资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
A9
apologize
/ p l. .d a z/ v.
apology/ p l. .d i/ n.
v. apologize to sb for sth
I tried to apologize, but he
just screamed abuse at
me.
n.make an apology to sb for sth
I have an apology to make to you
- I'm afraid I opened your letter by
mistake.
apparent
/ p r. nt/ adj.
apparently
/ p r. nt.li/ adv.
adj. Her unhappiness was apparent to everybody present.
adv. I thought they were
married but apparently
not
appeal/ pi l/ v./n.
appealing
/ pi .l / adj.
v. appeal to
（食物的吸引力）
1)appeal court
尤指为了改变法律或官方裁决而）
诉请裁决，提出异议，申诉
He denied all the charges at the
court and appealed to the
Supreme Court for fair verdict .
The parents appealed against
the school's decision not
to admit the child.
2) appeal to sb
The police are appealing to the
public for any information
about the missing girl.
3) appeal to sb
Does this piece of music appeal
to you？
n.The police have issued an
appeal to the public to stay away
from the area over the weekend.
He won his appeal and the
sentence was halved.
This used to be a marvellous
hotel but it has lost its appeal
in recent years.
adj.She has a child-like innocence
which I find very appealing.
Chinese cartoons are not very
appealing.I like American
cartoons.
appendix/ pen.d ks/ n.
1) have one’s appendix out
I slept all day after I had my appendix out
(=removed).
2)an appendix to....
There's an appendix at the end
of the book with a list of dates.
For a list of committee members'
names and contact details, see
appendix B.
appendicitis
/ pen.d sa .t s/
n.Surgical treatment of acute
appendicitis is a highly
successful medical
intervention.
appetite / p. .ta t/ n.
appetizer/ p. .ta .z r/ n.
n.
1)Exercise will improve your
appetite for food..
2)whet one’s appetite for sth
吊某人的胃口 (引起兴趣)
She gave him just enough information to whet his
appetite.
n.
applaud/ pl d/ v.
applause/ pl z/ n.
v.
1)You should have heard the
audience applaud - the
noise was fantastic.
2)We applaud the family’s
decision to remain silent on the
delicate issue.
n. It was several minutes
before the applause died
down.
apply/ pla / v.
application
/ p.l ke . n/ n.
applicant
/ p.l .k nt/ n.
v. apply for sth…….
apply to do sth
apply to sb for sth
v.I've applied for a new job with the local newspaper.
n. an application form
an application letter
Unfortunately, my application
for a poverty scholarship
was refused .
n. How many applicants did you
have for the job
And I actually interviewed a very promising applicant just today.
apply/ pla / v.
application / p.l ke . n/ n.
appliance/ pla . ns/ n.
v.apply sth to sth
apply to sb
1)apply theory to practice
The new technology was applied to farming .
2)The book does not apply to
beginners.
That part of the form is for UK
citizens - it doesn't apply to you.
3)apply yourself (to doing sth)
把自己全部应用到做某事上：
全身心的投入------努力做某事
You could pass the test if you apply yourself.
If you apply yourself to the job, it will soon be over.
4)涂，抹，敷
Apply the cream liberally
to exposed areas every three
hours and after swimming.
The paint should be applied
thinly and evenly.
n.
1)APP:application software
The invention would have wider application in industry and
agriculture.
The new laws have (a) particular
application to the self-employed.
Regular application of
the cream should reduce
swelling within 24 hours.
n. domestic /household appliances
electric appliances
Are all of the kitchen appliances
included in the price of
the house
appoint / p nt/ v.
appointment
/ p nt.m nt/ n.
v.
1)Everybody was assembled
at the appointed time.
2) appoint sb (as) sth
It made sense to appoint a
banker to this job..
n.
1)make an appointment with sb
cancel the appointment with sb
miss the appointment with sb
by appointment
I'd like to make an appointment
with Dr Evans, please.
House for sale, two bedrooms
. Viewing by appointment only.
That's the second appointment
he's missed.
区分:appointment与 date 见后面
the appointment as +职位
appointment letter
His new appointment as senior
lecturer.
appreciate
/ pri . i.e t/ v.
appreciative adj.
/ pri . .t v/
appreciation
/ pri . i e . n/ n.
depreciate
/d pri . i.e t/ v.
depreciative
depreciation
/d pri . i e . n/ n.
v.
In time you'll appreciate
the beauty and subtlety of this
language.
