资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
A11
article/ ɑ .t .k l/ n.
1)write an article
articles of confederation
联邦章程
She has written articles for
several women's
magazines.
2)articles of value
an article of clothing
articles of furniture
Guests are advised not to leave
any articles of value in their hotel
rooms.
An article of clothing was found
near the river.
3)definite / def. .n t/
article :the
indefinite / n def. .n t/
article :a/an
artificial / ɑ .t f . l/ adj.
artificially adv.
artificiality
/ ɑ .t f .i l. .ti/
1)AI:(Artificial intelligence )
artificial flowers
an artificial lake
an artificial leg
an artificial heart
2)artificial smile
It is gross! Artificial smile is on
her ugly wrinkled face.
adv.They are keeping their prices
artificially low.
n.The artificiality of the building
design reflects the fact that this is
not a natural environment.
as / z/ / z/
1)as引导的时间状语从句，可以表达：正当，一边．．一边．．，随着等意
思
As the sun rose the fog
Disappeared.
They strolled into the garden as
the music ceased.
Just as he was speaking there
was a loud explosion
As she sang , tears ran down her
cheeks
2)as...as...
not.....as/ so.....as.....
I don’t think James is as nice as
you think he is.
The result is not as tragic as you imagined.
3)as....as possible
Please come as soon as possible.
4)as a matter of fact
=in fact
I don’t work , as a matter of fact ,
I’ve never had a job.
5)as a result
as a result of
=because of
Profits have declined as a result
of the recent drop in sales.
6)as a whole
The population as a whole is
getting healthier.
7)as against
与。。。。对照
与。。。比较
He earns $80,000 a year, as
against my $40,000.
8)as well as..（参考A13最后）
It is important for you as well
as for me.
I will answer for my wife as well
as myself.
9)may as well do sth
we may as well get our job
finished first.
10)as long as...
As long as you tell the truth, I will try to help you.
11)do as I say
do as the Romans do
Now do as I say or there will be consequences.
In order to" Do as the Romans
do", we had better learn
something about other cultures.
12)as if / as though
You look as though you've been
running a marathon!
They stared at me as if I was
crazy.
13)as to / as for
As to where we'll get the money
from, we'll talk about that later.
As for food for the party, that's all being taken care of.
(as 综合用法参考最后面）
scend :ascend /
descend/
transcend
ascend / send/v.
ascendant adj.
ascent / sent/n.
ascension/ sen. n/n.
刺客信条：权势
v. ascend the throne
They slowly ascended the steep
path up the mountain.
He eventually ascended to the
position of chief executive.
adj. in the ascendant
步步高升，飞黄腾达，占据优势
He was very much in the
ascendant in the Hollywood.
Construction of digital city is in
the ascendant.
n. She made her first successful
ascent of Everest last year.
We struggled up the slippery
ascent.
His ascent to power was rapid
and unexpected.
n. Ascension Day
耶稣升天节
（复活节后的第六个星期四）
His daughter's ascension to the
speakership, a first for a woman
, is a matter of great pride for
him.
The Executive Committee put the
brakes on Jones' ascension to
the top job.
反义词：
descend /d send/ v.
descent /d sent/ n.
descendant n.
V.
Ahead were clear signs of a path,
descending into a valley.
The audience applauded wildly
as the curtain descended on the stage.
A feeling of despair descended
(on us) as we realized that we
were lost.
n.
The plane began (to make) its
final descent into the airport.
We weren't prepared for the
descent of thousands of
journalists on the town.
She's a woman of mixed/French
descent.
n..While "ascension" refers to
rising stars, astronomers once
also used "descensions" to
describe setting stars.
n.he has no his own descendants.
引申：
transcend /tr n send/ v.
transcendence /tr n sen.d ns/n.
transcendent adj.
(超出一切的）超常的，卓越的
v.
电影：超验骇客
The best films are those which
transcend national or cultural
barriers.
The underlying message of the
film is that love transcends
everything else.
n.
She felt a blissful sense of
transcendence and freedom
from pain and fear.
I have a need for creative
transformation and transcendence.
adj.transcendent power/
beauty
/love
至高无上的权力／
无与伦比的美／
超越一切的爱
256.ash / / n.
1) cigarette ash
black volcanic ash
reduce to ashes
化为灰烬
白蜡树，白蜡木
aside 短语结构
1)cast aside
踢开，丢弃，抛弃
（不再有用的人或物）
A wife who shared her husband's
hard lot must never be cast aside.
糟糠之妻不下堂。
2)lay aside
put aside
set aside
把…放在一边；
储存…以备后用
They agreed to lay aside their
differences for the good of their
families.
Put aside this question for a
moment.
Most Chinese people will lay
aside money/put aside money/ set
aside money for a rainy day.
3)move aside
移动在一边
Can you move aside, I want to get past.
