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/ 让学习更有效 月考培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 月考培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语下册人教版（2024）月考核心素养培优卷
Unit 1-Unit 4
满分120分，用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
What is life like in the desert You may think there is only sand in the deserts of the world, 1 it is not true. While deserts are dry, they are full of surprises. In the desert, as we know, there is only a little 2 , and it is not enough for most plants. Still we can see some plants, like cacti and small bushes, manage to 3 in the desert.
There is 4 and plants in some places in the desert. We call these places oases (绿洲). Oases are like green 5 in the middle of the desert, where trees grow, and people build villages and towns. People 6 all kinds of vegetables and plants in the fields there. People can’t live outside the oases because the desert is too 7 . They have camels (骆驼), sheep and other animals. These animals 8 the desert plants to survive and do not need much water.
The animals are 9 to the desert people in many ways. They eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals. They use the camels for carrying water, food, 10 and something else. Camels are called the “ships of the desert” because they can 11 long distances without water.
Since food and water are far from enough, the desert people have to keep moving from place to place. They must 12 look for grass or desert plants for their animals. When there is no more food for their animals, they 13 their things and move to another area where plants grow.
Life in the desert is hard, but the desert people are 14 . Everyone in the desert is glad to help people in need and give them food and water. This strong sense of 15 helps them survive in one of the hardest living environments on earth.
1．A．and B．but C．though D．because
2．A．rain B．sunshine C．wind D．snow
3．A．fly B．stand C．hide D．survive
4．A．earth B．sand C．death D．water
5．A．leaves B．boats C．islands D．shoulders
6．A．sell B．research C．dig D．grow
7．A．wet B．dry C．large D．small
8．A．depend on B．get into C．shout at D．suffer from
9．A．harmful B．new C．similar D．useful
10．A．matches B．tents C．prizes D．risks
11．A．jump B．climb C．attract D．travel
12．A．always B．never C．quickly D．clearly
13．A．change B．pack C．buy D．leave
14．A．friendly B．serious C．careful D．shy
15．A．achievement B．direction C．community D．humour
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A
In China, safety education is becoming more and more important now. The last Monday in March is for students to learn it at school. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe. What are the accidents at school Take a look.
A stampede (踩踏) always happens in crowded places. When students around you begin to push, just stand there and try to hold onto something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your arms.
When earthquakes happen, you can get under a desk quickly and hold on. It’ll protect you from falling things. If you are outdoors, find a place away from buildings, trees, and power lines.
When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly. It’s better to put something wet over your mouth and nose. In this way, you won’t breathe in smoke. Many people die in a fire, not because of the fire but the smoke. It makes them cough and they can’t breathe. That’s very dangerous! So when you want to get out, you should make yourself close to the floor. Then you can breathe some fresh air.
Stampedes, earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school. Next time something terrible happens, we are sure you can protect yourself successfully if you follow the ways mentioned above.
16．What are the main accidents at school mentioned in the passage
A．Stampedes, earthquakes and floods. B．Earthquakes, fires and snowstorms.
C．Stampedes, earthquakes and fires. D．Fires, car accidents and stampedes.
17．What should you do if you fall down in a stampede
A．Try to get up quickly. B．Move to one side and protect your head with your arms.
C．Shout for help. D．Push the people around you.
18．Which of the following sentences is NOT right about the fire accident
A．When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly.
B．Many people die in a fire because of the smoke.
C．Stand straight and run quickly out of the classroom.
D．Cover your mouth and nose with something wet.
19．What would be the best title for the passage
A．The Most Dangerous Accidents at School
B．Safety Education: What You Need to Know
C．How to Prevent Accidents at School
D．How to Survive from Stampedes, Earthquakes and Fires at Markets
20． Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
A．1/2345 B．1/2/34/5 C．1/2/345 D．1/234/5
B
How do you feel before an important test Have you ever thought about what happens in your mind at that time
The new movie, Inside Out 2, explores this idea! It’s about the mental (心理的) health of teenagers. The movie is popular and loved by both kids and adults.
In this movie, Riley, the main character, faces new challenges as she grows up. She has several “secret partners” in her mind. They are Joy, Sadness, Anger, Fear and Disgust. They work together to help Riley go through the changes in her life, such as making new friends and dealing with school pressure.
