomer Edmond Halley and other great figures. Most famous today for the comet that bears his name, Halley sought Newton's input on the shape of planetary orbits, a question that Halley and his colleagues had been puzzling over. Excited by Newton's answer — an ellipse (椭圆), and even more so by a paper he later sent to show his calculations, Halley pushed Newton to write the Principia, then funded its publication and was key to promoting it.
Such a book of knowledge carries great value. “In a sense, the Principia combined all the work that was done for the previous hundred years，” says Mordechai Feingold, a science historian at the California Institute of Technology. “Newton put together the ideas that Kepler, Galileo, Descartes and other scientists had put forth so far as heavenly bodies are concerned and realized that Earth is a planet like any other planet and there's a mutual (相互的) attraction between all those heavenly bodies.”
9．What does the new survey show about first editions of the Principia
A．They failed to be seen in Africa.
B．They were 586 in number in total.
C．They were written in many languages.
D．They reached more audience than thought.
10．How was the Principia traditionally regarded
A．It was not easy to understand.
B．It had fewer and fewer readers.
C．It should be widely promoted.
D．It was written for mathematicians.
11．What interested Halley most according to paragraph 3
A．The comet named after him.
B．Newton's answer to his question.
C．Newton's calculating process.
D．The promotion of the Principia.
12．Which of the following can best describe Newton's work according to Feingold
A．Arguable.　　　　　　 B．Inclusive.
C．Complex. D．Modern.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五()
Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique.It involves explaining what you're learning to others.By teaching what you've learned from memory, you engage in active recall.__13__ It also ensures that you understand the topic, because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it.The technique consists of four repeatable steps.
To begin, choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand. __14__ The more interested you are, the faster you'll grasp it.Moreover, a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged.
__15__ Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five－year－old.If you'd rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience.But it works much better if you use a real person.They'll be able to let you know when something isn't clear.
While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding.__16__ Review your notes, reread books, or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward.
Now that you fully grasp the concept, test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person.This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit.
The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown－ups to learn.__17__ You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else.However, with great efforts in mastering this method, you'll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before.
A．It is mentally demanding.
B．This helps the information stick in your mind better.
C．Teach it to a five－year－old, who would give you direct feedback.
D．Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning.
E．Once you have chosen a topic, you can teach it to someone else.
F．Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning.
G．When this happens, refer back to the original material for the missing pieces.
UNIT 4　课时检测(五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要从购买二手书的经历、重新阅读的意义和不断更新自己的读物等几个方面说明了阅读的重要性和意义。
1．选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I don't search for rare books, first editions, or leather bound editions but books that are worth reading.”可知，作者只寻找值得阅读的书，也就是说作者最看重的是书中精彩的内容。
2．选A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，随着年龄的增加，作者对读书有了更深的理解。
3．选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I abandon a few, later regret my decisions, and look for them again.”以及“These had given me many hours of pleasure.Will I ever open their covers again Certainly.”可推知，作者提到建筑书籍的目的是想用亲身经历说明这些书值得再次阅读。
4．选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“No doubt I will acquire more used books and throw away more books ...”可知，作者将读更多符合他兴趣的书。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奇幻文学对儿童的好处——可以帮助他们克服恐惧，提高解决实际问题的能力。
5．选B　细节理解题。根据第一段尤其是最后两句可知，C.S.Lewis认为成年人不应该做可能吓到孩子的事情。
6．选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But if he is to be frightened, I think St.George, or any bright hero in armor, is a better comfort than the idea of the police.”可知， St.George可能是奇幻小说里一个勇敢的人物。
7．选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He believes that all children have many personal fantasies filled with fears and fantasy stories comfort them and offer solutions.”可知，Bruno Bettelheim认为孩子们要读奇幻故事，因为这能帮助他们克服恐惧，找到解决办法。
8．选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It's believed that reading fantasies quickens the ability to get and put ideas from books to reality.”可知，奇幻文学可以提高一个人解决问题的能力。
[C]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以时间为线索，介绍了美国著名诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特的生平。
9．选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，弗罗斯特去读达特茅斯大学是因为他的祖父母认为他在那里会有更大的成就。
10．选C　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，1901年，弗罗斯特的祖父去世，留下他在新罕布什尔州的一个农场，这使弗罗斯特有可能养活他日益壮大的家庭。
11．选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，1913年，他的第一本书《男孩的遗嘱》出版，这本书的成功使他接触了许多重要的文学人物，包括威廉·叶芝。
12．选B　写作目的题。文章以时间为线索，介绍了著名诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特的一生。由此推知，文章的写作目的是介绍罗伯特·弗罗斯特的生平。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何从你读过的每本书中获得最大的收获。
13．选C　上文说明读书是人生最大的乐趣和学习经历之一，下文提到要探索可行的方法来最大化阅读的好处。故C项“然而，我们中的许多人都很难记住和应用我们读过的东西”承上启下，符合语境。
14．选G　根据段落小标题“Set clear goals before reading”可知，本段主要讲的是阅读前要设定明确的目标，空处应该和设定目标有关。故G项“所以，花点时间思考你希望达到的目标，并让它指导你的阅读过程”呼应小标题，符合语境。
15．选E　上文提到读完一章后要花几分钟用自己的话总结一下，E项“这一做法能加深你的理解，帮助你明确中心主题和思想”解释了上文这么做的好处，符合语境。
16．选F　根据段落小标题“Apply what you've learned”可知，本段主要讲的是把读到的东西加以应用。故F项“运用你读过的东西，可以将理论知识转化为实践智慧”引出下文，符合语境。
17．选A　空处是本段小标题。根据空后的“review previous reads and reflect ... and actions”可知，本段主要讲的是要回顾和反思。故A项“复习和反思”能概括本段主旨，适合作本段小标题。
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