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Unit3 Environmental Protection
Grammar:Direct speech & indirect speech
上
Learning objectives
To discuss differences between direct speech and indirect speech and learn the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech.
To practise changing direct speech into indirect speech in real situation.
To conduct a survey about environmental action to practise reporting using indirect speech.
Look at the sentences in both columns and discuss the differences between each pair. Summarise the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech.
The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
The expert said, “From the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.”
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die out because of climate change ”
The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.
The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction ”
The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.
“Let’s work together to stop climate change,” the expert said.
The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
What are different between the two sentences
How does the punctuation change in each sentence
How does the tense change in each sentence
Why should we change the verbs sometimes
In what situations should we use the indirect speech
一、概念回顾
直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，放在引号内。
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，不作直接引用，无引号，多为宾语从句。
二、注意事项
1. 人称变化：一随主，二随宾，三不变
一随主：直接引语中的第一人称，随主句主语变
例：He said, “I am tired.”
→ He said that he was tired.
二随宾：直接引语中的第二人称，随主句宾语变
例：She said to me, “You are right.”
→ She told me that I was right.
三不变：第三人称不变化
例：He said, “She is a teacher.”
→ He said that she was a teacher.
二、注意事项
2. 时态变化（主句为一般过去时，引语时态倒退一步）
一般现在时 → 一般过去时
例：He said, “I like apples.” → He said that he liked apples.
现在进行时 → 过去进行时
例：She said, “I am reading.” → She said that she was reading.
一般将来时 → 过去将来时（will → would）
例：He said, “I will go.” → He said that he would go.
现在完成时 → 过去完成时
例：She said, “I have finished.” → She said that she had finished.
一般过去时 → 过去完成时
例：He said, “I saw her.” → He said that he had seen her.
二、注意事项
时态不变的两种情况（必考）
① 主句为现在时/现在完成时，时态不变
例：He says, “I am happy.” → He says that he is happy.
② 引语为客观真理、自然规律，时态永远不变
例：The teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
→ The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
二、注意事项
3. 时间、地点、指示词变化
变化项目 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this that
these those
时间状语 today, tonight that day, that night
this week/month… that week / month …
yesterday the day before
ten days /weeks…ago ten days /weeks…before
tomorrow/next year… the next day/year…
地点状语 here there
方向性动词 come go
bring take
二、注意事项
4. 句式结构变化
陈述句：用 that 引导（可省），语序不变
一般疑问句：用 if / whether 引导，变陈述语序
例：He asked, “Do you like English ”
→ He asked if/whether I liked English.
特殊疑问句：保留疑问词，变陈述语序
例：She asked, “Where do you live ”
→ She asked where I lived.
祈使句：tell/ask/order sb. (not) to do
例：He said to me, “Open the door.”
→ He told me to open the door.
三、基础填空题
要求：将直接引语改为间接引语。
1. He says, “I am a student.”
He says that he ______ a student.
2. She said, “I like music.”
She said that she ______ music.
3. Tom said, “I am watching TV.”
Tom said that he ______ _________ TV.
4. My sister said, “I will go to Beijing.”
My sister said that she ______ go to Beijing.
5. He said, “I have finished my homework.”
He said that he ______ ________ his homework.
liked
was
watching
would
had
finished
is
三、基础填空题
6. She said, “I went to the park yesterday.”
She said that she ______ ______ to the park______ ______ _______ .
7. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east.
8. He asks, “Do you like English ”
He asks ___________ I like English.
9. She asked me, “Where do you work ”
She asked me where ______ ______.
10. He said to me, “Please sit down.”
He ______ me to sit down.
asked
whether/if
rises
the day before
had gone
I worked
四、提升题
要求：将下列直接引语整句改为间接引语。
1. She said to me, “I can play the piano.”
2. They said, “We are visiting the factory now.”
3. “Will you come to my party next Sunday ” she asked me.
4. He said, “I had learned 3000 words before I entered the school.”
5. My mother said to me, “Don’t forget to close the window.”
She told me that she could play the piano.
They said that they were visiting the factory then.
She asked me if/whether I would go to her party the next Sunday.
He said that he had learned 3000 words before he entered the school.
My mother told me not to forget to close the window.
Go through the words in bold in activity 2 and match the meaning with each word.
nuclear on behalf of sensitive jungle
1. as a representative
2. a situation or subject that is sensitive needs to be dealt with very carefully, because it is secret or because it may offend people
3. using, producing or resulting from nuclear energy
4. a thick tropical forest with many large plants growing very close together
on behalf of
sensitive
nuclear
jungle
Here are some statements and questions by children who attended scientific lectures. Guess who they were talking to and then change the sentences into indirect speech.
meteorologist
气象学家
politician
政治家
zoologist动物学家
ecologist
生态学家
Name Statements/Questions
Diane Diane asked what had made Hurricane Katrina unusual.
Diane asked if/whether it had been the worst natural disaster in American history.
Name Statements/Questions
Martha Martha said/told me that she wanted to become a scientist and help the world.
Martha said/told me that she was doing a project on behalf of her school about global warming.
Bob Bob asked why nuclear power was such a sensitive topic.
Bob asked if/whether they could explain how the nuclear disaster had happened.
Name Statements/Questions
Laura Laura asked how many animals had disappeared because of human hunting.
Laura asked what we could do to help wild animals.
Vincent Vincent said/told me that he had never been to the Amazon Jungle.
Vincent asked if/whether scientists would discover new species there.
Read the four students’ statements on what they are doing to help the environment or what else we can do and report to the class.
Michelle I always use my cloth bag when I go shopping, rather than use plastic bags.
Jack I often walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi.
Sally Don’t print out documents unless really necessary.
Joe Would it be best to share books with others
I asked my group members what they did to limit the amount of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives. Jack told me that he often walked or rode a bike instead of taking a taxi. Joe advised us to share books with others. Sally asked us not to print out documents unless really necessary. Michelle said that she always used her cloth bag when going shopping, rather than use plastic bags.
Work in groups. Do a survey on what your group members are doing to help the environment and what else they can do. Then report to the class.
Homework
Write a report about what your group members are doing to help the environment using the indirect speech.
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