Once, Riley and her two old friends took a training course in a famous hockey camp. During the training, Riley was so eager to make new friends that she forgot about her old friends. Her old friends were very sad about that. Then, they had some problems with Riley. Soon Riley felt worried. Just in time, the “secret partners” in her mind came. They encouraged Riley to tell her true feelings bravely and say sorry to her old friends. After that, they became happy again. Although Riley still has some problems in her life, she can accept all kinds of her feelings now.
The movie Inside Out 2 has great educational value. It shows that although feelings are complicated, they are common and natural to everyone. We should accept and express our feelings in a proper way.
21．What is Inside Out 2 mainly about
A．The fun story of hockey camps. B．The mental health of teenagers.
C．How to make new friends quickly. D．Famous movies loved by kids.
22．How many “secret partners” does Riley have in her mind
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
23．Why did Riley have problems with her old friends in the hockey camp
A．She refused to take the training course. B．She forgot her old friends when making new ones.
C．Her old friends didn’t like her new friends. D．She was too busy with schoolwork.
24．What did the “secret partners” encourage Riley to do
A．Keep away from her old friends. B．Hide her true feelings from others.
C．Say sorry to her old friends bravely. D．Make more new friends at once.
25．What can we learn from the movie
A．Feelings are too complicated to accept. B．We should express our feelings properly.
C．Only teenagers have different feelings. D．Bad feelings should be completely hidden.
C
Snowstorms, lack of oxygen (氧气) and a freezing temperature of -20℃, Yue Kailang has experienced all these while climbing Mount Muztagata. The boy from Beijing finally reached the top of the mountain, at 7,546 meters, on July 29, 2022.
Yue was the youngest on the “Climate Action” climbing team. The goal of the team is to raise people’s awareness of global warming by climbing snow mountains.
“I loved nature when I was a kid. I often climbed mountains in Beijing. In recent years, more and more news reports have talked about the environment being polluted, and I feel quite upset about it,” said Yue.
Feeling necessary to do something, Yue took part in the “Climate Action” project. “Mount Muztagata is a good place to observe (观测) climate change because there are large areas of mountain glaciers (冰川),” saidYue. “I was shocked when I saw the snow line was rising every single day—the snow melts (融化) so fast that it can be seen with the naked eye! There is also a river formed by the melting snow. We can hear the loud sound of the flowing water.”
On the way to the top of the mountain, Yue also collected snow samples (样品), which were part of the project’s tasks. The samples will be given to scientists to study how air pollution and microbes (微生物) are causing the melting.
“We say ‘saving Earth’ every day, but I think taking real action is more important than just talking,” said Yue. “I hope my story can draw more young people’s attention to the serious problem of global warming. What I’ve experienced has shown that global warming is really not far away.”
26．How high is the Mount Muztagata
A．7,546 meters. B．7,645 meters.
C．7,465 meters. D．6,745 meters.
27．Why did Yue Kailang take part in the “Climate Action” project
A．Because he planned to make some friends in this way.
B．Because he wanted to do something for the environment.
C．Because he liked climbing snow mountains when he was little.
D．Because his parents asked him to do it.
28．Put the following information into the correct order according to the passage.
a. Along the way, Yue collected snow samples.
b. Yue often climbed mountains in Beijing.
c. Yue finally reached the top of the mountain.
d. Yue felt quite upset about pollution.
e. Yue took part in the “Climate Action” project.
A．c-a-d-e-b B．d-b-a-e-c C．b-d-e-a-c D．a-e-c-d-b
29．What is Yue Kailang like according to the passage
A．Friendly and strong. B．Serious and smart.
C．Loving and brave. D．Funny and clever.
30．What is the best title for the passage
A．Yue Kailang Climbs Mount Muztagata to Help with “Climate Action” Project
B．How Global Warming Makes Mount Muztagata’s Snow Melt
C．Yue Kailang Collects Snow Samples on Mount Muztagata
D．The Difficulties of Climbing Mount Muztagata at -20℃
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。一空一句。
There is a very special place in China. It is the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (青藏高原). In the place, the weather changes a lot in summer. 31
“Spring” Morning
The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has a cool morning. When the sun comes out, the weather there becomes warm, just like spring. 32
“Summer” Noon
The weather at noon is very different from that in the morning. You may feel it like summer. 33 You had better wear sunglasses. It rains sometimes, but the rain doesn’t last long. After the rain stops, you may see rainbows.