4)push aside
推到一边
We just push it aside and put it in a corner
7)step aside
站一边，让开
Please step aside, my children!
you are holding me up.
8)turn aside
转身，转过来
Turn aside to your left or right.
Asia / e . /n.
Asian / e . n/n./ adj.
258.shame n. /v.
ashamed / e md/ adj.
shameful(主语为sth) adj.
←→shameless adj.
电视剧：无耻之徒
n.
1)shame on you .(口）
The kids bowed their heads
in shame.
You can’t go out dressed
like that--Have you no
shame
2)what a shame
What a shame that you
couldn't go to the party.
A:Doglas had to miss the
concert because he was
badly ill.
B:Oh, what a shame.
v.The behaviour of a few
children has shamed the
whole school.
It shames me that I treated her so badly.
adj.Only those who have no sense
of shame can do such shameful
things.
adj. Sb be ashamed of (doing) sth
Sb be ashamed to do sth
Sb be ashamed that
I feel ashamed of myself for
being so angry all of a
sudden .
aspect/ s.pekt/ n.
spec为词根,与“看”有关：
1)aspect / s.pekt/ n.
a+spect=看到的一个--方面
2)inspect / n spekt/ v.
In+spect=往里面看--仔细检查
视杳，检阅
respect /r spekt/ v. / n.
re+spect=
re+spect--回头看--因为尊重
值得回头再看的人就是你尊重的人
spectator /spek te .t r/ n.
Spect+ator=看客--观众，
spectacle / spek.t .k l/ n.
Spect+cle=看呆了--壮观场面
spectacles n.
眼镜
prospect / pr s.pekt/ n
Pro+spect=朝前看--前景，展望
retrospect / ret.r .spekt/ n.
retro+spect=往后看--回顾
8)Perspective /p spek.t v/ n.
Per+spect+ive=
往深处看，看透--透视法
（思考问题的）角度，观点，想法
1)if you are worried about some
aspect of your child's health, call
us.
2)Will spectators please stay
behind the rail
3)The carnival was a
magnificent spectacle.
4)a pair of spectacles
5)She's hoping the course will
improve her career prospects.
6)In retrospect,I think my
marriage was doomed from
the beginning.
7) Her attitude lends a fresh
perspective to the subject.
assess/ ses/ v.
assessment/ ses·m nt/ n.
v. Exams are not the only means of assessing a student's ability.
n. I think it may take some time before we could get an accurate assessment.
semble词根释义：
来自拉丁语的sembl 意为
same,equal。指相同，类似
词例：
1.semblance / sem.bl ns/
n.相似
The city has now returned to
some semblance of normality
after last night's celebrations.
2.resemble v. /r zem.b l/v.
相似，想象，相似点 *re(=again)
resemblance n.
There was a clear family
resemblance between all the
brothers.
3.dissemble /d sem.b l/v.
（使不一样dis(=not) +
sembl(=same)）
不像--只有伪装了
vt. 隐藏，伪装
dissembler n.伪善者，伪君子
He dissembled when he claimed to
be sick.
assemble v.
as表强调，朝向+semble相似
--朝着同一个方向去--集合，聚集
assembly n.
Avengers---assemble
复仇者们---集结起来
The united nations general
assembly
反义词：
disassemble v.
dis表否定+assemble --
不用集结--解散，拆散
disassembly n.
disassemble the old TV
the disassembly of the nuclear
weapons
261.assemble / sem.b l/v.
disassemble
/ d s. sem.b l/ v.
（人员）集合--解散
（家具）组装--拆解
v.
1)assemble the furniture
cut and assemble
切割与组装
This is where the car
engines are assembled.
2)assemble data
We assembled in the meeting room for the announcement.
v.
1) This video shows you how to disassemble a television set.
2)The concert ended and the crowd disassembled.
262.assembly / sem.bli/ n.
disassembly n.
1)（尤指为特定目的而经常）
聚集在一起的人，
（所有）与会者；集合，聚集
（韩国、法国等的）国会；
（汽车等零件的）组装；
（军队的）集合号 *as National Assembly 国会
unlawful assembly 非法集会
the United Nations General
Assembly联合国大会
assembly hall 会场；
assembly line （工厂产品的）
装配线
n. the disassembly of the nuclear weapons
262.assign / sa n/ v. assignment
/ sa n.m nt/ n.
(参考sign词根）
v.
1)assign the task
布置任务
assign homework
布置家庭作业
assign property
分配财产
2)assign the date
确定日期
Have you assigned a day for the interviews yet
3)assign the accident to....
将事故归因于
The report assigned the blame for the accident to
inadequate safety
regulations.
n.1)Reading assignment
school assignments
2)He took this award-winning photograph while on assignment in the Middle East.
