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(共19张PPT)
Unit 4 Humour
Lesson 1 Grammar
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How many grammatical aspects does the English tense have What are they
01
02
03
04
Perfect continuous
完成进行体
It is a combination
describing a completed part
of a continuous action.
动作完成一部
分，还要再进
下去。
Continuous/
Progressive进行体
The action is still
happening at a time
of reference.
动作正在进行。
Perfect 完成体
Actions are finished.
动作已经完成。
Simple 完成体
The action is not specified as continuous or discrete.
动作不在进行中，或没有详细说明的。
过去完成进行时
Grammar focus
现在完成进行时
将来进行时
1.过去完成进行时
动作在过去的某个时间点之前已经开始，并持续到该点，突出动作的持续过程或其持续时间长度，而不仅仅是动作的完成。
had been doing
注意：
否定形式不常用：这种时态很少用于否定句，在表达否定含义时，通常用过去完成时来代替。
He had not practiced English for many years.
He had not been practicing English for many years.
没有被动语态：过去完成进行时没有被动语态。如果需要表达被动的含义，应换用其他时态。
与过去完成时态的区别：
过去完成时强调动作在另一个过去动作或时间点之前已经完成，侧重结果。而过去完成进行时强调动作的持续过程，至于该动作是否完成，则不一定。
She had cleaned the office. (办公室已经打扫干净了。)强调完成的结果。
She had been cleaning the office. (她之前一直在打扫办公室。)强调打扫这个动作持续了一段时间，但办公室不一定已打扫完毕。
2.现在完成进行时
肯定句： 主语 + have/has been + 动词-ing
否定句： 主语 + have/has + not + been + 动词-ing
疑问句： Have/Has + 主语 + been + 动词-ing
表示从过去持续到现在，并且可能继续的动作；强调动作的持续性和未完成性。常与 for（一段时间）、since（一个时间点）、all day/morning 等时间状语连用。
动作在一段时间内反复发生，强调这个重复的模式一直持续。这个时态也一般没有被动语态。
I have been calling him all day, but he never answers.
我一整天都在给他打电话，但他从来不接。
（反复打电话这个行为持续了一整天。）
He has been complaining about his job for as long as I can remember. 从我记事起，他就一直在抱怨他的工作。
（抱怨是重复发生的，并持续至今。）
“I _____________(wait) for the bus for twenty minutes.” she complained.
“I ________________(wait) for the bus for twenty minutes.” she thought.
have been waiting
have waited
Practice
3.将来进行时
将来进行时描述在将来某个特定时间点或时间段正在发生的动作。它像一部摄像机，预先放置到未来，拍摄那个时间点“正在进行的画面”。
肯定句：主语 + will be + doing
否定句：主语 + will not (won’t) be + doing
疑问句：Will + 主语 + be + doing？
2. 询问未来计划（比一般将来时更礼貌、更不具压迫感）
用将来进行时询问别人的计划，听起来像是“我猜你已经有安排了，能告诉我吗？”，而不是“你打算做什么？”，因此显得更礼貌、更随意。
常见时间状语： 将来进行时通常与明确的未来时间点或时间段连用。
at + 具体时刻: at 5 o‘clock, at this time tomorrow in + 时间段: in an hour, in two days
this + 时间: this evening, this time next week
由when, while等引导的时间状语从句 (从句中用一般现在时)
Complete the sentences using present perfect continous, past perfect continous or future continous where appropriate. P11
1. The eager fans _________________ (wait) for six hours before they finally got the tickets for the football match.
2. I _____________________ (look for) that for weeks — where did you find it
3. Mrs Wang _____________________________ (stay with her friends) when she goes to Hainan.
had been waiting
had been looking for
will be staying with her friends
4. As he ________________________ (repair his car) all afternoon, he was messy.
5. This book is taking me so long that I ___________________ (still read) it by this time next year!
6. She ________________________ (study English) since she left school.
had been repairing his car
will be still reading
has been studying English
Practice
THANKS

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