34
You have to be careful about the weather in the afternoon. As the sun goes down, the temperature goes down. It becomes cool again. If you don’t keep warm, you may catch a cold.
“Winter” Night
At night, the temperature gets very low, just like winter. 35 The rainy season is from May to September each year. It often rains at night.
A．“Autumn” Afternoon
B．“Autumn” Temperature
C．You need to wear warm clothes.
D．It’s a good time to take a walk in the morning.
E．Because it is hot and the sunlight is so strong.
F．You can experience“four seasons” in just one day.
G．But the weather also changes during this period (期间).
词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
36．The dance ________ (instruct) gave us step-by-step guidance.
37．It is quite important for students to learn something about Internet ________. (safe)
38．Jimmy ________ (behave) so well that he made a good impression (印象) on his friends.
39．The Mariana Trench is the __________ (deep) point in the ocean.
40．The Yangtze River travels the __________ (far) in China.
41．The ________ (旅行) to Beijing is very wonderful.
42．We should ________ (挑战) ourselves.
43．We should work hard and try our best to reach a high ________ (标准).
44．Don’t be ________ (害怕的) to ask for help when you are in trouble.
45．I’m really thankful to my teachers. They always ________ (鼓励) me to keep trying.
完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
46．你学习越努力，你的成绩就会越好。
________ ________ you study, ________ ________ grades you will get.
47．如果你许下诺言，你就必须信守诺言。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________, you must keep it.
48．他对自己的失败感到很沮丧，整晚都醒着躺着。
He felt so upset about his failure that he ________ all night.
49．在秋天，不少叶子变黄并从树上落下。
In autumn, quite a few leaves turn yellow and ________ ________ the trees.
50．当我看到这起事故时，我第一个想法就是呼救。
My first thought was to ________ ________ ________ when I saw the accident.
五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文，其中有两个选项是多余的。
A．understand B．find C． of D．certainly E. cities F. hide G. illness H. popular I. strange J. hundreds K. When L. others
The Inca (印加) people lived in the Andes Mountains in South America for 51 of years. They used stone to build wonderful buildings. Most Inca cities did not have walls around them, but they were very safe. There were large stone fortresses (堡垒) near each city. When there was danger, the people could 52 in the fortresses.
One of the most famous Inca 53 is Machu Picchu. It is high in the Andes Mountains in Peru (秘鲁). People didn’t know it was there until Hiram Bingham, from America, visited Peru and saw the ruins (遗迹) of this city in 1911. 54 he returned to America, he wrote an article about Machu Picchu in a magazine. Soon the rest of the world knew about this ancient place.
Today, the streets of the city are like a stone maze (迷宫) for people to walk through. There are still some things that we don’t 55 about Machu Picchu today. For example, no one knows why the Inca people stopped living there. Some people think a (n) 56 made them run away from the city. However, it is difficult to 57 out if they are right because there are no records to tell us.
It has been over 100 years since the rest 58 the world first heard about Machu Picchu. Today, Machu Picchu is very 59 with tourists around the world. If you travel to Peru, you should 60 visit the amazing “lost city”.
六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
短文填词，根据以下提示补全短文，每空一词。
Anger is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses 61 important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then 62 (break) it, you may get really angry.
Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe 63 (fast) than before, your face turns red, and you may want to break something or hit someone. But sometimes, you hide (隐藏) your anger 64 (quiet). For example, you may hide it 65 your heart. The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt.
In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you 66 (get) angry sometimes. But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting others or 67 (you).
When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people. It’s 68 (help) to talk about your anger with an adult, such as parents, a teacher, etc. When you talk about anger, those bad 69 (feeling) can start to go away. Here are some other things you can do 70 you start to feel angry: talk to a good friend, count from 1 to 100, give someone a hug (拥抱), go for a bike ride, think about good things, etc.
Remember that how you act when you are angry can make everything better or worse. Don’t let your anger control you.
