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(共39张PPT)
Unit 7　
A Good Read
第三课时　Section A
(Grammar Focus 4a—4d)
八年级 英语（下）
Read the sentences and underline the present perfect forms of the verbs. Pay attention to the meanings of the bold words.
4a
Grammar Focus
Have you decided on a book for your report Yes, I have. /No, I haven’t.
Has Peter ever heard of this book No, he’s never heard of it.
Has Chen Jie read this book yet No, but she’s already borrowed it from the library.
What have you read recently I’ve just finished The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
I’ve=I have
she’s=she has
haven’t=have not
hasn’t=has not
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成。
注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用has
肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.
否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？
现在完成时的句型转换
以动词 finish 为例：
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my homework.
否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 I have not (haven't) finished my homework.
一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ Have you finished your homework
肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + have/has. Yes, I have.
否定回答 No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. No, I haven't.
二、动词过去分词
规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同，不规则动词需要单独记忆。
规则动词过去分词构成：
规则 原形 过去分词
直接加 -ed finish finished
以 e 结尾加 -d decide decided
以“辅音 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -ed study studied
重读闭音节双写加 -ed stop stopped
常见不规则动词过去分词：
原形 过去分词 原形 过去分词
be been read read
begin begun see seen
buy bought take taken
choose chosen teach taught
come come tell told
do done think thought
eat eaten write written
原形 过去分词 原形 过去分词
go gone know known
have had make made
hear heard meet met
leave left put put
lose lost read read
常见不规则动词过去分词：
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
三、现在完成时的用法
表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。
past

Fu Xing finished Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.
Fu Xing can share many interesting details of the book with Peter.
Fu Xing has finished Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
present
present perfect
past

