资源简介

(共28张PPT)
1. It was a young man who _______ medical school without completing his degree. What’s more, he ___________________ a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.
had left
had recently received
2. After Darwin _________ some time in South America, his room on the
ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he _____________.
had spent
had collected
3. At that time, people believed that all species ____________ on Earth at the
same time, and _______________ since.
had appeared
had not changed
4. It seemed their beaks __________ according to what food was available
on that particular island.
had evolved
构成：had+过去分词
B4U5 Revealing nature
Using language
The Past Perfect Tense
过去完成时
)
语法知识点拨
过去完成时由“had+动词的过去分词”构成。过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”;也可表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或状态一直持续到过去的另一时间。
一、过去完成时的定义和构成
1) 表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状
态，即“过去的过去”。
过去完成时的基本用法：
a.我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。
Before we got to the train station, the train _______________.
b.我还没来得及说谢谢，他就跑开了。
Before I could say “thank you”, he _______________.
had run away
had already left
past perfect
now
last term
We learned over five hundred English words.
过去
过去的过去
By the end of last term, we had learned over five hundred English words.
用法2：表示发生在“过去的过去”的动作，一直延续到过去的某个时间。
The little boy_______________ (finishe)his homework before his mother came back from work.
小男孩在妈妈下班回来之前就完成了作业。
After they ______________(complete)the decoration of the classroom,it took on a extremely beautiful and festive appearance.
在他们完成教室的装饰后,教室变得极其漂亮且充满节日气氛。
had finished
had completed
2) 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动
作，常用的时间状语有 by then, by the end of, by the time。
a.到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2000个英语单词了。
By the end of last term, we _________ 2000 English words.
b.到那时为止，他们已经在那里住了十年了。
They _________ there for ten years by then.
had lived
had learnt
past perfect
3) 表示愿望、打算等的动词，如 hope, want, expect, think, mean,
suppose, intend, plan 等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本
打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。
a.我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。
I ____________ to meet him at the airport, but I had an important
meeting to attend.
b.我原希望今年去度假，可是我离不开。
I _________ to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away.
had intended
had hoped
past perfect
4.在条件状语从句中,表示与过去事实相反的假设时,从句要用过去完成时。
If they had left earlier,they would have caught the first train.
如果他们离开得更早一些,他们就能赶上第一班火车了。
5.在表示“一……就……”的两个句型“scarcely/hardly...when...”和“no sooner...than...”中,scarcely、hardly、no sooner所在主句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时,而when、than引导的从句应用一般过去时。
No sooner had the rain stopped than people came out of their homes to enjoy the fresh air.
雨刚一停,人们就从家里出来享受新鲜空气。
用于hardly... when ... 和 no sooner… than ... 句型中，主句用过去完成时，when和than从句用一般过去时，表示“一…就…, 刚…就…”。当no sooner或hardly位于句首时，句子要部分倒装,即: had+主语+done… ★ ★ ★
③我刚离开，天就开始下雨了。
Hardly______________ when it began to rain.
④他一坐下，电话铃就响了。
No sooner __________________ than the telephone rang.
had I left
had he sat down
① I had hardly left when it began to rain.
② He had no sooner sat down than the telephone rang.
在句型 hardly... when 和 no sooner… than 中，主句用过去完成
时，从句用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”。
a.我刚离开就开始下雨了。
______________ when it began to rain.
b.他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。
No sooner ______________ than the telephone rang.
Hardly had I left
had he sat down
past perfect
6.在句型“This/It was the first/second/...time+that从句”或“This was the+形容词最高级+名词+that从句”中,从句常用过去完成时;在“It was+一段时间+
since 从句”句型中,从句常用过去完成时。
This was the first time that she _______________ (travelle)alone,which was a new and exciting experience for her.
这是她第一次独自旅行,这对她而言是一次新鲜又令人兴奋的经历。
It was a decade since she ________________ (leave)her hometown.
她离开家乡已经十年了。
had travelled
had left
真题体验
1.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)When I finally finished it,the thought of winning
　　 　________　 (give) way to the enjoyment of writing.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据句意可知,give way这个动作发生在finished之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had given。
had given
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)It felt great to know that I 　　 _____　　 (help) bring this family together again.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据句意可知,help这个动作发生在主句谓语动词felt之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had helped。
had helped
3.(2023·北京卷)I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner,only to find that no other guest 　　 ____ 　　 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据句意可知,arrive这个动作发生在turned up之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
had arrived
4.(2023·北京卷)I 　　　____ 　 (put) so much time and emotional energy into applying,and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据句意可知,put这个动作发生在thought之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had put。
had put
质疑提升
What are the difference between simple past and past perfect
1. They _______________(arrive) at the station by ten yesterday.
2. They _______________(arrive) at the station at ten yesterday.
had arrived
arrived
Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences. The sentences are in the order in which they happened. They can help you to decide the use of tenses.(P70)
1. a Natural disasters led to food shortages in the 1960s.
b Yuan Longping began to do research on hybrid rice.
c Yuan Longping developed a better type of rice.
Yuan Longping 1_____ to do research on hybrid rice because natural disasters 2__________ food shortages in the 1960s. In the end, he 3_________ a better type of rice.
developed
began
had led to
2. a Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their
characteristics were easy to control.
b Gregor Mendel made important discoveries about genetics.
c Gregor Mendel died in 1884.
Gregor Mendel 4________ study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. By the time of his death in 1884, he 5__________ important discoveries about genetics.
chose to
had made
A short introduction to Yuan Longping
Yuan Longping (1930 – 2021) dedicated himself to the research of agriculture after he graduated from university in the early 1950s. Yuan had the idea to create a new breed of rice in the 1960s. Since then, he has worked tirelessly to research and develop a better rice breed. In 1973 he and his collaborators managed to cultivate a hybrid rice species that was superior to many others. This species produced 20 per cent more rice per plant than the commonly grown varieties. For his achievements and contributions, Yuan is known as the “father of hybrid rice” and was awarded the Medal of the Republic in 2019.
Yuan Longping
A short introduction to Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel (1822 –1884) was an influential botanist. Mendel worked out the basic principles of heredity by experimenting with plants. In 1866, he published his findings, showing how invisible “factors” (now known as genes) are responsible for predictable visible traits. As a result of his work, he became known as the “father of modern genetics”.
Gregor Mendel
Complete the online encyclopaedia entry with the correct form of the words in the box.(P71)
compete decline eat
live introduce arrive
Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise. He died in 2012. After George’s death, the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.
The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans. Before humans 1________ on the island, the species 2_________ in isolation and 3______ the plants that naturally grew there. George was discovered many years after their arrival, and by then humans 4_______________ new species that 5__________ for the food the tortoises ate. After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population 6________. Eventually, only George remained.
arrived
had lived
eaten
had introduced
competed
declined
compete decline eat live introduce arrive
Thank you!

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