七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Everyone wants to be healthy. But do you know how to look after your health Let me tell you some useful advice.
First, you should have a balanced diet. You need to eat different kinds of food, such as rice, noodles, meat, fish, eggs, vegetables and fruit. Don’t eat too much sweet food or oily food.
Second, you should take exercise every day. You don’t need to do heavy exercise. Just take a 30-minute walk after dinner, or do some morning exercises every day.
Third, you should go to bed early and get up early. Don’t stay up late. Staying up late is bad for your health and can make you feel tired the next day.
If you follow these rules, you will be healthy and strong.
71．What is the first advice to stay healthy
72．What food shouldn’t we eat too much
73．How long should we take a walk after dinner according to the passage
74．Is staying up late good for our health
75．What will happen if we follow these rules
第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分）
76．假如你是腾飞，你的外国笔友 David在网上了解到江西是个好地方，他想要知道更多信息。请你用英语写一篇短文，向他介绍你的家乡及江西的美丽景色。
写作要点：
1. What’s the location and size of your hometown
2. How beautiful is your hometown
3. What activities can tourists do there
写作要求：
1.短文应包括所有写作要点，条理清晰，行文连贯，可适当发挥；
2.短文中不能出现真实的人名、校名、地名等信息；
3.短文不少于80词。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear David,
How is it going Yes, Jiangxi is a wonderful place. And my hometown
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Teng Fei
/ 让学习更有效 月考培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 月考培优卷 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了沙漠中的生活，包括沙漠中的植物、动物、绿洲以及沙漠居民的生活方式。尽管沙漠环境恶劣，但沙漠居民依然乐观友好，乐于助人，这种强烈的社区意识帮助他们在这个地球上最艰难的生活环境之一中生存下来。
1．句意：你可能会认为世界上的沙漠里只有沙子，但这并不是真的。
and和；but但是；though尽管；because因为。根据前后句意可知，此处存在转折关系，故应用but连接。故选B。
2．句意：在沙漠里，我们知道，雨水很少，对大多数植物来说是不够的。
rain雨；sunshine阳光；wind风；snow雪。根据常识可知，沙漠里雨水很少。故选A。
3．句意：我们仍然可以看到一些植物，如仙人掌和小灌木，在沙漠中生存。
fly飞；stand站；hide隐藏；survive生存。根据“Still we can see some plants, like cacti and small bushes”可知，此处指仙人掌和小灌木在沙漠中生存。故选D。
4．句意：沙漠中的一些地方有水和植物。
earth地球；sand沙子；death死亡；water水。根据下文“We call these places oases (绿洲).”可知，绿洲是有水和植物的地方。故选D。
5．句意：绿洲就像沙漠中的绿色岛屿，树木生长，人们在那里建造村庄和城镇。
leaves叶子；boats船；islands岛屿；shoulders肩膀。根据“in the middle of the desert”可知，此处指沙漠中的绿色岛屿。故选C。
6．句意：人们在那里种植各种蔬菜和植物。
sell卖；research研究；dig挖；grow种植。根据“all kinds of vegetables and plants in the fields there”可知，此处指种植蔬菜和植物。故选D。
7．句意：人们不能住在绿洲以外的地方，因为沙漠太干燥了。
wet潮湿的；dry干燥的；large大的；small小的。根据“People can’t live outside the oases”可知，沙漠太干燥，所以人们不能住在绿洲以外的地方。故选B。
8．句意：这些动物依靠沙漠植物生存，不需要太多的水。
depend on依靠；get into进入；shout at对……大喊大叫；suffer from遭受。根据“the desert plants to survive”可知，此处指动物依靠沙漠植物生存。故选A。
9．句意：这些动物在许多方面对沙漠居民很有用。