I read Around the World in Eighty Days for the first time.
I've already read Around the World in Eighty Days twice.
present
present perfect
I read Around the World in Eighty Days for the second time.
2. 表示一个动作到现在已经发生了多少次。
I’ve always loved reading fantasy books.
past
present
future
love
present perfect
3. 表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且可能持续到将来。
for + 一段时间 / since + 开始时间(从句)
四、现在完成时的标志词
already / just / never / yet / ever
so far / in the past few years
past
now
Mr. and Mrs. Green have owned this house for fifty years.
50 years
past
now
ever since
They have lived here ever since.
past
now
The village has changed a lot during that time.
during that time
for + 一段时间
since + 过去时间
We have been here
for fifty years.
50 years
past
now
We have been here
since 1970.
50 years
past
now
We have been here since 1970.
We have been here since 50 years ago.
We have been here since we got married.
since +
过去的时间点
时间段 + ago
从句（一般用过去式）
我喜欢肯定句，我经常站助动词和过去分词中间。
I have already read the story.
I have just read the story.
I have never read the story.
肯定用already，否定、疑问用yet
I haven’t read the story yet.
Have you read the story yet
我喜欢否定和疑问句，但我不喜欢在中间。
I have ever read the story.
Have you ever read the story
我喜欢肯定，我也喜欢疑问，我总在实义动词前面。
注:在肯句中，非延续性动词(如arrive、leave、come、go等)一般不能与表示持续性时间的状语(如for two hours)连用，但在否结构中，可用非延续性动词的现在完成时表示持续的动作或状态。
例如:
I haven't bought any food since last week. The fridge is empty now.自从上周以来，我还没有买过任何食物。
冰箱现在是空的了。
Where has Tom gone We haven't seen him the whole morning.汤姆去哪儿了 我们整个上午都没见到他。
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语用，如 yesterday、last night、three weeks ago、in1990等。
而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和上述表示过去的时间状语连用。
例如:
Fu Xing has worked at a nursing home since last year.
付兴从去年开始就在一家养老院工作。
Fu Xing worked at a nursing home last year.
付兴去年在一家养老院工作。
(她现在还在那里工作。)
(不涉及她现在是否还在那里工作。)
I have watched the movie before.
我以前看过这部电影。
I watched the movie last week.
我上星期看了这部电影。
(我了解这部电影的内容。)
(只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。)
现在完成时 一般过去时
核心含义 强调过去动作对现在的影响 / 结果，或到现在为止的经历 / 次数 强调过去某个时间发生的动作本身，与现在无直接关联
时间标志词 already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, so far, up to now, in the past few years yesterday, last week, in 2020, just now, at that time, when I was young
动词形式 have/has + 过去分词 动词过去式 (ed / 不规则变化)
例句对比 I've read this book twice. (到现在为止读过两次) I read this book last year. (去年读过这本书)
关键区别 不与具体过去时间点连用 必须与具体过去时间点连用
Have you seen the movie yet
Yes, I have.
I watched it yesterday.
When did you watch it
A: _________ you__________ (finish) homework
B: Yes, I have.
A: When_________ you___________ (finish) it
B: I__________ (finish) it at 19:00.
A: _________ you___________ (send) the letter to
your cousin yet
B: Yes, I___________ (send) it last month.
Have
finished
finished
did
finish
Have
sent
sent
Exercise
Complete the conversations with ever, never, just, already, or yet.
4b
1. A: Have you ________ heard of the book The Little Prince
B: No, I’ve________heard of it.
A: I’ve_________finished reading it. It’s such a simple story, but you can learn a lot from it!
ever
never
already
2. A: Have you chosen a book for your book report____
B: Yes, I’ve chosen The Little Match Girl. It’s such a sad story, but I love it. I’ve_________ read it many times.
3. A: I’ve______ read a classic novel before. Could you recommend one
B: Well, I’ve______finished Outlaws of the Marsh. It’s really good!
A: Oh, thanks! Could I borrow it
B: Sure!
yet
already
never
just
4c
Complete the passage with the simple past or present perfect forms of the verbs in brackets.
________you ever____________(try) to read books from different countries At the start of this year, I____________(decide) to read books from as many countries as possible. I_________(begin) with The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Now I________ already ________(read) twenty different books.
Have
tried
decided
began
have
read
相当于at the beginning of
These books____________(teach) me a lot about other cultures and societies, and they___________(allow) me to see the world differently. In the past, I only______ (know) the names of different countries, but now I understand them a little bit better. This experience has been amazing so far. I never________(realize) how big our world really is!
have taught
have allowed
knew
realize
过去，对应短语in the future“在将来”
4d
Interview your classmates and find out who has done these activities.
read all four Chinese literary classics
watched a movie based on a novel
read a book in a different language
read a book more than twice
read a book with more than 500 pages
joined a reading club
1、 Could you recommend one
你能推荐一本吗？
recommend v. 推荐；建议
①[动词]推荐
recommend sb. /sth. 推荐某人/某物
recommend sb. for sth. 推荐某人获得某物
recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物
Language points
Can you recommend a good lawyer
你能介绍一位好律师吗？
I highly recommend her for the 2024 youth star Award.
我强烈推荐她获得“2024年青年之星奖”。
I am looking for places of interest in china. Can you recommend some to me
我正在寻找中国的名胜，你能给我推荐一些吗？
②[动词]建议
recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
I recommend you to book your flight early.
我建议你早点儿预订航班。
He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.
他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。
2、 Watched a movie based on a novel.
观看了一部根据小说改编的电影。
过去分词短语作后置定语
based on a novel为过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰a movie， base与a movie之间是动宾关系。过去分词短语作定语修饰名词时，通常放在名词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
I borrowed a book (which was) written by Mark Twain from the library. 我从图书馆借了一本马克.吐温写的书。
The boy (who is) named/called Tony is my cousin.
那个叫托尼的男孩是我的堂弟。
base sth on sth 以……为基础；以……为根据
base在此处作动词，常用结构为：
①base... on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上
Edison based his ideas on scientific experiments.
爱迪生的想法是建立在科学实验的基础上的。
②be based on/upon... 以……为基础
The real-life version of Mulan is based on Hua Mulan in Chinese history.
真人版的木兰以中国历史上的花木兰为基础。
1．Write 8 sentences about your reading experiences using different time expressions.
2．Prepare a short presentation(1 minute) about books you have read this year.
Homework

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