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先帝创业未半而中道崩，今天下三分，益州疲弊
，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠
志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛
下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气
，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体，陟罚臧否，不宜异同。若有
作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛
下平明之理，不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志
虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事
，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏
，有所广益。
将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，
先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中
之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，
远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论
此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、
长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之
，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻
达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于
草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝
以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难
之间，尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，
夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡
泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三
军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，
还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至
于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，
以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、
允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，
察纳雅言。深追先帝遗诏，臣不胜受恩感激。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。
天
地
轩
辕
太
乾
坤
Book 1 Unit 5
Languages around the World
Reading and Thinking
Learning objectives
have a better understanding of the development of Chinese writing system and its importance;
learn the functions of the Chinese writing system;
enhance national confidence and pride.
In this class, you will
What can you learn from the video？
Lead-in:
According to the video, try to guess what characters they are
口
日
水
力
田
火
月
山
picture-based symbols
simplified Chinese characters
？
Pre-Reading
Look at the title and picture below. Predict what the text will be about.
The text may be about the _____________________ and its history from _______ to ____________.
Chinese writing system
the past
the present
Scan the text and answer the following questions
The passage is organized in the order of _____.
time
1. How is the passage organized
3. What’s the writing style of the text
Narration
B. Argument
C. Exposition
2. What may be the author’s intention of writing the passage
While-Reading
Task 1.Read for the main idea and structure.
A. The writing system became well-developed, and later developed into different forms.
F. The Chinese language is helping to spread China's culture and history to the world.
B. The Chinese writing system is one of the reasons why Chinese civilization has survived into modern times.
C. The writing system began to develop in one direction.
E. Written Chinese was a picture-based language at the beginning.
D. Written Chinese connects China's present with its past, and has become an art form.
Para.1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
Para.5
Para.6
How many parts can this passage be divided into Why
Part 1: _______
Para.1
Part 2: _______
Para. 2-4
Part 3: _______
Para. 5-6
Topic
Development
Importance
general
general
specific
Task 2.Read for the main idea and structure.
The Qin Dynasty
(3.4)
Over the years(3)
By the Shang Dynasty(3)
At the beginning(2)
In modern times(5)
Today
Even today
Task 3. Scan the text and find the words and phrases that describe a time
At the beginning
Past
Written Chinese is a _________
language.
Symbols became a ____________
writing system.
The system developed into
___________.
Chinese writing
system began to
___________
___________.
picture-based
well-developed
different forms
develop in one direction
In the Qin Dynasty
Over the years
By the Shang Dynasty
Task 4. What happened at each of those important times
Chinese people can
all still__________
in writing.
People read___________
written by Chinese in ancient time, and regard
__________________as an art form.
Chinese writing is
an important part of ________________.
communicate
classic works
Chinese calligraphy
Chinese culture
Even today
In the modern times
Today
Present
Task 5. How the Chinese writing system developed？
At the beginning
By the Shang Dynasty
The Qin Dynasty
Today
Over the years
Future
马
picture-based
well-developed
different forms
one direction
part of Chinese culture

began
developed
divided
unified
1. How did written Chinese unify Chinese people divided by geography and dialects
It allowed Chinese people,no matter where they lived or what dialect they had, to communicate with each other.
2. How does written Chinese connect Chinese people today with those of the past
Chinese people today can read and understand classic works from ancient times.
Task 6. Read the text again and discuss the questions
Post-Reading
Do you think Chinese writing system is important for China
important

Underline the sentences (Para 4-6) that show the importance of Chinese writing system.
What does each “importance” refer to
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. (Para. 4)
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. (Para. 5)
The high regard for the Chinese writing system…as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. (Para. 5)
…the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs…(Para. 6)
connect _____________ with ____________
connect _____________ with ____________
connect _____________ with ____________
connect _____________ with ____________
people
culture
the past
the present
characters
art
China
world
As teenagers, what can you do to help the Chinese writing system survive longer
c
r
r
a
h
t
a
c
s
e
herish
onor
ppreciate
pread
ecommend
njoy
espect
reasure
dmire
heer for
Characters
Critical thinking
History and development
Importance
Introduction
well-developed
different forms
in one direction
picture-based
To introduce the topic: ___________________.
the Chinese writing system
connect people and culture
connect character and art
connect China and the world
connect the past and the present
An important part of Chinese culture
Summary
Cherish Chinese characters,
protect Chinese culture,
and spread it to the world.
Thank You

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