harmful有害的；new新的；similar相似的；useful有用的。根据下文“They eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals.”可知，动物对沙漠居民很有用。故选D。
10．句意：他们用骆驼运水、食物、帐篷和其他东西。
matches火柴；tents帐篷；prizes奖品；risks风险。根据“They use the camels for carrying water, food, ... and something else.”可知，此处指用骆驼运水、食物、帐篷和其他东西。故选B。
11．句意：骆驼被称为“沙漠之舟”，因为它们可以在没有水的情况下长途旅行。
jump跳；climb爬；attract吸引；travel旅行。根据“long distances without water”可知，此处指长途旅行。故选D。
12．句意：他们必须总是为他们的动物寻找草或沙漠植物。
always总是；never从不；quickly快速地；clearly清晰地。根据“Since food and water are far from enough, the desert people have to keep moving from place to place.”可知，食物和水远远不够，所以沙漠居民必须总是为他们的动物寻找草或沙漠植物。故选A。
13．句意：当他们的动物没有食物时，他们收拾东西，搬到另一个植物生长的地方。
change改变；pack打包；buy买；leave离开。根据“move to another area where plants grow”可知，此处指收拾东西搬到另一个地方。故选B。
14．句意：沙漠里的生活很艰苦，但沙漠里的人很友好。
friendly友好的；serious严肃的；careful小心的；shy害羞的。根据下文“Everyone in the desert is glad to help people in need and give them food and water.”可知，沙漠里的人很友好。故选A。
15．句意：这种强烈的社区意识帮助他们在地球上最艰难的生活环境之一中生存下来。
achievement成就；direction方向；community社区；humour幽默。根据“Everyone in the desert is glad to help people in need and give them food and water.”可知，沙漠居民之间互相帮助，这是一种强烈的社区意识。故选C。
16．C 17．B 18．C 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕中国的校园安全教育展开，介绍了三类常见的校园安全事故，讲解了不同事故发生时的自救方法，帮助学生学会在事故中保护自己。
16．最后一段指出：“Stampedes, earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school.”，直接说明文中提到的校园主要事故是踩踏、地震和火灾。
17．第二段指出：“If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your arms.”，直接说明在踩踏中摔倒后要移到一侧，并用胳膊保护头部。
18．第四段提到：“When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly. It’s better to put something wet over your mouth and nose. Many people die in a fire, not because of the fire but the smoke.”以及“So when you want to get out, you should make yourself close to the floor.”，可知A、B、D选项的表述都符合原文，“Stand straight and run quickly out of the classroom.”的表述不符合原文要求，是错误的。
19．第一段开篇提到：“In China, safety education is becoming more and more important now.”，全文围绕安全教育中，校园常见事故的应对知识展开介绍，A选项仅侧重事故的危险性，C选项侧重事故预防，原文核心是事故发生后的自救知识，D选项地点错误，原文介绍的是校园事故而非市场事故，因此最佳标题为Safety Education: What You Need to Know。
20．本文共有五个段落，第一段引入话题，点明要介绍校园常见安全事故；第二、三、四段分别介绍踩踏、地震、火灾三类事故的自救方法，属于分说部分；第五段总结全文，因此文章结构为1/234/5。
21．B 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电影《头脑特工队 2》，该片围绕青少年心理健康展开，讲述了主角莱利成长中遇到的人际等问题，其脑海中的五种情绪伙伴帮助她解决问题的故事，同时点明影片具有教育意义，告诉人们应恰当接受和表达自身的情绪。
21．第二段明确提到：“It’s about the mental health of teenagers.”，这直接说明《头脑特工队 2》主要讲述的是青少年的心理健康问题。
22．第三段明确指出：“She has several ‘secret partners’ in her mind. They are Joy, Sadness, Anger, Fear and Disgust.”，这直接表明一共有五种情绪伙伴，即莱利脑海中有五个“秘密伙伴”。
23．第四段说明原因：“During the training, Riley was so eager to make new friends that she forgot about her old friends.”，这直接表明莱利在曲棍球训练营和老朋友产生矛盾是因为她在结交新朋友时忘记了老朋友。
24．第四段明确提到：“They encouraged Riley to tell her true feelings bravely and say sorry to her old friends.”，这表明“秘密伙伴”鼓励莱利勇敢地向老朋友道歉。