Peter stood by me when I
most needed it. I'll
always appreciate that..
we didn’t fully appreciate
how serious that he was
ill.
Their investment have
appreciated over the
years.
v.
The demand for foreign
currency depreciates
I have no intention of
depreciating your
contributions for our
company . But shouldn’t
We allow the past go
past
adj.
I'm very appreciative of all the support you've given me.
It's nice to have an appreciative audience
n. Children rarely show any
appreciation of/for what their
parents do for them.
I'd like to give this bottle of wine
as a mark of appreciation for
all the work you've done for us.
n. Expenses include depreciation of equipment as well as business
insurance.
‘Appointment’ 与 ‘Date’
如果你分不清区别，是要闹笑话的！
1. 起源：追溯根源
Appointment（预约）：
起源于拉丁语词汇 'appunctuamentum'，意为“一项协议”，在中古英语中演变为 'appointement'，意指双方的共同安排。这一历史背景强调了其正式和约定的性质。
Date（约会）：
源自拉丁语单词 ‘data’，意为“给定”，最初指特定时间给出或约定的事物。随着时间的推移，它演变为指一个设定时间的社交会面，尤其是在浪漫的背景下。
2. 现代英语中的使用
Appointment（预约）：
用于专业或正式的背景下，指预先安排的会面。它强调目的、时间，通常还包括一个具体地点。例如，“I have a doctor’s appointment at 10 AM”
（我早上10点有个看医生的预约），或者 “We have an appointment with our clients next Monday”
（下周一我们和客户有个预约）。
Date（约会）：在现代用法中，date通常指个人之间的社交会面，经常含有浪漫的暗示。它表明了个人互动，并且可以是非正式或正式的。例如，
“We have a date this Friday at the new Italian restaurant”（我们这周五在新开的意大利餐厅有个约会），或者 “Their dinner date turned into a long walk by the beach”
（他们的晚餐约会变成了沙滩上的漫长散步）。
3. 情境示例和文化细节
理解这些术语的文化细节在使用上至关重要。'Appointment（预约）' 通常要求准时并准备与议程相关的事项。另一方面，'date（约会）' 可能带有个人仪容的期待，选择合适的场所，并对时间和交谈采取更放松的态度。
在专业邮件中，可以说，“Please let me know a suitable time for our appointment”（请告知我们预约的合适时间）。
在个人消息中，可以问，“Are you free this weekend for a date ”（这周末你有空出来约会吗？）
5. 下面的会话不仅幽默，而且信息量很大！
A Conversation between David and Lily
David and Lily are sitting in a café, sipping their coffees. David looks confused as he glances at his phone.
David: Lily, I'm a bit puzzled here. I just read an article about the words "appointment" and "date." They sound similar to me, but apparently, they're quite different.
Lily (smiling): Oh, that's an easy one. Think of it this way: if you're meeting your boss, that's an appointment. If you're meeting me for coffee, well, that's a date.
David: So, when I had a dentist appointment last week, that was a date
Lily (laughing): Only if you and your dentist have a more exciting relationship than I'm aware of! Appointments are for formal stuff. Dates are more... personal.
David: Got it. So, our meeting next Friday to discuss the project, is that an appointment or a date
Lily: Technically, it's an appointment. But if you bring pizza and your charming smile, I might just consider it a date!
David (grinning): Ah, so the secret ingredient to turning appointments into dates is pizza!
Lily: Well, that and the company. Remember, it's not just about the activity, it's about the people and the purpose.
David: I see. So, when I asked you to grab coffee today, was I asking for a date
Lily: David, if you have to ask, then it's definitely an appointment!
They both laugh as they continue their coffee.
A10
approach
/ pr t / n. / v.
approachable
/ pr .t .b l/ adj.
unapproachable adj.
强基计划
n. an approach to (doing) sth
（接近）一个人的（方法），（路线）
1)时间：临近，
at the approach of winter
Many kinds of birds fly south at
the approach of winter.
2)有目的：接近某人，接触某人..
make an approach to sb to do sth
The hospital is making
approaches to local businesses
in their bid to raise money.
adopt a new approach to...
=adopt a new method to...
Since our research so far has not
produced any answers to this
problem, we need to adopt a
different approach to it.
4)an approach to the airport
It is a new approach to the
international airport.
v.
1)approach the lunchtime
With exams approaching,
it's a good idea to review
your class notes.
2)approach sb for sth
She approached the bank
for loan .
