资源简介

(共37张PPT)
Welcome Unit
Discovering Useful Structure
Sentence components:句子成分
主语 subject
谓语 verb
宾语 object(DO IO)
表语 predicative
宾补 complement
定语 attributive
状语 adverbial
同位语 appositive
句子的主干成分
句子的次要成分
S
V
O
P
Adv
C
Att
App
主语Subject
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，动作的发出者，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：
1.名词 5.不定式短语
2.代词 6.动名词（动名词短语）
3.数词 7.主语从句等
4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）
The moon rose.

He will take you to the hospital.
Three and four is seven.
To see is to believe.
月亮升起了
他会带你去医院
三加四等于七
眼见为实
n.
pron.
num.
to do不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places.

Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.
It is necessary to master a foreign language.
公共场合不许吸烟
doing 动名词
他们是否会来取决于天气
主语从句
掌握一门外语是必要的
it作形式主语
to do 真正主语
谓语Verb
谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态
谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：
(1)情态v+v原形；助动词+v
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold.
(2)由连系动词加表语构成。
Mr Chen is my English teacher.
1) What happened
2) The plane took off at 10 o’clock.
3) We were beaten by their team.
4) You can do it if you try hard.
发生了什么？
飞机10点起飞
我们被他们的队伍打败了
如果你努力你就能做到
一般谓语动词分为及物动词vt.和不及物动词vi.
指出下列句中划线动词是及物 vt.，还是不及物vi.
Most birds can fly.（ ）
The children are flying kites in the park. ( )
When did they leave Beijing （ ）
They left last week. （ ）
Vi.
Vt.
Vi.
Vt.
vt.直接加宾语；vi.不能直接加宾语
系动词（连系动词）
1个特殊，2个似乎，3个保持，4个变化，5个感官
①1个特殊--be动词（am/is/are/was/were）
②2个似乎--appear , seem
③3个保持--持续系动词（译“保持” keep, stay, remain）
④4个变化--变化系动词（译“变得”get, grow ,turn ,become）
⑤5个感官--感官系动词(look, sound, smell,taste,feel)
表语：位于系动词之后，构成系表结构，说明主语的特质，特征，状态等。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
表语Predicative
Our teacher of English is an American.
Is it yours
The weather has turned cold.
Three and four is seven.
His job is to teach English.
我们的英语老师是美国人
这是你的吗？
天气变凉了
三加四等于七
他的工作是教英语
n.
pron.
adj.
num.
to do 不定式
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.
The machine must be out of order.
Time is up. The class is over.
他的爱好是踢足球
这机器肯定是坏了
时间到了，下课。
动名词
介词短语
副词
宾语Object
宾语：表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。
位置：一般放在动词/动词短语之后；介词之后
特殊宾语种类：
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语); 一个指物(直接宾语)，（直物间人）引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。
例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
直接宾语Direct Object
间接宾语Indirect Object
We haven’t seen her for a long time.
She ordered herself a new dress.
Do you mind opening the window
Give me four please.
我们很长时间没见她了
她给自己定了条新裙子
你介意开窗吗？
请给我四个
pron.
IO
DO
动名词
num.
I showed him my pictures.
He wants to dream a nice dream.
We have known what they are doing.
我向他展示了我的照片
他想要做个好梦
我们已经知道他们正在做什么了
IO
DO
to do 不定式
宾语从句
可接双宾语的常用动词
(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词
bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词
book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物
prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）
例如：They elected him their monitor.
宾语补足语 Object Complement
英语有些及物动词（vt），接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等。
“宾语+宾补”构成复合宾语
宾语常常由名词，形容词，介词短语，非谓语动词来充当
例如：We try to make our country strong.
I should advice you to get the chance.
They found the house broken in.
We made him our monitor.
我应该建议你抓住这个机会
他们发现有人破门而入
我们让他成为我们的班长
找宾补先找宾语
宾语补足语 Object Complement
状语Adverbial
状语：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。修饰v., adj., adv., 介词短语，从句或全句的成分。
How about meeting again at six （时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
I left the village five years ago.
The best fish swim near the bottom.
I arrived late because of the traffic jam.
We’ll send a car to fetch you.
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
目的状语
我五年前离开了这个村庄
最好的鱼都游在海底
我因为堵车所以迟到了
我们会派车去接你
The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bone.
If he goes, so will I.
Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.
结果状语
条件状语
让步状语
伴随状语
这鱼可以在两分钟吃掉一个人，只剩白骨
如果他走，我也会走
虽然他是个孩子，但他懂的很多
学生们又唱又跳地进了教室
同位语 Appositive
1. We young people should respect the old.
2. He himself will do the experiment.
3. He told me the news that our team won the game.
名词(短语)
代词
同位语从句
五种基本句型
1. 主语 + 谓语 （S+V）
主语+谓语+状语（S+V+A）
2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（S+V+O）
主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+A）
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （S+L+P）
4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （S+V+IO+DO）
5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）
特殊：there be 句型
主谓：S + V
这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词vi.
1. 你跳，我也跳。
You jump； I jump.
2.我们已经工作五小时了
We've worked for 5 hours.
主谓状：S + V+A
主谓宾： S + V + O
此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成；
1. 我爱英语。
I love English.
2.昨天我们在农场种了很多树。
We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.
主谓宾状：S + V+O+A
主系表：S +L+ P
1.她看起来很漂亮。
She looks beautiful.
2.他用右手摸着那本书。
He felt the book with his right hand.
此结构是由“主语+系动词+表语”构成；
主谓双宾：S + V + IO + DO
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。
一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
1.他给了我一杯茶。
He gave me a cup of tea.
主谓宾宾补：S + V + O + C
宾语补足语：动词是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
1.我发现我的同学和老师很友好。
I find my classmates and teachers friendly.
知识补充
我家有五口人。
如何翻译这个句子？
My family has five people.

correct：There are five people in my family.
表某处存在某人或某物时，用there be+ 主语 + 状语 句型，用以表达某地存在有某物
be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和数的变化。
现在时 there is / are …
过去时 there was / were…
将来时 there will be…/ there is / are going to be...
完成时 there has / have been…
可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be …/ there must have been...
过去曾经有 there used to be …
似乎有 there seems / seem / seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be …　
2. 可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等词代替be动词。
此时还表示存在有，但表意要更具体一些。
Eg.
There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.
There came a shout for "help".
There exists(存在) no air on the moon.
There lies a book on the desk.
There stands a tree on the hill.
注意主谓一致和就近原则
There a book and some flowers on the desk.
就近原则：谓语动词的选择看和它位置比较近的词
is
1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city.
2. We must act.
3. The maths homework looks easy.
4. The teacher found the classroom empty.
S
V
V
A
S
S
V
O
C
S
P
5. My mum bought me a new dictionary.
6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
7. There is an English Corner at our school.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
S
V
V
DO
There be…
S
O
A
S
IO
O
V
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tim，that dream has come true! This term，Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do，like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There’s always something exciting to do. And，after a long day of study，he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!
Activity 3
Read the passage and analyze the structures of the underlined sentences.
1. …, that dream has come true!
2. Tim and his classmates are living on a ship!
3. They also learn about ships and the sea.
4. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.
S
V
A
S
S
V
V
O
S
V
IO
DO
A
V
IO
DO
5. There’s always something exciting to do.
6. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun.
There be
S
P
L

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