25．第五段点明影片传达的道理：“We should accept and express our feelings in a proper way.”，这说明我们能从这部电影中学到应该恰当地表达自己的情绪。
26．A 27．B 28．C 29．C 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了岳凯朗攀登慕士塔格峰的经历，他参与“气候行动”项目，旨在提高人们对全球变暖的认识，还收集雪样供科学家研究，希望唤起更多年轻人对全球变暖问题的关注。
26．第一段指出“The boy from Beijing finally reached the top of the mountain, at 7,546 meters, on July 29, 2022.”，这直接说明了慕士塔格峰的高度是7546米。
27．第三段岳凯朗说“In recent years, more and more news reports have talked about the environment being polluted, and I feel quite upset about it”，以及“Feeling necessary to do something, Yue took part in the ‘Climate Action’ project.”，表明他因为对环境污染感到不安，所以想为环境做些事，从而参加了“气候行动”项目。
28．第三段岳凯朗说“I often climbed mountains in Beijing.”，第四段“Feeling necessary to do something, Yue took part in the ‘Climate Action’ project.”，第五段“On the way to the top of the mountain, Yue also collected snow samples (样品)”，第一段“The boy from Beijing finally reached the top of the mountain, at 7,546 meters, on July 29, 2022.”，按照文章顺序，先是岳凯朗常在北京爬山，然后对污染感到不安，接着参加项目，途中收集雪样，最后到达山顶，所以顺序是b-d-e-a-c。
29．从岳凯朗参与“气候行动”项目，希望唤起人们对全球变暖的关注，以及克服困难攀登慕士塔格峰来看，他是一个有爱心且勇敢的人，“Loving and brave”符合他的特点。
30．文章主要围绕岳凯朗攀登慕士塔格峰以及参与“气候行动”项目展开，“Yue Kailang Climbs Mount Muztagata to Help with ‘Climate Action’ Project”这个标题最能概括文章主旨。
31．F 32．D 33．E 34．A 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕“青藏高原夏季的天气特点”展开，介绍了当地一天之内“四季更迭”的独特气候，从清晨如春、正午似夏、傍晚如秋到夜晚入冬的天气变化。
31．根据“In the place, the weather changes a lot in summer.”以及下文对一天中不同时段天气的描述可知，此处是说明青藏高原夏季天气多变，能在一天内体验“四季”。选项F“你可以在一天之内体验‘四季’。”能承接上文，引出下文对不同时段天气的介绍。故选F。
32．根据“When the sun comes out, the weather there becomes warm, just like spring.”可知，此处是描述清晨温暖如春的天气适合散步。选项D“清晨是散步的好时候。”能承接上文，呼应清晨温暖舒适的特点。故选D。
33．根据“You may feel it like summer.”以及“You had better wear sunglasses.”可知，此处是解释正午像夏天的原因。选项E“因为天气炎热，阳光也很强。”能承接上文，说明需要戴墨镜的原因。故选E。
34．根据下文“You have to be careful about the weather in the afternoon. As the sun goes down,the temperature goes down. It becomes cool again.”可知，这一段介绍的是下午如秋天般凉爽的天气。选项A“‘秋日’午后”能作为该段的小标题，概括午后天气特点。故选A。
35．根据“At night, the temperature gets very low, just like winter.”可知，此处是说明夜晚寒冷如冬的应对措施。选项C“你需要穿保暖的衣服。”能承接上文，呼应夜晚低温的特点。故选C。
36．instructor
【解析】句意：这位舞蹈老师给了我们一步步的指导。“instruct”指导，动词。根据语句“The dance … gave us step-by-step guidance.”可知，此处表示“指导，老师”，需要名词instructor作主语，故填instructor。
37．safety
【解析】句意：对于学生来说，学习一些有关网络安全的知识是相当重要的。safe“安全的”，句中“Internet”后需要一个名词，safe的名词形式是safety，意为“安全”，Internet safety表示“网络安全”。
38．behaved
【解析】句意：吉米表现得如此好，以至于给朋友们留下了好印象。根据句中“made”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“behave”，意为“表现”，其过去式是“behaved”。故填behaved。
39．deepest
【解析】句意：马里亚纳海沟是海洋里最深的地方。“in the ocean”表示范围，空处填形容词最高级，修饰名词“point”，作定语。deep“深的”，形容词，最高级为deepest。故填deepest。
40．farthest