3)approach the problem
What’s the best way of
approaching the
problem？
adj.
(回顾：accessible adj.)
inaccessible adj.
Graham's always very
approachable - why don't you talk
the problem over with him
It's one of the few lakeside
villages approachable
by car.
As a boss, I found him rather
unapproachable.
one of the most inaccessible
places in the world.
appropriate
/ pr .pri. t/ adj. appropriateness n.
Inappropriate
/ n. pr .pri. t/ adj. inappropriateness n.
adj. Is this film appropriate
for small children
I think it would be inappropriate
(for you) to invite her to a party
so soon after her husband's
death.
n.
appropriate
/ pr .pri.e t/v. appropriation
/ pr .pri e . n/ n.
V.非法用钱：挪用，盗用，侵吞
合法用钱：拨款
1)He lost his job when he was found to have appropriated some of the
company's money.
2)The government have
appropriated millions of pounds
for the project.
n.commercial appropriation
商业挪用、盗用
Cultural appropriation
文化挪用，盗用
The committee approved an
appropriation of 10,000.
Theft is the dishonest
appropriation of another person's
property.
approve/ pru v/ v.
approval/ pru .v l/ n.
←→disapprove/ d s. pru v/ v.
disapproval / d s. pru .v l/ n.
reject /r d ekt/ v.
rejection /r d ek. n/ n.
v.
1)approve of (doing )sth
（老百姓）赞成，同意
disapprove of (doing)sth
She thought for a moment
and then approved of his
suggestion .
I disapprove of all the
violence that is shown
on television.
2)approve +n.
（官方）批准，核准，认可
We have three suppliers in all
who are approved by the
Organic Farm Food
Association.
n. Sam always tried hard to win his father's approval.
Unfortunately although
they said nothing, she could
sense their disapproval of her
suggestion.
v. When she was sent to
boarding school, she felt
as though her parents had
rejected her.
n.I've applied for ten jobs, but I've had ten rejections letters.
approximate
/ pr k.s .m t/ adj./v.
approximately adv.
adj. approximate time of arrival
approximate cost
Can you give me the
approximate value of
the gold watch
adv. China is the world's most
populous country with a
population of 1.1 billion,
Which makes up
approximately a quarter of
the world population.
v. The newspaper reports of the
discussion only roughly
approximated to what was
actually said.
apron / e .pr n/ n.
1)She put on her apron and went to the kitchen.
Don’t worry about your white
shirt , young lady, we are
offering every eater one
apron during your enjoyment
of our hot pot.
2)The helicopter is waiting on the apron.
Study on How To Operate and
Control Apron Services When
Flights Delayed
aquarium
/ kwe .ri. m/ n.
(plural aquariums
or aquaria UK
/ kwe .ri. / US
/ kwer.i. /
The aquarium's mission is to
inspire conservation of the
oceans.
Consequently, they are extremely
popular for home aquaria.
词根：aqua:与水有关
aquatic / kw t. k/ adj.
水生的，水上的
aquatic plants /
aquatic sports
aquarium / kwe .ri. m/ n.
水族馆，金鱼缸
3)aquaculture
/ k.w .k l.t r/ n.
水产养殖
The survey is based on 42
towns where the aquaculture
industry is located.
4)Aquarius / kwe .ri. s/ n.
水瓶座
宝瓶宫（黄道第11宫）;出生于宝瓶宫时段（即1月21日至2月19日之间）的人
There is a lone bright star at the bottom end of Aquarius.
5)aqua-lung / k.w .l /
水肺 （潜水呼吸器）
6)aquaphobia / k.w f .bi. /
恐水症
You may have aquaphobia if
you find that a swimming pool, a lake, or even a bathtub
causes you excessive anxiety.
Arab / r. b/n./ adj.
Arabic / r. .b k/ n.
arbitrary/ ɑ .b .tr r.i/ adj.
(人的性格）
专横的，武断的
(人的行为)
任意的，随心的，随意的
1) arbitrary rule :专横统治，专制
（slavery , tyranny, life and death)
an arbitrary ruler
an arbitrary power of the officials.
2)arbitrary decision making
arbitrary choosing
arbitrary arrangement
The garden isn't planned at all - we tend to just plant things in an
arbitrary way.
arch /ɑ t / n. / v.
n.The abbey修道院 is known
for its majestic arches,
fine doorways and elegant
windows.
v. Don't arch your back, keep your
spine straight.