He fell in love with the area after being there on assignment for National Geographic in the 1950s.
the assignment of tasks
任务的分配
引申：
reassign/ ri . sa n/ v.
reassignment
/ ri . sa n.m nt/
v.
再分配，再指定
重新分配，重新指定
They will be reassigned to other duties in the department.
The case was then reassigned to a new judge.
做变性手术
The applicant must provide a birth or citizenship certificate in their reassigned gender.
n. the reassignment of power
Our department deals with the reassignment of personnel.
There are 1,000 male-to-female gender reassignments annually.
assist / s st/ v.
assistance/ s s.t ns/ n. assistant / s s.t nt/
n. / adj.
v. assist sb to do sth
assist sb in/with sth
Migrating birds make use of airstreams to assist them on their long journey south.
The company said it would assist workers in finding new jobs.
n.
1) be of assistance to sb
Can I be of any assistance (= can I help), madam
2)with the assistance of sth
The operation on the AIDS patient was carried out with the assistance of the AI robot.
n. She got a job as a shop assistant selling the world-famous handbags.
adj. assistant referee
assistant manager
assistant attorney assistant professor
262.associate v.
/ s .si.e t/ / so . i.e t/
association
/ s .si e . n/ n.
1)associate A with B
be associated with ....
Children always associate the nurses with injection and pain.
Some side effect can be associated with the influenza vaccination.
2)associate with sb
I don't want my children
associating with drug addicts and alcoholics.
n.
1)close association
He has been kept a close association with the U.S. Colleges.
2)
---引申:
dissociate /d s . i.e t/v.
dissociation
/d s . i e . n/n.
v. dissociate A from B
I can't dissociate the man
from his political opinions - they're one and the same thing.
Almost the first lesson they learn is how to dissociate emotion from reason.
n.
1)A movement grew, demanding dissociation from the war and
for Britain to withdraw political support.
心理学：分离, 分裂(精神)
263.associate
/ s .si. t/ US
/ so . i. t/adj.
associate professor
associate editor
associate minister
associate director
注意： assistant professor
associate professor
美国大学里的教授通常分为三个级别：
教授（professor或full professor）、
副教授（associate professor）、
助理教授（assistant professor）。
那么professor，
associate professor和
assistant professor
有什么区别呢？不懂了吧！
一般来讲，教授和副教授已获得终身教职（tenure）。而助理教授无tenure，必须首先从事几年的教学科研，才有资格争取“终身教职”。助理教授在任职资格方面，一般必须具有博士学位。除讲授课程之外，可以招收硕士、博士研究生，或者招收博士后。除了不具备终身教职资格和薪水较少之外，其职责和要求等方面与副教授相差不多。从本质上讲，助理教授是教授系列中
264.associate / s . i. t/ n.
n. 伙伴，同事，朋友
a business associate
A close associate of mine
sume :assume / presume v.
assume/ sju m/ v.
assumption/ s mp. n/ n.
assuming conj.
v. 1)I assume .....
Let’s assume.....
She was young and she was wearing student-type clothes so I assumed she was studying here.
2)assume innocence
assume indifference
assume the identity
3)assume office 就职
assume the responsibilities
n. It was impossible to make any assumptions about people’s reactions to the news.
Her assumption of the office are welcome by everybody.
conj. Even assuming that smokers do see the health warnings, I doubt they'll take any notice.
Assuming (that) he's still alive, how old would he be now
v. presume /pr zju m/ v.
presumption
/pr z mp. n/ n.
1)（提前）推定，假定
You are Dr Smith, I presume
In British law, you are presumed innocent until you are proved guilty.
冒昧（做），擅（做）;
越权行事
I don't wish to presume, but
don't you think you should
apologize to her
恕我冒昧，但你难道不觉得应该向
她道歉吗？
n. There is no scientific evidence to support such presumptions.
“假如”也要分场合！用错了可不行！
今天区分assume and presume
首先，这两个词语都有 “假设、假定” 的意思，但 “assume” 指 “在毫无依据的情况下作出的假定”，这很可能是错误的判断。
而 “presume” 则表示 “假定、认定”，它强调一个看法是基于证据或可能性而推断得出的。
下面我们就来说说 “assume” 和 “presume” 之间的细微差别。
我们先来听两个例句，分别使用了 “assume” 和 “presume” 来表达 “我想您就是周女士了。”
I assume you’re Ms Zhou.
I presume you’re Ms Zhou.
第一个句子 “I assume you’re Ms Zhou.” 用 “assume” 来表示说话者在没有任何依据的情况下假定、猜测面前的人就是周女士。
而第二个句子 “I presume you’re Ms Zhou.” 用 “presume” 强调根据说话者的推断，面前的这位女士应该就是周女士。
所以，如果两个素未谋面的人约好了在某个地点见面，而说话人在这个地方只看到了一个人，从而推断她是周女士，就应该用 “presume”。
我们再举一个例子，在下面的句子中，说话人不小心扔掉了对方的稿子，后来发现别人还要用，所以这样道歉：
Sorry that I’ve thrown away your scripts - I assumed you didn’t want them any more.