【解析】句意：长江是中国流经距离最长的河流。根据“in China”可知，三者及以上的比较应用最高级，far的最高级为farthest，侧重距离。故填farthest。
41．trip/journey
【解析】句意：这次北京之行非常棒。定冠词The后接名词作主语，结合中文“旅行”的提示和be动词is（单数），填trip，journey，符合句子表意和语法要求。
42．challenge
【解析】句意：我们应该挑战自己。根据“should”可知，此处使用动词原形，challenge“挑战”，动词。
43．standard
【解析】句意：我们应该努力学习，尽最大努力达到高标准。根据所给汉语提示可知，“标准” 对应的英文单词是standard。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词high修饰，后接可数名词单数形式。
44．afraid
【解析】句意：当你陷入困境时，不要害怕寻求帮助。空格在be动词后，需要填形容词afraid“害怕的”，作表语。故填afraid。
45．encourage
【解析】句意：我真的很感谢我的老师。他们总是鼓励我继续努力。根据汉语提示“鼓励”，对应的英文单词是“encourage”。句子主语是“They”，时态为一般现在时，因此动词使用原形“encourage”。
46．The harder the better
【解析】原句中“越……越……”是关键表达结构，对应的英文常用句型是“The + 比较级, the + 比较级”。本句描述的是一种普遍情况，常用一般现在时或一般将来时。“努力”的比较级是“harder”，“好”修饰“grades”用比较级“better”。
47．If you make a promise
【解析】关键词是“如果你许下诺言”。if“如果”，后接句子，从句用一般现在时；you“你”；make a promise“许下诺言”。主语是you，谓语动词用原形。if在句首，首字母大写。
48．lay awake
【解析】原句中“醒着躺着”是关键词，对应的短语是lie awake，本句主句是一般过去时，从句时态需要和主句保持一致，需使用lie的过去式形式。应填lay awake。
49．fall off
【解析】fall off“落下”，动词短语，and前后的动词形式需一致，此处用动词原形。
50．call for help
【解析】call for help表示“呼救”，不定式作表语，不定式符号to后动词用原形。
51．J 52．F 53．E 54．K 55．A 56．G 57．B 58．C 59．H 60．D
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了秘鲁著名的古代印加遗址——马丘比丘，并讲述了其相关的历史、发现过程及现状。
51．句意：印加人在南美洲的安第斯山脉生活了数百年。根据“The Inca (印加) people lived in the Andes Mountains in South America for ... of years.”及备选词可知，此处指印加人在安第斯山脉生活了数百年。hundreds of years是固定搭配，意为“数百年”，符合语境。故填J。
52．句意：遇到危险时，人们可以躲进堡垒里。根据“When there was danger, the people could ... in the fortresses.”及备选词可知，此处指有危险时人们可以躲在堡垒里。hide意为“躲藏”，符合语境。故填F。
53．句意：最著名的印加城市之一是马丘比丘，它坐落于秘鲁的安第斯山脉高处。根据“One of the most famous Inca ... is Machu Picchu. It is high in the Andes Mountains in Peru (秘鲁).”及备选词可知，此处指Machu Picchu是印加城市。cities意为“城市”，符合语境。故填E。
54．句意：当他回到美国后，在一本杂志上发表了一篇关于马丘比丘的文章。根据“... he returned to America, he wrote an article about Machu Picchu in a magazine.”及备选词可知，此处指当他回到美国时，发表了一篇文章。when意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。故填K。
55．句意：时至今日，我们仍有一些关于马丘比丘的事情无法理解。根据“There are still some things that we don’t ... about Machu Picchu today.”及备选词可知，此处指至今仍有一些关于马丘比丘的事情我们不了解。understand意为“了解”，符合语境。故填A。
56．句意：有人认为一场疾病迫使他们逃离了这座城市。根据“Some people think a(n) ... made them run away from the city.”及备选词可知，此处指是疾病让他们逃离城市。illness意为“疾病”，符合语境。故填G。
57．句意：然而，由于没有相关记录，我们很难查明这些说法是否正确。根据“However, it is difficult to ... out if they are right because there are no records to tell us.”及备选词可知，此处指很难查明他们是否正确。find out是固定短语，意为“查明、弄清楚”，符合语境。故填B。
58．句意：距离世界其他地方首次听闻马丘比丘，已经过去了100多年。根据“It has been over 100 years since the rest ... the world first heard about Machu Picchu.”及备选词可知，此处指世界其他地方首次听闻马丘比丘。the rest of the world是固定搭配，意为“世界其他地方”，符合语境。故填C。
59．句意：如今，马丘比丘深受全球游客的欢迎。根据“Today, Machu Picchu is very ... with tourists around the world.”及备选词可知，此处指马丘比丘深受全球游客欢迎。be popular with是固定短语，意为“受……欢迎”，符合语境。故填H。