The cats would arch its back and
straightened its fur when
they felt scared or threatened.
词根arch--首要的，主要的
an arch-criminal
an arch-enemy
an arch-opponent
arch-villain
/ ɑ t v l. n/ 大魔头
archaeology
/ ɑ .ki l. .d i/ n.
archaeologist
(US also archeologist)
/ ɑ .ki l. .d st/ n.
n. Daniel is very interested
in history and
archaeology,and often
visits historic sites.
n. She wanted to be an
archaeologist and took
part in several digs
in her youth.
archery [ ɑ t ri] n.
..a traditional national festival of
horse racing, wrestling and
archery.
architect
/ ɑ .k .tekt/ n.
architecture
/ ɑ .k .tek.t r/ n.
architectural adj.
注意：arch 与architecture 关系
古希腊的建筑是以column柱子为代表，而发展到古罗马时期，人们认为柱子遮挡实现，于是古罗马人发明了arch拱，而以arch 为代表的房子叫做
architecture 建筑，而会玩arch拱的
人叫做architect建筑师。
n. The architect showed us the
house plans that she had drawn
up.
n. Almost every visitor to
Edinburgh is seduced by its
splendid architecture.
adj.architectural drawings
建筑图纸
a building of architectural interest
具有建筑学价值的大楼
area / e .ri. / n.
1)a poor area
a children’s play area
a remote area
2)Marketing is paul’s area.
argue/ ɑ ɡ.ju / v.
argument
/ ɑ ɡ.j .m nt/ n.
v. argue 短语：
1)argue with sb about /over sth
The newly- married couple
always argue with each
other about/ over the
concern about
money .
2)argue for sb / sth
argue against sb/ sth
Under the background of
trade globalization, The
Trump administration argue
for trade protectionism.
Even so, how could people
argue against eating more
fruits and vegetables
3)argue sb into doing sth
argue sb out of doing sth
They argued him into
joining the NGO(Non-
Government Organization).
They argued him out of
adopting the disabled boy
from the orphanage.
4) I argue that 从句
The lawyers argue that they
need more time to review
the case file before they
come to a consensus
conclusion.
n. Don't drag me into your
argument! It's nothing
to do with me.
n.
1)A decision was finally made after
some heated argument.
We had a dreadful argument in
the restaurant, but he phoned me
the next day to apologize.
2)I don't think that's a very
strong/convincing/powerful argument. The central argument (= main
point) of the book is that some of
the plays were not written by
Shakespeare.
arise v.
(arise ---arose---arisen )
1)When I arose from the chair, my
father and Eleanor's father were in
deep conversation.
We arose early on Christmas
morning.
2)question arises
chance arises
conflict arises
Should the opportunity arise, I’d
love to get back to China.
3)arise from/ out of sth/sb
Accidents often arise from
carelessness.
Emotional or mental problems
can arise from a physical cause.
arithmetic [ r θm t k]
algebra [ ld br ]
geometry [d i m tri]
mental arithmetic
I did some quick mental
arithmetic and decided it was
going to cost too much.
We will need the following
elementary fact from algebra.
The laws of geometry
arrange / re nd / v.
arrangement
/ re nd .m nt/ n.
v. arrange sth
arrange for sb to do sth
= make an arrangement for sb to do sth
1)She will try to arrange a
convenient time and place
for an interview
The hotel manager will arrange
for a babysitter to take care of
the baby while you are at
meeting.
2)排列，布置
She arranged her birthday cards
along the shelf.
3)改编
Beethoven's fifth symphony has
Been arranged for the piano.
n. I will make arrangements for you to be met at the airport.
arrest/ rest/ v. / n.
v.
1)The burglars have been arrested but the jewellery is still missing.
2)arrest = stop
They failed to arrest the
company’s further
decline.
3)arrest = attract
arrest one’s attention
arrest one’s eyes
n. 1)under arrest
She was stopped
outside the shop and
placed/put under arrest.
2)hear /cardiac attack
心脏病发作
heart /cardiac failure
心脏衰竭
heart /cardiac arrest
心脏骤停
arrive v.
arrival / ra .v l/ n.
v. arrive +adv./ prep.
It was dark by the time we
arrived at the station.
n. on arrival of...
On arrival at the police
station, they were taken to
an interview room.
I was flicking idly through a
newspaper while awaiting the
arrival of orange juice and
coffee...
He celebrated the arrival of the
New Year with a party for his
friends.
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