Sorry that I’ve thrown away your scripts - I presumed you didn’t want them any more.
这两句话的区别，你听出来了吗？如果扔掉他人的稿子这一行为是有依据的，就用 “presume”。
比如，同事可能已经用过这份稿子了，那么在这种情况下，就应该说：I presumed you didn’t want them any more. 我推想你不需要再用这些稿子了。
但是，如果说话人没有过多考虑，仅凭猜测，想当然地扔掉了别人的稿子，那么就应该说：I assumed you didn’t want them any more. 我以为你不需要再用这些稿子了。
所以，要表示 “毫无根据地假定、臆想” 就应该用 “assume”；表示 “基于一定可能性或证据作出的假定”，就用 “presume”。
再举一个例子，先听例句，句子的意思是 “别以为你能蒙混过关。”
Don’t assume you can get away with it.
这里，不能说：Don’t presume you can get away with it. 因为单词 “presume” 不能表示 “想当然、以为…”。
好了，希望通过我们的讲解，大家能对 “assume” 和 “presume” 这两个词之间的主要区别有了了解。
“assume” 通常指 “在毫无依据的情况下作出假设”，这很可能是错误的判断。
而 “presume” 多表示 “推定，认定”，它强调 “基于证据或可能性而得出的看法”。
sure /
assure/
reassure/
ensure=insure v.
sure / r/ US / r/
adj. / adv.
adj.
be sure to do sth
be sure of / about (doing) sth
be sure that ...
make sure that ...
for sure
I want to go somewhere where
we're sure to have good
weather.
He said that he wasn't completely
sure of his facts.
Make sure you lock the door
when you go out.
One thing's for sure - once the
baby's born, your lives will never be the same again.
I feel absolutely sure (that) you've made the right decision.
We arrive early to be sure of
getting a good seat.
be sure of oneself
非常自信
She's become much more sure of
herself since she got a job.
adv.
1)people sure change
"Will you help me with this "
"Sure I will."
2)（对别人表示感谢时的回应）没问题
"Thanks for helping us out." "Sure, any time."
assure / r/v.
assurance
/ .r ns/ US
/ r. ns/
1)assure sb of ...
assure sb that ....
Breaking your leg isn't funny , I can assure you.
The unions assured the new owners of the workers' loyalty to the company.
She assured me that my fears were baseless.
2)you can rest assured that ..
你放心。。。
You can rest assured that
I shall be there as promised.
"Rest assured, Mrs. Cooper" said the police officer. "We will find your son for you."
n. She gave me her assurance
(that) she would sign the
contract immediately.
Despite assurances that the
vaccine was safe, many
parents chose to ignore
government advice.
reassure / ri . r/
US / ri . r/
reassurance
/ ri . .r ns/
US / ri . r. ns/
v. reassure sb =rest assured
re+assure
再次保证：
使放心，使安心，使安慰
I was nervous on my first day at college, but I was reassured to see some
friendly faces.
He reassured people that
law-abiding citizens would have nothing to fear from the enquiries.
n.I felt I couldn't cope with the situation and was in desperate need of some reassurance.
ensure / n r/v.
insurance
/ n .r ns, n .r ns/
v. The role of the police is
to ensure (that) the law is obeyed.
The airline is taking steps
to ensure safety on its aircraft.
n.When my bike was stolen , I
claimed on my insurance
astonish / st n. / v.
astonishment n.
/ st n. .m nt/
astonished adj.
astonishing adj.
v.What astonished me was that he
didn't seem to mind.
I was astonished by how much
she'd grown.
adj. Ellen's familiarity with pop
music is astonishing.
n. To one’s astonishment
in astonishment
To the astonishment of her
colleagues, she resigned.
以astro为词根：
astro 与星星有关
astrology / str l. .d i/ n.
astronomy/ str n. .mi/n. astronomer
/ str n. .m r/ n.
astronaut / s.tr .n t/n.
astrophysics
/ s.tr f z. ks/ n.
astronaut
astronomer
271.athlete/ θ.li t/ n.
athletic / θ let. k/adj.
athletics / θ let. ks/ n.
田径运动，体育运动
n. Which professional athlete do you adore, Yao Ming or Liu
Xiang
adj.
1)athletic facilities
Kobe is much closer to Jordan
in athletic explosion and body
control.
2)athletic build
He looks very athletic
n.Girls who participate in high
school athletics are more likely to
graduate than those who don’t.
We love to watch the Olympics -
especially the athletics
注意：ethnic/ eθn k/adj./ n.
ethnic minority
ethnic cleansing
If political and ethnic problems are
not resolved the situation could
become uncontrollable.
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