60．句意：如果你去秘鲁旅行，一定要去参观这座神奇的“失落之城”。根据“If you travel to Peru, you should ... visit the amazing “lost city”.”及备选词可知，此处指你一定要去参观这座神奇的‘失落之城’”。certainly意为“当然、一定”，符合语境。故填D。
61．an 62．breaks 63．faster 64．quietly 65．in 66．to get 67．yourself 68．helpful 69．feelings 70．when
【导语】本文介绍愤怒这种情绪的产生、表现，说明隐藏愤怒的危害，并给出正确处理愤怒的方法，提醒人们不要被愤怒控制。
61．句意：当你的队伍输掉一场重要的比赛时。“game”是可数名词单数，“important”以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an“一个”，表示泛指。
62．句意：当一个朋友借了你最喜欢的东西然后把它弄坏时。句子时态为一般现在时，主语“a friend”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
63．句意：你的呼吸比以前更快。句中有“than”表示比较，需用副词fast的比较级。
64．句意：但有时你悄悄地隐藏你的愤怒。修饰动词“hide”需用副词。
65．句意：你可能把它藏在心里。hide in one’s heart是固定搭配，表示“藏在心里”。
66．句意：有时候生气对你来说是正常的。it’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，需用不定式作主语。
67．句意：不伤害别人也不伤害你自己。与“others”并列，表示伤害自己，需用反身代词yourself“你自己”。
68．句意：和成年人谈论你的愤怒是有帮助的。it’s + 形容词 + to do sth.是固定句型，此处表示和成年人谈论会有帮助，需用形容词helpful“有帮助的”。
69．句意：那些坏情绪会开始消失。“those”后接可数名词复数。
70．句意：当你开始感到生气时，你可以做一些其他的事情。“you start to feel angry”是时间背景，需用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。
71．We should have a balanced diet. 72．We shouldn’t eat too much sweet food or oily food. 73．For 30 minutes. 74．No, it isn't. 75．We will be healthy and strong.
【导语】本文主要介绍了保持健康的三个建议：均衡饮食、每天锻炼、早睡早起。
71．第二段“First, you should have a balanced diet”介绍了第一条建议。
72．第二段“Don’t eat too much sweet food or oily food”说明了不应过量食用甜食和油腻食物。
73．第三段“Just take a 30-minute walk after dinner”说明晚饭后应散步30分钟。
74．第四段“Staying up late is bad for your health”说明熬夜对健康有害。
75．最后一段“If you follow these rules, you will be healthy and strong”说明遵循这些规则的结果是变得健康强壮。
76．
Dear David,
How is it going Yes, Jiangxi is a wonderful place. And my hometown is in the north of Jiangxi. It is not very big but very beautiful. There are green mountains and clear rivers around it. The air is fresh and the scenery is like a picture. Tourists can enjoy hiking in the mountains. They can also go boating on the rivers. In spring, people come to see the beautiful flowers. I think my hometown is a good place. The life here is better now than before. Welcome to my hometown.
Yours,
Teng Fei
【解析】[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：本文是材料作文，以一般现在时为主
明确要点：家乡的地址及大小；家乡的美景介绍；游客可以做什么。
确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 及第三人称。
注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称；词数不少于80词。
[第二步：构思布局]
三层结构：
第一层：介绍自己的家乡的位置及大小；
第二层：介绍家乡的美景及游客能做的事；
第三层：表达祝福。
[第三步：要点展开]
要点： 位置：in the north of/in the center of
介绍美景及可以做的事：green mountains/clear rivers/The air is fresh and the scenery is like a picture/enjoy hiking in the mountains/go boating/see the beautiful flowers...
表达祝福：I am sure.../believe.../I hope.../I wish...等
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